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• 1191. [Article] Tempo and Mode of Diversification in the Neotropical Fish Superfamily Anostomoidea (Ostariophysi: Characiformes)

  Neotropical characiform fishes form one of the most diverse freshwater ichthyofauna in the world. Knowledge of evolutionary processes that generated and maintain the immense characiform lineage and morphological ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tempo and Mode of Diversification in the Neotropical Fish Superfamily Anostomoidea (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) Author: Frable, Benjamin W. Neotropical characiform fishes form one of the most diverse freshwater ichthyofauna in the world. Knowledge of evolutionary processes that generated and maintain the immense characiform lineage and morphological diversity is still poorly understood. When did characiform lineages diversify? How have major geological and environmental changes affected diversification? Why are some clades seemingly more morphologically diverse than others? I examine the characiform superfamily Anostomoidea to address these broader questions of Neotropical diversification. The abundant Neotropical freshwater fish superfamily Anostomoidea contains two clades with seemingly disparate evolutionary strategies. The first group, the anostomids, represent ~150 species with a wide variety of body coloration, mouth position, tooth shape and trophic strategies ranging from generalist to herbivory to insectivory. The other major group, the families: Curimatidae, Chilodontidae and Prochilodontidae, contains around the same number of species but members are silvery with some pigmentation, have little variation in mouth position, possess reduced or no teeth and all feed mostly on detritus. The Prochilodontidae are some of the most abundant fish by biomass in South America and participate in mass-migrations for spawning and feeding. This group is characterized by low morphological diversity, large-body size and is generally resilient to small-scale vicariance barriers. As such, I use this widespread family to investigate the influence of large-scale paleoecological events, such as the rise of the Andean Eastern Cordilleras, on diversification of Neotropical fishes. I estimated the first time-calibrated molecular phylogeny for the family Prochilodontidae and compared diversification rate and events with known paleoecological events. Vicariance barriers and other events significantly impacted the historical biogeography of Prochilodontidae, supporting their role in generating the astounding diversity of Neotropical fishes. In the second part, I investigated whether the morphologically depauperate detritivore clade actually contains a high number of ecologically equivalent species or if they are diversifying in a previously unstudied manner. There is substantially more variation in the arrangement of the gill arches, which are used in processing food, within the detritivores than in the trophically-diverse anostomids. The two clades have evolved over similar amounts of time, but differ in how efficiently they developed new gill morphologies. Through cladogenesis, detritivorous lineages evolved significantly different morphologies more readily and potentially more frequently than the anostomids. The significant diversity and evolutionary pattern of detritivore gill arch shape indicates that selection is acting on how they process food and demonstrates that detritivory encompasses a spectrum of ecomorphological specialization. Title: Tempo and Mode of Diversification in the Neotropical Fish Superfamily Anostomoidea (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) Author: Frable, Benjamin W. Neotropical characiform fishes form one of the most diverse freshwater ichthyofauna in the world. Knowledge of evolutionary processes that generated and maintain the immense characiform lineage and morphological diversity is still poorly understood. When did characiform lineages diversify? How have major geological and environmental changes affected diversification? Why are some clades seemingly more morphologically diverse than others? I examine the characiform superfamily Anostomoidea to address these broader questions of Neotropical diversification. The abundant Neotropical freshwater fish superfamily Anostomoidea contains two clades with seemingly disparate evolutionary strategies. The first group, the anostomids, represent ~150 species with a wide variety of body coloration, mouth position, tooth shape and trophic strategies ranging from generalist to herbivory to insectivory. The other major group, the families: Curimatidae, Chilodontidae and Prochilodontidae, contains around the same number of species but members are silvery with some pigmentation, have little variation in mouth position, possess reduced or no teeth and all feed mostly on detritus. The Prochilodontidae are some of the most abundant fish by biomass in South America and participate in mass-migrations for spawning and feeding. This group is characterized by low morphological diversity, large-body size and is generally resilient to small-scale vicariance barriers. As such, I use this widespread family to investigate the influence of large-scale paleoecological events, such as the rise of the Andean Eastern Cordilleras, on diversification of Neotropical fishes. I estimated the first time-calibrated molecular phylogeny for the family Prochilodontidae and compared diversification rate and events with known paleoecological events. Vicariance barriers and other events significantly impacted the historical biogeography of Prochilodontidae, supporting their role in generating the astounding diversity of Neotropical fishes. In the second part, I investigated whether the morphologically depauperate detritivore clade actually contains a high number of ecologically equivalent species or if they are diversifying in a previously unstudied manner. There is substantially more variation in the arrangement of the gill arches, which are used in processing food, within the detritivores than in the trophically-diverse anostomids. The two clades have evolved over similar amounts of time, but differ in how efficiently they developed new gill morphologies. Through cladogenesis, detritivorous lineages evolved significantly different morphologies more readily and potentially more frequently than the anostomids. The significant diversity and evolutionary pattern of detritivore gill arch shape indicates that selection is acting on how they process food and demonstrates that detritivory encompasses a spectrum of ecomorphological specialization. Close

