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• 1. [Article] Assessing Soil Lead Contamination at Multiple Scales in Oakland, California: Implications for Urban Agriculture and Environmental Justice

  As urban agriculture grows in popularity throughout North America, vacant lots, underutilized parks, and other open spaces are becoming prime targets for food production. In many post-industrial landscapes ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing Soil Lead Contamination at Multiple Scales in Oakland, California: Implications for Urban Agriculture and Environmental Justice Author: McClintock, Nathan Year: 2012 As urban agriculture grows in popularity throughout North America, vacant lots, underutilized parks, and other open spaces are becoming prime targets for food production. In many post-industrial landscapes and in neighborhoods with a high density of old housing stock, the risk of lead (Pb) contamination at such sites is raising concerns. This paper evaluates the extent to which soil Pb contamination may be an obstacle to the expansion of urban agriculture in Oakland, California. Using a combination of soil sampling at 112 sites, GIS, “hot spot” analysis, and reconstructed land use histories, the research reveals that soil Pb concentrations are generally lower than federal screening levels of 400 ppm, but significantly higher in West Oakland, the city's oldest area and home to a predominantly low-income and African American population. Lead levels are significantly lower in the affluent, predominantly white Oakland hills. Spatial analysis at city- and neighborhood-scales reveals clusters of Pb contamination related to land use history. Site-scale analyses at 12 sites reveals a high level of variability (in some cases related to land use history) that must be taken into consideration when planning for urban agriculture. Title: Assessing Soil Lead Contamination at Multiple Scales in Oakland, California: Implications for Urban Agriculture and Environmental Justice Author: McClintock, Nathan Year: 2012 As urban agriculture grows in popularity throughout North America, vacant lots, underutilized parks, and other open spaces are becoming prime targets for food production. In many post-industrial landscapes and in neighborhoods with a high density of old housing stock, the risk of lead (Pb) contamination at such sites is raising concerns. This paper evaluates the extent to which soil Pb contamination may be an obstacle to the expansion of urban agriculture in Oakland, California. Using a combination of soil sampling at 112 sites, GIS, “hot spot” analysis, and reconstructed land use histories, the research reveals that soil Pb concentrations are generally lower than federal screening levels of 400 ppm, but significantly higher in West Oakland, the city's oldest area and home to a predominantly low-income and African American population. Lead levels are significantly lower in the affluent, predominantly white Oakland hills. Spatial analysis at city- and neighborhood-scales reveals clusters of Pb contamination related to land use history. Site-scale analyses at 12 sites reveals a high level of variability (in some cases related to land use history) that must be taken into consideration when planning for urban agriculture. Close

• 2. [Article] Orient Rural Center Plan: Community Wide Solutions

  This document represents a chapter of the West of the Sandy River Rural Plan. The focus of this chapter addresses a smaller section within the study area which is zoned Rural Center (RC). In October, 1998 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Orient Rural Center Plan: Community Wide Solutions Author: Boylan, Patrick J., Brooks, David R., Kienholz, Donald D., Turner, M. Joseph Year: 1999 This document represents a chapter of the West of the Sandy River Rural Plan. The focus of this chapter addresses a smaller section within the study area which is zoned Rural Center (RC). In October, 1998 Community-Wide Solutions (CWS), a consulting team working with County staff, contracted to research, study, and draft a plan for the Orient Rural Center. The Orient Rural Center is an "unicorporated community" for which state law requires the County to plan (OAR 660-22). This chapter of the West of the Sandy River Rural Area Plan examines the land uses, history and possible futures for the Orient area. CWS contacted and spoke with interested citizens, held an open house in January and convened a second public meeting in February to present potential solutions to the issues raised at January's Open House. Title: Orient Rural Center Plan: Community Wide Solutions Author: Boylan, Patrick J., Brooks, David R., Kienholz, Donald D., Turner, M. Joseph Year: 1999 This document represents a chapter of the West of the Sandy River Rural Plan. The focus of this chapter addresses a smaller section within the study area which is zoned Rural Center (RC). In October, 1998 Community-Wide Solutions (CWS), a consulting team working with County staff, contracted to research, study, and draft a plan for the Orient Rural Center. The Orient Rural Center is an "unicorporated community" for which state law requires the County to plan (OAR 660-22). This chapter of the West of the Sandy River Rural Area Plan examines the land uses, history and possible futures for the Orient area. CWS contacted and spoke with interested citizens, held an open house in January and convened a second public meeting in February to present potential solutions to the issues raised at January's Open House. Close

• 3. [Article] How Well has Land-Use Planning Worked Under Different Governance Regimes? A Case Study in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA Metropolitan Area, USA

  We examine land use planning outcomes over a 30-year period in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA (USA) metropolitan area. The four-county study region enables comparisons between three Oregon counties subject ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: How Well has Land-Use Planning Worked Under Different Governance Regimes? A Case Study in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA Metropolitan Area, USA Author: Kline, Jeffrey D., Thiers, Paul R., Ozawa, Connie P., Yeakley, J. Alan, Gordon, Sean N. Year: 2014 We examine land use planning outcomes over a 30-year period in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA (USA) metropolitan area. The four-county study region enables comparisons between three Oregon counties subject to Oregon’s 1973 Land Use Act (Senate Bill 100) and Clark County, WA which implemented land use planning under Washington’s 1990 Growth Management Act. We describe county-level historical land uses from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s, including low-density residential and urban development, both outside and inside of current urban growth boundaries. We use difference-in-differences models to test whether differences in the proportions of developed land resulting from implementation of urban growth boundaries are statistically significant and whether they vary between Oregon and Washington. Our results suggest that land use planning and urban growth boundaries now mandated both in Oregon and Washington portions of the study area have had a measurable and statistically significant effect in containing development and conserving forest and agricultural lands in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area. Our results also suggest, however, that these effects differ across the four study-area counties, likely owing in part to differences in counties’ initial levels of development, distinctly different land use planning histories, and how restrictive their urban growth boundaries were drawn. Title: How Well has Land-Use Planning Worked Under Different Governance Regimes? A Case Study in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA Metropolitan Area, USA Author: Kline, Jeffrey D., Thiers, Paul R., Ozawa, Connie P., Yeakley, J. Alan, Gordon, Sean N. Year: 2014 We examine land use planning outcomes over a 30-year period in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA (USA) metropolitan area. The four-county study region enables comparisons between three Oregon counties subject to Oregon’s 1973 Land Use Act (Senate Bill 100) and Clark County, WA which implemented land use planning under Washington’s 1990 Growth Management Act. We describe county-level historical land uses from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s, including low-density residential and urban development, both outside and inside of current urban growth boundaries. We use difference-in-differences models to test whether differences in the proportions of developed land resulting from implementation of urban growth boundaries are statistically significant and whether they vary between Oregon and Washington. Our results suggest that land use planning and urban growth boundaries now mandated both in Oregon and Washington portions of the study area have had a measurable and statistically significant effect in containing development and conserving forest and agricultural lands in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area. Our results also suggest, however, that these effects differ across the four study-area counties, likely owing in part to differences in counties’ initial levels of development, distinctly different land use planning histories, and how restrictive their urban growth boundaries were drawn. Close

• 4. [Article] Patterns of Time, Place, and Culture: Land Use Zoning in Portland, Oregon, 1918-1924

  Until recently, few have questioned the notion that the separation of uses in land use zoning is inherently correct. Many observers of the city are now suggesting that zoning, as it has been practiced ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Patterns of Time, Place, and Culture: Land Use Zoning in Portland, Oregon, 1918-1924 Author: Merrick, Meg Year: 1998 Until recently, few have questioned the notion that the separation of uses in land use zoning is inherently correct. Many observers of the city are now suggesting that zoning, as it has been practiced in this country over the last 80 years, has created cities that are fractured and function poorly. Others propose that zoning should be reconsidered as a remedy for urban dysfunction. They suggest that the whole notion of zoning be rethought. The purpose of this study is to uncover some of the underlying rationales and methodologies that set the model for zoning. This study examines the rationales behind the classification and location of land use zones in a fast-growing area of Portland, Oregon, for its first zoning ordinance through history, culture, and geography. Between 1919 and 1924, two ordinances were prepared using two very different methodologies. The first of these was designed by nationally known consultant, Charles H. Cheney, using the latest scientific methods. After its rejection in the polls, a second ordinance was developed by a prominent group of realtors in conjunction with the city planning commission using more intuitive methods. This “realtors’ code” (MacColl 1979) was approved by the Portland electorate in 1924. Some fifty years later, the Portland planning commission would identify zoning as having played a significant role in the deterioration of the Buckman neighborhood in the study area. The comparison of the rationales and methods behind the locations of zone boundaries in both ordinances against the locations of actual uses in the study area, reveals the powerful influences of social Darwinism, laissez-faire attitudes, and newly developing social science methods on the association of zoning with the separation of uses and the land use patterns that were created. Title: Patterns of Time, Place, and Culture: Land Use Zoning in Portland, Oregon, 1918-1924 Author: Merrick, Meg Year: 1998 Until recently, few have questioned the notion that the separation of uses in land use zoning is inherently correct. Many observers of the city are now suggesting that zoning, as it has been practiced in this country over the last 80 years, has created cities that are fractured and function poorly. Others propose that zoning should be reconsidered as a remedy for urban dysfunction. They suggest that the whole notion of zoning be rethought. The purpose of this study is to uncover some of the underlying rationales and methodologies that set the model for zoning. This study examines the rationales behind the classification and location of land use zones in a fast-growing area of Portland, Oregon, for its first zoning ordinance through history, culture, and geography. Between 1919 and 1924, two ordinances were prepared using two very different methodologies. The first of these was designed by nationally known consultant, Charles H. Cheney, using the latest scientific methods. After its rejection in the polls, a second ordinance was developed by a prominent group of realtors in conjunction with the city planning commission using more intuitive methods. This “realtors’ code” (MacColl 1979) was approved by the Portland electorate in 1924. Some fifty years later, the Portland planning commission would identify zoning as having played a significant role in the deterioration of the Buckman neighborhood in the study area. The comparison of the rationales and methods behind the locations of zone boundaries in both ordinances against the locations of actual uses in the study area, reveals the powerful influences of social Darwinism, laissez-faire attitudes, and newly developing social science methods on the association of zoning with the separation of uses and the land use patterns that were created. Close

