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• 971. [Article] Being Human: How Four Animals Forever Changed The Way We Live, What We Believe, And Who We Think We Are

  Our lives would not be what they are today without animals. From the food we eat, to the clothes we wear, animals provide tangible evidence of their importance every day. But more than that, animals have ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Being Human: How Four Animals Forever Changed The Way We Live, What We Believe, And Who We Think We Are Author: Brady, Jocelyn Mary Year: 2014 Our lives would not be what they are today without animals. From the food we eat, to the clothes we wear, animals provide tangible evidence of their importance every day. But more than that, animals have shaped who we are and what we believe. Often in ways we don't see. That's what inspired me to write Being Human. This work began as an examination of how humans have altered animals to better match our imaginations and ideals, and too, the way these animals have irrecoverably altered how we live and look at the world. Consider, for example, that before they became physically useful to us in providing meat or skills or companionship, animals were central figures in our stories, mythologies, and religions. All the while, of course, these animals remained both ignorant and at the mercy of whatever we imagined--or needed--them to be. And what does all of this say about us? What can we learn about ourselves from looking at animals, and more specifically, looking at the way we treat them? In a society where animal flesh comes to us freshly packed and cleanly saran-wrapped, and pets are treated as members of our families, we tend to look at animals as one thing or another. A farm pig is not a companion animal, any more than a cat is a meal-in-waiting. At least not in our culture. We generally see what's convenient or desirable and when things get messy or complicated, we tend to look away. In so doing, we miss the opportunity to clearly see who we really are, what we're capable of, and what, if anything, we might want to change as a result. I chose four specific animals that show us different sides of ourselves. These beings are both familiar and strange, part of our everyday lives but often only found on the periphery. Each animal symbolizes one of four categories: food, pest, worker and pet. And each connects to a human need: pigs with consumption, pigeons with communication, horses with control and cats with companionship. They are arranged in this order to reflect the deepening complexity of their respective human needs--from the simplest, the need to eat, to the most complex, the need for companionship. (Arguably, control can be considered the most complex, however I chose companionship as the culminating need because it inherently involves all of the other three.) I hope if I accomplish only one thing, it is this: after reading, you see these animals--and your relationship to them--a little bit differently than before. Title: Being Human: How Four Animals Forever Changed The Way We Live, What We Believe, And Who We Think We Are Author: Brady, Jocelyn Mary Year: 2014 Our lives would not be what they are today without animals. From the food we eat, to the clothes we wear, animals provide tangible evidence of their importance every day. But more than that, animals have shaped who we are and what we believe. Often in ways we don't see. That's what inspired me to write Being Human. This work began as an examination of how humans have altered animals to better match our imaginations and ideals, and too, the way these animals have irrecoverably altered how we live and look at the world. Consider, for example, that before they became physically useful to us in providing meat or skills or companionship, animals were central figures in our stories, mythologies, and religions. All the while, of course, these animals remained both ignorant and at the mercy of whatever we imagined--or needed--them to be. And what does all of this say about us? What can we learn about ourselves from looking at animals, and more specifically, looking at the way we treat them? In a society where animal flesh comes to us freshly packed and cleanly saran-wrapped, and pets are treated as members of our families, we tend to look at animals as one thing or another. A farm pig is not a companion animal, any more than a cat is a meal-in-waiting. At least not in our culture. We generally see what's convenient or desirable and when things get messy or complicated, we tend to look away. In so doing, we miss the opportunity to clearly see who we really are, what we're capable of, and what, if anything, we might want to change as a result. I chose four specific animals that show us different sides of ourselves. These beings are both familiar and strange, part of our everyday lives but often only found on the periphery. Each animal symbolizes one of four categories: food, pest, worker and pet. And each connects to a human need: pigs with consumption, pigeons with communication, horses with control and cats with companionship. They are arranged in this order to reflect the deepening complexity of their respective human needs--from the simplest, the need to eat, to the most complex, the need for companionship. (Arguably, control can be considered the most complex, however I chose companionship as the culminating need because it inherently involves all of the other three.) I hope if I accomplish only one thing, it is this: after reading, you see these animals--and your relationship to them--a little bit differently than before. Close

• 972. [Article] What are Effective Strategies for Implementing Trauma-Informed Care in Youth Inpatient Psychiatric and Residential Treatment Settings? A Realist Systematic Review

