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• 1. [Image] Implementing gender policy in the water and sanitation sector

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Implementing gender policy in the water and sanitation sector Author: Davis, Susan Schaefer Year: 1996 Title: Implementing gender policy in the water and sanitation sector Author: Davis, Susan Schaefer Year: 1996 Close

• 2. [Article] A Community Engaged Approach to Address Intimate Partner Violence among Sexual Minority Women

  In response to a dearth of empirical literature concerning the mechanisms underlying female same-sex intimate partner violence (FSSIPV) perpetration, the purpose of this research is to inform intimate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Community Engaged Approach to Address Intimate Partner Violence among Sexual Minority Women Author: Smith, Rachel Marie Year: 2016 In response to a dearth of empirical literature concerning the mechanisms underlying female same-sex intimate partner violence (FSSIPV) perpetration, the purpose of this research is to inform intimate partner violence intervention and prevention strategies specific to sexual minority women. The research responds in particular, this research aims to inform a working intersectional model predicting FSSIPV perpetration, and to evaluate the face validity and construct coverage of existing survey measures related to gender, minority stress, and violence. Fourteen lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer women recruited from the greater Portland, Oregon area participated in a series of in-depth, semi-structured, open-ended one-on-one and focus group interviews. Participant recruitment involved a combination of purposive and convenience sampling methods aided by the involvement of multiple community partners working in violence and education related fields. Interview and focus group questions addressed participants' experiences with gender role stress and minority stress. Grounded theory analysis of participants' narrative responses informed the coverage and relevance of constructs in a working intersectional model predicting women's use of violence in their same-gender intimate relationships. In particular, findings indicate that sexual minority women's experiences of gender role stress and minority stress, particularly in combination, were especially influential on their identities. Sexual minority women's experiences with minority stressors were not confined to minority stressors specific to their gender identities and sexual orientations, but intersected with minority stressors related to race and class as well. These findings support an intersectional and contextually-minded approach to IPV intervention and prevention strategies. Title: A Community Engaged Approach to Address Intimate Partner Violence among Sexual Minority Women Author: Smith, Rachel Marie Year: 2016 In response to a dearth of empirical literature concerning the mechanisms underlying female same-sex intimate partner violence (FSSIPV) perpetration, the purpose of this research is to inform intimate partner violence intervention and prevention strategies specific to sexual minority women. The research responds in particular, this research aims to inform a working intersectional model predicting FSSIPV perpetration, and to evaluate the face validity and construct coverage of existing survey measures related to gender, minority stress, and violence. Fourteen lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer women recruited from the greater Portland, Oregon area participated in a series of in-depth, semi-structured, open-ended one-on-one and focus group interviews. Participant recruitment involved a combination of purposive and convenience sampling methods aided by the involvement of multiple community partners working in violence and education related fields. Interview and focus group questions addressed participants' experiences with gender role stress and minority stress. Grounded theory analysis of participants' narrative responses informed the coverage and relevance of constructs in a working intersectional model predicting women's use of violence in their same-gender intimate relationships. In particular, findings indicate that sexual minority women's experiences of gender role stress and minority stress, particularly in combination, were especially influential on their identities. Sexual minority women's experiences with minority stressors were not confined to minority stressors specific to their gender identities and sexual orientations, but intersected with minority stressors related to race and class as well. These findings support an intersectional and contextually-minded approach to IPV intervention and prevention strategies. Close

• 3. [Article] Women in engineering: A video exploration and analysis of under-representation

  In a society where equality is sought as the norm, occupational gender representation is still skewed in some disciplines. One field where gender equality in representation has not yet been achieved is ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Women in engineering: A video exploration and analysis of under-representation Author: Chi, Justin L. In a society where equality is sought as the norm, occupational gender representation is still skewed in some disciplines. One field where gender equality in representation has not yet been achieved is engineering, whether in college or at the professional level. This imbalance is not only a potentially vicious cycle but also has numerous negative implications. Engineering is a discipline that benefits from and requires diversity in background, experience, thought processes, and other traits that both men and women bring. This project sought to gain a deeper understanding of the issues of female under-representation in engineering programs at the college level, and the resulting under-representation of women awarded undergraduate engineering degrees and the subsequent under-representation in the workforce. Analysis of recruitment processes and interviews with current engineering students were used to study this topic and provide a basis for the creation of a recruitment video. Title: Women in engineering: A video exploration and analysis of under-representation Author: Chi, Justin L. In a society where equality is sought as the norm, occupational gender representation is still skewed in some disciplines. One field where gender equality in representation has not yet been achieved is engineering, whether in college or at the professional level. This imbalance is not only a potentially vicious cycle but also has numerous negative implications. Engineering is a discipline that benefits from and requires diversity in background, experience, thought processes, and other traits that both men and women bring. This project sought to gain a deeper understanding of the issues of female under-representation in engineering programs at the college level, and the resulting under-representation of women awarded undergraduate engineering degrees and the subsequent under-representation in the workforce. Analysis of recruitment processes and interviews with current engineering students were used to study this topic and provide a basis for the creation of a recruitment video. Close

