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• 41. [Article] Geology of the Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area, Vancouver Island, B.C.

  The Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area is located on the southeast coast of Vancouver Island, B.C., approximately 60 miles northwest of Victoria, B.C. and 25 miles west, across the Strait of Georgia, from Vancouver, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geology of the Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area, Vancouver Island, B.C. Author: Rinne, Richard Wyman The Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area is located on the southeast coast of Vancouver Island, B.C., approximately 60 miles northwest of Victoria, B.C. and 25 miles west, across the Strait of Georgia, from Vancouver, B.C. Approximately 2500 feet of Late Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Nanaimo Group are exposed within the area of investigation. The rocks were deposited in the Nanaimo Basin by a series of east and northeast flowing streams and rivers carrying sediments from the pre-Pennsylvanian Sicker Group volcanics, metavolcanics, argillites and quartzites, the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Vancouver Group volcanics, limestones, argillites and greywackes, and the Middle Jurassic granodiorite-gabbro Island Intrusions. Formations within the area are: 1) the Cedar District, mainly marine mudstones with limy concretions and sandstone dikes, and Z) the De Courcy, mainly fluvial to shallow marine arkosic wackes, exhibiting honeycomb weathering and containing concretions and minor conglomerate, During the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary the rocks were differentially uplifted and folded and faulted into a northwest-southeast trending belt. The possibility of later episodes of diastrophism, exists. Two Pleistocene glacial epochs scoured the rocks and left till deposits behind during their retreats. Coal was mined extensively in the Nanaimo Basin from the 1850's to the 1940's and 1950's, but is no longer an economic commodity. Building stone and sand and gravel have been quarried for local use. Petroleum companies have investigated the area, but the results of their exploration have not been made public. Title: Geology of the Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area, Vancouver Island, B.C. Author: Rinne, Richard Wyman The Duke Point-Kulleet Bay area is located on the southeast coast of Vancouver Island, B.C., approximately 60 miles northwest of Victoria, B.C. and 25 miles west, across the Strait of Georgia, from Vancouver, B.C. Approximately 2500 feet of Late Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Nanaimo Group are exposed within the area of investigation. The rocks were deposited in the Nanaimo Basin by a series of east and northeast flowing streams and rivers carrying sediments from the pre-Pennsylvanian Sicker Group volcanics, metavolcanics, argillites and quartzites, the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Vancouver Group volcanics, limestones, argillites and greywackes, and the Middle Jurassic granodiorite-gabbro Island Intrusions. Formations within the area are: 1) the Cedar District, mainly marine mudstones with limy concretions and sandstone dikes, and Z) the De Courcy, mainly fluvial to shallow marine arkosic wackes, exhibiting honeycomb weathering and containing concretions and minor conglomerate, During the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary the rocks were differentially uplifted and folded and faulted into a northwest-southeast trending belt. The possibility of later episodes of diastrophism, exists. Two Pleistocene glacial epochs scoured the rocks and left till deposits behind during their retreats. Coal was mined extensively in the Nanaimo Basin from the 1850's to the 1940's and 1950's, but is no longer an economic commodity. Building stone and sand and gravel have been quarried for local use. Petroleum companies have investigated the area, but the results of their exploration have not been made public. Close

• 42. [Article] The fisheries of the Lower Columbia River, 1792 to 1850, based on EuroAmerican explorer and fur company accounts