  Background: Many young people who receive psychiatric care in inpatient or residential settings in North America have experienced various forms of emotional trauma. Moreover, these settings can exacerbate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: What are Effective Strategies for Implementing Trauma-Informed Care in Youth Inpatient Psychiatric and Residential Treatment Settings? A Realist Systematic Review Author: Bryson, Stephanie A., Gauvin, Emma, Jamieson, Ally, Rathgeber, Melanie, Faulkner-Gibson, Lorelei, Bell, Sarah, Russel, Jennifer, Burke, Sharlynne Year: 2017 Background: Many young people who receive psychiatric care in inpatient or residential settings in North America have experienced various forms of emotional trauma. Moreover, these settings can exacerbate trauma sequelae. Common practices, such as seclusion and restraint, put young people at risk of retraumatization, development of comorbid psychopathology, injury, and even death. In response, psychiatric and residential facilities have embraced trauma-informed care (TIC), an organizational change strategy which aligns service delivery with treatment principles and discrete interventions designed to reduce rates of retraumatization through responsive and non-coercive staff-client interactions. After more than two decades, a number of TIC frameworks and approaches have shown favorable results. Largely unexamined, however, are the features that lead to successful implementation of TIC, especially in child and adolescent inpatient psychiatric and residential settings. Methods: Using methods proposed by Pawson et al. (J Health Serv Res Policy 10:21–34, 2005), we conducted a modified five-stage realist systematic review of peer-reviewed TIC literature. We rigorously searched ten electronic databases for peer reviewed publications appearing between 2000 and 2015 linking terms “trauma-informed” and “child*” or “youth,” plus “inpatient” or “residential” plus “psych*” or “mental.” After screening 693 unique abstracts, we selected 13 articles which described TIC interventions in youth psychiatric or residential settings. We designed a theoretically-based evaluative framework using the active implementation cycles of the National Implementation Research Network (NIRN) to discern which foci were associated with effective TIC implementation. Excluded were statewide mental health initiatives and TIC implementations in outpatient mental health, child welfare, and education settings. Interventions examined included: Attachment, Self-Regulation, and Competency Framework; Six Core Strategies; Collaborative Problem Solving; Sanctuary Model; Risking Connection; and the Fairy Tale Model. Results: Five factors were instrumental in implementing trauma informed care across a spectrum of initiatives: senior leadership commitment, sufficient staff support, amplifying the voices of patients and families, aligning policy and programming with trauma informed principles, and using data to help motivate change. Conclusions: Reduction or elimination of coercive measures may be achieved by explicitly targeting specific coercive measures or by implementing broader therapeutic models. Additional research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of both approaches. Title: What are Effective Strategies for Implementing Trauma-Informed Care in Youth Inpatient Psychiatric and Residential Treatment Settings? A Realist Systematic Review Author: Bryson, Stephanie A., Gauvin, Emma, Jamieson, Ally, Rathgeber, Melanie, Faulkner-Gibson, Lorelei, Bell, Sarah, Russel, Jennifer, Burke, Sharlynne Year: 2017 Background: Many young people who receive psychiatric care in inpatient or residential settings in North America have experienced various forms of emotional trauma. Moreover, these settings can exacerbate trauma sequelae. Common practices, such as seclusion and restraint, put young people at risk of retraumatization, development of comorbid psychopathology, injury, and even death. In response, psychiatric and residential facilities have embraced trauma-informed care (TIC), an organizational change strategy which aligns service delivery with treatment principles and discrete interventions designed to reduce rates of retraumatization through responsive and non-coercive staff-client interactions. After more than two decades, a number of TIC frameworks and approaches have shown favorable results. Largely unexamined, however, are the features that lead to successful implementation of TIC, especially in child and adolescent inpatient psychiatric and residential settings. Methods: Using methods proposed by Pawson et al. (J Health Serv Res Policy 10:21–34, 2005), we conducted a modified five-stage realist systematic review of peer-reviewed TIC literature. We rigorously searched ten electronic databases for peer reviewed publications appearing between 2000 and 2015 linking terms “trauma-informed” and “child*” or “youth,” plus “inpatient” or “residential” plus “psych*” or “mental.” After screening 693 unique abstracts, we selected 13 articles which described TIC interventions in youth psychiatric or residential settings. We designed a theoretically-based evaluative framework using the active implementation cycles of the National Implementation Research Network (NIRN) to discern which foci were associated with effective TIC implementation. Excluded were statewide mental health initiatives and TIC implementations in outpatient mental health, child welfare, and education settings. Interventions examined included: Attachment, Self-Regulation, and Competency Framework; Six Core Strategies; Collaborative Problem Solving; Sanctuary Model; Risking Connection; and the Fairy Tale Model. Results: Five factors were instrumental in implementing trauma informed care across a spectrum of initiatives: senior leadership commitment, sufficient staff support, amplifying the voices of patients and families, aligning policy and programming with trauma informed principles, and using data to help motivate change. Conclusions: Reduction or elimination of coercive measures may be achieved by explicitly targeting specific coercive measures or by implementing broader therapeutic models. Additional research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of both approaches. Close

• 973. [Article] MCI Status, Amyloid and Tau Biomarkers, and Composite Cognitive Impairment Scores are Associated with Cogstate Performance in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention

