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• 21. [Article] Prey swimming behavior and culture techniques for copper, Sebastes caurinus, and quillback rockfish, S. malinger

  Rotifers and brine shrimp (Artemia) are important prey items for rearing marine fish larvae. Their availability in the water column may be reduced when they are transferred to larval rearing tanks at ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Prey swimming behavior and culture techniques for copper, Sebastes caurinus, and quillback rockfish, S. malinger Author: Gilbert, Thom H. Rotifers and brine shrimp (Artemia) are important prey items for rearing marine fish larvae. Their availability in the water column may be reduced when they are transferred to larval rearing tanks at lower temperature. In this study, Brachionus rotundiformis (SS-type) and Brachionus plicatilis (L-type) were semi-continuously cultured and fed on live microalgae (Isochrysis galbana) at 20°C. Upon hatching, Artemia nauplii were fed I. galbana for 24 h at 20°C before temperature shock and handling experiments took place. Temperature shock and handling stress experiments with prey were conducted to test prey availability for larval culture of Eastern Pacific rockfish (Sebastes) species. Prey was sampled in 1 mL aliquots in the water column from 10 L buckets at 10, 14, 18, and 20°C after 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h suspension and from four water levels (top, middle, 5 cm above bottom, and bottom). The concentration of suspended prey (initially 10 prey per ml) was significantly reduced for all species after temperature transfer occurred and recovery was correlated with handling and transfer temperature. Rotifers and Artemia should be cultured at similar or lower temperatures compared with those of larval cultures or subjected to an acclimation period before being added to larval tanks. Rockfish culture remains at a preliminary stage due to difficulties in obtaining larvae and establishing optimal culture conditions. Attempts to obtain larvae from hook-and-line captured wild rockfish have failed due to high larval mortalities; however, maintaining mature reproducing rockfish in tanks is an alternative to obtaining viable larvae. Visibly gravid females were collected monthly from the Oregon Coast Aquarium in Newport and held in isolation until they naturally released live larvae. In this study, we evaluated optimal temperature (10, 14, and 18ºC), green-water techniques, and grow-out in static cultures with Sebastes caurinus and S. malinger larvae. Survival of Sebastes caurinus larvae at 18 ºC was <15%, while survival was >40% at 10 and 14 ºC. Nannochloropsis occulata (Nanno) and Isochrysis galbana, Tahitian strain (T-Iso) were tested in a green-water and enrichment study with S. malinger larvae. T-Iso was better than Nanno for green-water conditioner and as a food for rotifers and either newly hatched or enriched Artemia. An average growth rate of 0.13 mm per day was observed for all three broods from females of different sizes, 2.95, 0.86, and 0.77 kg. Survival and initial size of larvae were greater for larvae from the largest female. Results from these experiments will be helpful in optimizing rockfish larval culture conditions for possible restoration of threatened rockfish species of the Eastern Pacific and for aquaculture. Title: Prey swimming behavior and culture techniques for copper, Sebastes caurinus, and quillback rockfish, S. malinger Author: Gilbert, Thom H. Rotifers and brine shrimp (Artemia) are important prey items for rearing marine fish larvae. Their availability in the water column may be reduced when they are transferred to larval rearing tanks at lower temperature. In this study, Brachionus rotundiformis (SS-type) and Brachionus plicatilis (L-type) were semi-continuously cultured and fed on live microalgae (Isochrysis galbana) at 20°C. Upon hatching, Artemia nauplii were fed I. galbana for 24 h at 20°C before temperature shock and handling experiments took place. Temperature shock and handling stress experiments with prey were conducted to test prey availability for larval culture of Eastern Pacific rockfish (Sebastes) species. Prey was sampled in 1 mL aliquots in the water column from 10 L buckets at 10, 14, 18, and 20°C after 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h suspension and from four water levels (top, middle, 5 cm above bottom, and bottom). The concentration of suspended prey (initially 10 prey per ml) was significantly reduced for all species after temperature transfer occurred and recovery was correlated with handling and transfer temperature. Rotifers and Artemia should be cultured at similar or lower temperatures compared with those of larval cultures or subjected to an acclimation period before being added to larval tanks. Rockfish culture remains at a preliminary stage due to difficulties in obtaining larvae and establishing optimal culture conditions. Attempts to obtain larvae from hook-and-line captured wild rockfish have failed due to high larval mortalities; however, maintaining mature reproducing rockfish in tanks is an alternative to obtaining viable larvae. Visibly gravid females were collected monthly from the Oregon Coast Aquarium in Newport and held in isolation until they naturally released live larvae. In this study, we evaluated optimal temperature (10, 14, and 18ºC), green-water techniques, and grow-out in static cultures with Sebastes caurinus and S. malinger larvae. Survival of Sebastes caurinus larvae at 18 ºC was <15%, while survival was >40% at 10 and 14 ºC. Nannochloropsis occulata (Nanno) and Isochrysis galbana, Tahitian strain (T-Iso) were tested in a green-water and enrichment study with S. malinger larvae. T-Iso was better than Nanno for green-water conditioner and as a food for rotifers and either newly hatched or enriched Artemia. An average growth rate of 0.13 mm per day was observed for all three broods from females of different sizes, 2.95, 0.86, and 0.77 kg. Survival and initial size of larvae were greater for larvae from the largest female. Results from these experiments will be helpful in optimizing rockfish larval culture conditions for possible restoration of threatened rockfish species of the Eastern Pacific and for aquaculture. Close