  The role of fish in the Native American economy of the lower Columbia River has never been considered in detail. My study focused on the Columbia River from its mouth to the Cascades and the Willamette ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The fisheries of the Lower Columbia River, 1792 to 1850, based on EuroAmerican explorer and fur company accounts Author: Martin, Michael A. Year: 2006 The role of fish in the Native American economy of the lower Columbia River has never been considered in detail. My study focused on the Columbia River from its mouth to the Cascades and the Willamette River from its confluence with the Columbia to Willamette Falls. For this study I asked: How was salmon used? What other fish were important? Where and how were these fish taken and used? To address these questions, I evaluated historical documents, including explorer's accounts and the administrative records of fur companies dating from the late 1700's through the 1850's. I used fishery data, physical descriptions, migratory and spawning habits, and foraging patterns to identify fish in historic accounts. I annotated historic information and provided a synthesis of the historic fisheries. White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) dominated the trade. Chum (O.keta) and lamprey (Lampetra sp.) were available, although not traded in large numbers. White sturgeon, eulachon, fall chinook, chum and lamprey were smoke cured. Steel head (0. mykiss) , coho (O.kisutch), perch (Embiotocidae), and resident trout were traded in small numbers indicating that other fish were part of the economy. Sockeye. salmon (O.nerka) was not traded. f "~{.' Indians captured white sturgeon with: multiple hooks on set-lines and funnel nets to take white sturgeon during the winter; scoop nets and the eulachon rake took eulachon; spring and summer chinook were taken with hoop nets and platforms in the Cascades rapids and at Willamette Falls; gaffs were used to take chinook and sturgeon during the summer in Baker Bay; and hoop nets took fall chinook in streams. Seine nets were noted but not were not discussed except for the chinook fishery of Baker Bay. Historic information on fishes used and methods of capture contrasts with the archaeological record of the Portland Basin. Resident freshwater fish, minnows (Cyprinidae) and suckers (Catostomus sp.), are abundant in the archaeological faunal record, but are rarely mentioned in historic accounts. Artifacts such as net weights are common in archaeological contexts in contrast with the limited discussions in the historic record. Possible explanations for these discrepancies are reviewed. Title: The fisheries of the Lower Columbia River, 1792 to 1850, based on EuroAmerican explorer and fur company accounts Author: Martin, Michael A. Year: 2006 The role of fish in the Native American economy of the lower Columbia River has never been considered in detail. My study focused on the Columbia River from its mouth to the Cascades and the Willamette River from its confluence with the Columbia to Willamette Falls. For this study I asked: How was salmon used? What other fish were important? Where and how were these fish taken and used? To address these questions, I evaluated historical documents, including explorer's accounts and the administrative records of fur companies dating from the late 1700's through the 1850's. I used fishery data, physical descriptions, migratory and spawning habits, and foraging patterns to identify fish in historic accounts. I annotated historic information and provided a synthesis of the historic fisheries. White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) dominated the trade. Chum (O.keta) and lamprey (Lampetra sp.) were available, although not traded in large numbers. White sturgeon, eulachon, fall chinook, chum and lamprey were smoke cured. Steel head (0. mykiss) , coho (O.kisutch), perch (Embiotocidae), and resident trout were traded in small numbers indicating that other fish were part of the economy. Sockeye. salmon (O.nerka) was not traded. f "~{.' Indians captured white sturgeon with: multiple hooks on set-lines and funnel nets to take white sturgeon during the winter; scoop nets and the eulachon rake took eulachon; spring and summer chinook were taken with hoop nets and platforms in the Cascades rapids and at Willamette Falls; gaffs were used to take chinook and sturgeon during the summer in Baker Bay; and hoop nets took fall chinook in streams. Seine nets were noted but not were not discussed except for the chinook fishery of Baker Bay. Historic information on fishes used and methods of capture contrasts with the archaeological record of the Portland Basin. Resident freshwater fish, minnows (Cyprinidae) and suckers (Catostomus sp.), are abundant in the archaeological faunal record, but are rarely mentioned in historic accounts. Artifacts such as net weights are common in archaeological contexts in contrast with the limited discussions in the historic record. Possible explanations for these discrepancies are reviewed. Close