  Background: CogState is a computerized cognitive battery spanning domains of memory, executive function, and speed and processing. CogState, designed to be robust to education level and efficient for repeated ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: MCI Status, Amyloid and Tau Biomarkers, and Composite Cognitive Impairment Scores are Associated with Cogstate Performance in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention Author: Racine, Annie M., Koscik, Rebecca L., Clark, Lindsay R., Mueller, Kimberly D., Berman, Sara Elizabeth, Nicholas, Christopher R., Asthana, Sanjay, Blennow, Kaj, Zetterberg, Henrik, Jedynak, Bruno, Bilgel, Murat, Christian, Bradley T., Carlsson, Cynthia M., Johnson, Sterling C. Year: 2016 Background: CogState is a computerized cognitive battery spanning domains of memory, executive function, and speed and processing. CogState, designed to be robust to education level and efficient for repeated administration with minimal practice effects, holds potential for detecting early cognitive deficits that may prove to be due to preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This project aimed to provide convergent and construct validity for CogState in detecting preclinical AD during late-middle-age. Methods: 279 late-middle-aged participants from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (mean age 63±7 years; 69% female; 37% APOE4+) completed a traditional paper-based neuropsychological battery and a CogState battery consisting of seven tests approximately six years post-baseline. A composite cognitive impairment score (CCI) was calculated using eight neuropsychological tests acquired longitudinally and was estimated at age 50 to remove confounding age effects; higher CCI indicates lower cognitive performance. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) status (n=36) was determined by consensus using clinical and/or pyschometric criteria. A subset underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection (n=36) and PET-PiB imaging (n=46). To determine clinical relevance of CogState, MCI and normal controls were compared by ANCOVA on select CogState variables controlling for age, literacy, gender, APOE4, AD family history, self-rated computer familiarity, and depression. To determine whether biomarkers (CSF Aβ42/Aβ40, CSF total-tau/Aβ42, global PiB burden) or CCI predict CogState performance, we ran multiple regression models controlling for age, sex, literacy, and computer familiarity. Results: MCI participants performed significantly worse (p Conclusions: MCI status, biomarkers for amyloid and tau, and CCI all predict performance on the CogState variables assessed in this study of late-middle-aged adults. CogState performance at a single time point may be an important indicator of preclinical AD processes. Title: MCI Status, Amyloid and Tau Biomarkers, and Composite Cognitive Impairment Scores are Associated with Cogstate Performance in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention Author: Racine, Annie M., Koscik, Rebecca L., Clark, Lindsay R., Mueller, Kimberly D., Berman, Sara Elizabeth, Nicholas, Christopher R., Asthana, Sanjay, Blennow, Kaj, Zetterberg, Henrik, Jedynak, Bruno, Bilgel, Murat, Christian, Bradley T., Carlsson, Cynthia M., Johnson, Sterling C. Year: 2016 Background: CogState is a computerized cognitive battery spanning domains of memory, executive function, and speed and processing. CogState, designed to be robust to education level and efficient for repeated administration with minimal practice effects, holds potential for detecting early cognitive deficits that may prove to be due to preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This project aimed to provide convergent and construct validity for CogState in detecting preclinical AD during late-middle-age. Methods: 279 late-middle-aged participants from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (mean age 63±7 years; 69% female; 37% APOE4+) completed a traditional paper-based neuropsychological battery and a CogState battery consisting of seven tests approximately six years post-baseline. A composite cognitive impairment score (CCI) was calculated using eight neuropsychological tests acquired longitudinally and was estimated at age 50 to remove confounding age effects; higher CCI indicates lower cognitive performance. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) status (n=36) was determined by consensus using clinical and/or pyschometric criteria. A subset underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection (n=36) and PET-PiB imaging (n=46). To determine clinical relevance of CogState, MCI and normal controls were compared by ANCOVA on select CogState variables controlling for age, literacy, gender, APOE4, AD family history, self-rated computer familiarity, and depression. To determine whether biomarkers (CSF Aβ42/Aβ40, CSF total-tau/Aβ42, global PiB burden) or CCI predict CogState performance, we ran multiple regression models controlling for age, sex, literacy, and computer familiarity. Results: MCI participants performed significantly worse (p Conclusions: MCI status, biomarkers for amyloid and tau, and CCI all predict performance on the CogState variables assessed in this study of late-middle-aged adults. CogState performance at a single time point may be an important indicator of preclinical AD processes. Close

• 974. [Article] Using Cultural Relevancy to Promote African American Brain Health

  African Americans are disproportionately more likely than older whites to develop Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (ADOD). Despite these disparities, there is difficulty in motivating African Americans ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Using Cultural Relevancy to Promote African American Brain Health Author: Walker, Miya Year: 2017 African Americans are disproportionately more likely than older whites to develop Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (ADOD). Despite these disparities, there is difficulty in motivating African Americans to engage in activities suitable to maintaining cognitive health (walking, social engagement, physical activity). The Sharing History through Active Reminiscence and Photo-imagery (SHARP) walking program (Croff, PI) combines these proactive activities in a culturally relevant way to create a motivational force to preserve cognitive health. SHARP engaged 19 African Americans aged 55 and older on 72 themed, 1-mile walks over 6 months in Portland, Oregon’s historically Black neighborhoods. This study examines participant responses to the SHARP walk “Afrocentrism” to illustrate how culture can be used to motivate walking and social engagement among older African Americans. The “Afrocentrism” walk presents three questions with historic neighborhood images, each approximately 10 minutes apart along the route: What are your memories of Afrocentric art? What did it mean to you and your community? Did you, your friends or family show your Afrocentrism in the 1960's, 70's and 80's? How? What did it mean to you? Do you have any memories about this [African clothing] shop? How were expressions of Afrocentrism accepted in the 1960's and 70's in Portland? Participant narratives were audio recorded. Narratives were then coded for common themes that gave insight to the importance of culture in health programming. Specific conversations amongst walking groups varied around the “Afrocentrism” prompts, however, walking groups reminisced over the same prominent people and places in the community. The commonality of participants shared neighborhood experiences creates a collective historical narrative and allows for connection to one another in ways that support connection to the neighborhood and to African American culture. This collective narrative informs researchers and allows for a deeper understanding of the Black experience, thus further facilitating the incorporation of culturally relevant prompts into the program. This is an essential way SHARP motivates participants to exercise and engage socially. Incorporating culture into health programs, as SHARP does, can be transferable to other health promotion programs to sustain retention and engagement. Title: Using Cultural Relevancy to Promote African American Brain Health Author: Walker, Miya Year: 2017 African Americans are disproportionately more likely than older whites to develop Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (ADOD). Despite these disparities, there is difficulty in motivating African Americans to engage in activities suitable to maintaining cognitive health (walking, social engagement, physical activity). The Sharing History through Active Reminiscence and Photo-imagery (SHARP) walking program (Croff, PI) combines these proactive activities in a culturally relevant way to create a motivational force to preserve cognitive health. SHARP engaged 19 African Americans aged 55 and older on 72 themed, 1-mile walks over 6 months in Portland, Oregon’s historically Black neighborhoods. This study examines participant responses to the SHARP walk “Afrocentrism” to illustrate how culture can be used to motivate walking and social engagement among older African Americans. The “Afrocentrism” walk presents three questions with historic neighborhood images, each approximately 10 minutes apart along the route: What are your memories of Afrocentric art? What did it mean to you and your community? Did you, your friends or family show your Afrocentrism in the 1960's, 70's and 80's? How? What did it mean to you? Do you have any memories about this [African clothing] shop? How were expressions of Afrocentrism accepted in the 1960's and 70's in Portland? Participant narratives were audio recorded. Narratives were then coded for common themes that gave insight to the importance of culture in health programming. Specific conversations amongst walking groups varied around the “Afrocentrism” prompts, however, walking groups reminisced over the same prominent people and places in the community. The commonality of participants shared neighborhood experiences creates a collective historical narrative and allows for connection to one another in ways that support connection to the neighborhood and to African American culture. This collective narrative informs researchers and allows for a deeper understanding of the Black experience, thus further facilitating the incorporation of culturally relevant prompts into the program. This is an essential way SHARP motivates participants to exercise and engage socially. Incorporating culture into health programs, as SHARP does, can be transferable to other health promotion programs to sustain retention and engagement. Close