• 1192. [Article] Hydrothermal alteration and oil show at the Summer Coon intrusive center, Saguache County, Colorado

  The Summer Coon intrusive center is located seven miles north of Del Norte, Colorado, on the eastern edge of the San Juan Mountains. The intrusive center is the core of a dissected calcalkaline composite ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hydrothermal alteration and oil show at the Summer Coon intrusive center, Saguache County, Colorado Author: Loken, Trygve The Summer Coon intrusive center is located seven miles north of Del Norte, Colorado, on the eastern edge of the San Juan Mountains. The intrusive center is the core of a dissected calcalkaline composite volcano of middle Oligocene age. The Summer Coon rocks belong to the Conejos Formation which is the oldest unit in the eastern part of the San Juan volcanic field. The intrusive core is a composite stock of three fine- to mediumgrained rock types. The oldest stock, a texturally inhomogeneous diorite, is cut by numerous radial dikes and is intruded inthe center by a granodiorite porphyry and a rhyolitic vent breccia. The granodiorite porphyry and the vent breccia are part of a 2500-foot diameter central conduit, while the diorite occupies a two mile diameter stock of uncertain origin. Hydrothermal alteration at the Summer Coon intrusive core grades concentrically inward from a propylitic zone to an intermediate argillic zone. The intermediate argillic zone has scattered pods of quartz-sericite and vuggy silica replacement of the host. The zone of intermediate argillic alteration centers on the 2500- foot diameter central conduit and radial dikes of silicic composition. Alteration at the study area was caused by hot spring activity beneath the water table during the fumarolic stage of the volcano. The chemical process of alteration was hydrogen metasomatism, which caused variable hydrolytic decomposition of plagioclase feldspar and mafic minerals leading to the depletion of calcium, magnesium, manganese, nickel, and cobalt in the rocks. Metallization is related to the abundance of pyrite in veinlets and fractures. Centrally located molybdenum and lead anomalies, and weak peripheral zinc anomalies characterize surface geochemistry at the study area. A supergene oxidized cap zone 35 feet thick has created a superimposed effect upon hypogene alteration, and the more mobile elements have been leached from it. The favorable aspects of the Summer Coon intrusive area as a porphyry copper-molybdenum exploration target include the existence of a composite stock with concentric zonation of hydrothermal alteration assemblages, and centrally located molybdenum, lead, and IP anomalies, low resistivity, and low magnetic value zones. Unfavorable aspects include the lack of structures, the lack of peripheral lead, zinc, silver, and gold mineralization, and the great depth at which hypothetical zones of intense hydrothermal alteration and mineralization may be located. Tarry brownish-black petroleum was present in pyrite-coated fractures in cores from three diamond-drill holes. The petroleum was dated and is interpreted to have been locally generated from Cretaceous source rocks and to have migrated into the intrusive core after the cessation of hydrothermal activity. Title: Hydrothermal alteration and oil show at the Summer Coon intrusive center, Saguache County, Colorado Author: Loken, Trygve The Summer Coon intrusive center is located seven miles north of Del Norte, Colorado, on the eastern edge of the San Juan Mountains. The intrusive center is the core of a dissected calcalkaline composite volcano of middle Oligocene age. The Summer Coon rocks belong to the Conejos Formation which is the oldest unit in the eastern part of the San Juan volcanic field. The intrusive core is a composite stock of three fine- to mediumgrained rock types. The oldest stock, a texturally inhomogeneous diorite, is cut by numerous radial dikes and is intruded inthe center by a granodiorite porphyry and a rhyolitic vent breccia. The granodiorite porphyry and the vent breccia are part of a 2500-foot diameter central conduit, while the diorite occupies a two mile diameter stock of uncertain origin. Hydrothermal alteration at the Summer Coon intrusive core grades concentrically inward from a propylitic zone to an intermediate argillic zone. The intermediate argillic zone has scattered pods of quartz-sericite and vuggy silica replacement of the host. The zone of intermediate argillic alteration centers on the 2500- foot diameter central conduit and radial dikes of silicic composition. Alteration at the study area was caused by hot spring activity beneath the water table during the fumarolic stage of the volcano. The chemical process of alteration was hydrogen metasomatism, which caused variable hydrolytic decomposition of plagioclase feldspar and mafic minerals leading to the depletion of calcium, magnesium, manganese, nickel, and cobalt in the rocks. Metallization is related to the abundance of pyrite in veinlets and fractures. Centrally located molybdenum and lead anomalies, and weak peripheral zinc anomalies characterize surface geochemistry at the study area. A supergene oxidized cap zone 35 feet thick has created a superimposed effect upon hypogene alteration, and the more mobile elements have been leached from it. The favorable aspects of the Summer Coon intrusive area as a porphyry copper-molybdenum exploration target include the existence of a composite stock with concentric zonation of hydrothermal alteration assemblages, and centrally located molybdenum, lead, and IP anomalies, low resistivity, and low magnetic value zones. Unfavorable aspects include the lack of structures, the lack of peripheral lead, zinc, silver, and gold mineralization, and the great depth at which hypothetical zones of intense hydrothermal alteration and mineralization may be located. Tarry brownish-black petroleum was present in pyrite-coated fractures in cores from three diamond-drill holes. The petroleum was dated and is interpreted to have been locally generated from Cretaceous source rocks and to have migrated into the intrusive core after the cessation of hydrothermal activity. Close