• 43. [Article] Operational Plan for Anadromous, Salmon Ranching Activities 1991

  Abstract -- Statutes authorizing private salmon ranching were approved by the 1971 Oregon Legislature. Oregon Revised Statutes (ORS 508.700-508.745) authorize issue of permits for chum salmon ("Oncorhynchus ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Operational Plan for Anadromous, Salmon Ranching Activities 1991 Abstract -- Statutes authorizing private salmon ranching were approved by the 1971 Oregon Legislature. Oregon Revised Statutes (ORS 508.700-508.745) authorize issue of permits for chum salmon ("Oncorhynchus keta") hatcheries and provide guidance for the review of applications, conduct of operations, and general requirements for termination of permits under certain circumstances. In 1973 the Legislature added coho ("0. kisutch") and chinook ("O. tshawytscha") salmon to the private hatchery statutes. The Fish Commission of Oregon was charged with administering laws related to the operation of private hatcheries, and since merger of the Fish and Wildlife commissions in 1975, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Department has been responsible for administration of laws relating to private salmon hatcheries. Administrative rules established by the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission (Commission) describe policies and restrictions for the siting, operation, evaluation, and monitoring of private hatcheries. The Commission has the primary authority and responsibility to approve or modify the hatchery operational plans developed by the Department. The scope, technical requirements, or both, of these operational plans may be changed by the Commission in the future to reflect the acquisition of new information or new interpretations of old data. This operational plan is one of a series of written documents prepared by the Department at the direction of the Commission and House Bill 2735 (which amended ORS 508.715, 720, and 740). This operational plan has been written to encompass private salmon ranching activities conducted through the Anadromous Inc. release and recapture facilities located near Jordan Point and North spit in Coos Bay. The provisions contained in this operational plan are applicable to, and shall be binding to any successive owner or owners that may acquire the Anadromous salmon ranching permit in the future. Thus, any references in this plan to Anadromous shall be understood to be applicable to any subsequent permittee to whom the permit may be transferred. Anadromous, Inc. has been engaged in salmon ranching activities in Oregon since 1974. Initially located near St. Helens on the Columbia River, the company shifted operations to Jordan Point in Coos Bay and later acquired the North Spit facility from OreAqua, Inc. in 1984. Anadromous did not release chum, coho or chinook smolts in 1990 at either the North Spit or Jordan Point facility. At this time both facilities are for sale. Title: Operational Plan for Anadromous, Salmon Ranching Activities 1991 Abstract -- Statutes authorizing private salmon ranching were approved by the 1971 Oregon Legislature. Oregon Revised Statutes (ORS 508.700-508.745) authorize issue of permits for chum salmon ("Oncorhynchus keta") hatcheries and provide guidance for the review of applications, conduct of operations, and general requirements for termination of permits under certain circumstances. In 1973 the Legislature added coho ("0. kisutch") and chinook ("O. tshawytscha") salmon to the private hatchery statutes. The Fish Commission of Oregon was charged with administering laws related to the operation of private hatcheries, and since merger of the Fish and Wildlife commissions in 1975, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Department has been responsible for administration of laws relating to private salmon hatcheries. Administrative rules established by the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission (Commission) describe policies and restrictions for the siting, operation, evaluation, and monitoring of private hatcheries. The Commission has the primary authority and responsibility to approve or modify the hatchery operational plans developed by the Department. The scope, technical requirements, or both, of these operational plans may be changed by the Commission in the future to reflect the acquisition of new information or new interpretations of old data. This operational plan is one of a series of written documents prepared by the Department at the direction of the Commission and House Bill 2735 (which amended ORS 508.715, 720, and 740). This operational plan has been written to encompass private salmon ranching activities conducted through the Anadromous Inc. release and recapture facilities located near Jordan Point and North spit in Coos Bay. The provisions contained in this operational plan are applicable to, and shall be binding to any successive owner or owners that may acquire the Anadromous salmon ranching permit in the future. Thus, any references in this plan to Anadromous shall be understood to be applicable to any subsequent permittee to whom the permit may be transferred. Anadromous, Inc. has been engaged in salmon ranching activities in Oregon since 1974. Initially located near St. Helens on the Columbia River, the company shifted operations to Jordan Point in Coos Bay and later acquired the North Spit facility from OreAqua, Inc. in 1984. Anadromous did not release chum, coho or chinook smolts in 1990 at either the North Spit or Jordan Point facility. At this time both facilities are for sale. Close

• 44. [Article] Impact of Cultural Practices on the individual and Collective Economic Performances in Shellfish Farming: the Case of Oyster Farming in Baie Des Veys

