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• 21. [Article] Western Juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) Ecology with an Exercise in Remote Sensing Techniques

  Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis var. occidentalis) has been expanding its biogeographic range since the mid-1800's, resulting in decreased biodiversity, altered wildlife habitat, increased soil ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Western Juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) Ecology with an Exercise in Remote Sensing Techniques Author: Goralski, Elizabeth A. Year: 2008 Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis var. occidentalis) has been expanding its biogeographic range since the mid-1800's, resulting in decreased biodiversity, altered wildlife habitat, increased soil erosion, reduced stream flows and reduced forage production. The direct causes of western juniper aforestation are unclear but appear to be related to altered fire regimes, over grazing, and climatic shifts. This study seeks to determine how Landsat images combined with Digital Orthoquads (DOQs) can be used to examine the geographic distribution of western juniper. Satellite imagery has yet to be applied to the large scale mapping of western juniper aforestation, resulting in the lack of regional and landscape level monitoring of western juniper range expansion. Remote sensing technologies, when combined with geographical information systems provide potentially valuable tools for monitoring western juniper expansion because of their abilities to assess large scale coverage of scenes, high cost effectiveness, and minimal field crew requirements. The two main objectives of my research are to review and summarize current literature regarding western juniper expansion and explore how remote sensing techniques may be used to quantify the expansion of the species. The results of my studies suggest that large patches of western juniper are detectable using Landsat imagery. Title: Western Juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) Ecology with an Exercise in Remote Sensing Techniques Author: Goralski, Elizabeth A. Year: 2008 Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis var. occidentalis) has been expanding its biogeographic range since the mid-1800's, resulting in decreased biodiversity, altered wildlife habitat, increased soil erosion, reduced stream flows and reduced forage production. The direct causes of western juniper aforestation are unclear but appear to be related to altered fire regimes, over grazing, and climatic shifts. This study seeks to determine how Landsat images combined with Digital Orthoquads (DOQs) can be used to examine the geographic distribution of western juniper. Satellite imagery has yet to be applied to the large scale mapping of western juniper aforestation, resulting in the lack of regional and landscape level monitoring of western juniper range expansion. Remote sensing technologies, when combined with geographical information systems provide potentially valuable tools for monitoring western juniper expansion because of their abilities to assess large scale coverage of scenes, high cost effectiveness, and minimal field crew requirements. The two main objectives of my research are to review and summarize current literature regarding western juniper expansion and explore how remote sensing techniques may be used to quantify the expansion of the species. The results of my studies suggest that large patches of western juniper are detectable using Landsat imagery. Close

• 22. [Article] Multi-spatial scale representation of landscape transitions using landsat thematic mapper data and scale-space filters

  This thesis considered current approaches to describing landscape pattern, identified scale issues associated with defining objects, and explored techniques to reliably group elements based on land cover ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Multi-spatial scale representation of landscape transitions using landsat thematic mapper data and scale-space filters Author: Lindeman, Dale R. This thesis considered current approaches to describing landscape pattern, identified scale issues associated with defining objects, and explored techniques to reliably group elements based on land cover as represented by satellite imagery. It was recognized that there is an important need to develop tools that can be applied using remotely sensed data to objectively identify landscape features at multiple spatial scales. The thesis focused on the potential for the use of specific digital image processing techniques to objectively generate multi-scale landscape heterogeneity models from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite imagery. An approach using Difference-of-Gaussian (DoG) scale-space filters was used to process TM satellite data, transformed into the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), to define discrete landscape units across a range of scales. A series of Difference-of-Gaussian filters, with standard deviation (a) pairs of 0.9 and 1.1, 0.8 and 1.2, and 0.7 and 1.3, was applied to TM data. Results were compared against published ecoregion classifications and aerial orthophotography. These comparisons showed that the applied filters failed to accurately define landscape elements at a range of spatial scales. Filter size was found to be highly sensitive to the resolution of the image and object boundaries were maldelineated when complex boundary combinations were encountered. A modified approach using Gaussian/Difference-of-Gaussian or GaussianlLaplacian filter combinations and an alternate approach of watershed segmentation were recommended as potential techniques to test in further study. Future study should also include statistical approaches to aggregate zones and relate delineated zones to an actual, on-the-ground physiognomic classification scheme. Title: Multi-spatial scale representation of landscape transitions using landsat thematic mapper data and scale-space filters Author: Lindeman, Dale R. This thesis considered current approaches to describing landscape pattern, identified scale issues associated with defining objects, and explored techniques to reliably group elements based on land cover as represented by satellite imagery. It was recognized that there is an important need to develop tools that can be applied using remotely sensed data to objectively identify landscape features at multiple spatial scales. The thesis focused on the potential for the use of specific digital image processing techniques to objectively generate multi-scale landscape heterogeneity models from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite imagery. An approach using Difference-of-Gaussian (DoG) scale-space filters was used to process TM satellite data, transformed into the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), to define discrete landscape units across a range of scales. A series of Difference-of-Gaussian filters, with standard deviation (a) pairs of 0.9 and 1.1, 0.8 and 1.2, and 0.7 and 1.3, was applied to TM data. Results were compared against published ecoregion classifications and aerial orthophotography. These comparisons showed that the applied filters failed to accurately define landscape elements at a range of spatial scales. Filter size was found to be highly sensitive to the resolution of the image and object boundaries were maldelineated when complex boundary combinations were encountered. A modified approach using Gaussian/Difference-of-Gaussian or GaussianlLaplacian filter combinations and an alternate approach of watershed segmentation were recommended as potential techniques to test in further study. Future study should also include statistical approaches to aggregate zones and relate delineated zones to an actual, on-the-ground physiognomic classification scheme. Close