• 22. [Article] An Investigation on Nanoscale-shape-mediated Coupling Between Temperature and Densification in Intense Pulsed Light Sintering of Silver Nanoparticles

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Investigation on Nanoscale-shape-mediated Coupling Between Temperature and Densification in Intense Pulsed Light Sintering of Silver Nanoparticles Author: Bansal, Shalu Title: An Investigation on Nanoscale-shape-mediated Coupling Between Temperature and Densification in Intense Pulsed Light Sintering of Silver Nanoparticles Author: Bansal, Shalu Close

• 23. [Article] Seasonal hydrologic responses to climate change in the Pacific Northwest

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. It can be found at: http://sites.agu.org/

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Seasonal hydrologic responses to climate change in the Pacific Northwest Author: Vano, Julie A., Lettenmaier, Dennis P., Nijssen, Bart This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. It can be found at: http://sites.agu.org/ Title: Seasonal hydrologic responses to climate change in the Pacific Northwest Author: Vano, Julie A., Lettenmaier, Dennis P., Nijssen, Bart This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. It can be found at: http://sites.agu.org/ Close

• 24. [Article] Modeling Elevation-Dependent Snow Sensitivity to Climate Warming in the Data Sparse Eastern Oregon Cascades

  In the mountains of the Western US, shifts in the timing and magnitude of snow water equivalent (SWE) over the past century are well documented and attributed to climate warming, but the magnitude of sensitivity ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling Elevation-Dependent Snow Sensitivity to Climate Warming in the Data Sparse Eastern Oregon Cascades Author: Cooper, Matthew Guy In the mountains of the Western US, shifts in the timing and magnitude of snow water equivalent (SWE) over the past century are well documented and attributed to climate warming, but the magnitude of sensitivity depends on elevation. We modeled the spatial distribution of SWE and its sensitivity to climate warming in the 1500 km² Upper Deschutes River Basin, Oregon, with a spatially distributed snowpack energy balance model forced by a gridded meteorological dataset. The forcing data, gridded at a spatial scale of 1/16°, were downscaled to a 100 m spatial-scale digital elevation model using two sets of temperature lapse rates, with and without bias-correction applied prior to downscaling. The bias-correction method adjusted the spatial patterns of temperature and precipitation in the 1/16° gridded data to match 30 arcsecond Parameter Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) climate data. During production, the 1/16° temperature data was adjusted for the effect of elevation using a spatially uniform and temporally constant 6.5°C km⁻¹ lapse rate, whereas PRISM adjusts temperature for the effect of elevation using spatially and temporally variable lapse rates that are computed directly from regional weather station data. Thus, bias-correction implicitly adjusted the lapse rates in the 1/16° gridded data to match measured lapse rates. To test the effect of this implicit adjustment of the input data lapse rates vs. adjusting the lapse rates during downscaling, the 30 arcsecond bias-corrected data and 1/16o original data were each downscaled with 1) a spatially uniform and temporally constant 6.5°C km⁻¹ lapse rate, and 2) with monthly varying lapse rates computed from PRISM. Precipitation was downscaled with the same method for each case. This procedure produced four sets of 100 m spatial scale data used as input to the snow model. Model parameters that control empirical estimates of incoming irradiance and the partitioning of precipitation into rain and snow were estimated independently with each dataset to optimize the agreement between modeled and observed SWE. We then modeled the sensitivity (percent change) of basin SWE in response to +2°C and +4°C warming with each of the four downscaled datasets and their respective optimized parameters. Pre-calibration, modeled SWE for the historical climate period differed depending on bias correction and choice of downscaling lapse rates. Post-calibration, modeled SWE for the historical climate period did not differ depending on choice of lapse rates but substantial differences emerged between modeled SWE with the original and bias-corrected forcing data. Inter-forcing dataset differences in modeled SWE during the historical period were largely controlled by differences in estimates of longwave irradiance and temperature between datasets. For the warming scenarios, the SWE sensitivity differed significantly at all elevations between the bias-corrected and original data, but (as in the post-calibration historical period) did not depend on choice of lapse rates. At low to mid elevations, climate change impacts on snow were largely controlled by temperature-driven shifts from snowfall to rainfall, while at high elevations, precipitation variability controlled SWE sensitivity. With just a 2°C increase in