• 975. [Article] “Creative Interpretation and Fluidity in a Rights Framework”: The Intersection of Domestic Violence and Human Rights in the United States

  This study explores the manner in which leaders working in the domestic violence field in the US have or have not adopted a human rights framework and what impact this has had on domestic violence policy ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: “Creative Interpretation and Fluidity in a Rights Framework”: The Intersection of Domestic Violence and Human Rights in the United States Author: Morgaine, Karen Lynn Year: 2007 This study explores the manner in which leaders working in the domestic violence field in the US have or have not adopted a human rights framework and what impact this has had on domestic violence policy and intervention. Participants included leaders from national domestic violence and human rights organizations. These organizations are instrumental in developing policy and in framing the issues of domestic violence and human rights, many of which also work with specific racial and ethnic populations. Some of the primary research questions included: If the human rights discourse is being put to practical use within the US, how does it meet the needs of women of color, immigrants, and other women who have been marginalized? Does bringing the issue of domestic violence into a human rights framework reinscribe hegemonic feminism in ways that are either ineffectual or oppressive and colonizing to women of color, immigrants and/or women in marginalized groups in the US and if so, in what ways? Additional research objectives include assessing whether there is active resistance to adopting a human rights framework and benefits and challenges to using the framework. This research uses the critique and experiences of women of color as a focal point. Through the use of critical ethnography and autoethnography, this study examines the manner in which the power to frame and define social problems unfolds. Findings suggest a limited dialogue to date between national domestic violence and human rights organizations with a range of thoughts regarding potential benefits and barriers to reframing domestic violence as a human rights violation. Barriers include lack of resonance/U.S. exceptionalism, power of the State to direct funding and focus, and reluctance to shift status quo based in part in white privilege. Benefits of cross-organizational dialogue include expanding focus, building coalitions, and engaging diverse communities in addressing domestic violence issues. Intersectional issues related to gender, race/ethnicity, immigration, and sovereignty are also explored. This research suggests that social workers need to continue to critically assess the application of human rights to social justice issues and the role that privilege plays in social movements and social policy formation. Title: “Creative Interpretation and Fluidity in a Rights Framework”: The Intersection of Domestic Violence and Human Rights in the United States Author: Morgaine, Karen Lynn Year: 2007 This study explores the manner in which leaders working in the domestic violence field in the US have or have not adopted a human rights framework and what impact this has had on domestic violence policy and intervention. Participants included leaders from national domestic violence and human rights organizations. These organizations are instrumental in developing policy and in framing the issues of domestic violence and human rights, many of which also work with specific racial and ethnic populations. Some of the primary research questions included: If the human rights discourse is being put to practical use within the US, how does it meet the needs of women of color, immigrants, and other women who have been marginalized? Does bringing the issue of domestic violence into a human rights framework reinscribe hegemonic feminism in ways that are either ineffectual or oppressive and colonizing to women of color, immigrants and/or women in marginalized groups in the US and if so, in what ways? Additional research objectives include assessing whether there is active resistance to adopting a human rights framework and benefits and challenges to using the framework. This research uses the critique and experiences of women of color as a focal point. Through the use of critical ethnography and autoethnography, this study examines the manner in which the power to frame and define social problems unfolds. Findings suggest a limited dialogue to date between national domestic violence and human rights organizations with a range of thoughts regarding potential benefits and barriers to reframing domestic violence as a human rights violation. Barriers include lack of resonance/U.S. exceptionalism, power of the State to direct funding and focus, and reluctance to shift status quo based in part in white privilege. Benefits of cross-organizational dialogue include expanding focus, building coalitions, and engaging diverse communities in addressing domestic violence issues. Intersectional issues related to gender, race/ethnicity, immigration, and sovereignty are also explored. This research suggests that social workers need to continue to critically assess the application of human rights to social justice issues and the role that privilege plays in social movements and social policy formation. Close

• 976. [Article] A Beer Party and Watermelon: The Archaeology of Community and Resistance at CCC Camp Zigzag, Company 928, Zigzag, Oregon, 1933-1942