• 23. [Article] Distribution and prediction of Swiss needle cast of Douglas-fir in coastal Oregon

  This study was directed to improve our understanding of the ecology of Swiss needle cast (SNC) of Douglas-fir, a disease that produces extensive damage to forests and plantation in the coastal region of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Distribution and prediction of Swiss needle cast of Douglas-fir in coastal Oregon Author: Rosso, Pablo H. This study was directed to improve our understanding of the ecology of Swiss needle cast (SNC) of Douglas-fir, a disease that produces extensive damage to forests and plantation in the coastal region of Oregon and Washington. A disease prediction model for the coastal area of Oregon was built by establishing the relationship between the distribution of disease severity and the environment. Currently available methods of determining the distribution of SNC were analyzed, and the possibility of mapping the disease using Landsat TM satellite images was explored. Two types of regression approaches were used to study the relationship between disease severity and climate, topography, soil and forest stand characteristics. Although both types provided useful information and insight, the multiple regression approach was chosen over the regression tree analysis to build the model, due to its capacity to produce a continuous prediction response. Fog occurrence, precipitation, temperature, elevation and slope aspect, were the variables that contributed to explain most of the disease severity variability. Findings agree with and formalize our previous understanding of the ecology of SNC: cool and wet conditions in summer appear to increase disease severity. When the model was applied to past climate conditions, retrospective predictions suggest that changes in climate in the last two decades could help to explain the observed recent regional increase in SNC disease severity. The resulting model was used to construct a disease prediction map. This map showed an accuracy equivalent to the currently available SNC aerial survey. The prediction model, however, is able to produce a continuous prediction surface, more suitable for testing and appropriate for assisting in disease management and research. A strong relationship between mature stand canopy defoliation and the Landsat TM indices greenness and brightness, indicates that it is possible to use satellite imagery to map SNC. In contrast, young stands showed high variability, most likely due to the relatively high proportion of exposed understory vegetation. The possibility of mapping stand defoliation is of great importance because this symptom can be directly linked to tree growth and forest productivity. Satellite imagery can be used in future and in retrospective disease mapping. Title: Distribution and prediction of Swiss needle cast of Douglas-fir in coastal Oregon Author: Rosso, Pablo H. This study was directed to improve our understanding of the ecology of Swiss needle cast (SNC) of Douglas-fir, a disease that produces extensive damage to forests and plantation in the coastal region of Oregon and Washington. A disease prediction model for the coastal area of Oregon was built by establishing the relationship between the distribution of disease severity and the environment. Currently available methods of determining the distribution of SNC were analyzed, and the possibility of mapping the disease using Landsat TM satellite images was explored. Two types of regression approaches were used to study the relationship between disease severity and climate, topography, soil and forest stand characteristics. Although both types provided useful information and insight, the multiple regression approach was chosen over the regression tree analysis to build the model, due to its capacity to produce a continuous prediction response. Fog occurrence, precipitation, temperature, elevation and slope aspect, were the variables that contributed to explain most of the disease severity variability. Findings agree with and formalize our previous understanding of the ecology of SNC: cool and wet conditions in summer appear to increase disease severity. When the model was applied to past climate conditions, retrospective predictions suggest that changes in climate in the last two decades could help to explain the observed recent regional increase in SNC disease severity. The resulting model was used to construct a disease prediction map. This map showed an accuracy equivalent to the currently available SNC aerial survey. The prediction model, however, is able to produce a continuous prediction surface, more suitable for testing and appropriate for assisting in disease management and research. A strong relationship between mature stand canopy defoliation and the Landsat TM indices greenness and brightness, indicates that it is possible to use satellite imagery to map SNC. In contrast, young stands showed high variability, most likely due to the relatively high proportion of exposed understory vegetation. The possibility of mapping stand defoliation is of great importance because this symptom can be directly linked to tree growth and forest productivity. Satellite imagery can be used in future and in retrospective disease mapping. Close