• 5. [Article] A history of the Portland waterfront between southwest Clay and Washington streets, its land use and legal problems

  Between 1845 and 1980 the Portland waterfront between southwest Washington and Clay Streets, east of Front Street, metamorphosed from wilderness to trade center, to highway, to inner-city vacant lot. No ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A history of the Portland waterfront between southwest Clay and Washington streets, its land use and legal problems Author: Carter, Jeffrey G. Year: 1981 Between 1845 and 1980 the Portland waterfront between southwest Washington and Clay Streets, east of Front Street, metamorphosed from wilderness to trade center, to highway, to inner-city vacant lot. No place in Portland has more graphically illustrated the rapidly changing forces of the modern age in which the city has grown. For much of its history this stretch of waterfront was mired in law suits. The struggles centered on public versus private ownership. Originally dedicated as public property, but left unimproved by the city, the waterfront was usurped by private investors. Eventually, private owners allowed their property to decay prompting the public to encourage improvements. The legal battles even became reversed as private investors sought to force the sale of the waterfront to the city. Through all the confusion of legal battles this stretch of waterfront played a central role in the development and identity of Portland. It has finally become, undisputed public territory. The tension and greed of private investment have been replaced by the lack of municipal funds for aesthetic improvement and have left this stretch of land, a potentially fine and important urban park, a vacant lot. Title: A history of the Portland waterfront between southwest Clay and Washington streets, its land use and legal problems Author: Carter, Jeffrey G. Year: 1981 Between 1845 and 1980 the Portland waterfront between southwest Washington and Clay Streets, east of Front Street, metamorphosed from wilderness to trade center, to highway, to inner-city vacant lot. No place in Portland has more graphically illustrated the rapidly changing forces of the modern age in which the city has grown. For much of its history this stretch of waterfront was mired in law suits. The struggles centered on public versus private ownership. Originally dedicated as public property, but left unimproved by the city, the waterfront was usurped by private investors. Eventually, private owners allowed their property to decay prompting the public to encourage improvements. The legal battles even became reversed as private investors sought to force the sale of the waterfront to the city. Through all the confusion of legal battles this stretch of waterfront played a central role in the development and identity of Portland. It has finally become, undisputed public territory. The tension and greed of private investment have been replaced by the lack of municipal funds for aesthetic improvement and have left this stretch of land, a potentially fine and important urban park, a vacant lot. Close

• 6. [Article] Land Use Framework Element of the CRAG Regional Plan

  The Land Use Framework Element is an element of the Regional Plan pursuant to Regional Objective II and to Section 3 of the Rules Adopting and Implementing the CRAG Goals and Objectives.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Use Framework Element of the CRAG Regional Plan Author: Columbia Region Association of Governments Year: 1976 The Land Use Framework Element is an element of the Regional Plan pursuant to Regional Objective II and to Section 3 of the Rules Adopting and Implementing the CRAG Goals and Objectives. Title: Land Use Framework Element of the CRAG Regional Plan Author: Columbia Region Association of Governments Year: 1976 The Land Use Framework Element is an element of the Regional Plan pursuant to Regional Objective II and to Section 3 of the Rules Adopting and Implementing the CRAG Goals and Objectives. Close

• 7. [Article] Looking Back at Planning Oregon

  An interview with Henry Richmond is the product of a new project called People and the Land: An Oral History of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Richmond explains the political and economic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Looking Back at Planning Oregon Author: Richmond, Henry, Sitzman, James Year: 2016 An interview with Henry Richmond is the product of a new project called People and the Land: An Oral History of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Richmond explains the political and economic conditions in which land use program was forged, and how these have changed over time. The full interview is available here: http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/16296 Title: Looking Back at Planning Oregon Author: Richmond, Henry, Sitzman, James Year: 2016 An interview with Henry Richmond is the product of a new project called People and the Land: An Oral History of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Richmond explains the political and economic conditions in which land use program was forged, and how these have changed over time. The full interview is available here: http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/16296 Close

• 8. [Article] A Land Use Network for the Johnson Creek Watershed

  This document presents a design for a Land Use Network. It is a starting point from which to build a network that connects, educates, and motivates stakeholders within the Johnson Creek Watershed to facilitate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Land Use Network for the Johnson Creek Watershed Author: Caldwell, Jessica, Felton, Joyce, Redden, Elisa, Pagenstecher, Gerhard Year: 1998 This document presents a design for a Land Use Network. It is a starting point from which to build a network that connects, educates, and motivates stakeholders within the Johnson Creek Watershed to facilitate effective participation in the land use process. The Johnson Creek Watershed Council contracted the Watershed Network Group (WNG) to design the Network as a mechanism for organizing efforts to promote environmentally sound development throughout the watershed. The Johnson Creek Watershed Council comprises representatives from government, residents, and business organizations with interest in the Johnson Creek Watershed. The need for a Land Use Network within the watershed arose because existing methods of monitoring and managing the effects of development on the watershed are inadequate for meeting current development pressures. Development pressures on the watershed have had negative effects on the watershed environment. Development pressures are expected to increase as expansion of the Urban Growth Boundary makes more land available for development. Currently, each jurisdiction addresses the impacts of development as they occur within its own boundary. However, the Johnson Creek Watershed extends across several jurisdictional boundaries, and environmental impacts are not confined to the jurisdiction of origin. The Johnson Creek Watershed Council was formed in 1992 to monitor and manage impacts across boundaries, on a watershed-wide basis. To operate effectively, the Council needs a way to establish two-way communication among all stakeholders in the watershed. A Land Use Network would help fill that need by providing a focal point for gathering and distributing land-use information. It would organize the information-gathering process, develop educational materials for public distribution, and organize the distribution channels. To develop the Land Use Network plan, the WNG researched the history of the watershed and its regulatory environment, theories of communication, and information on citizen participation networks. The WNG also conducted interviews and focus groups with current stakeholders to help clarify issues and identify communication needs that a Land Use Network might address. Finally, the WNG outlines a proposal for the Land Use Network. The proposal begins with a Network Structure diagram that illustrates the main elements of the Network Proposal. The elements of the Network Structure show how the Network can function effectively in the land use planning process. The issues, recommendations and actions provide methods for implementation for each element of the Network Structure. Finally, a summary of recommended actions shows the short-term, ongoing, and long-term implementation actions for the Network. This project was conducted under the supervision of Deborah Howe and Connie Ozawa. Title: A Land Use Network for the Johnson Creek Watershed Author: Caldwell, Jessica, Felton, Joyce, Redden, Elisa, Pagenstecher, Gerhard Year: 1998 This document presents a design for a Land Use Network. It is a starting point from which to build a network that connects, educates, and motivates stakeholders within the Johnson Creek Watershed to facilitate effective participation in the land use process. The Johnson Creek Watershed Council contracted the Watershed Network Group (WNG) to design the Network as a mechanism for organizing efforts to promote environmentally sound development throughout the watershed. The Johnson Creek Watershed Council comprises representatives from government, residents, and business organizations with interest in the Johnson Creek Watershed. The need for a Land Use Network within the watershed arose because existing methods of monitoring and managing the effects of development on the watershed are inadequate for meeting current development pressures. Development pressures on the watershed have had negative effects on the watershed environment. Development pressures are expected to increase as expansion of the Urban Growth Boundary makes more land available for development. Currently, each jurisdiction addresses the impacts of development as they occur within its own boundary. However, the Johnson Creek Watershed extends across several jurisdictional boundaries, and environmental impacts are not confined to the jurisdiction of origin. The Johnson Creek Watershed Council was formed in 1992 to monitor and manage impacts across boundaries, on a watershed-wide basis. To operate effectively, the Council needs a way to establish two-way communication among all stakeholders in the watershed. A Land Use Network would help fill that need by providing a focal point for gathering and distributing land-use information. It would organize the information-gathering process, develop educational materials for public distribution, and organize the distribution channels. To develop the Land Use Network plan, the WNG researched the history of the watershed and its regulatory environment, theories of communication, and information on citizen participation networks. The WNG also conducted interviews and focus groups with current stakeholders to help clarify issues and identify communication needs that a Land Use Network might address. Finally, the WNG outlines a proposal for the Land Use Network. The proposal begins with a Network Structure diagram that illustrates the main elements of the Network Proposal. The elements of the Network Structure show how the Network can function effectively in the land use planning process. The issues, recommendations and actions provide methods for implementation for each element of the Network Structure. Finally, a summary of recommended actions shows the short-term, ongoing, and long-term implementation actions for the Network. This project was conducted under the supervision of Deborah Howe and Connie Ozawa. Close

• 9. [Article] Settlement Patterns in the Portland Region: A Historical Overview

  Cities exist because they serve two basic functions--to generate economic value and to sustain social and cultural values. In the most fundamental sense, the interaction of these two urban roles determines ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Settlement Patterns in the Portland Region: A Historical Overview Author: Abbott, Carl Year: 1994 Cities exist because they serve two basic functions--to generate economic value and to sustain social and cultural values. In the most fundamental sense, the interaction of these two urban roles determines the growth of metropolitan areas and patterns of land use and settlement within those urban areas. Within this framework of metropolitan functions, five factors have strongly affected American urban settlement patterns. The first section of this report briefly introduces these broad forces. The central section traces in detail the ways in which the factors have shaped settlement and land use in the Portland area over the last 150 years. The concluding section suggests new ways in which these five basic factors may operate in the coming decades and briefly analyzes possible new effects on the region's settlement patterns. Title: Settlement Patterns in the Portland Region: A Historical Overview Author: Abbott, Carl Year: 1994 Cities exist because they serve two basic functions--to generate economic value and to sustain social and cultural values. In the most fundamental sense, the interaction of these two urban roles determines the growth of metropolitan areas and patterns of land use and settlement within those urban areas. Within this framework of metropolitan functions, five factors have strongly affected American urban settlement patterns. The first section of this report briefly introduces these broad forces. The central section traces in detail the ways in which the factors have shaped settlement and land use in the Portland area over the last 150 years. The concluding section suggests new ways in which these five basic factors may operate in the coming decades and briefly analyzes possible new effects on the region's settlement patterns. Close

