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• 1. [Article] NelsonSFishWildlifeBuildingTwoDecades.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: NelsonSFishWildlifeBuildingTwoDecades.pdf Author: DellaSala, Dominick A., Baker, Rowan, Heiken, Doug, Nelson, S. Kim, et al. Title: NelsonSFishWildlifeBuildingTwoDecades.pdf Author: DellaSala, Dominick A., Baker, Rowan, Heiken, Doug, Nelson, S. Kim, et al. Close

• 2. [Article] DellaSalaBuildingTwoDecades(Correction).pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: DellaSalaBuildingTwoDecades(Correction).pdf Author: DellaSala, Dominick A., Baker, Rowan, Heiken, Doug, Nelson, S. Kim, et al. Title: DellaSalaBuildingTwoDecades(Correction).pdf Author: DellaSala, Dominick A., Baker, Rowan, Heiken, Doug, Nelson, S. Kim, et al. Close

• 3. [Article] RoeverCEOARCCattleGrazingSemiarid.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: RoeverCEOARCCattleGrazingSemiarid.pdf Author: DelCurto, T., Rowland, M., Roever, C. L., Vavra, M., Wisdom, M. Title: RoeverCEOARCCattleGrazingSemiarid.pdf Author: DelCurto, T., Rowland, M., Roever, C. L., Vavra, M., Wisdom, M. Close

• 4. [Article] RoeverCEOARCCattleGrazingSemiaridSupplementalData.pdf

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: RoeverCEOARCCattleGrazingSemiaridSupplementalData.pdf Author: DelCurto, T., Rowland, M., Roever, C. L., Vavra, M., Wisdom, M. Title: RoeverCEOARCCattleGrazingSemiaridSupplementalData.pdf Author: DelCurto, T., Rowland, M., Roever, C. L., Vavra, M., Wisdom, M. Close

• 5. [Article] Spatial and temporal effects of atmospheric deposition, climate, and land management on forest nutrient cycling and biodiversity

  Emissions largely associated with the combustion of fossil fuels and agriculture has caused elevated atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) throughout much of the developed world. Increased ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spatial and temporal effects of atmospheric deposition, climate, and land management on forest nutrient cycling and biodiversity Author: McDonnell, Todd C. Emissions largely associated with the combustion of fossil fuels and agriculture has caused elevated atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) throughout much of the developed world. Increased atmospheric deposition of N and S can lead to soil and surface water acidification and affect forest soil nutrient supply. The critical load (CL) of atmospheric deposition is the level of deposition below which significant harm to ecosystems is not likely to occur. The critical load provides an understanding of the extent to which terrestrial and aquatic systems may be affected by air pollution at present or in the future. This research implements novel methods for generating CL estimates of N and S deposition and evaluates spatial and temporal trends in soil chemistry and plant biodiversity with respect to future climate and land management scenarios. Results are presented in the context of chemical thresholds known to be associated with adverse impacts to terrestrial and aquatic biota of the southern Appalachian Mountains and high elevation Colorado Rocky Mountains. Title: Spatial and temporal effects of atmospheric deposition, climate, and land management on forest nutrient cycling and biodiversity Author: McDonnell, Todd C. Emissions largely associated with the combustion of fossil fuels and agriculture has caused elevated atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) throughout much of the developed world. Increased atmospheric deposition of N and S can lead to soil and surface water acidification and affect forest soil nutrient supply. The critical load (CL) of atmospheric deposition is the level of deposition below which significant harm to ecosystems is not likely to occur. The critical load provides an understanding of the extent to which terrestrial and aquatic systems may be affected by air pollution at present or in the future. This research implements novel methods for generating CL estimates of N and S deposition and evaluates spatial and temporal trends in soil chemistry and plant biodiversity with respect to future climate and land management scenarios. Results are presented in the context of chemical thresholds known to be associated with adverse impacts to terrestrial and aquatic biota of the southern Appalachian Mountains and high elevation Colorado Rocky Mountains. Close