• 4. [Article] Unpacking success : progressive politics and stalled gender equity at the Mitraniketan People's College

  Founded over fifty years ago by K. Viswanathan, the Mitraniketan educational facility in Kerala, India provides literacy and vocational education to socially marginalized women, men, and children through ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Unpacking success : progressive politics and stalled gender equity at the Mitraniketan People's College Author: Glick, Stephanie Nahima Founded over fifty years ago by K. Viswanathan, the Mitraniketan educational facility in Kerala, India provides literacy and vocational education to socially marginalized women, men, and children through nursery, elementary, high school and an educational preparatory program for young adults. Viswanathan founded the school on several ideals including Neo-Marxist, Quaker, and Gandhian notions of community participation as well as ones that emphasize the social and personal agency of marginalized peoples. This study focuses largely on the Mitraniketan People's College (MPC) and seeks to identify: 1) that which has contributed to the longevity and success of Mitraniketan; 2) any structural inequities that may or may not exist between educational offerings for women and men learners enrolled at the Mitraniketan People's College; and 3) the extent to which learners (particularly women) contribute to the development of their programs. Study participants included a combination of seventeen current and graduated students, as well as teachers, school administrators and the schools' founder. Ethnographic and feminist methodological approaches including participant observation were employed in data collection and analysis. This work draws upon the theoretical frameworks of progressive pedagogy, as well as transnational and postcolonial feminisms. Research outcomes revealed that 1) the school's longevity is grounded in the reciprocal relationship that the school's founder has established with various communities but that the strength of programming remains tenuous; 2) while female students at MPC are offered equal opportunities for learning, program offerings lack gender equity; and 3) while the ideals for liberatory education are in place, they are not consistently practiced; thus, students do not make holistic contributions to program development. Title: Unpacking success : progressive politics and stalled gender equity at the Mitraniketan People's College Author: Glick, Stephanie Nahima Founded over fifty years ago by K. Viswanathan, the Mitraniketan educational facility in Kerala, India provides literacy and vocational education to socially marginalized women, men, and children through nursery, elementary, high school and an educational preparatory program for young adults. Viswanathan founded the school on several ideals including Neo-Marxist, Quaker, and Gandhian notions of community participation as well as ones that emphasize the social and personal agency of marginalized peoples. This study focuses largely on the Mitraniketan People's College (MPC) and seeks to identify: 1) that which has contributed to the longevity and success of Mitraniketan; 2) any structural inequities that may or may not exist between educational offerings for women and men learners enrolled at the Mitraniketan People's College; and 3) the extent to which learners (particularly women) contribute to the development of their programs. Study participants included a combination of seventeen current and graduated students, as well as teachers, school administrators and the schools' founder. Ethnographic and feminist methodological approaches including participant observation were employed in data collection and analysis. This work draws upon the theoretical frameworks of progressive pedagogy, as well as transnational and postcolonial feminisms. Research outcomes revealed that 1) the school's longevity is grounded in the reciprocal relationship that the school's founder has established with various communities but that the strength of programming remains tenuous; 2) while female students at MPC are offered equal opportunities for learning, program offerings lack gender equity; and 3) while the ideals for liberatory education are in place, they are not consistently practiced; thus, students do not make holistic contributions to program development. Close

• 5. [Article] Narratives of Desire: Gender and Sexuality in Bugul, Aidoo and Chiziane