  In March 1933, the administration of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt initiated a national relief program aimed at alleviating the disastrous effects ofthe Great Depression. The Civilian Conservation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Beer Party and Watermelon: The Archaeology of Community and Resistance at CCC Camp Zigzag, Company 928, Zigzag, Oregon, 1933-1942 Author: Tuck, Janna Beth Year: 2010 In March 1933, the administration of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt initiated a national relief program aimed at alleviating the disastrous effects ofthe Great Depression. The Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) began as one of these programs designed to employ young men from all over the country and put them "back to work". The CCC provided these young men with training, a monthly stipend, and basic supplies such as food, clothing, and accommodations. After 1942, CCC camps were closed and many of these sites were abandoned or destroyed, leaving little historical documentation as to the experiences ofthe people involved. This project revolves around the archaeological investigations and data recovery of a CCC camp that was in operation from 1933-1942 in Zigzag, Oregon. This research analyzes the remains of the camp in order to gain further knowledge about this important period in American history, and more specifically, Oregon history. In assessing the material culture left behind, combined with the historical documents and oral history interviews, the goal of this project was to expand the historical and archaeological narrative of the CCC experience. More specifically, the aim of this research was to reveal the unwritten record of CCC camp life in a pivotal period of American history. The results of the historical archaeological research indicates that Camp Zigzag represents a community that participated in resistance related activities, such as drinking alcohol on camp property, but one that also adhered to the regulations of camp policy. Military-style order and training permeated even the surrounding architectural environment. The rituals of daily life in the structured order of the camp appear to have developed and formulated a strong sense of cohesion among the men. However, resistance-related items, such as alcohol bottles, suggest that Camp Zigzag enrollees resisted the authoritarian dynamic of the camp. Social drinking would have provided the men with a sense of solidarity and commonality that would have been maintained beyond the ideals of camp uniformity. This communal familiarity may have influenced the men's behaviour in daily camp routines, rituals, and work. Overall, the archaeological evidence depicts the Camp Zigzag community as united through the bonds of formality and in its resistance to it. Camp Zigzag offered a unique and unusually expansive window into not only the history of Oregon State, but into the history of our nation as a whole. The camp's archaeological assemblage remains as an important learning tool and its value far exceeds the humble nature of its material contents. It is a collection of untold stories representing the lives of young men and their families at a tumultuous turning point in American history. Title: A Beer Party and Watermelon: The Archaeology of Community and Resistance at CCC Camp Zigzag, Company 928, Zigzag, Oregon, 1933-1942 Author: Tuck, Janna Beth Year: 2010 In March 1933, the administration of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt initiated a national relief program aimed at alleviating the disastrous effects ofthe Great Depression. The Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) began as one of these programs designed to employ young men from all over the country and put them "back to work". The CCC provided these young men with training, a monthly stipend, and basic supplies such as food, clothing, and accommodations. After 1942, CCC camps were closed and many of these sites were abandoned or destroyed, leaving little historical documentation as to the experiences ofthe people involved. This project revolves around the archaeological investigations and data recovery of a CCC camp that was in operation from 1933-1942 in Zigzag, Oregon. This research analyzes the remains of the camp in order to gain further knowledge about this important period in American history, and more specifically, Oregon history. In assessing the material culture left behind, combined with the historical documents and oral history interviews, the goal of this project was to expand the historical and archaeological narrative of the CCC experience. More specifically, the aim of this research was to reveal the unwritten record of CCC camp life in a pivotal period of American history. The results of the historical archaeological research indicates that Camp Zigzag represents a community that participated in resistance related activities, such as drinking alcohol on camp property, but one that also adhered to the regulations of camp policy. Military-style order and training permeated even the surrounding architectural environment. The rituals of daily life in the structured order of the camp appear to have developed and formulated a strong sense of cohesion among the men. However, resistance-related items, such as alcohol bottles, suggest that Camp Zigzag enrollees resisted the authoritarian dynamic of the camp. Social drinking would have provided the men with a sense of solidarity and commonality that would have been maintained beyond the ideals of camp uniformity. This communal familiarity may have influenced the men's behaviour in daily camp routines, rituals, and work. Overall, the archaeological evidence depicts the Camp Zigzag community as united through the bonds of formality and in its resistance to it. Camp Zigzag offered a unique and unusually expansive window into not only the history of Oregon State, but into the history of our nation as a whole. The camp's archaeological assemblage remains as an important learning tool and its value far exceeds the humble nature of its material contents. It is a collection of untold stories representing the lives of young men and their families at a tumultuous turning point in American history. Close

• 977. [Article] Motion Cookies - Preliminary Marketing Plan

  Mother and Cookies from Sen.se is one of the newly launched IoT (Internet of Things) products to the family consumers in the market place last year. It provides a motionsensor- based technological ecosystem ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Motion Cookies - Preliminary Marketing Plan Author: Zhang, Pei, Kar, Swati, Calderwood, Timothy, Chintala, Pratheek, Paneerselvam, Sridharkumar Year: 2015 Mother and Cookies from Sen.se is one of the newly launched IoT (Internet of Things) products to the family consumers in the market place last year. It provides a motionsensor- based technological ecosystem which could monitor and manage daily activities of those who most need it easily -- the elder people in Home Care. From a marketing research, the in home elder care is raising as one of the hottest topics of the healthcare field, especially for the people who may not really be able to accompany with their elder parents in the home who may need some slide in home caring. The current solutions by install the regular home security system and using the caring personals would cost around $3,200 per month which could be a big budget for the housekeeping expends. There would be a need for an easy-setup, cheap, sensitive, reliable, user-friendly, live data, and mobile connected solution for the in home elder caring. As the population data of elder people in U.S. from the last five years, there is an expected growth rate of 3% per year. Even if only 1% of the elder people would need to use our product for the in home caring, the market size will be expected to around 230,000 units around the States at the year of 2020, which would bring an expected profit around $28.7 million within 5 years until 2020. There would still be a product development period for our in home elder care application packages before launch this whole product into the market place, which would take 6 months. We will work on integrating the hardware and mobile application in the elder care package for our consumers, for both major mobile systems (IOS and Android). There would be two major profit streams of our business plan for the elder care solution: The first profit stream is from the selling profit of the Mother and Cookies product follows their posted prices with our hardware package plans; the second profit stream would from the subscriptions on the mobile applications. From our marketing research, as many as 12 cookies with 1 mother would be fully functional for the in home caring purpose. Since the IoT products is in an extremely growing demand from the technology market places, the in home elder care system that with Mother and Cookies could become really profitable. This technology also be interested to the young people, which could help them to get the live data of their in-home loved ones anytime, to know their status easily than before. Title: Motion Cookies - Preliminary Marketing Plan Author: Zhang, Pei, Kar, Swati, Calderwood, Timothy, Chintala, Pratheek, Paneerselvam, Sridharkumar Year: 2015 Mother and Cookies from Sen.se is one of the newly launched IoT (Internet of Things) products to the family consumers in the market place last year. It provides a motionsensor- based technological ecosystem which could monitor and manage daily activities of those who most need it easily -- the elder people in Home Care. From a marketing research, the in home elder care is raising as one of the hottest topics of the healthcare field, especially for the people who may not really be able to accompany with their elder parents in the home who may need some slide in home caring. The current solutions by install the regular home security system and using the caring personals would cost around $3,200 per month which could be a big budget for the housekeeping expends. There would be a need for an easy-setup, cheap, sensitive, reliable, user-friendly, live data, and mobile connected solution for the in home elder caring. As the population data of elder people in U.S. from the last five years, there is an expected growth rate of 3% per year. Even if only 1% of the elder people would need to use our product for the in home caring, the market size will be expected to around 230,000 units around the States at the year of 2020, which would bring an expected profit around $28.7 million within 5 years until 2020. There would still be a product development period for our in home elder care application packages before launch this whole product into the market place, which would take 6 months. We will work on integrating the hardware and mobile application in the elder care package for our consumers, for both major mobile systems (IOS and Android). There would be two major profit streams of our business plan for the elder care solution: The first profit stream is from the selling profit of the Mother and Cookies product follows their posted prices with our hardware package plans; the second profit stream would from the subscriptions on the mobile applications. From our marketing research, as many as 12 cookies with 1 mother would be fully functional for the in home caring purpose. Since the IoT products is in an extremely growing demand from the technology market places, the in home elder care system that with Mother and Cookies could become really profitable. This technology also be interested to the young people, which could help them to get the live data of their in-home loved ones anytime, to know their status easily than before. Close