• 24. [Article] Urban development in coastal Oregon : discrete-choice estimation with spatial autocorrelation

  Development along the Oregon coast is continuing in areas that are known to be hazardous, in spite of strict zoning and other laws. The coast commonly sees erosion that can wash away cliffs and undermine ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban development in coastal Oregon : discrete-choice estimation with spatial autocorrelation Author: Todd, Maribeth Development along the Oregon coast is continuing in areas that are known to be hazardous, in spite of strict zoning and other laws. The coast commonly sees erosion that can wash away cliffs and undermine structures as well as accretion that can bury houses in sand. However the much more acute risk is the potential for a tsunami triggered by an earthquake in the ocean. This paper examines the factors influencing development along the Oregon coast using satellite imagery and other spatial data. An econometric model for land use change at the pixel level is developed. The scale at which the data (satellite imagery) are collected is different from the scale at which development occurs, leading to spatial correlation among pixels that are geographically close to each other. Estimating a standard probit model in this case leads to parameter estimates that are inconsistent. Incorporating a spatial lag of the dependent variable will account for the spatial autocorrelation but makes maximum likelihood estimation nearly impossible so a Bayesian approach is used instead. A Gibb's sampling algorithm is implemented to estimate the conditional distribution of each parameter in the model, from which parameter estimates can be derived. The Bayesian spatial probit estimation is very computationally intensive however the results indicate that the spatial lag is a crucial part of the model. This approach also allows projections of the spatial pattern of future development, unlike estimation methods that sample the data to remove autocorrelation among observations. The spatial lag model is then used to project future development patterns in several regions along the Oregon coast and explore potential applications of this projection model. In particular, predicted development patterns in the tsunami hazard zone are examined in the Waldport area, on the central coast of Oregon. Title: Urban development in coastal Oregon : discrete-choice estimation with spatial autocorrelation Author: Todd, Maribeth Development along the Oregon coast is continuing in areas that are known to be hazardous, in spite of strict zoning and other laws. The coast commonly sees erosion that can wash away cliffs and undermine structures as well as accretion that can bury houses in sand. However the much more acute risk is the potential for a tsunami triggered by an earthquake in the ocean. This paper examines the factors influencing development along the Oregon coast using satellite imagery and other spatial data. An econometric model for land use change at the pixel level is developed. The scale at which the data (satellite imagery) are collected is different from the scale at which development occurs, leading to spatial correlation among pixels that are geographically close to each other. Estimating a standard probit model in this case leads to parameter estimates that are inconsistent. Incorporating a spatial lag of the dependent variable will account for the spatial autocorrelation but makes maximum likelihood estimation nearly impossible so a Bayesian approach is used instead. A Gibb's sampling algorithm is implemented to estimate the conditional distribution of each parameter in the model, from which parameter estimates can be derived. The Bayesian spatial probit estimation is very computationally intensive however the results indicate that the spatial lag is a crucial part of the model. This approach also allows projections of the spatial pattern of future development, unlike estimation methods that sample the data to remove autocorrelation among observations. The spatial lag model is then used to project future development patterns in several regions along the Oregon coast and explore potential applications of this projection model. In particular, predicted development patterns in the tsunami hazard zone are examined in the Waldport area, on the central coast of Oregon. Close