temperature, peak snow accumulation occurred 20-30 days earlier and was 20-60% smaller, the length of the snow covered season decreased up to 50 days, and winter rainfall increased by 20-60%. With a 4°C increase, the shifts in timing were roughly doubled and the declines in snow and snowfall increased up to 80%. A 10% increase in precipitation had a negligible impact on basin-integrated declines, indicating that future precipitation variability has little chance of offsetting regional climate warming impacts on snow in the Oregon Cascades. These results highlight the challenges of modeling SWE in data sparse regions, the importance of bias correcting gridded meteorological forcing datasets for hydrologic modeling applications in regions of complex topography, and the strong temperature dependence of snow in the Oregon Cascades. Title: Modeling Elevation-Dependent Snow Sensitivity to Climate Warming in the Data Sparse Eastern Oregon Cascades Author: Cooper, Matthew Guy In the mountains of the Western US, shifts in the timing and magnitude of snow water equivalent (SWE) over the past century are well documented and attributed to climate warming, but the magnitude of sensitivity depends on elevation. We modeled the spatial distribution of SWE and its sensitivity to climate warming in the 1500 km² Upper Deschutes River Basin, Oregon, with a spatially distributed snowpack energy balance model forced by a gridded meteorological dataset. The forcing data, gridded at a spatial scale of 1/16°, were downscaled to a 100 m spatial-scale digital elevation model using two sets of temperature lapse rates, with and without bias-correction applied prior to downscaling. The bias-correction method adjusted the spatial patterns of temperature and precipitation in the 1/16° gridded data to match 30 arcsecond Parameter Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) climate data. During production, the 1/16° temperature data was adjusted for the effect of elevation using a spatially uniform and temporally constant 6.5°C km⁻¹ lapse rate, whereas PRISM adjusts temperature for the effect of elevation using spatially and temporally variable lapse rates that are computed directly from regional weather station data. Thus, bias-correction implicitly adjusted the lapse rates in the 1/16° gridded data to match measured lapse rates. To test the effect of this implicit adjustment of the input data lapse rates vs. adjusting the lapse rates during downscaling, the 30 arcsecond bias-corrected data and 1/16o original data were each downscaled with 1) a spatially uniform and temporally constant 6.5°C km⁻¹ lapse rate, and 2) with monthly varying lapse rates computed from PRISM. Precipitation was downscaled with the same method for each case. This procedure produced four sets of 100 m spatial scale data used as input to the snow model. Model parameters that control empirical estimates of incoming irradiance and the partitioning of precipitation into rain and snow were estimated independently with each dataset to optimize the agreement between modeled and observed SWE. We then modeled the sensitivity (percent change) of basin SWE in response to +2°C and +4°C warming with each of the four downscaled datasets and their respective optimized parameters. Pre-calibration, modeled SWE for the historical climate period differed depending on bias correction and choice of downscaling lapse rates. Post-calibration, modeled SWE for the historical climate period did not differ depending on choice of lapse rates but substantial differences emerged between modeled SWE with the original and bias-corrected forcing data. Inter-forcing dataset differences in modeled SWE during the historical period were largely controlled by differences in estimates of longwave irradiance and temperature between datasets. For the warming scenarios, the SWE sensitivity differed significantly at all elevations between the bias-corrected and original data, but (as in the post-calibration historical period) did not depend on choice of lapse rates. At low to mid elevations, climate change impacts on snow were largely controlled by temperature-driven shifts from snowfall to rainfall, while at high elevations, precipitation variability controlled SWE sensitivity. With just a 2°C increase in temperature, peak snow accumulation occurred 20-30 days earlier and was 20-60% smaller, the length of the snow covered season decreased up to 50 days, and winter rainfall increased by 20-60%. With a 4°C increase, the shifts in timing were roughly doubled and the declines in snow and snowfall increased up to 80%. A 10% increase in precipitation had a negligible impact on basin-integrated declines, indicating that future precipitation variability has little chance of offsetting regional climate warming impacts on snow in the Oregon Cascades. These results highlight the challenges of modeling SWE in data sparse regions, the importance of bias correcting gridded meteorological forcing datasets for hydrologic modeling applications in regions of complex topography, and the strong temperature dependence of snow in the Oregon Cascades. Close