• 978. [Article] Albina Murals

  The murals, created by local artists, depict scenes from African American history, with special attention to the Northwest and Portland. The project represents an important example of the power of the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Albina Murals Author: Portland State University Year: 1978 The murals, created by local artists, depict scenes from African American history, with special attention to the Northwest and Portland. The project represents an important example of the power of the intersection of community, public art and public history. This is the only know film documentation of the mural panels which were removed in 1983. On February 10th, 1978, the panels of the Albina Murals were dedicated to the public in Portland, Oregon, the result of a yearlong collaboration among 7 artists of color working to craft a community monument to African American history. The murals, which were funded by CETA (the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973), hung from 1978 till 1983 on the exterior walls of the Albina Human Resource Center in the heart of North Portland’s Albina neighborhood. The artists, Isaac (now Isaka) Shamsud-Din (project director and mural painter), Charles Tatum (sculptor and project assistant director), Henry Frison (mural painter)), Chonita Henderson Smith (mural painter), Jenny Harada Allen (mural painter), Larry Scott (assistant mural painter), and Darryl Clegg (project documentarian), focused on capturing climactic moments important for the community. Five mural panels depicted different points in African American history, with special attention to the Northwest and Portland. The panels showed the African slave trade, the migration of Black settlers to the Northwest at the end of the 19th century, the movement of African American workers and their families to Portland in the 1940s to work in the war effort, the disastrous Vanport flood of 1948, and the African American civil rights movement of the 1960s. The project also included one bas-relief wood sculpture, more abstract than the murals, that focused on Black shipbuilders in the 1940s, drawing the themes of African American history and labor history together. Unfortunately, in the early 1980s, the murals began to deteriorate from their exposure to Portland’s rainy climate, and the damaged panels were removed from the building by the artists in 1983. As a result, the murals survive for public viewing only in photographic form and in this documentary film, preserved and digitally transferred with a grant from the National Film Preservation Foundation. Title: Albina Murals Author: Portland State University Year: 1978 The murals, created by local artists, depict scenes from African American history, with special attention to the Northwest and Portland. The project represents an important example of the power of the intersection of community, public art and public history. This is the only know film documentation of the mural panels which were removed in 1983. On February 10th, 1978, the panels of the Albina Murals were dedicated to the public in Portland, Oregon, the result of a yearlong collaboration among 7 artists of color working to craft a community monument to African American history. The murals, which were funded by CETA (the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973), hung from 1978 till 1983 on the exterior walls of the Albina Human Resource Center in the heart of North Portland’s Albina neighborhood. The artists, Isaac (now Isaka) Shamsud-Din (project director and mural painter), Charles Tatum (sculptor and project assistant director), Henry Frison (mural painter)), Chonita Henderson Smith (mural painter), Jenny Harada Allen (mural painter), Larry Scott (assistant mural painter), and Darryl Clegg (project documentarian), focused on capturing climactic moments important for the community. Five mural panels depicted different points in African American history, with special attention to the Northwest and Portland. The panels showed the African slave trade, the migration of Black settlers to the Northwest at the end of the 19th century, the movement of African American workers and their families to Portland in the 1940s to work in the war effort, the disastrous Vanport flood of 1948, and the African American civil rights movement of the 1960s. The project also included one bas-relief wood sculpture, more abstract than the murals, that focused on Black shipbuilders in the 1940s, drawing the themes of African American history and labor history together. Unfortunately, in the early 1980s, the murals began to deteriorate from their exposure to Portland’s rainy climate, and the damaged panels were removed from the building by the artists in 1983. As a result, the murals survive for public viewing only in photographic form and in this documentary film, preserved and digitally transferred with a grant from the National Film Preservation Foundation. Close