• 10. [Article] Co-Evolution of Transportation and Land Use: Modeling HIstorical Dependencies in Land Use and Decision-Making

  The interaction between land use and transportation has long been the central issue in urban and regional planning. Models of such interactions provide vital information to support many public policy decisions, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Co-Evolution of Transportation and Land Use: Modeling HIstorical Dependencies in Land Use and Decision-Making Author: Zhang, Lei, Zu, Wei, Li, Mingxin Year: 2009 The interaction between land use and transportation has long been the central issue in urban and regional planning. Models of such interactions provide vital information to support many public policy decisions, such as land supply, infrastructure provision, and growth management. Both the transportation and land use systems exhibit historical dependencies in policy decisions. For instance, the expansion of a roadway today will change travel demand patterns, and make certain other roads more or less likely to be expanded in the future. A specific land supply decision made at one point in time, by changing the relative attractiveness of other areas in the region, can have a profound impact on future land supply decisions. Today’s land use decisions clearly influence future transportation policies and vice versa. This project examines the land use-transportation interaction from an evolutionary perspective — once a certain set of goals are determined and pursued by politicians and planners, their land supply and transportation investment decisions are, to a large extent, driven by their previous decisions and supply-demand dynamics in the urban system. Built upon this recognition of historical dependency and a transportation network growth model previously developed by the P.I., a model of the co-evolution of land use and transportation is proposed in this project. Different from existing integrated land use and transportation models that assume exogenous network investment decisions, the co-evolution model considers both land use growth and transportation network growth as endogenous and market-driven. The central research question is how market and policies translate into transportation facilities and land use developments on the ground. The co-evolution model achieves an Urban Growth Equilibrium, which is a useful concept for planning and policy analysis. An agent-based simulation approach is employed to integrate an existing land use model and the transportation network growth model. Title: Co-Evolution of Transportation and Land Use: Modeling HIstorical Dependencies in Land Use and Decision-Making Author: Zhang, Lei, Zu, Wei, Li, Mingxin Year: 2009 The interaction between land use and transportation has long been the central issue in urban and regional planning. Models of such interactions provide vital information to support many public policy decisions, such as land supply, infrastructure provision, and growth management. Both the transportation and land use systems exhibit historical dependencies in policy decisions. For instance, the expansion of a roadway today will change travel demand patterns, and make certain other roads more or less likely to be expanded in the future. A specific land supply decision made at one point in time, by changing the relative attractiveness of other areas in the region, can have a profound impact on future land supply decisions. Today’s land use decisions clearly influence future transportation policies and vice versa. This project examines the land use-transportation interaction from an evolutionary perspective — once a certain set of goals are determined and pursued by politicians and planners, their land supply and transportation investment decisions are, to a large extent, driven by their previous decisions and supply-demand dynamics in the urban system. Built upon this recognition of historical dependency and a transportation network growth model previously developed by the P.I., a model of the co-evolution of land use and transportation is proposed in this project. Different from existing integrated land use and transportation models that assume exogenous network investment decisions, the co-evolution model considers both land use growth and transportation network growth as endogenous and market-driven. The central research question is how market and policies translate into transportation facilities and land use developments on the ground. The co-evolution model achieves an Urban Growth Equilibrium, which is a useful concept for planning and policy analysis. An agent-based simulation approach is employed to integrate an existing land use model and the transportation network growth model. Close

• 11. [Article] Highlights: Accomplishments of Portland's Downtown Plan, Central City Plan, Albina Community Plan, Outer Southeast Community Plan

  All four plans were comprehensive. Their scope included transportation, housing, economic development, parks and open space, natural resources, urban design, and land use. Large scale planning efforts ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Highlights: Accomplishments of Portland's Downtown Plan, Central City Plan, Albina Community Plan, Outer Southeast Community Plan Author: Portland (Or.). Bureau of Planning Year: 2000 All four plans were comprehensive. Their scope included transportation, housing, economic development, parks and open space, natural resources, urban design, and land use. Large scale planning efforts had previously focused on a limited set of concerns, such as parking, commercial revitalization, or housing. The Downtown Plan, Central City Plan, Albina Community Plan, and Outer Southeast Community Plan, on the other hand, evaluated, balanced, and integrated the different elements so that each action was taken in light of its effect on others. Extensive citizen involvement shaped the content of these plans and contributed to their success. Title: Highlights: Accomplishments of Portland's Downtown Plan, Central City Plan, Albina Community Plan, Outer Southeast Community Plan Author: Portland (Or.). Bureau of Planning Year: 2000 All four plans were comprehensive. Their scope included transportation, housing, economic development, parks and open space, natural resources, urban design, and land use. Large scale planning efforts had previously focused on a limited set of concerns, such as parking, commercial revitalization, or housing. The Downtown Plan, Central City Plan, Albina Community Plan, and Outer Southeast Community Plan, on the other hand, evaluated, balanced, and integrated the different elements so that each action was taken in light of its effect on others. Extensive citizen involvement shaped the content of these plans and contributed to their success. Close

• 12. [Article] Toward a Spatial-Temporal Measure of Land-Use Mix

  Urban planning and public-health research has long been interested in the connection between land-use mix and travel. Interest from urban planners stems from the potential of transportation efficiency ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Toward a Spatial-Temporal Measure of Land-Use Mix Author: Gehrke, Steven R., Clifton, Kelly Year: 2015 Urban planning and public-health research has long been interested in the connection between land-use mix and travel. Interest from urban planners stems from the potential of transportation efficiency gains achieved by an increased land-use mix and subsequent shortening of trip lengths; whereas, public-health research advocates an increased land-use mix as an effective policy for facilitating greater physical activity. Yet, despite the transportation, land-use, and health benefits related to improving land-use mix and the extent of topical attention given by researchers, no consensus has been reached regarding the magnitude of its effect on travel. This absence of agreement may largely be attributed to the theoretical and methodological failings persistent in present attempts to accurately reflect land-use interaction and operationalize its quantification within a defined spatial extent. To better evaluate the impact of land-use mix on travel behavior and assess more temporal policies, a robust mix measure accounting for these two elements of land-use interaction and geographic scale as well as a temporal element of land-use mixing—missing from present specifications—must be introduced. This paper establishes the research agenda for a spatial-temporal land-use mix measure by (1) identifying the conceptual and methodological faults inherent to current land-use interaction and geographic-scale representations and (2) describing strategies and practical benefits of representing the temporal availability of land-use mixing in guiding innovative transportation/land-use policies. Title: Toward a Spatial-Temporal Measure of Land-Use Mix Author: Gehrke, Steven R., Clifton, Kelly Year: 2015 Urban planning and public-health research has long been interested in the connection between land-use mix and travel. Interest from urban planners stems from the potential of transportation efficiency gains achieved by an increased land-use mix and subsequent shortening of trip lengths; whereas, public-health research advocates an increased land-use mix as an effective policy for facilitating greater physical activity. Yet, despite the transportation, land-use, and health benefits related to improving land-use mix and the extent of topical attention given by researchers, no consensus has been reached regarding the magnitude of its effect on travel. This absence of agreement may largely be attributed to the theoretical and methodological failings persistent in present attempts to accurately reflect land-use interaction and operationalize its quantification within a defined spatial extent. To better evaluate the impact of land-use mix on travel behavior and assess more temporal policies, a robust mix measure accounting for these two elements of land-use interaction and geographic scale as well as a temporal element of land-use mixing—missing from present specifications—must be introduced. This paper establishes the research agenda for a spatial-temporal land-use mix measure by (1) identifying the conceptual and methodological faults inherent to current land-use interaction and geographic-scale representations and (2) describing strategies and practical benefits of representing the temporal availability of land-use mixing in guiding innovative transportation/land-use policies. Close

• 13. [Article] A Brief Portrait of Multimodal Transportation Planning in Oregon and the Path to Achieving It, 1890-1974

  This project was designed to outline transportation chapters of a planned written history of Oregon land use planning, written in ways that would make the transportation planning profession relevant to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Brief Portrait of Multimodal Transportation Planning in Oregon and the Path to Achieving It, 1890-1974 Author: Abbott, Carl, Lowry, Sam Year: 2010 This project was designed to outline transportation chapters of a planned written history of Oregon land use planning, written in ways that would make the transportation planning profession relevant to a popular audience. The writing would focus on stories from the profession, and on historical facts and events in Oregon transportation planning history that would surprise or enlighten popular reading audiences. Technology transfer would occur through publication of one or more written pieces of work. The result is a topical and historical tale entitled "A Brief Portrait of Multimodal Transportation Planning in Oregon and the Path to Achieving It, 1890-1974." Sources told stories with enthusiastic reference to past transportation events. The structure chosen was an interwoven collection of topical essays, arranged chronologically but skipping sideways, sometimes backward or forward, from stage to stage – national, metropolitan, state governmental, local – but always moving forward in time. The tale presented here takes the reader through tumultuous early years, up to the moment in 1974 when statewide planning goals, including Goal 12, the transportation goal, were adopted by the Oregon Legislature. Title: A Brief Portrait of Multimodal Transportation Planning in Oregon and the Path to Achieving It, 1890-1974 Author: Abbott, Carl, Lowry, Sam Year: 2010 This project was designed to outline transportation chapters of a planned written history of Oregon land use planning, written in ways that would make the transportation planning profession relevant to a popular audience. The writing would focus on stories from the profession, and on historical facts and events in Oregon transportation planning history that would surprise or enlighten popular reading audiences. Technology transfer would occur through publication of one or more written pieces of work. The result is a topical and historical tale entitled "A Brief Portrait of Multimodal Transportation Planning in Oregon and the Path to Achieving It, 1890-1974." Sources told stories with enthusiastic reference to past transportation events. The structure chosen was an interwoven collection of topical essays, arranged chronologically but skipping sideways, sometimes backward or forward, from stage to stage – national, metropolitan, state governmental, local – but always moving forward in time. The tale presented here takes the reader through tumultuous early years, up to the moment in 1974 when statewide planning goals, including Goal 12, the transportation goal, were adopted by the Oregon Legislature. Close