• 25. [Article] Daly_IJOC_2009_supporting material[1].pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Daly_IJOC_2009_supporting material[1].pdf Author: Unsworth, Michael H., Daly, Christopher, Conklin, David R. Title: Daly_IJOC_2009_supporting material[1].pdf Author: Unsworth, Michael H., Daly, Christopher, Conklin, David R. Close

• 26. [Article] topography(2).pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: topography(2).pdf Author: Unsworth, Michael H., Daly, Christopher, Conklin, David R. Title: topography(2).pdf Author: Unsworth, Michael H., Daly, Christopher, Conklin, David R. Close

• 27. [Article] Introducing a sensor to measure budburst and its environmental drivers

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Frontiers Research Foundation. The published article can be found at: http://www.frontiersi...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Introducing a sensor to measure budburst and its environmental drivers Author: Lintz, Heather E., Thomas, Christoph K., Kim, Youngil, Kleinknecht, George J., Still, Christopher J., Niemeier, James J., Salino-Hugg, Michael J., Kruger, Anton This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Frontiers Research Foundation. The published article can be found at: http://www.frontiersin.org/Plant_Science. Title: Introducing a sensor to measure budburst and its environmental drivers Author: Lintz, Heather E., Thomas, Christoph K., Kim, Youngil, Kleinknecht, George J., Still, Christopher J., Niemeier, James J., Salino-Hugg, Michael J., Kruger, Anton This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by the Frontiers Research Foundation. The published article can be found at: http://www.frontiersin.org/Plant_Science. Close

• 28. [Article] Small broomrape (Orobanche minor) management using wheat (Triticum aestivum) as a false host

  Small broomrape (Orobanche minor) is an obligate, chlorophyll-lacking parasite that parasitizes red clover (Trifolium pratense) roots. This study was conducted to develop and implement an integrated, biologically ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Small broomrape (Orobanche minor) management using wheat (Triticum aestivum) as a false host Author: Al-thahabi, Salam A. Small broomrape (Orobanche minor) is an obligate, chlorophyll-lacking parasite that parasitizes red clover (Trifolium pratense) roots. This study was conducted to develop and implement an integrated, biologically based control program for small broomrape by using wheat as a false host to reduce the soil seed bank. The relationship between temperature and small broomrape seed germination was investigated. Small broomrape seed germination increased as temperature increased from 5 to 20 C. The greatest germination was 75% with the 20 C treatment. For germination to occur, small broomrape must be stimulated by host or false plant exudates. The relationship between temperature and germination stimulant production by red clover and wheat was studied. There were differences in small broomrape germination when exudates from red clover grown for 8 wk were used. Small broomrape germination stimulated by exudates from wheat grown for 4 wk differed among germination temperatures tested. The least small broomrape germination occurred with the 15 C treatment. The timing of small broomrape germination stimulant production by red clover and wheat relative to crop growth stage was studied. The maximum germination was 77% using exudates produced by red clover at the 3-trifoliolate stage. For wheat, the maximum germination was 25% using exudates produced by 1-leaf wheat. Germination stimulant produced after the tillering stage of wheat was minimal. Red clover produced germination stimulant at all growth stages, while wheat produced germination stimulant only at early stages of development. A study investigated the number of winter wheat rotation life cycles (WRC) that are required to reduce parasitism of subsequent red clover crops. The greatest number of small broomrape attachments and the greatest small broomrape biomass were observed with 0-wheat rotation cycles (0-WRC), and both were reduced if wheat was included in the rotation. Above ground red clover biomass was less with the 0-WRC treatment than any of the other treatments. Wheat in rotation with red clover has the potential to reduce small broomrape impact on red clover. Title: Small broomrape (Orobanche minor) management using wheat (Triticum aestivum) as a false host Author: Al-thahabi, Salam A. Small broomrape (Orobanche minor) is an obligate, chlorophyll-lacking parasite that parasitizes red clover (Trifolium pratense) roots. This study was conducted to develop and implement an integrated, biologically based control program for small broomrape by using wheat as a false host to reduce the soil seed bank. The relationship between temperature and small broomrape seed germination was investigated. Small broomrape seed germination increased as temperature increased from 5 to 20 C. The greatest germination was 75% with the 20 C treatment. For germination to occur, small broomrape must be stimulated by host or false plant exudates. The relationship between temperature and germination stimulant production by red clover and wheat was studied. There were differences in small broomrape germination when exudates from red clover grown for 8 wk were used. Small broomrape germination stimulated by exudates from wheat grown for 4 wk differed among germination temperatures tested. The least small broomrape germination occurred with the 15 C treatment. The timing of small broomrape germination stimulant production by red clover and wheat relative to crop growth stage was studied. The maximum germination was 77% using exudates produced by red clover at the 3-trifoliolate stage. For wheat, the maximum germination was 25% using exudates produced by 1-leaf wheat. Germination stimulant produced after the tillering stage of wheat was minimal. Red clover produced germination stimulant at all growth stages, while wheat produced germination stimulant only at early stages of development. A study investigated the number of winter wheat rotation life cycles (WRC) that are required to reduce parasitism of subsequent red clover crops. The greatest number of small broomrape attachments and the greatest small broomrape biomass were observed with 0-wheat rotation cycles (0-WRC), and both were reduced if wheat was included in the rotation. Above ground red clover biomass was less with the 0-WRC treatment than any of the other treatments. Wheat in rotation with red clover has the potential to reduce small broomrape impact on red clover. Close