• 1193. [Article] Effects of Construction of an Infiltration Gallery Water Intake (Permit ID No. 00-32) on Cow Creek on Umpqua River Cutthroat Trout and Oregon Coast Coho Salmon : Biological Opinion

  In a January 26, 2000 letter, the Portland District Army Corps of Engineers (COE) requested Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7 informal consultation with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of Construction of an Infiltration Gallery Water Intake (Permit ID No. 00-32) on Cow Creek on Umpqua River Cutthroat Trout and Oregon Coast Coho Salmon : Biological Opinion In a January 26, 2000 letter, the Portland District Army Corps of Engineers (COE) requested Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7 informal consultation with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) on the proposed issuance of a Clean Water Act Section 404 permit (Permit ID No. 00-32) to allow an instream construction project. The applicant for this permit, the City of Glendale (City) proposes to construct an infiltration gallery-type municipal water intake in Cow Creek, a tributary of the South Umpqua River in Douglas County, Oregon. The new water intake, which would be buried beneath the bed of the creek, would replace an existing screened intake in the creek which has deteriorated and which is thought to have insufficient capacity. The COE has proposed conditions on the permit that would lessen the adverse effects of the proposed actions on aquatic organisms. In the January 26 letter, the COE determined that the Umpqua River (UR) cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), listed as endangered under the ESA, and Oregon Coast (OC) coho salmon (O. kisutch), listed as threatened under the ESA, may occur within the project area, which has been proposed as critical habitat for these species. The COE also determined that these species may be affected by the proposed projects, but that individuals of the species would not be adversely affected. After review of the information provided by the COE and additional investigation, however, the NMFS concluded that more than a negligible likelihood of adverse effect to individuals of the listed species is likely because substantial in-water work is proposed during a period in which individuals of one or both species is likely to occur at and near the site. Based on this information, the COE agreed to modify its effect determination to likely to adversely affect. Title: Effects of Construction of an Infiltration Gallery Water Intake (Permit ID No. 00-32) on Cow Creek on Umpqua River Cutthroat Trout and Oregon Coast Coho Salmon : Biological Opinion In a January 26, 2000 letter, the Portland District Army Corps of Engineers (COE) requested Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7 informal consultation with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) on the proposed issuance of a Clean Water Act Section 404 permit (Permit ID No. 00-32) to allow an instream construction project. The applicant for this permit, the City of Glendale (City) proposes to construct an infiltration gallery-type municipal water intake in Cow Creek, a tributary of the South Umpqua River in Douglas County, Oregon. The new water intake, which would be buried beneath the bed of the creek, would replace an existing screened intake in the creek which has deteriorated and which is thought to have insufficient capacity. The COE has proposed conditions on the permit that would lessen the adverse effects of the proposed actions on aquatic organisms. In the January 26 letter, the COE determined that the Umpqua River (UR) cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), listed as endangered under the ESA, and Oregon Coast (OC) coho salmon (O. kisutch), listed as threatened under the ESA, may occur within the project area, which has been proposed as critical habitat for these species. The COE also determined that these species may be affected by the proposed projects, but that individuals of the species would not be adversely affected. After review of the information provided by the COE and additional investigation, however, the NMFS concluded that more than a negligible likelihood of adverse effect to individuals of the listed species is likely because substantial in-water work is proposed during a period in which individuals of one or both species is likely to occur at and near the site. Based on this information, the COE agreed to modify its effect determination to likely to adversely affect. Close

• 1194. [Article] Scientific Workshop to Inform the Columbia River Nearshore Beneficial Use Project