• 6. [Article] Building on Two Decades of Ecosystem Management and Biodiversity Conservation under the Northwest Forest Plan, USA

  Correction: We discovered two typos and a change in a sentence needed in our published manuscript. Regarding the typos: timber estimates in Section 2 of the NWFP’s Long-Term Objectives should have been ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Building on Two Decades of Ecosystem Management and Biodiversity Conservation under the Northwest Forest Plan, USA Author: DellaSala, Dominick A., Baker, Rowan, Heiken, Doug, Nelson, S. Kim, et al. Correction: We discovered two typos and a change in a sentence needed in our published manuscript. Regarding the typos: timber estimates in Section 2 of the NWFP’s Long-Term Objectives should have been 2.34 million cubic meters annually instead of 234 million cubic meters annually and ~1.78 million cubic meters instead of 178 million cubic meters annually. The statement regarding murrelet populations—“Trends were downward (but not significant) in other NWFP states” should be deleted in this paper [1]. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused to the readers by these changes. Title: Building on Two Decades of Ecosystem Management and Biodiversity Conservation under the Northwest Forest Plan, USA Author: DellaSala, Dominick A., Baker, Rowan, Heiken, Doug, Nelson, S. Kim, et al. Correction: We discovered two typos and a change in a sentence needed in our published manuscript. Regarding the typos: timber estimates in Section 2 of the NWFP’s Long-Term Objectives should have been 2.34 million cubic meters annually instead of 234 million cubic meters annually and ~1.78 million cubic meters instead of 178 million cubic meters annually. The statement regarding murrelet populations—“Trends were downward (but not significant) in other NWFP states” should be deleted in this paper [1]. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused to the readers by these changes. Close

• 7. [Article] Cattle grazing in semiarid forestlands: Habitat selection during periods of drought

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cattle grazing in semiarid forestlands: Habitat selection during periods of drought Author: DelCurto, T., Rowland, M., Roever, C. L., Vavra, M., Wisdom, M. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Society of Animal Science and can be found at: https://www.animalsciencepublications.org/publications/jas Title: Cattle grazing in semiarid forestlands: Habitat selection during periods of drought Author: DelCurto, T., Rowland, M., Roever, C. L., Vavra, M., Wisdom, M. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Society of Animal Science and can be found at: https://www.animalsciencepublications.org/publications/jas Close

• 8. [Article] Aquatic community responses to drought disturbance: experimental manipulations of top predator extinctions and stream drying