• 29. [Article] Hydraulic characterization and modeling of the Talking Water Garden wetland for evaluation of nitrogen removal

  The purpose of this research is to hydraulically characterize an engineered wetland in Albany, Oregon. The wetland receives treated wastewater from both Albany Millersburg Water Reclamation Facility (AMWRF) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hydraulic characterization and modeling of the Talking Water Garden wetland for evaluation of nitrogen removal Author: Huang, Tao The purpose of this research is to hydraulically characterize an engineered wetland in Albany, Oregon. The wetland receives treated wastewater from both Albany Millersburg Water Reclamation Facility (AMWRF) and ATI Wah Chang. AMWRF's water is municipal waste water. ATI Wah Chang's water comes from its nearby metal processing plant. The wetland is designed to remove thermal input as well as nitrogen species from both sources. ATI Wah Chang effluent has significant nitrate concentrations. A reliable model is needed to estimate the denitrification potential of the wetland. In order to construct a model, accurate hydraulic parameters such as residence time and flow rate are needed. In the first few days after ATI started flow, the aquatic conductivity level of the wetland increased significantly. Conductivity was used as a tracer to estimate residence times in the wetland as well as to measure the split ratios from different water sources in the wetland (ATI Wah Chang and AMWRF). A pilot test on conductivity and flow rate was carried out on a single pond. The pilot test was designed to accurately measure the influent and effluent from a single pond. Using this information, rates of infiltration as well as unintended flow paths could be identified. A third tracer test was performed using Rhodamine W.T. This test allowed for the determination of the residence time of each pond, the wetland as a whole, and identified stagnant zones within the ponds. To simulate the nitrogen transportation and transformation process, a numerical model was developed. The model's input parameters include reaction rate constants for nitrification and denitrification, volume of each pond, flow rate, flow path connections, and temperature. The model simulated the tracer test that was performed on the wetland to verify its accuracy. The model is also capable of predicting denitrification potential in both pilot scale and field scale. It is also temperature sensitive because temperatures vary significantly; for instance, in winter when the average temperature in Albany is <5°C, denitrification rates decrease significantly. Through this research, hydraulic characterization as well as current denitrification rates in the wetland were identified. Strategies for increasing the denitrification rate were also identified through this research. Title: Hydraulic characterization and modeling of the Talking Water Garden wetland for evaluation of nitrogen removal Author: Huang, Tao The purpose of this research is to hydraulically characterize an engineered wetland in Albany, Oregon. The wetland receives treated wastewater from both Albany Millersburg Water Reclamation Facility (AMWRF) and ATI Wah Chang. AMWRF's water is municipal waste water. ATI Wah Chang's water comes from its nearby metal processing plant. The wetland is designed to remove thermal input as well as nitrogen species from both sources. ATI Wah Chang effluent has significant nitrate concentrations. A reliable model is needed to estimate the denitrification potential of the wetland. In order to construct a model, accurate hydraulic parameters such as residence time and flow rate are needed. In the first few days after ATI started flow, the aquatic conductivity level of the wetland increased significantly. Conductivity was used as a tracer to estimate residence times in the wetland as well as to measure the split ratios from different water sources in the wetland (ATI Wah Chang and AMWRF). A pilot test on conductivity and flow rate was carried out on a single pond. The pilot test was designed to accurately measure the influent and effluent from a single pond. Using this information, rates of infiltration as well as unintended flow paths could be identified. A third tracer test was performed using Rhodamine W.T. This test allowed for the determination of the residence time of each pond, the wetland as a whole, and identified stagnant zones within the ponds. To simulate the nitrogen transportation and transformation process, a numerical model was developed. The model's input parameters include reaction rate constants for nitrification and denitrification, volume of each pond, flow rate, flow path connections, and temperature. The model simulated the tracer test that was performed on the wetland to verify its accuracy. The model is also capable of predicting denitrification potential in both pilot scale and field scale. It is also temperature sensitive because temperatures vary significantly; for instance, in winter when the average temperature in Albany is <5°C, denitrification rates decrease significantly. Through this research, hydraulic characterization as well as current denitrification rates in the wetland were identified. Strategies for increasing the denitrification rate were also identified through this research. Close