  In recent years, depletion of sands in the nearshore environment along the northern Oregon and southwest Washington coasts has been documented. This erosion raises concerns about protection of economic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Scientific Workshop to Inform the Columbia River Nearshore Beneficial Use Project Author: Institute for Natural Resources In recent years, depletion of sands in the nearshore environment along the northern Oregon and southwest Washington coasts has been documented. This erosion raises concerns about protection of economic and ecological resources in the area. The Columbia River Nearshore Beneficial Use Project was initiated to engage public and private sector participants in a collaborative process to explore the use of lower Columbia River maintenance dredge material to address the depletion of natural sand volumes in the nearshore environment off the South Jetty of the Columbia River. The objective of the proposed supplementation of dredged sediments is for these sediments to rebuild the offshore sands in the project area and, over the long term, better protect the South Jetty from wave impacts. This project is one of the activities of the Lower Columbia Solutions Group (LCSG). Convened by Governor Kulongoski of Oregon and former Governor Locke of Washington, the LCSG is a diverse group of local, state and federal stakeholders interested in and affected by dredge material disposal activities in the Lower Columbia River area. Stakeholders include crabbers, fishing interests, environmentalists, development interests, and local, state and federal government. The Nearshore Project group and the LCSG have requested that scientists with relevant expertise provide input about the current state of scientific understanding and research needs for topics pertinent to the Nearshore Beneficial Use Project. In response, the Institute for Natural Resources at OSU is co-hosting a Scientific Workshop to Inform the Columbia River Nearshore Beneficial Use Project. This two-day workshop is by-invitation-only. Day 1 of the workshop, which is being organized by INR, will focus on a discussion of scientific information about such topics as sediment migration, wave and current patterns, and biological communities in the project area. Day 2 of the workshop, hosted by the LCSG, will share the products from the previous day's scientific discussion--such as areas of scientific agreement, research and monitoring needed to address scientific unknowns, and key indicators for assessing impacts of a nearshore beneficial use project--with policymakers, resources practitioners, and interested stakeholders. Products and outcomes of the workshop will be used to help increase understanding about the state of knowledge and uncertainty regarding the nearshore environment and recommend effective policies and activities that will address concerns about resource protection in the area of interest. Title: Scientific Workshop to Inform the Columbia River Nearshore Beneficial Use Project Author: Institute for Natural Resources In recent years, depletion of sands in the nearshore environment along the northern Oregon and southwest Washington coasts has been documented. This erosion raises concerns about protection of economic and ecological resources in the area. The Columbia River Nearshore Beneficial Use Project was initiated to engage public and private sector participants in a collaborative process to explore the use of lower Columbia River maintenance dredge material to address the depletion of natural sand volumes in the nearshore environment off the South Jetty of the Columbia River. The objective of the proposed supplementation of dredged sediments is for these sediments to rebuild the offshore sands in the project area and, over the long term, better protect the South Jetty from wave impacts. This project is