• 25. [Article] Effect of riparian areas on the ecological condition of small, perennial streams in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley : research plan, June 1997

  Little research has been directed toward determining the status and ecological role of riparian areas in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley, Oregon. A research project has been designed to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effect of riparian areas on the ecological condition of small, perennial streams in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley : research plan, June 1997 Author: Moser, Thomas J., Schuft, Michael J., Wigington, P.J., Herlihy, Alan T., Van Sickle, John, Kaufmann, Phillip R., McAllister, Lynne S. Little research has been directed toward determining the status and ecological role of riparian areas in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley, Oregon. A research project has been designed to contribute to the development and evaluation of alternative future scenarios and to improve the basic understanding of the role of riparian areas on the ecological condition of small, perennial streams in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley. The objectives of the research are: (1) to quantify relationships between riparian attributes at varying spatial scales and stream ecological condition, and (2) to estimate the influence of selected riparian area-agricultural configurations on the indicators of stream ecological condition. To address these objectives, remotely-sensed imagery (aerial photography and thematic mapper satellite imagery) will be used to quantify land cover at multiple spatial scales (i.e., stream reach, stream network, watershed), from which riparian vegetation function, land use stressor, and stream network structure indicators (i.e., potential explanatory variables) are derived for 41 study watersheds. Title: Effect of riparian areas on the ecological condition of small, perennial streams in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley : research plan, June 1997 Author: Moser, Thomas J., Schuft, Michael J., Wigington, P.J., Herlihy, Alan T., Van Sickle, John, Kaufmann, Phillip R., McAllister, Lynne S. Little research has been directed toward determining the status and ecological role of riparian areas in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley, Oregon. A research project has been designed to contribute to the development and evaluation of alternative future scenarios and to improve the basic understanding of the role of riparian areas on the ecological condition of small, perennial streams in agricultural landscapes of the Willamette Valley. The objectives of the research are: (1) to quantify relationships between riparian attributes at varying spatial scales and stream ecological condition, and (2) to estimate the influence of selected riparian area-agricultural configurations on the indicators of stream ecological condition. To address these objectives, remotely-sensed imagery (aerial photography and thematic mapper satellite imagery) will be used to quantify land cover at multiple spatial scales (i.e., stream reach, stream network, watershed), from which riparian vegetation function, land use stressor, and stream network structure indicators (i.e., potential explanatory variables) are derived for 41 study watersheds. Close

• 26. [Article] Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for Engineering Inspections and Geospatial Mapping