  The access regulation within the shellfish farming sector in France is based on a co-management system relying on both a national legislation, defining the general access conditions to maritime public ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impact of Cultural Practices on the individual and Collective Economic Performances in Shellfish Farming: the Case of Oyster Farming in Baie Des Veys Author: Agundez, José Perez, Vornière, Jean-Philippe, Girard, Sophie, Gangnery, Aline The access regulation within the shellfish farming sector in France is based on a co-management system relying on both a national legislation, defining the general access conditions to maritime public grounds, and regional regulation systems, called “Regional Structural Schemes”. The latter specify the farming rules in cooperation with the administration, scientific and professional representatives. This regulation system, which aims at managing the common primary resources at the scale of a shellfish farming basin, is under review in the baie des Veys, on the Normandy coastline. In this context, biological modelling is used to assess the carrying capacity of the bay and to provide tools for modifying the RSS in a more sustainable way. Another objective of the study is to shift to bio-economic modelling, implying for the model to take into account extra technical and economical parameters. A specific survey has therefore been carried out for collecting detailed information on the cultural practices of the oyster farming companies, and for analysing the links with their structural characteristics and performance indicators, in terms of productivity and output. This article reviews the context of oyster farming in the baie des Veys from the environmental, socio-economic and institutional point of view. After the presentation of the methodology used for the survey, its results are analysed and a synthesis is made, leading to the identification of the main farming technical profiles. At this stage of the study, only theoretical developments on modelling are considered and outlooks in terms of collective management measures are discussed. Title: Impact of Cultural Practices on the individual and Collective Economic Performances in Shellfish Farming: the Case of Oyster Farming in Baie Des Veys Author: Agundez, José Perez, Vornière, Jean-Philippe, Girard, Sophie, Gangnery, Aline The access regulation within the shellfish farming sector in France is based on a co-management system relying on both a national legislation, defining the general access conditions to maritime public grounds, and regional regulation systems, called “Regional Structural Schemes”. The latter specify the farming rules in cooperation with the administration, scientific and professional representatives. This regulation system, which aims at managing the common primary resources at the scale of a shellfish farming basin, is under review in the baie des Veys, on the Normandy coastline. In this context, biological modelling is used to assess the carrying capacity of the bay and to provide tools for modifying the RSS in a more sustainable way. Another objective of the study is to shift to bio-economic modelling, implying for the model to take into account extra technical and economical parameters. A specific survey has therefore been carried out for collecting detailed information on the cultural practices of the oyster farming companies, and for analysing the links with their structural characteristics and performance indicators, in terms of productivity and output. This article reviews the context of oyster farming in the baie des Veys from the environmental, socio-economic and institutional point of view. After the presentation of the methodology used for the survey, its results are analysed and a synthesis is made, leading to the identification of the main farming technical profiles. At this stage of the study, only theoretical developments on modelling are considered and outlooks in terms of collective management measures are discussed. Close

• 45. [Article] Homeowner Association Resident’s Perceptions on Stormwater Retention Ponds and Clean Drinking Water: (Montgomery West Homeowners Association (MWHOA) Gaithersburg, Maryland).

  Graduation date: 2015

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Homeowner Association Resident’s Perceptions on Stormwater Retention Ponds and Clean Drinking Water: (Montgomery West Homeowners Association (MWHOA) Gaithersburg, Maryland). Author: Roberts, William Hadyn Jr Graduation date: 2015 Title: Homeowner Association Resident’s Perceptions on Stormwater Retention Ponds and Clean Drinking Water: (Montgomery West Homeowners Association (MWHOA) Gaithersburg, Maryland). Author: Roberts, William Hadyn Jr Graduation date: 2015 Close

• 46. [Article] Geology of the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area, Clatsop County, northwest Oregon