one of the activities of the Lower Columbia Solutions Group (LCSG). Convened by Governor Kulongoski of Oregon and former Governor Locke of Washington, the LCSG is a diverse group of local, state and federal stakeholders interested in and affected by dredge material disposal activities in the Lower Columbia River area. Stakeholders include crabbers, fishing interests, environmentalists, development interests, and local, state and federal government. The Nearshore Project group and the LCSG have requested that scientists with relevant expertise provide input about the current state of scientific understanding and research needs for topics pertinent to the Nearshore Beneficial Use Project. In response, the Institute for Natural Resources at OSU is co-hosting a Scientific Workshop to Inform the Columbia River Nearshore Beneficial Use Project. This two-day workshop is by-invitation-only. Day 1 of the workshop, which is being organized by INR, will focus on a discussion of scientific information about such topics as sediment migration, wave and current patterns, and biological communities in the project area. Day 2 of the workshop, hosted by the LCSG, will share the products from the previous day's scientific discussion--such as areas of scientific agreement, research and monitoring needed to address scientific unknowns, and key indicators for assessing impacts of a nearshore beneficial use project--with policymakers, resources practitioners, and interested stakeholders. Products and outcomes of the workshop will be used to help increase understanding about the state of knowledge and uncertainty regarding the nearshore environment and recommend effective policies and activities that will address concerns about resource protection in the area of interest. Close

• 1195. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2011

  Abstract -- We investigated several life-history characteristics of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) rearing in Detroit, Cougar and Lookout Point reservoirs to aid in the development ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2011 Abstract -- We investigated several life-history characteristics of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) rearing in Detroit, Cougar and Lookout Point reservoirs to aid in the development of downstream passage options for Willamette Valley Project dams. The study objectives were to provide information on the longitudinal and vertical distribution of juvenile Chinook rearing in reservoirs, relative growth rate, predator/prey interactions, and other population characteristics such as parasitic copepod infection rates. In addition, we tested the feasibility of various gear types and techniques for sampling juvenile Chinook salmon rearing in the nearshore reservoir environment. Information on the smoltification dynamics of juveniles in reservoirs was also collected and will be presented in a separate report when analysis is complete. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2011 Abstract -- We investigated several life-history characteristics of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) rearing in Detroit, Cougar and Lookout Point reservoirs to aid in the development of downstream passage options for Willamette Valley Project dams. The study objectives were to provide information on the longitudinal and vertical distribution of juvenile Chinook rearing in reservoirs, relative growth rate, predator/prey interactions, and other population characteristics such as parasitic copepod infection rates. In addition, we tested the feasibility of various gear types and techniques for sampling juvenile Chinook salmon rearing in the nearshore reservoir environment. Information on the smoltification dynamics of juveniles in reservoirs was also collected and will be presented in a separate report when analysis is complete. Close