  Small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) carrying consumer-grade nonmetric cameras are increasingly utilized to generate high-resolution 3D geospatial data. Low cost, ease of operation, widespread availability ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for Engineering Inspections and Geospatial Mapping Author: Javadnejad, Farid Small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) carrying consumer-grade nonmetric cameras are increasingly utilized to generate high-resolution 3D geospatial data. Low cost, ease of operation, widespread availability and low altitude maneuvering capabilities of UAS, as well as the rapid development of technology and methods, make UAS-based photogrammetry applicable to many civil engineering applications such as visualization, 3D mapping, progress monitoring, construction, structural inspection, maintenance, and monitoring. Using computer vision techniques, Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS), it is possible to reconstruct 3D scenes from inexpensive, consumer-grade cameras mounted on a UAS. Despite the increasing popularity of UAS, significant research questions remain regarding the accuracy of UAS-based mapping products. In addition, new tools and methods are required to manage and process the vast amount of data generated by UAS. This research explores several novel approaches to address some of these needs in the field of UAS-based photogrammetry. First, a new approach is developed for supplementing the 3D point clouds derived from UAS imagery with thermal infrared (TIR) imagery. Currently, there are several challenges for reconstructing accurate 3D scenes or point clouds solely from overlapping TIR imagery. For instance, consumer-grade TIR cameras have relatively low resolution and a narrow field view; moreover, such cameras usually generate images with blurred edges and textures. An approach is proposed and evaluated for generating 3D TIR-RGB point clouds utilizing coacquired TIR and RGB images. First, a 3D point cloud is generated using the RGB images; afterward, the TIR data is attributed to the 3D point cloud using a boresight technique. Using the proposed approach, dense point clouds are generated that contain both RGB and TIR information. Such an approach can be beneficial for many thermal mapping and inspection projects, including heat loss inspection, non-destructive testing of structures, and electrical parts inspection for power transmission. Second, the research examines the feasibility of utilizing UAS-based photogrammetry for detecting the change of above-ground pipelines. Since it is inexpensive to fly, UAS are ideal for inspecting, monitoring, and detecting changes in the sites over time. In the researched approach, repetitive UAS flights were conducted to derive 3D digital terrain models in order to detect and measure the movement of pipelines in the scene. The results are compared with displacement measurements taken from conventional ground surveys using real-time kinematic (RTK) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers and total stations. Thirdly, this study introduces new dense point cloud quality factors (DPQF) to use as proxy indicators for assessing the accuracy of SfM-MVS dense point clouds. Simulated and empirical experiments are used to assess the accuracy of image-based 3D reconstructed models with respect to different data collection and site condition scenarios. The spatial correlation between the DPQFs and the reconstruction error is investigated and interpreted for multiple experiments. The results of this study show that the DPQF can be a helpful additional field of information for 3D point clouds. Last, this research introduces a new web GIS tool, named BridgeDex, for management of time-aware series of high-resolution bridge inspection images, such as images collected from handheld digital cameras or cameras on UAS. This tool can be used to manage and query bridge inspection images, bridge reports, and other relevant metadata. This web-based prototype provides the user a simple interface for viewing, panning and zooming in and out of bridge imagery collected over the years as a result of numerous bridge inspections. The tool provides the user an intuitive, organized method for evaluating and managing bridge inspection data. Title: Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for Engineering Inspections and Geospatial Mapping Author: Javadnejad, Farid Small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) carrying consumer-grade nonmetric cameras are increasingly utilized to generate high-resolution 3D geospatial data. Low cost, ease of operation, widespread availability and low altitude maneuvering capabilities of UAS, as well as the rapid development of technology and methods, make UAS-based photogrammetry applicable to many civil engineering applications such as visualization, 3D mapping, progress monitoring, construction, structural inspection, maintenance, and monitoring. Using computer vision techniques, Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS), it is possible to reconstruct 3D scenes from inexpensive, consumer-grade cameras mounted on a UAS. Despite the increasing popularity of UAS, significant research questions remain regarding the accuracy of UAS-based mapping products. In addition, new tools and methods are required to manage and process the vast amount of data generated by UAS. This research explores several novel approaches to address some of these needs in the field of UAS-based photogrammetry. First, a new approach is developed for supplementing the 3D point clouds derived from UAS imagery with thermal infrared (TIR) imagery. Currently, there are several challenges for reconstructing accurate 3D scenes or point clouds solely from overlapping TIR imagery. For instance, consumer-grade TIR cameras have relatively low resolution and a narrow field view; moreover, such cameras usually generate images with blurred edges and textures. An approach is proposed and evaluated for generating 3D TIR-RGB point clouds utilizing coacquired TIR and RGB images. First, a 3D point cloud is generated using the RGB images; afterward, the TIR data is attributed to the 3D point cloud using a boresight technique. Using the proposed approach, dense point clouds are generated that contain both RGB and TIR information. Such an approach can be beneficial for many thermal mapping and inspection projects, including heat loss inspection, non-destructive testing of structures, and electrical parts inspection for power transmission. Second, the research examines the feasibility of utilizing UAS-based photogrammetry for detecting the change of above-ground pipelines. Since it is inexpensive to fly, UAS are ideal for inspecting, monitoring, and detecting changes in the sites over time. In the researched approach, repetitive UAS flights were conducted to derive 3D digital terrain models in order to detect and measure the movement of pipelines in the scene. The results are compared with displacement measurements taken from conventional ground surveys using real-time kinematic (RTK) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers and total stations. Thirdly, this study introduces new dense point cloud quality factors (DPQF) to use as proxy indicators for assessing the accuracy of SfM-MVS dense point clouds. Simulated and empirical experiments are used to assess the accuracy of image-based 3D reconstructed models with respect to different data collection and site condition scenarios. The spatial correlation between the DPQFs and the reconstruction error is investigated and interpreted for multiple experiments. The results of this study show that the DPQF can be a helpful additional field of information for 3D point clouds. Last, this research introduces a new web GIS tool, named BridgeDex, for management of time-aware series of high-resolution bridge inspection images, such as images collected from handheld digital cameras or cameras on UAS. This tool can be used to manage and query bridge inspection images, bridge reports, and other relevant metadata. This web-based prototype provides the user a simple interface for viewing, panning and zooming in and out of bridge imagery collected over the years as a result of numerous bridge inspections. The tool provides the user an intuitive, organized method for evaluating and managing bridge inspection data. Close