  Colonial narratives and nationalist rhetoric in Africa have always associated female sexuality with male desire and consumption, aberrance, or perversion. While historical narratives suggested that native ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Narratives of Desire: Gender and Sexuality in Bugul, Aidoo and Chiziane Author: Da Silva, Meyre Year: 2013 Colonial narratives and nationalist rhetoric in Africa have always associated female sexuality with male desire and consumption, aberrance, or perversion. While historical narratives suggested that native women's bodies should be tamed and possessed, African nationalist narratives usually equated female bodies with land, nature, and spirituality. In different ways, both colonialists and nationalists appropriated the female body and sexuality to convey ideologies concerning the conquest of distant lands or related to the dignity of the colonized people. This dissertation examines how African women writers' representation of female desire counternarrates colonialist and nationalist tales while disturbing gender conventions and defying social norms in African contexts. By using feminist theories, cultural studies, and postcolonial theory, I examine the ways that Ama Ata Aidoo's Changes: A Love Story, Paulina Chiziane's Niketche: Uma Historia de Poligamia, and Ken Bugul's Le Baobab Fou reveal female sexuality while simultaneously subverting discourses that often define female bodies as sexual objects or as spiritual entities-- as the Mother Africa, a trope widespread in the speeches of the Negritude movement. Through the analysis of these literary works, I present how these African women writers have used discursive strategies about female desire to demonstrate the consequences of the colonial encounter and post-independence policies on neo-colonial women's bodies and minds as well as to reveal the exclusion of women's voices from national affairs. These works not only confront history but also interrogate the role of literature and the work of art. Through their literary works, Bugul, Chiziane, and Aidoo bring to literature characteristics of African arts, reinventing the literary in order to forge a medium that is able to give sense to African women's experience. Title: Narratives of Desire: Gender and Sexuality in Bugul, Aidoo and Chiziane Author: Da Silva, Meyre Year: 2013 Colonial narratives and nationalist rhetoric in Africa have always associated female sexuality with male desire and consumption, aberrance, or perversion. While historical narratives suggested that native women's bodies should be tamed and possessed, African nationalist narratives usually equated female bodies with land, nature, and spirituality. In different ways, both colonialists and nationalists appropriated the female body and sexuality to convey ideologies concerning the conquest of distant lands or related to the dignity of the colonized people. This dissertation examines how African women writers' representation of female desire counternarrates colonialist and nationalist tales while disturbing gender conventions and defying social norms in African contexts. By using feminist theories, cultural studies, and postcolonial theory, I examine the ways that Ama Ata Aidoo's Changes: A Love Story, Paulina Chiziane's Niketche: Uma Historia de Poligamia, and Ken Bugul's Le Baobab Fou reveal female sexuality while simultaneously subverting discourses that often define female bodies as sexual objects or as spiritual entities-- as the Mother Africa, a trope widespread in the speeches of the Negritude movement. Through the analysis of these literary works, I present how these African women writers have used discursive strategies about female desire to demonstrate the consequences of the colonial encounter and post-independence policies on neo-colonial women's bodies and minds as well as to reveal the exclusion of women's voices from national affairs. These works not only confront history but also interrogate the role of literature and the work of art. Through their literary works, Bugul, Chiziane, and Aidoo bring to literature characteristics of African arts, reinventing the literary in order to forge a medium that is able to give sense to African women's experience. Close

• 6. [Article] Piety, Honor, and the State: State-Sponsored Female Religious Authority and the Status of Women in Modern Moroccan Society

  70 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of International Studies and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Piety, Honor, and the State: State-Sponsored Female Religious Authority and the Status of Women in Modern Moroccan Society Author: Hoover, Sophie Year: 2015 70 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of International Studies and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Spring 2015. Title: Piety, Honor, and the State: State-Sponsored Female Religious Authority and the Status of Women in Modern Moroccan Society Author: Hoover, Sophie Year: 2015 70 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of International Studies and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Spring 2015. Close

• 7. [Article] Little Scientists: Identity, Self-Efficacy, and Attitudes Toward Science in a Girls' Science Camp