• 14. [Article] Planning in the CRAG Region: The Second Step

  This document is second in a series of reports aimed toward adoption of a new regional comprehensive plan by 1976. Contents include: re-statement of goals, interim development policy, regional land use ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Planning in the CRAG Region: The Second Step Author: Columbia Region Association of Governments Year: 1973 This document is second in a series of reports aimed toward adoption of a new regional comprehensive plan by 1976. Contents include: re-statement of goals, interim development policy, regional land use concepts, and exploratory proposals Title: Planning in the CRAG Region: The Second Step Author: Columbia Region Association of Governments Year: 1973 This document is second in a series of reports aimed toward adoption of a new regional comprehensive plan by 1976. Contents include: re-statement of goals, interim development policy, regional land use concepts, and exploratory proposals Close

• 15. [Article] Research and Development of a Land Use Scenario Modeling Tool

  Oregon Department of Transportation’s (ODOT) Transportation Planning and Analysis Unit (TPAU) developed a land use modeling tool called the “Land Use Scenario Developer in R” (LUSDR). LUSDR is a modeling ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Research and Development of a Land Use Scenario Modeling Tool Author: Gliebe, John, Dong, Hongwei, Roll, Josh Frank Year: 2013 Oregon Department of Transportation’s (ODOT) Transportation Planning and Analysis Unit (TPAU) developed a land use modeling tool called the “Land Use Scenario Developer in R” (LUSDR). LUSDR is a modeling tool, written in the “R” language, that may be used to predict and analyze regional land use changes probabilistically, creating a distribution of possible outcomes. It is designed to be integrated with travel demand modeling programs, making it potentially valuable for analyzing the interaction between transportation and land use when assessing various growth-policy and socioeconomic assumptions. This project is Phase 2 for Research and Development of a Land Use Scenario Modeling Tool. It is intended to address several extant deficiencies in the LUSDR modeling tool, each identified below, as a separate research task. The original proposed outcomes of this research were a set of programs, data, and documentation that would comprise a deployable LUSDR package. Title: Research and Development of a Land Use Scenario Modeling Tool Author: Gliebe, John, Dong, Hongwei, Roll, Josh Frank Year: 2013 Oregon Department of Transportation’s (ODOT) Transportation Planning and Analysis Unit (TPAU) developed a land use modeling tool called the “Land Use Scenario Developer in R” (LUSDR). LUSDR is a modeling tool, written in the “R” language, that may be used to predict and analyze regional land use changes probabilistically, creating a distribution of possible outcomes. It is designed to be integrated with travel demand modeling programs, making it potentially valuable for analyzing the interaction between transportation and land use when assessing various growth-policy and socioeconomic assumptions. This project is Phase 2 for Research and Development of a Land Use Scenario Modeling Tool. It is intended to address several extant deficiencies in the LUSDR modeling tool, each identified below, as a separate research task. The original proposed outcomes of this research were a set of programs, data, and documentation that would comprise a deployable LUSDR package. Close

• 16. [Article] Continuous Data Integration for Land Use and Transportation Planning and Modeling

  There is an urgent need for improved models that address the interdependencies between land use and transportation, and considerable new work is underway to develop such models in Oregon and elsewhere. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Continuous Data Integration for Land Use and Transportation Planning and Modeling Author: Wang, Liming, Kim, Kihong Year: 2014 There is an urgent need for improved models that address the interdependencies between land use and transportation, and considerable new work is underway to develop such models in Oregon and elsewhere. These models and planning practices to integrate land use into the process, however, require the integration of massive amounts of land use data that is messy and incomplete. There have been considerable advances in the treatment of such data problems in other domains, drawing on data mining and machine-learning techniques to address issues in various domains. To date, however, little systematic effort has applied these technological advances to the problem domain of land use and transportation data. Experience suggests that as much as 70% of the total effort in developing integrated land use and transportation models is directly or indirectly associated with data development, integration and cleaning, yet there is remarkably little systematic research focused on the development of reusable methods and tools to support this problem domain. In coordination with an ongoing project of similar theme funded by University of California Transportation Center (UCTC), this project will focus on bringing interdisciplinary methods to develop land use datasets for integrated land use and transportation planning and modeling, with special attention on preserving temporal dimension of the data and monitoring data quality through indicators. Utilizing statistics and machine-learning techniques, we will develop reusable tools that will create a harmonized and coherent land use database from various public and private sources. These tools will be made available to the public and can be used by cities, counties, metropolitan planning agencies, state agencies, universities or anyone else needing to develop a usable database for use in integrated planning and modeling. All of the resulting data, with the exception of proprietary or confidential input data where there is no viable alternative, would be public and reusable for planning and research. Title: Continuous Data Integration for Land Use and Transportation Planning and Modeling Author: Wang, Liming, Kim, Kihong Year: 2014 There is an urgent need for improved models that address the interdependencies between land use and transportation, and considerable new work is underway to develop such models in Oregon and elsewhere. These models and planning practices to integrate land use into the process, however, require the integration of massive amounts of land use data that is messy and incomplete. There have been considerable advances in the treatment of such data problems in other domains, drawing on data mining and machine-learning techniques to address issues in various domains. To date, however, little systematic effort has applied these technological advances to the problem domain of land use and transportation data. Experience suggests that as much as 70% of the total effort in developing integrated land use and transportation models is directly or indirectly associated with data development, integration and cleaning, yet there is remarkably little systematic research focused on the development of reusable methods and tools to support this problem domain. In coordination with an ongoing project of similar theme funded by University of California Transportation Center (UCTC), this project will focus on bringing interdisciplinary methods to develop land use datasets for integrated land use and transportation planning and modeling, with special attention on preserving temporal dimension of the data and monitoring data quality through indicators. Utilizing statistics and machine-learning techniques, we will develop reusable tools that will create a harmonized and coherent land use database from various public and private sources. These tools will be made available to the public and can be used by cities, counties, metropolitan planning agencies, state agencies, universities or anyone else needing to develop a usable database for use in integrated planning and modeling. All of the resulting data, with the exception of proprietary or confidential input data where there is no viable alternative, would be public and reusable for planning and research. Close

• 17. [Article] Regional Transportation and Land Use Decision Making in Metropolitan Regions: Findings from Four Case Studies

  Throughout the United States, metropolitan regions face increasingly complex issues related to transportation and land use. The diffuse nature of decision making creates a need to better coordinate land ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Regional Transportation and Land Use Decision Making in Metropolitan Regions: Findings from Four Case Studies Author: Margerum, Richard D., Brody, Susan, Parker, Robert, McEwen, Gail, Moore, Terry Year: 2012 Throughout the United States, metropolitan regions face increasingly complex issues related to transportation and land use. The diffuse nature of decision making creates a need to better coordinate land use and transportation to address issues such as: congestion, infrastructure costs, and greenhouse gas emissions. Key players in this decision making are regional metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) with transportation planning authority, regional planning responsibilities, and in some cases regional land use planning authority. The goal of this study was to describe and assess efforts by regional agencies to coordinate land use and transportation. Policies and processes in four key topic areas were examined: 1) Governance: formal and informal decision making approaches; 2) Coordination: strategies used to coordinate land use and transportation; 3) Growth Centers: policies to encourage development in higher density centers; and 4) Transportation Improvement Program (TIP): policies to incorporate smart growth criteria in TIP funding decisions. Title: Regional Transportation and Land Use Decision Making in Metropolitan Regions: Findings from Four Case Studies Author: Margerum, Richard D., Brody, Susan, Parker, Robert, McEwen, Gail, Moore, Terry Year: 2012 Throughout the United States, metropolitan regions face increasingly complex issues related to transportation and land use. The diffuse nature of decision making creates a need to better coordinate land use and transportation to address issues such as: congestion, infrastructure costs, and greenhouse gas emissions. Key players in this decision making are regional metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) with transportation planning authority, regional planning responsibilities, and in some cases regional land use planning authority. The goal of this study was to describe and assess efforts by regional agencies to coordinate land use and transportation. Policies and processes in four key topic areas were examined: 1) Governance: formal and informal decision making approaches; 2) Coordination: strategies used to coordinate land use and transportation; 3) Growth Centers: policies to encourage development in higher density centers; and 4) Transportation Improvement Program (TIP): policies to incorporate smart growth criteria in TIP funding decisions. Close

• 18. [Article] Webinar: Land Use Mix and Pedestrian Travel Behavior: Advancements in Conceptualization and Measurement

  Smart growth policies have often emphasized the importance of land use mix as an intervention beholding of lasting urban planning and public health benefits. Past transportation-land use research has identified ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Webinar: Land Use Mix and Pedestrian Travel Behavior: Advancements in Conceptualization and Measurement Author: Gehrke, Steven R. Year: 2017 Smart growth policies have often emphasized the importance of land use mix as an intervention beholding of lasting urban planning and public health benefits. Past transportation-land use research has identified potential efficiency gains achieved by mixed-use neighborhoods and the subsequent shortening of trip lengths; whereas, public health research has accredited increased land use mixing as an effective policy for facilitating greater physical activity. However, despite the celebrated transportation, land use, and health benefits of improved land use mixing and the extent of topical attention, no consensus has been reached regarding the conceptualization and measurement of this key smart growth principle or the magnitude of its link to walking. This research, comprising three empirical studies, explores this topic in detail. This webinar will provide attendees with greater specificity in the measurement of land use mix and its connection to pedestrian travel behavior. Title: Webinar: Land Use Mix and Pedestrian Travel Behavior: Advancements in Conceptualization and Measurement Author: Gehrke, Steven R. Year: 2017 Smart growth policies have often emphasized the importance of land use mix as an intervention beholding of lasting urban planning and public health benefits. Past transportation-land use research has identified potential efficiency gains achieved by mixed-use neighborhoods and the subsequent shortening of trip lengths; whereas, public health research has accredited increased land use mixing as an effective policy for facilitating greater physical activity. However, despite the celebrated transportation, land use, and health benefits of improved land use mixing and the extent of topical attention, no consensus has been reached regarding the conceptualization and measurement of this key smart growth principle or the magnitude of its link to walking. This research, comprising three empirical studies, explores this topic in detail. This webinar will provide attendees with greater specificity in the measurement of land use mix and its connection to pedestrian travel behavior. Close

• 19. [Article] An Activity-related Land Use Mix Construct and Its Connection to Pedestrian Travel