• 1196. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2012

  Abstract -- We investigated several life-history characteristics of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha rearing in Detroit, Cougar and Lookout Point reservoirs to aid in the development ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2012 Abstract -- We investigated several life-history characteristics of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha rearing in Detroit, Cougar and Lookout Point reservoirs to aid in the development of downstream passage options for Willamette Valley Project (WVP) dams. The study objectives were to provide information on the longitudinal and vertical distribution of juvenile Chinook salmon rearing in reservoirs, relative growth rates among subbasins and between streams and reservoirs, parasitic copepod infection prevalence and intensity, and predator-prey interactions in Lookout Point Reservoir. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2012 Abstract -- We investigated several life-history characteristics of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha rearing in Detroit, Cougar and Lookout Point reservoirs to aid in the development of downstream passage options for Willamette Valley Project (WVP) dams. The study objectives were to provide information on the longitudinal and vertical distribution of juvenile Chinook salmon rearing in reservoirs, relative growth rates among subbasins and between streams and reservoirs, parasitic copepod infection prevalence and intensity, and predator-prey interactions in Lookout Point Reservoir. Close

• 1197. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2013

  Abstract -- In this report we investigate aspects of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha life-history and rearing in select Willamette Valley Project (WVP) reservoirs to aid in the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2013 Abstract -- In this report we investigate aspects of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha life-history and rearing in select Willamette Valley Project (WVP) reservoirs to aid in the development of downstream passage options. In the first section, we assess the distribution of juvenile Chinook salmon in reservoirs. We provide information on the longitudinal distribution (head-of-reservoir to dam) of subyearlings in Detroit, Foster, Cougar, and Lookout Point reservoirs during spring. We also initiated a pilot study investigating longitudinal distribution of fall parr in Lookout Point Reservoir. We investigated changes in vertical distribution from July through November in Detroit and Lookout Point reservoirs. The second section compares growth rates between stream-rearing and reservoir-rearing subyearling Chinook salmon. We compare subyearling growth rates in all reservoirs listed above and Fall Creek Reservoir. In the third section, our objective was to assess and compare the infection prevalence and intensity of the parasitic copepod Salmincola califoriensis in salmonid species rearing in reservoirs and streams. In the fourth section, we assess fish species composition and predation rates on juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead O. mykiss by predator species in Foster Reservoir. Finally, we assessed predator species abundance in Lookout Point Reservoir. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2013 Abstract -- In this report we investigate aspects of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha life-history and rearing in select Willamette Valley Project (WVP) reservoirs to aid in the development of downstream passage options. In the first section, we assess the distribution of juvenile Chinook salmon in reservoirs. We provide information on the longitudinal distribution (head-of-reservoir to dam) of subyearlings in Detroit, Foster, Cougar, and Lookout Point reservoirs during spring. We also initiated a pilot study investigating longitudinal distribution of fall parr in Lookout Point Reservoir. We investigated changes in vertical distribution from July through November in Detroit and Lookout Point reservoirs. The second section compares growth rates between stream-rearing and reservoir-rearing subyearling Chinook salmon. We compare subyearling growth rates in all reservoirs listed above and Fall Creek Reservoir. In the third section, our objective was to assess and compare the infection prevalence and intensity of the parasitic copepod Salmincola califoriensis in salmonid species rearing in reservoirs and streams. In the fourth section, we assess fish species composition and predation rates on juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead O. mykiss by predator species in Foster Reservoir. Finally, we assessed predator species abundance in Lookout Point Reservoir. Close