  Six Tertiary rock units are exposed in the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area. They are, from oldest to youngest: upper Eocene Tillamook Volcanics; upper Eocene Cowlitz Formation; upper Eocene Keasey Formation; ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geology of the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area, Clatsop County, northwest Oregon Author: Olbinski, James Steven Six Tertiary rock units are exposed in the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area. They are, from oldest to youngest: upper Eocene Tillamook Volcanics; upper Eocene Cowlitz Formation; upper Eocene Keasey Formation; upper Eocene Vesper Church formation (informal); upper Eocene to Oligocene Pittsburg Bluff Formation; and middle Miocene Depoe Bay Basalt. The Tillamook Volcanics is composed of basaltic andesite subaerial flows (SiO2 54.19% to 55.67%) and volcanic debris flows. The platy jointed subaerial flows are generally porphyritic with a pilotaxitic groundmass; a few aphyric flows with well defined flow banding are present. Highly vesicular flow tops typically show alteration of ilmenite to leucoxene producing a diagnostic bleached white appearance. Debris flows are comprised of very poorly sorted, angular, volcanic and minor sedimentary rock clasts in a mud matrix. Commonly this lithology is intruded by porphyritic and vesicular dikes. Major oxides of the Tillamook basaltic andesites suggest that these volcanic rocks may have erupted in an oceanic island "spreading center" environment. The Cowlitz Formation unconformably overlies the Tillamook Volcanics in the study area. This formation is divided into five informal members: a basal basaltic andesite conglomerate; a unit of interbedded micaceous arkese, volcanic lithic arenite and mudstone; a thick structureless mudstone; rhythmically laminated turbidite sandstone and siltstone; and a thick upper arkosic sandstone. The basal conglomerate represents a fluvial braided stream to high energy marine shoreline environment. The finer grained middle members indicate a deepening up sequence. The upper sandstone member is a micaceous, well-sorted, hummocky bedded, porous, very friable sandstone deposited in a high energy storm-dominated shelf to nearshore environment. The upper sandstone member of the Cowlitz Formation ("Clark and Wilson sand" of the Mist gas field) is the current target of active drilling in adjacent areas by several petroleum companies. This upper sandstone and lower arkosic sandstones represent favorable targets in contact with organic-rich, but immature, source rocks in potential fault bounded structural highs and erosional pinchouts in the northern part of the study area. The Narizian to Refugian Keasey Formation is represented by the Jewell member (informal), in the study area. The Jewell member, a well-bedded to laminated, tuffaceous, indurated mudstone, unconformably overlies the more extensively faulted Cowlitz Formation. Upper slope water depths of 200-600 m are indicated by foraminiferal and molluscan assemblages. A lithologically distinct and mappable turbidite unit crops out in the study area and is informally named in this thesis the Vesper Church formation. The Vesper Church formation represents west- to northwest-trending turbidite-filled "sea gullies" deposited at bathyal depths (1,000-1,500 m) on the lower slope. Thin-bedded channelized turbidites with Bouma c, d and e sequences and local thick amalgamated sandstones characterize this unit. The upper Eocene (Refugian) Pittsburg Bluff Formation conformably overlies the Vesper Church formation. Molluscan assemblages from the basal part of this formation indicate water depths of 20-200 m; thus, a significant shallowing episode between the Vesper Church and Pittsburg Bluff formations is indicated. Thick, bioturbated, glauconitic to fine-grained tuffaceous sandstone and sandy mudstone suggest an inner to middle (possibly outer) continental shelf depositional environment for the Pittsburg Bluff strata. Following a period of high-angle northeast trending faulting, two middle Miocene Depoe Bay Basalt dikes intruded the sedimentary formations exposed in the area. The reversely polarized Northrup Creek dike can be traced over 8.5 km and has a paleomagnetic declination of 170° and a steep inclination of -74°, possibly a result of secular variation of the geomagnetic pole during cooling of the dike through its Cuire temperature (Nelson, 1983). These aphanitic to sparsely micro-porhyritic tholeiitic basalts are chemically identical to the Grande Ronde Basalt of the Columbia Plateau. A recent hypothesis by Beeson et al. (1979) suggests that all Miocene coastal basalts represent the distal ends of subaerial Columbia River basalts which reached the Miocene shoreline and intruded or "invaded" soft marine sediments. The reversed stratigraphic order of high and low MgO Depoe Bay (Grande Ronde) basaltic sills intruding Keasey and Cowlitz strata, as much as 1600 m below the surface in the petroleum exploration well Quintan_a Watzek 30-1 Watzek 30-1 in this study area, illustrates a complicating factor in the emplacement mechanism if these are "invasive" intrusions. In late middle Miocene the northern Oregon Coast Range anticline was formed, possibly in response to a period of underthrusting (Snavely et al., 1980b). Contemporaneously, a second set of left-lateral and right-lateral conjugate faults (N55°E and N55°W) cut the middle Miocene basalt dikes. This faulting may be related to north-south compression and clockwise rotation of western Oregon and southwest Washington associated