  Land use mix is a central smart growth principle connected to active transportation. This presentation describes the indicators of local land use mixing and their association with pedestrian travel in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Activity-related Land Use Mix Construct and Its Connection to Pedestrian Travel Author: Gehrke, Steven R. Year: 2016 Land use mix is a central smart growth principle connected to active transportation. This presentation describes the indicators of local land use mixing and their association with pedestrian travel in Oregon’s Willamette River Valley. It argues that land use mix is a multidimensional construct reflected by the complementarity, composition, and configuration of land use types, which is positively linked to walk mode choice and home-based trip frequency. Findings from this study underline the conceptual and empirical benefit of analyzing this transportation-land use interaction with a landscape pattern measure of activity-related composition and spatial configuration. The presentation for this seminar was done jointly with Kristin Curran. It may be accessed at http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/18237. Title: An Activity-related Land Use Mix Construct and Its Connection to Pedestrian Travel Author: Gehrke, Steven R. Year: 2016 Land use mix is a central smart growth principle connected to active transportation. This presentation describes the indicators of local land use mixing and their association with pedestrian travel in Oregon’s Willamette River Valley. It argues that land use mix is a multidimensional construct reflected by the complementarity, composition, and configuration of land use types, which is positively linked to walk mode choice and home-based trip frequency. Findings from this study underline the conceptual and empirical benefit of analyzing this transportation-land use interaction with a landscape pattern measure of activity-related composition and spatial configuration. The presentation for this seminar was done jointly with Kristin Curran. It may be accessed at http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/18237. Close

• 20. [Article] Making South Downtown Portland

  Principals that guided the project: (1) Create connection between existing activity centers. Education: Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon Museum of Science and Industry, and Portland State University ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Making South Downtown Portland Author: Queiroz, Artur, Gilden, Beth, Martins, Flávia, Six, Hannah, Todoroff, John, Davis, Linn, Schafaschek, Maria, Silveira, Nely, Batista, Sayonara, Sanccao, Taissa Year: 2015 Principals that guided the project: (1) Create connection between existing activity centers. Education: Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon Museum of Science and Industry, and Portland State University Parks: Halpern Sequence, Park Blocks, and Waterfront Transit centers: Orange Line, Yellow Line, Streetcar and Bus Connection (2) Add to multi-use nature of area to provide a 24 hr neighborhood environment. Additional residential Development - catering to late night and residence not just office crowd. (3) Improve pedestrian experience: Increase safety by making traffic changes, add wayfinding and dampen freeway noise. (4) Design for a diversity of ages (5) Activate existing/underutilized "dead" or "lost" spaces. Create a "reason for being" for underutilized or underdeveloped land (6) Add and preserve natural features for both beauty and function: tie green elements in the city into park blocks and waterfront park to create cohesion between places; use natural features to deal with stormwater, traffic nuisances (speed/noise); preserve views of Mt. Hood and River; and provide a gathering place. (7) Create new centers of activity at key points where transit or uses intersect (8) Follow/preserve current social and cultural uses in the areas: farmers markets and food trucks (9) Add design features that reflect social uses, and cultural history: public art (10) Accentuate neighboring assets: PSU university life and historic Halprin Sequence This project was conducted under the supervision of Donald J. Stastny and Edward Starkie. Title: Making South Downtown Portland Author: Queiroz, Artur, Gilden, Beth, Martins, Flávia, Six, Hannah, Todoroff, John, Davis, Linn, Schafaschek, Maria, Silveira, Nely, Batista, Sayonara, Sanccao, Taissa Year: 2015 Principals that guided the project: (1) Create connection between existing activity centers. Education: Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon Museum of Science and Industry, and Portland State University Parks: Halpern Sequence, Park Blocks, and Waterfront Transit centers: Orange Line, Yellow Line, Streetcar and Bus Connection (2) Add to multi-use nature of area to provide a 24 hr neighborhood environment. Additional residential Development - catering to late night and residence not just office crowd. (3) Improve pedestrian experience: Increase safety by making traffic changes, add wayfinding and dampen freeway noise. (4) Design for a diversity of ages (5) Activate existing/underutilized "dead" or "lost" spaces. Create a "reason for being" for underutilized or underdeveloped land (6) Add and preserve natural features for both beauty and function: tie green elements in the city into park blocks and waterfront park to create cohesion between places; use natural features to deal with stormwater, traffic nuisances (speed/noise); preserve views of Mt. Hood and River; and provide a gathering place. (7) Create new centers of activity at key points where transit or uses intersect (8) Follow/preserve current social and cultural uses in the areas: farmers markets and food trucks (9) Add design features that reflect social uses, and cultural history: public art (10) Accentuate neighboring assets: PSU university life and historic Halprin Sequence This project was conducted under the supervision of Donald J. Stastny and Edward Starkie. Close

• 21. [Article] The Costs of Sprawl: Environmental and Economic Costs of Alternative Residential Development Patterns at the Urban Fringe

  Local government officials devote a large proportion of their time to considering and acting upon development proposals which substantially affect their communities in many ways. While information bearing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Costs of Sprawl: Environmental and Economic Costs of Alternative Residential Development Patterns at the Urban Fringe Author: Real Estate Research Corporation Year: 1974 Local government officials devote a large proportion of their time to considering and acting upon development proposals which substantially affect their communities in many ways. While information bearing on development proposals has been increasingly broader in scope, more specific, and of higher quality, local government officials continue to have considerable difficulty in assessing the relative merits of alternative types of housing, general development patterns, and commercial strip versus center developments. To help compensate for this knowledge deficiency, the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), in cooperation with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), has commissioned the Real Estate Research Corporation (RERC) to undertake a study of the environmental and economic effects of alternative development patterns. The results of that study are presented in two documents, The Costs of Sprawl — Literature Review and Bibliography and The Costs of Sprawl — Detailed Cost Analysis. The literature review and bibliography summarizes the existing knowledge available to local government officials faced with development decision-making, and presents extensive bibliographies pertaining to that knowledge. Title: The Costs of Sprawl: Environmental and Economic Costs of Alternative Residential Development Patterns at the Urban Fringe Author: Real Estate Research Corporation Year: 1974 Local government officials devote a large proportion of their time to considering and acting upon development proposals which substantially affect their communities in many ways. While information bearing on development proposals has been increasingly broader in scope, more specific, and of higher quality, local government officials continue to have considerable difficulty in assessing the relative merits of alternative types of housing, general development patterns, and commercial strip versus center developments. To help compensate for this knowledge deficiency, the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), in cooperation with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), has commissioned the Real Estate Research Corporation (RERC) to undertake a study of the environmental and economic effects of alternative development patterns. The results of that study are presented in two documents, The Costs of Sprawl — Literature Review and Bibliography and The Costs of Sprawl — Detailed Cost Analysis. The literature review and bibliography summarizes the existing knowledge available to local government officials faced with development decision-making, and presents extensive bibliographies pertaining to that knowledge. Close

• 22. [Article] Neighborhood Livability in Northwest Portland: A Case Study of Portland's Northwest District

  Portland's Northwest Neighborhood District ("the District") has a unique character, reflecting its special role in Portland's economic history and its geographical location relative to the downtown area, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Neighborhood Livability in Northwest Portland: A Case Study of Portland's Northwest District Author: Bianco, Martha J., Davis, Judy S., Lovell, Vicky Year: 1994 Portland's Northwest Neighborhood District ("the District") has a unique character, reflecting its special role in Portland's economic history and its geographical location relative to the downtown area, the Willamette River and the West Hills. Current tensions between the District's function as a close-in, high density residential area and its commercial activities are the most recent iteration of tensions that have existed from the time the area was first settled. This study examines the impacts of retail and residential land use in the District and how this mixture of residential/retail affects the residential livability. Title: Neighborhood Livability in Northwest Portland: A Case Study of Portland's Northwest District Author: Bianco, Martha J., Davis, Judy S., Lovell, Vicky Year: 1994 Portland's Northwest Neighborhood District ("the District") has a unique character, reflecting its special role in Portland's economic history and its geographical location relative to the downtown area, the Willamette River and the West Hills. Current tensions between the District's function as a close-in, high density residential area and its commercial activities are the most recent iteration of tensions that have existed from the time the area was first settled. This study examines the impacts of retail and residential land use in the District and how this mixture of residential/retail affects the residential livability. Close

• 23. [Article] Neighborhood Livability in Northwest Portland: A Case Study of Portland's Northwest District Executive Summary

  Portland's Northwest Neighborhood District ("the District") has a unique character, reflecting its special role in Portland's economic history and its geographical location relative to the downtown area, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Neighborhood Livability in Northwest Portland: A Case Study of Portland's Northwest District Executive Summary Author: Bianco, Martha J., Davis, Judy S., Lovell, Vicky Year: 1994 Portland's Northwest Neighborhood District ("the District") has a unique character, reflecting its special role in Portland's economic history and its geographical location relative to the downtown area, the Willamette River and the West Hills. Current tensions between the District's function as a close-in, high density residential area and its commercial activities are the most recent iteration of tensions that have existed from the time the area was first settled. This is an executive summary of the report which examines the impacts of retail and residential land use in the District and how this mixture of residential/retail affects the residential livability. Title: Neighborhood Livability in Northwest Portland: A Case Study of Portland's Northwest District Executive Summary Author: Bianco, Martha J., Davis, Judy S., Lovell, Vicky Year: 1994 Portland's Northwest Neighborhood District ("the District") has a unique character, reflecting its special role in Portland's economic history and its geographical location relative to the downtown area, the Willamette River and the West Hills. Current tensions between the District's function as a close-in, high density residential area and its commercial activities are the most recent iteration of tensions that have existed from the time the area was first settled. This is an executive summary of the report which examines the impacts of retail and residential land use in the District and how this mixture of residential/retail affects the residential livability. Close

• 24. [Article] Land Information System: Strategies for Local Governments in Oregon