• 979. [Article] Honeywell Lyric WiFi Water Leak and Freeze Detector

  We are pleased to present the strategic marketing plan for the Lyric WiFi Water Leak and Freeze Detector, manufactured by Honeywell, Inc. Honeywell is a $38.6B global company that provides value-added ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Honeywell Lyric WiFi Water Leak and Freeze Detector Author: Chabuel, Cyrille, Davis, Chris, Penumarti, Anjana, Tripathy, Sudipta, VanDerSchaaf, Hans Year: 2016 We are pleased to present the strategic marketing plan for the Lyric WiFi Water Leak and Freeze Detector, manufactured by Honeywell, Inc. Honeywell is a $38.6B global company that provides value-added products and market changing innovations. Our extensive intellectual property portfolio generates competitive advantages for us and our customers. Our key product groups include Aerospace, Automation & Control Solutions (where the Lyric family resides; ACS) and Performance Materials and Technologies. Honeywell is well positioned for supporting the introduction and growth of the Leak Detector, with $40B in annual company sales, and a 50% increase in earnings per share over the past five years. The Leak Detector is an early warning system that notifies customers on their connected devices when a leak is detected or the temperature drops below a temperature of their choice. By catching a leak early, customers can avoid expensive repairs and disruptions to their lives. We are realistically optimistic about the revenue and profit potential of the Leak Detector. It sits in the Internet of Things (IoT) market, which is projected to grow at a compound annual rate of 67% over the next 5 years to a whopping $792.34 billion. In 2016 connected home device sales within this market will be approximately $61 billion. Our target market (Service Obtainable Market) consists of homeowners under the age of 40 who live in houses with WiFI, have hard to reach places in their primary or secondary homes, are motivated to prevent water leaks (largely based on past experiences with leaks), have recently acquired houses or are renovating their existing houses, and have an affinity for relatively new technology. We estimate by the end of year 3, we can capture 50% of this market and sell 4.5M Leak Detector units annually, generating $320M in total annual sales and annual profits of $63M. We are also optimistic because the Leak Detector is a strong competitor, due to the strength of the Lyric and Honeywell brands, and its wifi capabilities. In the next three years, we will cross the chasm from early adopters to the early majority by enhancing the development of our product (e.g. connecting better to an ecosystem), innovating in our manufacturing to reduce the unit price, and by distributing through the right channels (directly to customers, popular online retailers, home improvement retailers, and influencers, such as insurance companies, plumbers and major appliance retailers). Title: Honeywell Lyric WiFi Water Leak and Freeze Detector Author: Chabuel, Cyrille, Davis, Chris, Penumarti, Anjana, Tripathy, Sudipta, VanDerSchaaf, Hans Year: 2016 We are pleased to present the strategic marketing plan for the Lyric WiFi Water Leak and Freeze Detector, manufactured by Honeywell, Inc. Honeywell is a $38.6B global company that provides value-added products and market changing innovations. Our extensive intellectual property portfolio generates competitive advantages for us and our customers. Our key product groups include Aerospace, Automation & Control Solutions (where the Lyric family resides; ACS) and Performance Materials and Technologies. Honeywell is well positioned for supporting the introduction and growth of the Leak Detector, with $40B in annual company sales, and a 50% increase in earnings per share over the past five years. The Leak Detector is an early warning system that notifies customers on their connected devices when a leak is detected or the temperature drops below a temperature of their choice. By catching a leak early, customers can avoid expensive repairs and disruptions to their lives. We are realistically optimistic about the revenue and profit potential of the Leak Detector. It sits in the Internet of Things (IoT) market, which is projected to grow at a compound annual rate of 67% over the next 5 years to a whopping $792.34 billion. In 2016 connected home device sales within this market will be approximately $61 billion. Our target market (Service Obtainable Market) consists of homeowners under the age of 40 who live in houses with WiFI, have hard to reach places in their primary or secondary homes, are motivated to prevent water leaks (largely based on past experiences with leaks), have recently acquired houses or are renovating their existing houses, and have an affinity for relatively new technology. We estimate by the end of year 3, we can capture 50% of this market and sell 4.5M Leak Detector units annually, generating $320M in total annual sales and annual profits of $63M. We are also optimistic because the Leak Detector is a strong competitor, due to the strength of the Lyric and Honeywell brands, and its wifi capabilities. In the next three years, we will cross the chasm from early adopters to the early majority by enhancing the development of our product (e.g. connecting better to an ecosystem), innovating in our manufacturing to reduce the unit price, and by distributing through the right channels (directly to customers, popular online retailers, home improvement retailers, and influencers, such as insurance companies, plumbers and major appliance retailers). Close

• 980. [Article] Intergenerational Programming: A Confluence of Interests Between the Frail Elderly and Urban Youth