with the oblique subduction of the Juan De Fuca Plate beneath the North American Plate as suggested by Magill et al. (1981) and Coe and Wells (1982). Title: Geology of the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area, Clatsop County, northwest Oregon Author: Olbinski, James Steven Six Tertiary rock units are exposed in the Buster Creek-Nehalem Valley area. They are, from oldest to youngest: upper Eocene Tillamook Volcanics; upper Eocene Cowlitz Formation; upper Eocene Keasey Formation; upper Eocene Vesper Church formation (informal); upper Eocene to Oligocene Pittsburg Bluff Formation; and middle Miocene Depoe Bay Basalt. The Tillamook Volcanics is composed of basaltic andesite subaerial flows (SiO2 54.19% to 55.67%) and volcanic debris flows. The platy jointed subaerial flows are generally porphyritic with a pilotaxitic groundmass; a few aphyric flows with well defined flow banding are present. Highly vesicular flow tops typically show alteration of ilmenite to leucoxene producing a diagnostic bleached white appearance. Debris flows are comprised of very poorly sorted, angular, volcanic and minor sedimentary rock clasts in a mud matrix. Commonly this lithology is intruded by porphyritic and vesicular dikes. Major oxides of the Tillamook basaltic andesites suggest that these volcanic rocks may have erupted in an oceanic island "spreading center" environment. The Cowlitz Formation unconformably overlies the Tillamook Volcanics in the study area. This formation is divided into five informal members: a basal basaltic andesite conglomerate; a unit of interbedded micaceous arkese, volcanic lithic arenite and mudstone; a thick structureless mudstone; rhythmically laminated turbidite sandstone and siltstone; and a thick upper arkosic sandstone. The basal conglomerate represents a fluvial braided stream to high energy marine shoreline environment. The finer grained middle members indicate a deepening up sequence. The upper sandstone member is a micaceous, well-sorted, hummocky bedded, porous, very friable sandstone deposited in a high energy storm-dominated shelf to nearshore environment. The upper sandstone member of the Cowlitz Formation ("Clark and Wilson sand" of the Mist gas field) is the current target of active drilling in adjacent areas by several petroleum companies. This upper sandstone and lower arkosic sandstones represent favorable targets in contact with organic-rich, but immature, source rocks in potential fault bounded structural highs and erosional pinchouts in the northern part of the study area. The Narizian to Refugian Keasey Formation is represented by the Jewell member (informal), in the study area. The Jewell member, a well-bedded to laminated, tuffaceous, indurated mudstone, unconformably overlies the more extensively faulted Cowlitz Formation. Upper slope water depths of 200-600 m are indicated by foraminiferal and molluscan assemblages. A lithologically distinct and mappable turbidite unit crops out in the study area and is informally named in this thesis the Vesper Church formation. The Vesper Church formation represents west- to northwest-trending turbidite-filled "sea gullies" deposited at bathyal depths (1,000-1,500 m) on the lower slope. Thin-bedded channelized turbidites with Bouma c, d and e sequences and local thick amalgamated sandstones characterize this unit. The upper Eocene (Refugian) Pittsburg Bluff Formation conformably overlies the Vesper Church formation. Molluscan assemblages from the basal part of this formation indicate water depths of 20-200 m; thus, a significant shallowing episode between the Vesper Church and Pittsburg Bluff formations is indicated. Thick, bioturbated, glauconitic to fine-grained tuffaceous sandstone and sandy mudstone suggest an inner to middle (possibly outer) continental shelf depositional environment for the Pittsburg Bluff strata. Following a period of high-angle northeast trending faulting, two middle Miocene Depoe Bay Basalt dikes intruded the sedimentary formations exposed in the area. The reversely polarized Northrup Creek dike can be traced over 8.5 km and has a paleomagnetic declination of 170° and a steep inclination of -74°, possibly a result of secular variation of the geomagnetic pole during cooling of the dike through its Cuire temperature (Nelson, 1983). These aphanitic to sparsely micro-porhyritic tholeiitic basalts are chemically identical to the Grande Ronde Basalt of the Columbia Plateau. A recent hypothesis by Beeson et al. (1979) suggests that all Miocene coastal basalts represent the distal ends of subaerial Columbia River basalts which reached the Miocene shoreline and intruded or "invaded" soft marine sediments. The reversed stratigraphic order of high and low MgO Depoe Bay (Grande Ronde) basaltic sills intruding Keasey and Cowlitz strata, as much as 1600 m below the surface in the petroleum exploration well Quintan_a Watzek 30-1 Watzek 30-1 in this study area, illustrates a complicating factor in the emplacement mechanism if these are "invasive" intrusions. In late middle Miocene the northern Oregon Coast Range anticline was formed, possibly in response to a period of underthrusting (Snavely et al., 1980b). Contemporaneously, a second set of left-lateral and right-lateral conjugate faults (N55°E and N55°W) cut the middle Miocene basalt dikes. This faulting may be related to north-south compression and clockwise rotation of western Oregon and southwest Washington associated with the oblique subduction of the Juan De Fuca Plate beneath the North American Plate as suggested by Magill et al. (1981) and Coe and Wells (1982). Close