  The purpose of this report is to disseminate the findings and recommendations from the deliberations of the Oregon Land Records Committee (OLRC) of the State Map Advisory Council (SMAC). The OLRC consists ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Information System: Strategies for Local Governments in Oregon Author: Oregon. State Map Advisory Council Year: 1989 The purpose of this report is to disseminate the findings and recommendations from the deliberations of the Oregon Land Records Committee (OLRC) of the State Map Advisory Council (SMAC). The OLRC consists of state and local government officials and professionals, and representation from utilities and private sector firms involved in the maintenance and use of land records and geographic information systems (GIS) for the analysis of data about land. These individuals have given freely of their time and experience in furtherance of the mission and goals of the OLRC. This report is directed to professionals and public officials in local government who are concerned with modernizing land records by employing the new technology of GIS. This report identifies promising strategies and lays the foundation for a possible state interest, role and program. The mission of the OLRC has to do with fostering land records modernization in Oregon by promoting the wise procurement and implementation of geographic information systems concepts and technology. Title: Land Information System: Strategies for Local Governments in Oregon Author: Oregon. State Map Advisory Council Year: 1989 The purpose of this report is to disseminate the findings and recommendations from the deliberations of the Oregon Land Records Committee (OLRC) of the State Map Advisory Council (SMAC). The OLRC consists of state and local government officials and professionals, and representation from utilities and private sector firms involved in the maintenance and use of land records and geographic information systems (GIS) for the analysis of data about land. These individuals have given freely of their time and experience in furtherance of the mission and goals of the OLRC. This report is directed to professionals and public officials in local government who are concerned with modernizing land records by employing the new technology of GIS. This report identifies promising strategies and lays the foundation for a possible state interest, role and program. The mission of the OLRC has to do with fostering land records modernization in Oregon by promoting the wise procurement and implementation of geographic information systems concepts and technology. Close

• 25. [Article] Land Use Framework Map

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Columbia Region Association of Governments land use framework element of the CRAG regional plan.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Columbia Region Association of Governments land use framework element of the CRAG regional plan. Title: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Columbia Region Association of Governments land use framework element of the CRAG regional plan. Close

• 26. [Article] Proposed Land Use Framework Map, Sheet 1

  Detail of Portland area, land use map from comprehensive plan. Columbia Region Association of Government propsed comprehensive plan

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Proposed Land Use Framework Map, Sheet 1 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1976 Detail of Portland area, land use map from comprehensive plan. Columbia Region Association of Government propsed comprehensive plan Title: Proposed Land Use Framework Map, Sheet 1 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1976 Detail of Portland area, land use map from comprehensive plan. Columbia Region Association of Government propsed comprehensive plan Close

• 27. [Article] Proposed Land Use Framework Map, Sheet 2

  Large scale land use map from comprehensive plan

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Proposed Land Use Framework Map, Sheet 2 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1976 Large scale land use map from comprehensive plan Title: Proposed Land Use Framework Map, Sheet 2 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1976 Large scale land use map from comprehensive plan Close

• 28. [Article] Land Use Framework Map

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Columbia Region Association of Governments land use framework element of the CRAG regional plan.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1976 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Columbia Region Association of Governments land use framework element of the CRAG regional plan. Title: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1976 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Columbia Region Association of Governments land use framework element of the CRAG regional plan. Close

• 29. [Article] Gateway Gardens Site Analysis

  The Gateway Gardens Site Analysis takes a comprehensive look at a largely-vacant land area in Portland’s Gateway District. Currently owned by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT), the 38-acre ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gateway Gardens Site Analysis Author: Gage, Chris, Renfro, Rory, Sarver, Jessica, Sturtz, Ben, Wolters, Nicole Year: 2006 The Gateway Gardens Site Analysis takes a comprehensive look at a largely-vacant land area in Portland’s Gateway District. Currently owned by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT), the 38-acre site currently serves as right-of-way for surrounding freeways, namely Interstates 84 and 205. The project team developed a sequential process for completing this report. To gain an understanding of the project site, the initial step consisted of identifying key historical events and land uses that formed the site into what it is today. The team then conducted an in-depth existing conditions analysis, covering a wide range of elements including natural and man-made characteristics, current uses and management. This analysis also identifies the project site’s location within the context of other relevant planning efforts. Based on the existing conditions evaluation, the project team developed a series of potential land use elements. The text identifies specific assumptions regarding each element, including land ownership, access provisions, estimated cost and other key variables. The list of uses was developed under the assumption that several elements could potentially co-exist with one another, and that several land use combinations are possible. It should be noted that this report does not present specific recommendations for the project site; rather it is intended to acquaint readers with the site as it exists today, and to identify the feasibility of various land uses. The project’s next step should include a more-detailed evaluation of the potential land use elements along with coordination among relevant agencies and the public to move those uses forward. Title: Gateway Gardens Site Analysis Author: Gage, Chris, Renfro, Rory, Sarver, Jessica, Sturtz, Ben, Wolters, Nicole Year: 2006 The Gateway Gardens Site Analysis takes a comprehensive look at a largely-vacant land area in Portland’s Gateway District. Currently owned by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT), the 38-acre site currently serves as right-of-way for surrounding freeways, namely Interstates 84 and 205. The project team developed a sequential process for completing this report. To gain an understanding of the project site, the initial step consisted of identifying key historical events and land uses that formed the site into what it is today. The team then conducted an in-depth existing conditions analysis, covering a wide range of elements including natural and man-made characteristics, current uses and management. This analysis also identifies the project site’s location within the context of other relevant planning efforts. Based on the existing conditions evaluation, the project team developed a series of potential land use elements. The text identifies specific assumptions regarding each element, including land ownership, access provisions, estimated cost and other key variables. The list of uses was developed under the assumption that several elements could potentially co-exist with one another, and that several land use combinations are possible. It should be noted that this report does not present specific recommendations for the project site; rather it is intended to acquaint readers with the site as it exists today, and to identify the feasibility of various land uses. The project’s next step should include a more-detailed evaluation of the potential land use elements along with coordination among relevant agencies and the public to move those uses forward. Close

• 30. [Article] Contextual Influences on Trip Generation

  There is national interest in building data that expands upon the existing Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) trip generation rates to include sites located in a multi-modal context. Current ITE ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Contextual Influences on Trip Generation Author: Clifton, Kelly J., Currans, Kristina Marie, Muhs, Christopher D. Year: 2012 There is national interest in building data that expands upon the existing Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) trip generation rates to include sites located in a multi-modal context. Current ITE rates represent travel behavior for development in single lots and uses, primarily measured in low-density suburban areas. Despite evidence that a more compact urban form, access to transit and a greater mix of uses generates fewer and shorter vehicle trips, local governments are often compelled to use current ITE trip generation rates to evaluate transportation impacts and calculate transportation system development charges (TSDCs). This is due to: a) the expense of collecting local data, b) lack of alternative sources of information, c) the strong industry bias toward using ITE published rates and d) the absence of a empirically tested methodology for adjusting those rates for development occurring in different land use and transportation contexts. Compounding these challenges, cities in Oregon are required to demonstrate that planning and zoning changes will not degrade the performance of state-owned transportation facilities compared to the levels of service documented in the Regional Transportation Plan under the Oregon Transportation Planning Rule, section -0060, and Oregon Highway Plan, Policy 1.F.6. These requirements can conflict with regional policies in Metro's 2040 Growth Concept that call for development of mixed-use centers and corridors to support jobs and freight reliability, a compact urban form and leverage transportation investments such as high capacity transit. Thus, there are gaps in the understanding about how best to evaluate, mitigate and plan for growth under these conditions. This research proposes to develop multi-modal trip generation rates that better reflect the relationship between land use, transportation and travel demand for specific land use types located in various urban settings. The project aims to collect local data (using multi-modal counts and establishment surveys) on a few specific land uses (deemed most problematic to estimate demand and occurring across the spectrum of urban conditions) to develop trip generation rates that are sensitive to demographic, land use and transportation contexts. These new trip rates will be compared to the ITE rates for the same land use category and a methodology for adjusting the ITE rates will be developed. This adjustment methodology will be validated, using additional data collected in this research. The research will be documented and made available to local partners and disseminated widely to reach out to other communities across the country. The research conducted for this project would account for how the built environment (e.g., both land use and transportation) influences travel behavior (number of trips, trip length, mode choice), and determine trip rates that reflect the entire activity spectrum of different development/place typologies. This is extremely important in determining the impact of different development types on the transportation system to: 1) avoid over-planning the system for the surrounding land uses; (2) suggest strategies and investment priorities to encourage more compact, mixed-use areas with more transportation choices and 3) avoid creating regulatory and/or financial barriers to compact form envisioned by local, regional and statewide plans (i.e. uniform TSDCs can result in lower impact development paying the same rates, and thus subsidizing development with higher impact costs to the transportation system). The documentation of the findings and methodology will be applicable to current and future growth and be transferable to other communities, locally and nationally, beyond the Portland region. Title: Contextual Influences on Trip Generation Author: Clifton, Kelly J., Currans, Kristina Marie, Muhs, Christopher D. Year: 2012 There is national interest in building data that expands upon the existing Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) trip generation rates to include sites located in a multi-modal context. Current ITE rates represent travel behavior for development in single lots and uses, primarily measured in low-density suburban areas. Despite evidence that a more compact urban form, access to transit and a greater mix of uses generates fewer and shorter vehicle trips, local governments are often compelled to use current ITE trip generation rates to evaluate transportation impacts and calculate transportation system development charges (TSDCs). This is due to: a) the expense of collecting local data, b) lack of alternative sources of information, c) the strong industry bias toward using ITE published rates and d) the absence of a empirically tested methodology for adjusting those rates for development occurring in different land use and transportation contexts. Compounding these challenges, cities in Oregon are required to demonstrate that planning and zoning changes will not degrade the performance of state-owned transportation facilities compared to the levels of service documented in the Regional Transportation Plan under the Oregon Transportation Planning Rule, section -0060, and Oregon Highway Plan, Policy 1.F.6. These requirements can conflict with regional policies in Metro's 2040 Growth Concept that call for development of mixed-use centers and corridors to support jobs and freight reliability, a compact urban form and leverage transportation investments such as high capacity transit. Thus, there are gaps in the understanding about how best to evaluate, mitigate and plan for growth under these conditions. This research proposes to develop multi-modal trip generation rates that better reflect the relationship between land use, transportation and travel demand for specific land use types located in various urban settings. The project aims to collect local data (using multi-modal counts and establishment surveys) on a few specific land uses (deemed most problematic to estimate demand and occurring across the spectrum of urban conditions) to develop trip generation rates that are sensitive to demographic, land use and transportation contexts. These new trip rates will be compared to the ITE rates for the same land use category and a methodology for adjusting the ITE rates will be developed. This adjustment methodology will be validated, using additional data collected in this research. The research will be documented and made available to local partners and disseminated widely to reach out to other communities across the country. The research conducted for this project would account for how the built environment (e.g., both land use and transportation) influences travel behavior (number of trips, trip length, mode choice), and determine trip rates that reflect the entire activity spectrum of different development/place typologies. This is extremely important in determining the impact of different development types on the transportation system to: 1) avoid over-planning the system for the surrounding land uses; (2) suggest strategies and investment priorities to encourage more compact, mixed-use areas with more transportation choices and 3) avoid creating regulatory and/or financial barriers to compact form envisioned by local, regional and statewide plans (i.e. uniform TSDCs can result in lower impact development paying the same rates, and thus subsidizing development with higher impact costs to the transportation system). The documentation of the findings and methodology will be applicable to current and future growth and be transferable to other communities, locally and nationally, beyond the Portland region. Close