  Underrepresentation of women and minorities in the science, technology, and engineering (STEM) fields is a perennial concern for researchers and policy-makers. Many causes of this problem have been identified. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Little Scientists: Identity, Self-Efficacy, and Attitudes Toward Science in a Girls' Science Camp Author: Todd, Brandy Year: 2016 Underrepresentation of women and minorities in the science, technology, and engineering (STEM) fields is a perennial concern for researchers and policy-makers. Many causes of this problem have been identified. Less is known about what constitutes effective methods for increasing women’s participation in STEM. This study examines the role that identity formation plays in encouraging girls to pursue STEM education and careers utilizing data from a cohort-based, informal science enrichment program that targets middle-school-aged girls. A Mixed-methods design was employed to examine girls’ science interests, efficacy, attitudes, and identity—referred to as affinities. Quantitative data were collected before and after program participation using science affinity scales. Qualitative data included observations, focus groups, and individual interviews. This study builds on past research conducted on the same program. The study is presented in three components: fidelity of implementation, participant affinities, and science identity theory building. Quantitative and qualitative measures reveal that the program was implemented with high fidelity. Participants had high initial affinities for science as compared to a contrast group. Analysis of qualitative data of science affinities revealed several themes in girls’ attitudes, experiences, and intentions toward science. Emergent themes discussed include girls’ preferences and interests in science, gender and science efficacy, attitudes toward science, and elements of science identities. Archetypes of emergent science identities developed in this study (expert, experimenter, and inventor) inform different ways in which girls engage with and envision science study and careers. Implications for best practice in fostering science engagement and identities in middle-school-aged girls include the importance of hands-on science activities, the need for enthusiastic relatable role models, and an emphasis on deep understanding of scientific principles. Title: Little Scientists: Identity, Self-Efficacy, and Attitudes Toward Science in a Girls' Science Camp Author: Todd, Brandy Year: 2016 Underrepresentation of women and minorities in the science, technology, and engineering (STEM) fields is a perennial concern for researchers and policy-makers. Many causes of this problem have been identified. Less is known about what constitutes effective methods for increasing women’s participation in STEM. This study examines the role that identity formation plays in encouraging girls to pursue STEM education and careers utilizing data from a cohort-based, informal science enrichment program that targets middle-school-aged girls. A Mixed-methods design was employed to examine girls’ science interests, efficacy, attitudes, and identity—referred to as affinities. Quantitative data were collected before and after program participation using science affinity scales. Qualitative data included observations, focus groups, and individual interviews. This study builds on past research conducted on the same program. The study is presented in three components: fidelity of implementation, participant affinities, and science identity theory building. Quantitative and qualitative measures reveal that the program was implemented with high fidelity. Participants had high initial affinities for science as compared to a contrast group. Analysis of qualitative data of science affinities revealed several themes in girls’ attitudes, experiences, and intentions toward science. Emergent themes discussed include girls’ preferences and interests in science, gender and science efficacy, attitudes toward science, and elements of science identities. Archetypes of emergent science identities developed in this study (expert, experimenter, and inventor) inform different ways in which girls engage with and envision science study and careers. Implications for best practice in fostering science engagement and identities in middle-school-aged girls include the importance of hands-on science activities, the need for enthusiastic relatable role models, and an emphasis on deep understanding of scientific principles. Close

• 8. [Article] Women in Advertising Creative Departments in South Africa: Restricting Factors and Empowerment

  105 pages. A thesis presented to the School of Journalism and Communication and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Women in Advertising Creative Departments in South Africa: Restricting Factors and Empowerment Author: Davis, Tashia Year: 2015 105 pages. A thesis presented to the School of Journalism and Communication and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Spring 2015. Title: Women in Advertising Creative Departments in South Africa: Restricting Factors and Empowerment Author: Davis, Tashia Year: 2015 105 pages. A thesis presented to the School of Journalism and Communication and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Spring 2015. Close

• 9. [Article] A Comparison of the Representations of Women in Zuozhuan and Shiji