• 47. [Article] Failure analysis of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending conditions

  Ever since composite laminate technology was introduced into the aerospace and automotive industry, there has been a need to fully understand the damage progression experienced by composite laminated plates ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Failure analysis of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending conditions Author: Arias Gonzales, Sergio Ever since composite laminate technology was introduced into the aerospace and automotive industry, there has been a need to fully understand the damage progression experienced by composite laminated plates in the presence of a notch. While numerous research studies have been conducted on this matter when subjected to in-plane loads, not much focus has been directed to the out-of-plane loading conditions. To address this issue, a comprehensive study in partnership with the Boeing Commercial Airplane Company and the Federal Aviation Administration was carried out, using laboratory tests and computer simulations, to predict the failure mechanisms of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending. A total of 48 pre-notched laminates, varying in size, layer orientations, and thickness were tested, and the deformation data was recorded by means of strain gages. Two notch lengths of 1-in. and 4-in. with an end radius of 0.125-in. were considered in the analysis. The laminates were also modeled in the finite element software ABAQUS to determine the concentration factors and explore the damage progression based on the Hashin criterion. The results were compared to the test data for correlation and validity. From the simulation results, it was determined that the classical laminated plate models under-predicted the strain concentration factors, and that Reissner’s models should be employed in order to conduct failure analysis on composite laminates when subjected to pure bending. The shell model that takes into account transverse shear effects was then chosen to provide the progressive damage simulation. It was found that the results of these theoretical models from ABAQUS were very similar to the results of the test samples generated in our experiments. In general, very good agreement between the simulations and the test results was obtained for the thin laminates. Particularly, as the percentage of 0-degree plies increased, so did the correlation with the test samples. Our theoretical models were capable of reproducing accurately their failure points by taking into consideration the large deformation effects and damage progression. On the other hand, the thick laminate models were not as successful in predicting failure. In most cases, they computed a failure moment higher than the ones found in the experiment. Title: Failure analysis of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending conditions Author: Arias Gonzales, Sergio Ever since composite laminate technology was introduced into the aerospace and automotive industry, there has been a need to fully understand the damage progression experienced by composite laminated plates in the presence of a notch. While numerous research studies have been conducted on this matter when subjected to in-plane loads, not much focus has been directed to the out-of-plane loading conditions. To address this issue, a comprehensive study in partnership with the Boeing Commercial Airplane Company and the Federal Aviation Administration was carried out, using laboratory tests and computer simulations, to predict the failure mechanisms of pre-notched composite laminated plates under four-point bending. A total of 48 pre-notched laminates, varying in size, layer orientations, and thickness were tested, and the deformation data was recorded by means of strain gages. Two notch lengths of 1-in. and 4-in. with an end radius of 0.125-in. were considered in the analysis. The laminates were also modeled in the finite element software ABAQUS to determine the concentration factors and explore the damage progression based on the Hashin criterion. The results were compared to the test data for correlation and validity. From the simulation results, it was determined that the classical laminated plate models under-predicted the strain concentration factors, and that Reissner’s models should be employed in order to conduct failure analysis on composite laminates when subjected to pure bending. The shell model that takes into account transverse shear effects was then chosen to provide the progressive damage simulation. It was found that the results of these theoretical models from ABAQUS were very similar to the results of the test samples generated in our experiments. In general, very good agreement between the simulations and the test results was obtained for the thin laminates. Particularly, as the percentage of 0-degree plies increased, so did the correlation with the test samples. Our theoretical models were capable of reproducing accurately their failure points by taking into consideration the large deformation effects and damage progression. On the other hand, the thick laminate models were not as successful in predicting failure. In most cases, they computed a failure moment higher than the ones found in the experiment. Close

• 48. [Article] Evaluating the effectiveness of interaction strategies between product developer and supply chain using activity based modeling in environmental benign product design