• 27. [Article] American Belly Dance and the Invention of the New Exotic: Orientalism, Feminism, and Popular Culture

  Belly dance classes have become increasingly popular in recent decades in the United States. Many of the predominantly white, middle-class American women who belly dance proclaim that it is a source of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: American Belly Dance and the Invention of the New Exotic: Orientalism, Feminism, and Popular Culture Author: Haynes-Clark, Jennifer Lynn Year: 2010 Belly dance classes have become increasingly popular in recent decades in the United States. Many of the predominantly white, middle-class American women who belly dance proclaim that it is a source of feminist identity and empowerment that brings deeper meaning to their lives. American practitioners of this art form commonly explain that it originated from ritual-based dances of ancient Middle Eastern cultures and regard their participation as a link in a continuous lineage of female dancers. In contrast to the stigmatization and marginalization of public dance performers in the Middle East today, the favorable meaning that American dancers attribute to belly dance may indicate an imagined history of this dance. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted on the West Coast of the United States and Morocco in 2008-2009, I explore American belly dance utilizing theoretical contributions from feminism, Foucauldian discourse analysis, and postmodernism. I argue that an anthropological investigation of American belly dance reveals that its imagery and concepts draw from a larger discourse of Orientalism, connected to a colonial legacy that defines West against East, a process of othering that continues to inform global politics and perpetuates cultural imperialism. But the creative identity construction that American women explore through belly dance is a multi-layered and complex process. I disrupt the binary assumptions of Orientalist thinking, highlighting the heterogeneity and dynamic quality of this dance community and exploring emergent types of American belly dance. Rather than pretending to be the exotic Other, American belly dancers are inventing a new exotic Self. This cultural anthropological study contributes to a greater understanding of identity and society by demonstrating ways that American belly dancers act as agents, creatively and strategically utilizing discursive motifs to accomplish social and personal goals. Title: American Belly Dance and the Invention of the New Exotic: Orientalism, Feminism, and Popular Culture Author: Haynes-Clark, Jennifer Lynn Year: 2010 Belly dance classes have become increasingly popular in recent decades in the United States. Many of the predominantly white, middle-class American women who belly dance proclaim that it is a source of feminist identity and empowerment that brings deeper meaning to their lives. American practitioners of this art form commonly explain that it originated from ritual-based dances of ancient Middle Eastern cultures and regard their participation as a link in a continuous lineage of female dancers. In contrast to the stigmatization and marginalization of public dance performers in the Middle East today, the favorable meaning that American dancers attribute to belly dance may indicate an imagined history of this dance. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted on the West Coast of the United States and Morocco in 2008-2009, I explore American belly dance utilizing theoretical contributions from feminism, Foucauldian discourse analysis, and postmodernism. I argue that an anthropological investigation of American belly dance reveals that its imagery and concepts draw from a larger discourse of Orientalism, connected to a colonial legacy that defines West against East, a process of othering that continues to inform global politics and perpetuates cultural imperialism. But the creative identity construction that American women explore through belly dance is a multi-layered and complex process. I disrupt the binary assumptions of Orientalist thinking, highlighting the heterogeneity and dynamic quality of this dance community and exploring emergent types of American belly dance. Rather than pretending to be the exotic Other, American belly dancers are inventing a new exotic Self. This cultural anthropological study contributes to a greater understanding of identity and society by demonstrating ways that American belly dancers act as agents, creatively and strategically utilizing discursive motifs to accomplish social and personal goals. Close

• 28. [Article] "Style upon style": The Handmaid's Tale as a palimpsest of genres