• 31. [Article] Green Mind Gray Yard: Micro Scale Assessment of Ecosystem Services

  There is a spatial mismatch between the size of the area where people are living and the extent of land needed to ecologically support developed areas. More people are living in urban areas than any time ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Green Mind Gray Yard: Micro Scale Assessment of Ecosystem Services Author: Kirkpatrick, Erin Jolene Year: 2013 There is a spatial mismatch between the size of the area where people are living and the extent of land needed to ecologically support developed areas. More people are living in urban areas than any time in history, and the resources need to support cities have had to expand to try and meet the demands of increasing urban populations. However, areas of opportunity exist for urban areas to begin to positively contribute towards the available resources in a region. Because a large portion of urban areas is within private control, gaining a baseline understanding of how residents interact with ecosystem services served as basis of this study. Using a survey of residents in the Portland, OR area, correlations between demographic groups and questions regarding their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors as they relate to vegetation proved that the knowledge of environmental relationships is an important first step in creating pro-environmental behavior. Those reporting a high level of knowledge for ecological system and processes were more likely to value the benefits of vegetation for other associated reasons, such as for recreational activities, aesthetic purposes, and air or water quality. Additionally, survey responses were mapped to spatial data to gain an understanding of the spatial characteristics of neighborhoods in the survey area and how they have changed over time. Overall, the results in the study display trends that can help outreach organizations and municipalities to determine plans to strategically engage the public in a way that could create a net gain in urban ecosystem services. Title: Green Mind Gray Yard: Micro Scale Assessment of Ecosystem Services Author: Kirkpatrick, Erin Jolene Year: 2013 There is a spatial mismatch between the size of the area where people are living and the extent of land needed to ecologically support developed areas. More people are living in urban areas than any time in history, and the resources need to support cities have had to expand to try and meet the demands of increasing urban populations. However, areas of opportunity exist for urban areas to begin to positively contribute towards the available resources in a region. Because a large portion of urban areas is within private control, gaining a baseline understanding of how residents interact with ecosystem services served as basis of this study. Using a survey of residents in the Portland, OR area, correlations between demographic groups and questions regarding their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors as they relate to vegetation proved that the knowledge of environmental relationships is an important first step in creating pro-environmental behavior. Those reporting a high level of knowledge for ecological system and processes were more likely to value the benefits of vegetation for other associated reasons, such as for recreational activities, aesthetic purposes, and air or water quality. Additionally, survey responses were mapped to spatial data to gain an understanding of the spatial characteristics of neighborhoods in the survey area and how they have changed over time. Overall, the results in the study display trends that can help outreach organizations and municipalities to determine plans to strategically engage the public in a way that could create a net gain in urban ecosystem services. Close

• 32. [Article] Anti-Displacement Strategies: Nonprofit Organizations in Old Town Chinatown

  Old Town Chinatown is home to over 40 nonprofit organizations (nonprofits), including social service providers and arts, history, and culture groups. These groups contribute immeasurably to the community ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Anti-Displacement Strategies: Nonprofit Organizations in Old Town Chinatown Author: Bajwa, Jenny, Daunt, Joanne, Farrelly, Sean, Overbeek, Serah, Sladek, Jessica Year: 2005 Old Town Chinatown is home to over 40 nonprofit organizations (nonprofits), including social service providers and arts, history, and culture groups. These groups contribute immeasurably to the community through the services and educational opportunities they provide and through their role in the social and economic fabric of the neighborhood. Urban renewal has come to the neighborhood in the form of several large projects that are either currently underway or scheduled to begin in the next several years. While these plans present an opportunity for much needed development in Old Town Chinatown, there is concern among nonprofits that redevelopment and private investment will result in increased rents. Because 62% of nonprofit organizations in Old Town Chinatown do not own their facilities and are highly vulnerable to any rent increases, they could be easily forced out of the neighborhood. The goal of this project was to identify feasible, proactive, long-term strategies for retaining the variety of nonprofit organizations in Old Town Chinatown. This document contains an overview of strategies along with examples of successful models. The authors provide this information as a potential starting point for nonprofit organizations as they begin to contemplate long-term viability in a neighborhood on the cusp of transformation. A crucial first step is to build a coalition of nonprofits to strengthen their position within the community. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler, Deborah Howe, and Connie Ozawa. Title: Anti-Displacement Strategies: Nonprofit Organizations in Old Town Chinatown Author: Bajwa, Jenny, Daunt, Joanne, Farrelly, Sean, Overbeek, Serah, Sladek, Jessica Year: 2005 Old Town Chinatown is home to over 40 nonprofit organizations (nonprofits), including social service providers and arts, history, and culture groups. These groups contribute immeasurably to the community through the services and educational opportunities they provide and through their role in the social and economic fabric of the neighborhood. Urban renewal has come to the neighborhood in the form of several large projects that are either currently underway or scheduled to begin in the next several years. While these plans present an opportunity for much needed development in Old Town Chinatown, there is concern among nonprofits that redevelopment and private investment will result in increased rents. Because 62% of nonprofit organizations in Old Town Chinatown do not own their facilities and are highly vulnerable to any rent increases, they could be easily forced out of the neighborhood. The goal of this project was to identify feasible, proactive, long-term strategies for retaining the variety of nonprofit organizations in Old Town Chinatown. This document contains an overview of strategies along with examples of successful models. The authors provide this information as a potential starting point for nonprofit organizations as they begin to contemplate long-term viability in a neighborhood on the cusp of transformation. A crucial first step is to build a coalition of nonprofits to strengthen their position within the community. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler, Deborah Howe, and Connie Ozawa. Close

• 33. [Article] Assessing the Potential Contribution of Vacant Land to Urban Vegetable Production and Consumption in Oakland, California

  As urban agriculture grows in popularity, researchers are attempting to quantify its potential contribution to local food systems. We present the results of a vacant land inventory conducted in collaboration ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing the Potential Contribution of Vacant Land to Urban Vegetable Production and Consumption in Oakland, California Author: McClintock, Nathan, Cooper, Jenny, Khandeshi, Snehee Year: 2013 As urban agriculture grows in popularity, researchers are attempting to quantify its potential contribution to local food systems. We present the results of a vacant land inventory conducted in collaboration with the HOPE Collaborative, a multi-stakeholder, community-based initiative in Oakland, CA, USA. Vacant lots, open space, and underutilized parks with agricultural potential were identified using GIS and aerial imagery. Using visual interpretation, we identified 1201 ac (486.4 ha) of public land and 337 ac (136.4 ha) of private land that could potentially be used for vegetable production. Based on USDA loss-adjusted consumption data, we calculated the potential contribution of these sites to the city's current and recommended vegetable needs. Calculations were based on average yields under three different management practices: conventional at 10 tons/ac (22.4 Mg/ha); low-biointensive at 15 tons/ac (33.6 Mg/ha); and medium-biointensive at 25 tons/ac (56.0 Mg/ha). Four different land use scenarios were considered: (1) all identified sites ( Title: Assessing the Potential Contribution of Vacant Land to Urban Vegetable Production and Consumption in Oakland, California Author: McClintock, Nathan, Cooper, Jenny, Khandeshi, Snehee Year: 2013 As urban agriculture grows in popularity, researchers are attempting to quantify its potential contribution to local food systems. We present the results of a vacant land inventory conducted in collaboration with the HOPE Collaborative, a multi-stakeholder, community-based initiative in Oakland, CA, USA. Vacant lots, open space, and underutilized parks with agricultural potential were identified using GIS and aerial imagery. Using visual interpretation, we identified 1201 ac (486.4 ha) of public land and 337 ac (136.4 ha) of private land that could potentially be used for vegetable production. Based on USDA loss-adjusted consumption data, we calculated the potential contribution of these sites to the city's current and recommended vegetable needs. Calculations were based on average yields under three different management practices: conventional at 10 tons/ac (22.4 Mg/ha); low-biointensive at 15 tons/ac (33.6 Mg/ha); and medium-biointensive at 25 tons/ac (56.0 Mg/ha). Four different land use scenarios were considered: (1) all identified sites ( Close

• 34. [Article] The Importance of Housing, Accessibility, and Transport Characteristic Ratings on Stated Neighborhood Preference