  Two groups of urban residents present ongoing problems, the frail elderly and disadvantaged youth who are approaching transition from school to the work force. Many of the disadvantaged youth are at risk ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Intergenerational Programming: A Confluence of Interests Between the Frail Elderly and Urban Youth Author: Schindler, Doris Year: 1992 Two groups of urban residents present ongoing problems, the frail elderly and disadvantaged youth who are approaching transition from school to the work force. Many of the disadvantaged youth are at risk because of family background, inadequate education, and lack of work experience. Many of the frail elderly are unable to care for themselves because of debility, chronic illness, or functional impairments (Eustis, 1974). The United States is experiencing an unprecedented increase in the numbers of persons over 65 years of age and it is expected that between 1980 and 2000 there will be a 67 percent increase in persons 80 and over. These demographic changes are significant especially for long-term care policy for the elderly. There is an urgent need to provide the kind of care that permits them to continue to live in their own homes. The frail elderly perceive their need for a dependable source of food as a primary requirement. If this is not met, institutional care becomes the only possible option. Urban youth face an increasing pressure to take a job in order to earn money, often at the expense of further education. Part-time work and school can be managed, and with planning, the classroom curriculum can be blended with the job. Intergenerational programs present a possible solution to some of the problems of the frail elderly and youth. They can be brought together through one of these programs for their mutual benefit. Intergenerational programming is the process of planned and purposeful interaction between generations. The programs encompass a range of ideas as they are guided by the needs of the community and its resources to meet these needs (Newman, 1983). Project MAIN was one of these projects. In 1983 under the auspices of Portland Youth Advocates, Project MAIN was created to meet the needs of the frail elderly and youth in an urban area. Many of the frail elderly were confined to their homes, unable to do ordinary tasks such as grocery shopping. Low-income teenagers needed access to an income-generating jobs program that would permit them to remain in school. Project MAIN was planned to help disadvantaged youth and simultaneously enrich the lives of the elderly (Ventura-Merkel, 1988). Project MAIN was conceived as a dynamic entity that could not be seen directly, but perceived as a process that had qualitative effects on those with whom it came in contact. It was planned as an active participatory learning experience for youth. Relevant classroom curricula blended with part-time jobs. The focus was on full participation by the youth in the process of providing a shopping service for the homebound elderly. Two important elements of the project were active youth participation and project-oriented learning. The youth planned and operated a shopping service for the frail elderly clients. The youth continued with their education and worked part-time. They began with minimum wage and increases came regularly, following satisfactory evaluation by peers and staff. As they became more competent, they assisted the staff with supervision and instruction. A case study explored the outcomes of Project MAIN. A weakness in the data from guided interviews of the clients resulted from memory loss and confusion encountered in a few of the elderly. A strength was the flexible interviews which gave the elderly time to explore new ideas as they emerged. The outcomes of Project MAIN were measured by the level of satisfaction for both the elderly clients and the participating youth. The levels of satisfaction were high in the pilot project, with its four weeks of intensive training and careful supervision. Adequate funding from private organizations made this possible. In the demonstration phase, funding became an acute problem. Training and supervision of the youthful shoppers was curtailed. Although the clients found the service better than they had before Project MAIN, complaints of broken appointments and declining dependability began to be heard. It became evident that the youth were in need of better preparation and more intensive supervision. Because of lack of funds, it was not possible to supply staff for these tasks. From the outcomes of the pilot project, it is evident that the concept of Project MAIN is a viable one for meeting the needs of the frail elderly and youth. However, from the demonstration phase, it was seen that without adequate funding, the quality of the shopping service declined. Decisions need to be made in the early planning of a program like Project MAIN. Elimination of staff needed for training and supervision in favor if increasing the number of youthful shoppers can threaten the viability of the program. Title: Intergenerational Programming: A Confluence of Interests Between the Frail Elderly and Urban Youth Author: Schindler, Doris Year: 1992 Two groups of urban residents present ongoing problems, the frail elderly and disadvantaged youth who are approaching transition from school to the work force. Many of the disadvantaged youth are at risk because of family background, inadequate education, and lack of work experience. Many of the frail elderly are unable to care for themselves because of debility, chronic illness, or functional impairments (Eustis, 1974). The United States is experiencing an unprecedented increase in the numbers of persons over 65 years of age and it is expected that between 1980 and 2000 there will be a 67 percent increase in persons 80 and over. These demographic changes are significant especially for long-term care policy for the elderly. There is an urgent need to provide the kind of care that permits them to continue to live in their own homes. The frail elderly perceive their need for a dependable source of food as a primary requirement. If this is not met, institutional care becomes the only possible option. Urban youth face an increasing pressure to take a job in order to earn money, often at the expense of further education. Part-time work and school can be managed, and with planning, the classroom curriculum can be blended with the job. Intergenerational programs present a possible solution to some of the problems of the frail elderly and youth. They can be brought together through one of these programs for their mutual benefit. Intergenerational programming is the process of planned and purposeful interaction between generations. The programs encompass a range of ideas as they are guided by the needs of the community and its resources to meet these needs (Newman, 1983). Project MAIN was one of these projects. In 1983 under the auspices of Portland Youth Advocates, Project MAIN was created to meet the needs of the frail elderly and youth in an urban area. Many of the frail elderly were confined to their homes, unable to do ordinary tasks such as grocery shopping. Low-income teenagers needed access to an income-generating jobs program that would permit them to remain in school. Project MAIN was planned to help disadvantaged youth and simultaneously enrich the lives of the elderly (Ventura-Merkel, 1988). Project MAIN was conceived as a dynamic entity that could not be seen directly, but perceived as a process that had qualitative effects on those with whom it came in contact. It was planned as an active participatory learning experience for youth. Relevant classroom curricula blended with part-time jobs. The focus was on full participation by the youth in the process of providing a shopping service for the homebound elderly. Two important elements of the project were active youth participation and project-oriented learning. The youth planned and operated a shopping service for the frail elderly clients. The youth continued with their education and worked part-time. They began with minimum wage and increases came regularly, following satisfactory evaluation by peers and staff. As they became more competent, they assisted the staff with supervision and instruction. A case study explored the outcomes of Project MAIN. A weakness in the data from guided interviews of the clients resulted from memory loss and confusion encountered in a few of the elderly. A strength was the flexible interviews which gave the elderly time to explore new ideas as they emerged. The outcomes of Project MAIN were measured by the level of satisfaction for both the elderly clients and the participating youth. The levels of satisfaction were high in the pilot project, with its four weeks of intensive training and careful supervision. Adequate funding from private organizations made this possible. In the demonstration phase, funding became an acute problem. Training and supervision of the youthful shoppers was curtailed. Although the clients found the service better than they had before Project MAIN, complaints of broken appointments and declining dependability began to be heard. It became evident that the youth were in need of better preparation and more intensive supervision. Because of lack of funds, it was not possible to supply staff for these tasks. From the outcomes of the pilot project, it is evident that the concept of Project MAIN is a viable one for meeting the needs of the frail elderly and youth. However, from the demonstration phase, it was seen that without adequate funding, the quality of the shopping service declined. Decisions need to be made in the early planning of a program like Project MAIN. Elimination of staff needed for training and supervision in favor if increasing the number of youthful shoppers can threaten the viability of the program. Close