• 1198. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2014

  Abstract -- In this report we investigate several aspects of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha life history and rearing in select Willamette Valley Project (WVP) reservoirs to aid ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2014 Abstract -- In this report we investigate several aspects of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha life history and rearing in select Willamette Valley Project (WVP) reservoirs to aid in the development of downstream passage options. In the first section, we assess the distribution of juvenile Chinook salmon in reservoirs. We provide information on the longitudinal distribution (head-of-reservoir to dam) in the spring of subyearlings in Foster, Cougar, and Lookout Point reservoirs. We continued assessing subyearling parr distribution in Lookout Point Reservoir through the summer and fall. The second section compares fish size and growth rates between stream-rearing and reservoir-rearing subyearling Chinook salmon. We compare subyearling growth rates in Detroit, Cougar, Lookout Point, and Fall Creek reservoirs. In the third section, we compare the infection prevalence and intensity by the parasitic copepod Salmincola californiensis among salmonid species rearing in reservoirs and streams. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Reservoir Research 2014 Abstract -- In this report we investigate several aspects of juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha life history and rearing in select Willamette Valley Project (WVP) reservoirs to aid in the development of downstream passage options. In the first section, we assess the distribution of juvenile Chinook salmon in reservoirs. We provide information on the longitudinal distribution (head-of-reservoir to dam) in the spring of subyearlings in Foster, Cougar, and Lookout Point reservoirs. We continued assessing subyearling parr distribution in Lookout Point Reservoir through the summer and fall. The second section compares fish size and growth rates between stream-rearing and reservoir-rearing subyearling Chinook salmon. We compare subyearling growth rates in Detroit, Cougar, Lookout Point, and Fall Creek reservoirs. In the third section, we compare the infection prevalence and intensity by the parasitic copepod Salmincola californiensis among salmonid species rearing in reservoirs and streams. Close

• 1199. [Article] Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Steelhead Outmigration 2010 Annual Report - Pilot Study

  Abstract -- We operated 5-ft rotary screw traps upstream, near the head of Detroit, Foster, Cougar and Lookout Point reservoirs in order to collect spring Chinook salmon migrant information needed for ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Steelhead Outmigration 2010 Annual Report - Pilot Study Abstract -- We operated 5-ft rotary screw traps upstream, near the head of Detroit, Foster, Cougar and Lookout Point reservoirs in order to collect spring Chinook salmon migrant information needed for the development of juvenile downstream passage options. The study objectives were to provide information on migration timing, size of migrants, and abundance of juvenile Chinook salmon and winter steelhead entering project reservoirs. Traps were located on the Breitenbush and North Santiam rivers upstream of Detroit Reservoir, the South Santiam River upstream of Foster Reservoir, the South Fork McKenzie River above Cougar Reservoir, and the Middle Fork Willamette River above Lookout Point Reservoir. Title: Willamette Biological Opinion Chinook Steelhead Outmigration 2010 Annual Report - Pilot Study Abstract -- We operated 5-ft rotary screw traps upstream, near the head of Detroit, Foster, Cougar and Lookout Point reservoirs in order to collect spring Chinook salmon migrant information needed for the development of juvenile downstream passage options. The study objectives were to provide information on migration timing, size of migrants, and abundance of juvenile Chinook salmon and winter steelhead entering project reservoirs. Traps were located on the Breitenbush and North Santiam rivers upstream of Detroit Reservoir, the South Santiam River upstream of Foster Reservoir, the South Fork McKenzie River above Cougar Reservoir, and the Middle Fork Willamette River above Lookout Point Reservoir. Close

• 1200. [Article] Grande Ronde Basin Spring Chinook Salmon Captive Broodstock Program 1995-2002 project status report