• 30. [Article] Introducing and validating a high-throughput bud break sensor

  Bud break is a key adaptive trait that can help us understand how plants respond to a changing climate from the molecular to landscape scale. Despite this, acquisition of bud break data is currently constrained ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Introducing and validating a high-throughput bud break sensor Author: Kleinknecht, George J. Bud break is a key adaptive trait that can help us understand how plants respond to a changing climate from the molecular to landscape scale. Despite this, acquisition of bud break data is currently constrained by cost, scale, and a lack of information at the plant scale on the environmental stimuli that precede and cause bud dormancy to release. Additionally, to date, little effort has been devoted to phenotyping plants in nature owing to the challenge of controlling for environmental variation to isolate genomic effects on plant phenotype. Notwithstanding, natural selection operates on natural populations, and investigation of adaptive phenotypes in situ is warranted and can validate results from controlled laboratory experiments. In order to identify genomic effects on individual plant phenotypes in nature, environmental drivers must be concurrently measured and characterized. Here, we innovated and evaluated a sensor to meet these requirements for temperate woody plants. It was designed for use on a tree branch to measure the timing of bud break together with its key environmental drivers, temperature and day length. Specifically, we evaluated the sensor through independent corroboration with time-lapse photography and a suite of environmental sampling instruments. We also tested whether the presence of the device itself on a branch influenced the timing of bud break. Our results indicated the following: the bud break sensor's digital thermometer closely approximated a thermocouple touching plant tissue; the photoperiod detector measured ambient light with the same accuracy as time lapse photography; the phenology sensor accurately detected the timing of bud break; and the sensor itself did not influence bud phenology. Future use of the sensor can help galvanize a new field of study, landscape phenomics, or high-throughput phenotyping of organisms at the landscape level for integration with landscape genomics among other potential applications and disciplines. Title: Introducing and validating a high-throughput bud break sensor Author: Kleinknecht, George J. Bud break is a key adaptive trait that can help us understand how plants respond to a changing climate from the molecular to landscape scale. Despite this, acquisition of bud break data is currently constrained by cost, scale, and a lack of information at the plant scale on the environmental stimuli that precede and cause bud dormancy to release. Additionally, to date, little effort has been devoted to phenotyping plants in nature owing to the challenge of controlling for environmental variation to isolate genomic effects on plant phenotype. Notwithstanding, natural selection operates on natural populations, and investigation of adaptive phenotypes in situ is warranted and can validate results from controlled laboratory experiments. In order to identify genomic effects on individual plant phenotypes in nature, environmental drivers must be concurrently measured and characterized. Here, we innovated and evaluated a sensor to meet these requirements for temperate woody plants. It was designed for use on a tree branch to measure the timing of bud break together with its key environmental drivers, temperature and day length. Specifically, we evaluated the sensor through independent corroboration with time-lapse photography and a suite of environmental sampling instruments. We also tested whether the presence of the device itself on a branch influenced the timing of bud break. Our results indicated the following: the bud break sensor's digital thermometer closely approximated a thermocouple touching plant tissue; the photoperiod detector measured ambient light with the same accuracy as time lapse photography; the phenology sensor accurately detected the timing of bud break; and the sensor itself did not influence bud phenology. Future use of the sensor can help galvanize a new field of study, landscape phenomics, or high-throughput phenotyping of organisms at the landscape level for integration with landscape genomics among other potential applications and disciplines. Close