  From Chunqiu and Zuozhuan to Shiji, women have experienced a downgrade of their formal status in historical records. In Shiji, women, the wives of dukes, lost their formal equality with their duke husbands ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Comparison of the Representations of Women in Zuozhuan and Shiji Author: Zheng, Xiucai Year: 2012 From Chunqiu and Zuozhuan to Shiji, women have experienced a downgrade of their formal status in historical records. In Shiji, women, the wives of dukes, lost their formal equality with their duke husbands in terms of being written into state history, as we see in Chunqiu. Their activities, including marriage, returning home, visits, and death, disappeared from Sima Qian’s history for the Spring and Autumn period, which focuses on the activities of male members of ruling lineages. A positive representation of women’s wisdom, eloquence, and authority is no longer in the interest of nor taken as a ritual part of history writing in Shiji. In the terms of representation of women, especially those from the Spring and Autumn period, in Zuozhuan and Shiji, Zuozhuan gave fuller representation of women than Shiji and its attitude toward women was more positive in comparison to the latter. First, Zuozhuan in many examples presented women as having authority, agency and initiative; in the Shiji versions of these stories, the roles of women were reduced in order to strengthen the agency of and focalization through the male members of a ruling lineage toward a goal of a linear logic of succession. Second, Shiji stressed the disruptive role of women in state affairs by intensively preserving the stories in Zuozhuan that associated women with political disasters and emergencies. Third, Zuozhuan had a non-gendered approach to the effect of women’s wisdom, knowledge and eloquence; it left space for complexity of characterization for women. In contrast, Shiji and Lienü Zhuan, where these stories in Zuozhuan were transmitted, emphasized a patterned understanding of women and produced gender role types. With the representation of women in Shiji, the effect of the agency of women in history is patterned. In Shiji, women’s agency is more closely connected to political disasters and negative political situations. In the limited representation of positive heroines, their good roles came from their virtue in being self-restrictive and submissive. It implies as a historical teaching in Shiji that the limitation of the political autonomy of women is a way to promise the success of lineage and tradition. Title: A Comparison of the Representations of Women in Zuozhuan and Shiji Author: Zheng, Xiucai Year: 2012 From Chunqiu and Zuozhuan to Shiji, women have experienced a downgrade of their formal status in historical records. In Shiji, women, the wives of dukes, lost their formal equality with their duke husbands in terms of being written into state history, as we see in Chunqiu. Their activities, including marriage, returning home, visits, and death, disappeared from Sima Qian’s history for the Spring and Autumn period, which focuses on the activities of male members of ruling lineages. A positive representation of women’s wisdom, eloquence, and authority is no longer in the interest of nor taken as a ritual part of history writing in Shiji. In the terms of representation of women, especially those from the Spring and Autumn period, in Zuozhuan and Shiji, Zuozhuan gave fuller representation of women than Shiji and its attitude toward women was more positive in comparison to the latter. First, Zuozhuan in many examples presented women as having authority, agency and initiative; in the Shiji versions of these stories, the roles of women were reduced in order to strengthen the agency of and focalization through the male members of a ruling lineage toward a goal of a linear logic of succession. Second, Shiji stressed the disruptive role of women in state affairs by intensively preserving the stories in Zuozhuan that associated women with political disasters and emergencies. Third, Zuozhuan had a non-gendered approach to the effect of women’s wisdom, knowledge and eloquence; it left space for complexity of characterization for women. In contrast, Shiji and Lienü Zhuan, where these stories in Zuozhuan were transmitted, emphasized a patterned understanding of women and produced gender role types. With the representation of women in Shiji, the effect of the agency of women in history is patterned. In Shiji, women’s agency is more closely connected to political disasters and negative political situations. In the limited representation of positive heroines, their good roles came from their virtue in being self-restrictive and submissive. It implies as a historical teaching in Shiji that the limitation of the political autonomy of women is a way to promise the success of lineage and tradition. Close

• 10. [Article] A comparative study of the relative incidence of various vocal parameters among Black and white college females

  The purpose of this study was to make a comparative investigation of the voice quality of black and white women. A review of the literature revealed considerable research has been conducted in the area ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A comparative study of the relative incidence of various vocal parameters among Black and white college females Author: Jacobs, Barbara Kuhl Year: 1975 The purpose of this study was to make a comparative investigation of the voice quality of black and white women. A review of the literature revealed considerable research has been conducted in the area of black-white language differences in the United States, but very little research has been conducted regarding comparisons of voice quality of Blacks and Whites. The suggestion that certain voice qualities are more characteristic of Blacks or Whites when compared as groups led the writer to pursue the present investigation. Title: A comparative study of the relative incidence of various vocal parameters among Black and white college females Author: Jacobs, Barbara Kuhl Year: 1975 The purpose of this study was to make a comparative investigation of the voice quality of black and white women. A review of the literature revealed considerable research has been conducted in the area of black-white language differences in the United States, but very little research has been conducted regarding comparisons of voice quality of Blacks and Whites. The suggestion that certain voice qualities are more characteristic of Blacks or Whites when compared as groups led the writer to pursue the present investigation. Close