  Abstract -- The Grande Ronde Basin once supported large runs of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and estimated peak escapements in excess of 10,000 occurred as recently as the late 1950’s (U.S. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Grande Ronde Basin Spring Chinook Salmon Captive Broodstock Program 1995-2002 project status report Abstract -- The Grande Ronde Basin once supported large runs of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and estimated peak escapements in excess of 10,000 occurred as recently as the late 1950’s (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1975). Natural escapement declines in the Grande Ronde Basin have been severe and parallel those of other Snake River populations. Reduced productivity has primarily been attributed to increased mortality associated with downstream and upstream migration past eight dams and reservoirs in the Snake and Columbia rivers. Reduced spawner numbers, combined with human manipulation of previously important spawning and rearing habitat in the Grande Ronde Basin, have resulted in decreased spawning distribution and population fragmentation of chinook salmon in the Grande Ronde Basin (Figure 1; Table 1). Escapement of spring/summer chinook salmon in the Snake River basin included 1,799 adults in 1995, less than half of the previous record low of 3,913 adults in 1994. Catherine Creek, Grande Ronde River and Lostine River were historically three of the most productive populations in the Grande Ronde Basin (Carmichael and Boyce 1986). However, productivity of these populations has been poor for recent brood years. Escapement (based on total redd counts) in Catherine Creek and Grande Ronde and Lostine rivers dropped to alarmingly low levels in 1994 and 1995. A total of 11, 3 and 16 redds were observed in 1994 in Catherine Creek, upper Grande Ronde River and Lostine River, respectively, and 14, 6 and 11 redds were observed in those same streams in 1995. In contrast, the maximum number of redds observed in the past was 505 in Catherine Creek (1971), 304 in the Grande Ronde River (1968) and 261 in 1956 in the Lostine River (Tranquilli et al 2003). Redd counts for index count areas (a standardized portion of the total stream) have also decreased dramatically for most Grande Ronde Basin streams from 1964 - 2002, dropping to as low as 37 redds in the 119.5 km in the index survey areas in 1995 from as high as 1,205 redds in the same area in 1969 (Table 1). All streams reached low points (0-6 redds in the index areas) in the 1990's, except those in which no redds were found for several years and surveys were discontinued, such as Spring, Sheep and Indian creeks which had a total of 109 redds in 1969. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Title: Grande Ronde Basin Spring Chinook Salmon Captive Broodstock Program 1995-2002 project status report Abstract -- The Grande Ronde Basin once supported large runs of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and estimated peak escapements in excess of 10,000 occurred as recently as the late 1950’s (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1975). Natural escapement declines in the Grande Ronde Basin have been severe and parallel those of other Snake River populations. Reduced productivity has primarily been attributed to increased mortality associated with downstream and upstream migration past eight dams and reservoirs in the Snake and Columbia rivers. Reduced spawner numbers, combined with human manipulation of previously important spawning and rearing habitat in the Grande Ronde Basin, have resulted in decreased spawning distribution and population fragmentation of chinook salmon in the Grande Ronde Basin (Figure 1; Table 1). Escapement of spring/summer chinook salmon in the Snake River basin included 1,799 adults in 1995, less than half of the previous record low of 3,913 adults in 1994. Catherine Creek, Grande Ronde River and Lostine River were historically three of the most productive populations in the Grande Ronde Basin (Carmichael and Boyce 1986). However, productivity of these populations has been poor for recent brood years. Escapement (based on total redd counts) in Catherine Creek and Grande Ronde and Lostine rivers dropped to alarmingly low levels in 1994 and 1995. A total of 11, 3 and 16 redds were observed in 1994 in Catherine Creek, upper Grande Ronde River and Lostine River, respectively, and 14, 6 and 11 redds were observed in those same streams in 1995. In contrast, the maximum number of redds observed in the past was 505 in Catherine Creek (1971), 304 in the Grande Ronde River (1968) and 261 in 1956 in the Lostine River (Tranquilli et al 2003). Redd counts for index count areas (a standardized portion of the total stream) have also decreased dramatically for most Grande Ronde Basin streams from 1964 - 2002, dropping to as low as 37 redds in the 119.5 km in the index survey areas in 1995 from as high as 1,205 redds in the same area in 1969 (Table 1). All streams reached low points (0-6 redds in the index areas) in the 1990's, except those in which no redds were found for several years and surveys were discontinued, such as Spring, Sheep and Indian creeks which had a total of 109 redds in 1969. Lower Snake River Compensation Plan (LSRCP) ODFW- Eastern Oregon Fish Research (EOFR) Close