  With growing concerns on environment impact of industrial product development, the product developers are seeking better solutions to achieve desired environmental benign requirements by the regulators ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluating the effectiveness of interaction strategies between product developer and supply chain using activity based modeling in environmental benign product design Author: Wang, Bo With growing concerns on environment impact of industrial product development, the product developers are seeking better solutions to achieve desired environmental benign requirements by the regulators and customers besides economic growth. During the last decade, some of the most successful product development companies (such as HP) have established their own Design for Environment (DfE) programs. The DfE programs are playing a more and more important role in enforcing environmental concerns in product development process. However, there are numerous industrial examples to show that the quality of environment design often times depends on if a DfE program can work effectively with other existing units, in particular, supply chain management through a certain interaction strategy. The existing literatures provide limited discussions on the interactions in general. It is not clear how to define and represent an interaction strategy, and how to quantifiably measure its impact on Environmental Impact (E), Quality (Q), and Cost (C), of developing a product. In my thesis, I focus on 1) formulating and representing several typical interaction strategies based on the classification of information exchange by its content and extent, and 2) quantitatively evaluate their effectives using an Activity Based Modeling approach. Information exchange has been identified as a major factor to affect the effectiveness of interactions between the DfE program and supply chain. The content and extent of information exchange is used to define an interaction strategy space. In this space, existing interaction strategies are represented. The major design activities and information are identified and defined by different groups, including: Marketing, Design, Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management and Stewardship Group. To evaluate the different interaction strategies, the quality consideration are added into Bras' Activity-Based Model and expand it to the Three View Activity Based Model which simulates the process and activities occur in the product development and supply chain. Quality is treated as a driver as environment and cost for the activities, which enables quantitative performance assessment of the product development activities. The activities act the carrier of the information in our three view model. Through the activity roadmap, E.Q.C. performance could be traced and the evaluation for every interaction strategies could be accomplished. The thesis, I also provide a case study, to allow the reader to see how the model and evaluation method are applied into the application and what the result is. The resufts from this work provide necessary knowledge for DfE group and supply chain to examine and identify holes in their current interaction strategy that may have negative impact on environmental design. On the other hand, they allow management to screen and select a suitable interaction strategy for a particular DfE program with its supply chain. The thesis directly contributes to the betterment of environmental design. Title: Evaluating the effectiveness of interaction strategies between product developer and supply chain using activity based modeling in environmental benign product design Author: Wang, Bo With growing concerns on environment impact of industrial product development, the product developers are seeking better solutions to achieve desired environmental benign requirements by the regulators and customers besides economic growth. During the last decade, some of the most successful product development companies (such as HP) have established their own Design for Environment (DfE) programs. The DfE programs are playing a more and more important role in enforcing environmental concerns in product development process. However, there are numerous industrial examples to show that the quality of environment design often times depends on if a DfE program can work effectively with other existing units, in particular, supply chain management through a certain interaction strategy. The existing literatures provide limited discussions on the interactions in general. It is not clear how to define and represent an interaction strategy, and how to quantifiably measure its impact on Environmental Impact (E), Quality (Q), and Cost (C), of developing a product. In my thesis, I focus on 1) formulating and representing several typical interaction strategies based on the classification of information exchange by its content and extent, and 2) quantitatively evaluate their effectives using an Activity Based Modeling approach. Information exchange has been identified as a major factor to affect the effectiveness of interactions between the DfE program and supply chain. The content and extent of information exchange is used to define an interaction strategy space. In this space, existing interaction strategies are represented. The major design activities and information are identified and defined by different groups, including: Marketing, Design, Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management and Stewardship Group. To evaluate the different interaction strategies, the quality consideration are added into Bras' Activity-Based Model and expand it to the Three View Activity Based Model which simulates the process and activities occur in the product development and supply chain. Quality is treated as a driver as environment and cost for the activities, which enables quantitative performance assessment of the product development activities. The activities act the carrier of the information in our three view model. Through the activity roadmap, E.Q.C. performance could be traced and the evaluation for every interaction strategies could be accomplished. The thesis, I also provide a case study, to allow the reader to see how the model and evaluation method are applied into the application and what the result is. The resufts from this work provide necessary knowledge for DfE group and supply chain to examine and identify holes in their current interaction strategy that may have negative impact on environmental design. On the other hand, they allow management to screen and select a suitable interaction strategy for a particular DfE program with its supply chain. The thesis directly contributes to the betterment of environmental design. Close