  Although it is generally assumed that the intensifying abiotic environment is the primary effect of drought on aquatic organisms, drought-induced top predator extinctions may be an important underlying ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aquatic community responses to drought disturbance: experimental manipulations of top predator extinctions and stream drying Author: Boersma, Kate S. Although it is generally assumed that the intensifying abiotic environment is the primary effect of drought on aquatic organisms, drought-induced top predator extinctions may be an important underlying mechanism. I used manipulative experiments to disentangle the impacts of drying and top predator extinctions on arid-land aquatic invertebrate communities. I then created a general conceptual framework that specifies how biotic and abiotic disturbances affect the composition of biological traits of species in a community (functional trait composition) and tested the framework with data from the manipulative experiments and a field study. Finally, I proposed a new metric to calculate the difference in functional trait composition between undisturbed and disturbed communities (called “functional distance”) and used it to understand trait turnover between undisturbed and disturbed arid-land stream communities. In Chapter 2, I describe two manipulative experiments in which I removed an invertebrate top predator from mesocosms containing arid-land stream invertebrates and recorded changes in the aquatic community. I found that top predator removal consistently decreased the abundance of detritivores and increased the abundance of mesopredators, even under different background environmental conditions. Chapter 3 describes a second mesocosm study in which I manipulated drying severity and measured aquatic community responses. My severe drying treatment allowed mesocosms to desiccate to a depth of ~1cm, yet I still I found that taxonomic and functional trait composition did not vary between treatments. The only discernable effect of drying was a decrease in abundance and increase in density of invertebrates. This result suggests that arid-land aquatic communities are highly resistant to drying disturbance that falls within the range of natural seasonal and interannual droughts but not resistant to the novel disturbance of top predator extinctions. In Chapter 4 I describe a conceptual framework that uses functional trait diversity to understand the mechanisms behind community responses to disturbances. I applied the framework to datasets from Chapters 2 and 3 and an observational field study during severe drought. While the biotic disturbance of top predator removal did not affect species diversity in the taxonomic analysis, it increased the overall functional trait diversity and favored trait combinations associated with aerial dispersal and predatory feeding modes. Interestingly, although natural stream drying occurred concurrently with the local extinction of the invertebrate top predator in the field, this extreme abiotic disturbance was associated with a reduction in functional trait diversity. The contradictory effects of these two novel disturbance types highlight the importance of colonization and spatial context in the resilience of arid-land aquatic communities to future disturbances; differences between disturbed and undisturbed communities in both top predator removal and catastrophic stream drying studies were associated with aerially dispersing invertebrates. My work suggests that combining taxonomic and functional trait analyses in a rigorous hypothesis-testing framework can reveal hidden mechanisms behind the effects of drought on aquatic communities. Ultimately, I hope that this framework can be applied to other disturbed systems to better understand the effects of human actions on ecological communities. Title: Aquatic community responses to drought disturbance: experimental manipulations of top predator extinctions and stream drying Author: Boersma, Kate S. Although it is generally assumed that the intensifying abiotic environment is the primary effect of drought on aquatic organisms, drought-induced top predator extinctions may be an important underlying mechanism. I used manipulative experiments to disentangle the impacts of drying and top predator extinctions on arid-land aquatic invertebrate communities. I then created a general conceptual framework that specifies how biotic and abiotic disturbances affect the composition of biological traits of species in a community (functional trait composition) and tested the framework with data from the manipulative experiments and a field study. Finally, I proposed a new metric to calculate the difference in functional trait composition between undisturbed and disturbed communities (called “functional distance”) and used it to understand trait turnover between undisturbed and disturbed arid-land stream communities. In Chapter 2, I describe two manipulative experiments in which I removed an invertebrate top predator from mesocosms containing arid-land stream invertebrates and recorded changes in the aquatic community. I found that top predator removal consistently decreased the abundance of detritivores and increased the abundance of mesopredators, even under different background environmental conditions. Chapter 3 describes a second mesocosm study in which I manipulated drying severity and measured aquatic community responses. My severe drying treatment allowed mesocosms to desiccate to a depth of ~1cm, yet I still I found that taxonomic and functional trait composition did not vary between treatments. The only discernable effect of drying was a decrease in abundance and increase in density of invertebrates. This result suggests that arid-land aquatic communities are highly resistant to drying disturbance that falls within the range of natural seasonal and interannual droughts but not resistant to the novel disturbance of top predator extinctions. In Chapter 4 I describe a conceptual framework that uses functional trait diversity to understand the mechanisms behind community responses to disturbances. I applied the framework to datasets from Chapters 2 and 3 and an observational field study during severe drought. While the biotic disturbance of top predator removal did not affect species diversity in the taxonomic analysis, it increased the overall functional trait diversity and favored trait combinations associated with aerial dispersal and predatory feeding modes. Interestingly, although natural stream drying occurred concurrently with the local extinction of the invertebrate top predator in the field, this extreme abiotic disturbance was associated with a reduction in functional trait diversity. The contradictory effects of these two novel disturbance types highlight the importance of colonization and spatial context in the resilience of arid-land aquatic communities to future disturbances; differences between disturbed and undisturbed communities in both top predator removal and catastrophic stream drying studies were associated with aerially dispersing invertebrates. My work suggests that combining taxonomic and functional trait analyses in a rigorous hypothesis-testing framework can reveal hidden mechanisms behind the effects of drought on aquatic communities. Ultimately, I hope that this framework can be applied to other disturbed systems to better understand the effects of human actions on ecological communities. Close