  This thesis undertakes an examination of Margaret Atwood’s 1985 novel, The Handmaid’s Tale, as a layering of genres. A futuristic dystopia that imagines late twentieth-century America as having fallen ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "Style upon style": The Handmaid's Tale as a palimpsest of genres Author: Boulware, Taylor J. This thesis undertakes an examination of Margaret Atwood’s 1985 novel, The Handmaid’s Tale, as a layering of genres. A futuristic dystopia that imagines late twentieth-century America as having fallen into neo-Puritanism and totalitarianism following widespread infertility and violence, The Handmaid’s Tale invites contemplation of various forms of fundamentalism, radicalism, and sexual politics. Atwood’s use of palimpsestic imagery to convey a layered experience of time extends to the generic complexity of The Handmaid’s Tale. Using the image of the palimpsest as the controlling metaphor, I survey the ways in which the novel can be read as an historical novel, satire, and postmodern text, exploring the ways in which the novel embodies and extends the defining characteristics of each genre. These genres share the common trait of functioning as social commentary. Thus, an examination of the novel’s layering of genres works to provide greater insights into the ways in which Atwood is interrogating the mid-1980s cultural milieu to which she was responding and from which she was writing. Title: "Style upon style": The Handmaid's Tale as a palimpsest of genres Author: Boulware, Taylor J. This thesis undertakes an examination of Margaret Atwood’s 1985 novel, The Handmaid’s Tale, as a layering of genres. A futuristic dystopia that imagines late twentieth-century America as having fallen into neo-Puritanism and totalitarianism following widespread infertility and violence, The Handmaid’s Tale invites contemplation of various forms of fundamentalism, radicalism, and sexual politics. Atwood’s use of palimpsestic imagery to convey a layered experience of time extends to the generic complexity of The Handmaid’s Tale. Using the image of the palimpsest as the controlling metaphor, I survey the ways in which the novel can be read as an historical novel, satire, and postmodern text, exploring the ways in which the novel embodies and extends the defining characteristics of each genre. These genres share the common trait of functioning as social commentary. Thus, an examination of the novel’s layering of genres works to provide greater insights into the ways in which Atwood is interrogating the mid-1980s cultural milieu to which she was responding and from which she was writing. Close

• 29. [Article] Notions of Progress: The Framing of Women in the Arab Spring

  The Arab Spring marked a new age of international political participation and support, facilitated by the wide circulation of imagery via social and mass media. Many in the West found themselves in ideological ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Notions of Progress: The Framing of Women in the Arab Spring Author: Strait, Laura Year: 2014 The Arab Spring marked a new age of international political participation and support, facilitated by the wide circulation of imagery via social and mass media. Many in the West found themselves in ideological agreement with the political efforts of the protests, upholding the U.S. rhetorical tenets of democracy and freedom of speech. The visual framing of the Arab Spring in U.S. news media played a crucial role in forging this ideological consensus. My thesis focuses specifically on the visual framing of women in the Egyptian uprising by exploring the Western news portrayal of the presence of women in the Egyptian political sphere. In order to ground my assessment of Western perceptions, I conduct a content analysis of coverage of the Egyptian uprising protests from Getty and AP photography databases. My analysis is also supported and influenced by a rigorous theoretical foundation in framing theory, Orientalism, and postcolonial feminist theory. Title: Notions of Progress: The Framing of Women in the Arab Spring Author: Strait, Laura Year: 2014 The Arab Spring marked a new age of international political participation and support, facilitated by the wide circulation of imagery via social and mass media. Many in the West found themselves in ideological agreement with the political efforts of the protests, upholding the U.S. rhetorical tenets of democracy and freedom of speech. The visual framing of the Arab Spring in U.S. news media played a crucial role in forging this ideological consensus. My thesis focuses specifically on the visual framing of women in the Egyptian uprising by exploring the Western news portrayal of the presence of women in the Egyptian political sphere. In order to ground my assessment of Western perceptions, I conduct a content analysis of coverage of the Egyptian uprising protests from Getty and AP photography databases. My analysis is also supported and influenced by a rigorous theoretical foundation in framing theory, Orientalism, and postcolonial feminist theory. Close

• 30. [Article] Everything that Rises Must Converge: For Piano and Orchestra

  1 score (ix, 83 p.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Everything that Rises Must Converge: For Piano and Orchestra Author: Krause, Benjamin A., 1985- Year: 2010 1 score (ix, 83 p.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Title: Everything that Rises Must Converge: For Piano and Orchestra Author: Krause, Benjamin A., 1985- Year: 2010 1 score (ix, 83 p.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. Close