  Travel demand models commonly lack the ability to understand how changing residential preferences influence future housing, land use, and transportation policies. As communities struggle to address social ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Importance of Housing, Accessibility, and Transport Characteristic Ratings on Stated Neighborhood Preference Author: Currans, Kristina Marie Year: 2016 Travel demand models commonly lack the ability to understand how changing residential preferences influence future housing, land use, and transportation policies. As communities struggle to address social challenges related to increased economic uncertainty, transportation and land use planning have become increasingly centered on assumptions concerning the market for residential environments and travel choices. In response, an added importance has been placed on the development of toolkits capable of providing robust and flexible models to aid in understanding how differing assumptions contribute to a set of planning scenarios and how future residential location decisions may be made. In this study, we aim to examine the ability for current land use and transportation models to adequately account for the mechanism that drive households to prefer different neighborhoods based on typical transportation modeling methods. In particular, we conduct an original stated preference survey to identify the characteristics and preferences of individuals and households that influence unconstrained residential neighborhood preferences. Our objectives are to (a) determine the key drivers of residential neighborhood preferences, (b) test the contribution of sociodemographic and economic household characteristics commonly used in regional modeling tools to allocate households regionally across neighborhoods (e.g. household size, income, age, tenure), and (c) identify the preference profiles that can improve the sensitivity of our regional and statewide transportation-land use models to residential neighborhood preferences. The presentation for this seminar was done jointly with Steven Gehrke. It can be accessed at http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/18234. Title: The Importance of Housing, Accessibility, and Transport Characteristic Ratings on Stated Neighborhood Preference Author: Currans, Kristina Marie Year: 2016 Travel demand models commonly lack the ability to understand how changing residential preferences influence future housing, land use, and transportation policies. As communities struggle to address social challenges related to increased economic uncertainty, transportation and land use planning have become increasingly centered on assumptions concerning the market for residential environments and travel choices. In response, an added importance has been placed on the development of toolkits capable of providing robust and flexible models to aid in understanding how differing assumptions contribute to a set of planning scenarios and how future residential location decisions may be made. In this study, we aim to examine the ability for current land use and transportation models to adequately account for the mechanism that drive households to prefer different neighborhoods based on typical transportation modeling methods. In particular, we conduct an original stated preference survey to identify the characteristics and preferences of individuals and households that influence unconstrained residential neighborhood preferences. Our objectives are to (a) determine the key drivers of residential neighborhood preferences, (b) test the contribution of sociodemographic and economic household characteristics commonly used in regional modeling tools to allocate households regionally across neighborhoods (e.g. household size, income, age, tenure), and (c) identify the preference profiles that can improve the sensitivity of our regional and statewide transportation-land use models to residential neighborhood preferences. The presentation for this seminar was done jointly with Steven Gehrke. It can be accessed at http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/18234. Close

• 35. [Article] The State of the Portland MSA Housing Market

  On its surface, the rapid increase of home prices in the Portland Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) resembles the overheated moments before the housing bubble burst in 2007. OnPoint Community Credit ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The State of the Portland MSA Housing Market Author: Portland State University. Northwest Economic Research Center Year: 2016 On its surface, the rapid increase of home prices in the Portland Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) resembles the overheated moments before the housing bubble burst in 2007. OnPoint Community Credit Union, concerned that history may already be repeating itself, asked the Northwest Economic Research Center (NERC) to investigate speculation within the Portland housing market, provide a forecast of home prices, and summarize potential market headwinds and tailwinds. To accomplish this, NERC estimates the change in local home prices due to ‘fundamental’ drivers. Using population and income to estimate a fundamental home price index (HPI), this analysis compares the fundamental HPI with the actual level of the Case-Shiller HPI to indicate that home values within the Portland MSA are, within a margin of error, correctly valued. This method indicates that increasing growth in income and migration significantly contributes to rising home prices. This comparison also shows a period of undervaluation following the burst of the last bubble, which helps to explain the price growth of the past few years (the ‘expansion phase’ of the recovery). This analysis uses Error-Correction (EC), General Autoregressive Moving Average (GARMA), and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) models to forecast the inflation-adjusted Case Shiller HPI to the end of the year. The inherent strengths and weaknesses of these models necessitate a discussion of their assumptions and consequent limitations. Encouragingly, each of the models describes the same basic story: that average home sale prices will increase at a decreasing growth rate from June to at least December 2016. Changes to land use and building height restrictions are among the external shocks to home prices not included in the model. Since predicting policy decisions is fraught with risk, real-world awareness of potential political outcomes should accompany all forecasts based on known factors. Due to data limitations, not all of the indicators NERC feels are important to HPI are explicitly included in the models. Instead, these indicators offer supporting evidence. Generally, they describe a tight housing market with high demand (as indicated by income, employment, and migration) and low supply (as indicated by housing permits and inventory levels). This analysis corroborates the model estimations and supports the forecasts. Title: The State of the Portland MSA Housing Market Author: Portland State University. Northwest Economic Research Center Year: 2016 On its surface, the rapid increase of home prices in the Portland Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) resembles the overheated moments before the housing bubble burst in 2007. OnPoint Community Credit Union, concerned that history may already be repeating itself, asked the Northwest Economic Research Center (NERC) to investigate speculation within the Portland housing market, provide a forecast of home prices, and summarize potential market headwinds and tailwinds. To accomplish this, NERC estimates the change in local home prices due to ‘fundamental’ drivers. Using population and income to estimate a fundamental home price index (HPI), this analysis compares the fundamental HPI with the actual level of the Case-Shiller HPI to indicate that home values within the Portland MSA are, within a margin of error, correctly valued. This method indicates that increasing growth in income and migration significantly contributes to rising home prices. This comparison also shows a period of undervaluation following the burst of the last bubble, which helps to explain the price growth of the past few years (the ‘expansion phase’ of the recovery). This analysis uses Error-Correction (EC), General Autoregressive Moving Average (GARMA), and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) models to forecast the inflation-adjusted Case Shiller HPI to the end of the year. The inherent strengths and weaknesses of these models necessitate a discussion of their assumptions and consequent limitations. Encouragingly, each of the models describes the same basic story: that average home sale prices will increase at a decreasing growth rate from June to at least December 2016. Changes to land use and building height restrictions are among the external shocks to home prices not included in the model. Since predicting policy decisions is fraught with risk, real-world awareness of potential political outcomes should accompany all forecasts based on known factors. Due to data limitations, not all of the indicators NERC feels are important to HPI are explicitly included in the models. Instead, these indicators offer supporting evidence. Generally, they describe a tight housing market with high demand (as indicated by income, employment, and migration) and low supply (as indicated by housing permits and inventory levels). This analysis corroborates the model estimations and supports the forecasts. Close

• 36. [Article] Ecology and the Economy, A Concept for Balancing Long-Range Goals, The Pacific Northwest Example

  This report, "Ecology and the Economy, A Concept for Balancing Long-Range Goals, The Pacific Northwest Example, " is a product of three years work by the Urban and Rural Lands Committee of the Pacific ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecology and the Economy, A Concept for Balancing Long-Range Goals, The Pacific Northwest Example Author: Pacific Northwest River Basins Commission. Urban and Rural Lands Committee Year: 1973 This report, "Ecology and the Economy, A Concept for Balancing Long-Range Goals, The Pacific Northwest Example, " is a product of three years work by the Urban and Rural Lands Committee of the Pacific Northwest River Basins Commission. Title: Ecology and the Economy, A Concept for Balancing Long-Range Goals, The Pacific Northwest Example Author: Pacific Northwest River Basins Commission. Urban and Rural Lands Committee Year: 1973 This report, "Ecology and the Economy, A Concept for Balancing Long-Range Goals, The Pacific Northwest Example, " is a product of three years work by the Urban and Rural Lands Committee of the Pacific Northwest River Basins Commission. Close

• 37. [Article] Land Use Framework Map

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1979 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1979 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 38. [Article] No More Freeways: Urban Land Use-Transportation Dynamics without Freeway Capacity Expansion

  Observations of the various limitations of freeway capacity expansion have led to a provocative planning and policy question – What if we completely stop building additional freeway capacity. From a theoretical ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: No More Freeways: Urban Land Use-Transportation Dynamics without Freeway Capacity Expansion Author: Zhang, Lei, Xu, We Year: 2011 Observations of the various limitations of freeway capacity expansion have led to a provocative planning and policy question – What if we completely stop building additional freeway capacity. From a theoretical perspective, as a freeway transportation network matures, there exists a saturation point beyond which any additional freeway capacity would only be counterproductive from a welfare point of view, and worsen the existing urban transportation problems. Traditional benefit/cost analysis of individual freeway capacity expansion projects often ignores long-term induced demand and land use changes and does not represent a systems approach to this important theoretical issue. From a practical perspective, a no-more-freeway policy can relieve transportation funds for other potentially more effective usages, such as improving urban arterial street system, improving transit level of service and coverage, implementing demand management and pricing strategies, and facilitating more efficient land use patterns (e.g. high density in-fill and transit-oriented developments). This research answers the following critical land use-transportation planning questions. Improved knowledge on these issues should benefit planers and decision-makers who pursue mobility and sustainability objectives and have the power to shape future cities. (1). Under what conditions will freeway capacity expansion become counterproductive to urban planning objectives (where is the saturation point)? (2). How will land use and transportation evolve under a “No-More-Freeway” policy? (3). What are the implications of such a policy on congestion, land use efficiency, transportation finance, and social welfare? (4). What is the impact of a less restrictive “No-More-Freeway” policy that only allows private-section freeway investments and relieves public-section freeway investments for other compelling transportation needs. The analysis in this project builds upon a modeling tool, ABSOLUTE, developed by the P.I. in previous research projects. ABSOLUTE is an Agent-Based Simulator Of Land Use-Transportation Evolution, which translates planning policies such as the “No-More- Freeway” policy into alternative urban growth paths and possibly urban growth equilibria (land use and transportation system equilibria). Due to the “Small Start” nature of this OTREC project, the analysis focuses primarily on stylized urban areas, and empirical analysis of the “No-More- Freeway” policy is only conducted for one policy scenario on the Twin Cities, MN, area. Title: No More Freeways: Urban Land Use-Transportation Dynamics without Freeway Capacity Expansion Author: Zhang, Lei, Xu, We Year: 2011 Observations of the various limitations of freeway capacity expansion have led to a provocative planning and policy question – What if we completely stop building additional freeway capacity. From a theoretical perspective, as a freeway transportation network matures, there exists a saturation point beyond which any additional freeway capacity would only be counterproductive from a welfare point of view, and worsen the existing urban transportation problems. Traditional benefit/cost analysis of individual freeway capacity expansion projects often ignores long-term induced demand and land use changes and does not represent a systems approach to this important theoretical issue. From a practical perspective, a no-more-freeway policy can relieve transportation funds for other potentially more effective usages, such as improving urban arterial street system, improving transit level of service and coverage, implementing demand management and pricing strategies, and facilitating more efficient land use patterns (e.g. high density in-fill and transit-oriented developments). This research answers the following critical land use-transportation planning questions. Improved knowledge on these issues should benefit planers and decision-makers who pursue mobility and sustainability objectives and have the power to shape future cities. (1). Under what conditions will freeway capacity expansion become counterproductive to urban planning objectives (where is the saturation point)? (2). How will land use and transportation evolve under a “No-More-Freeway” policy? (3). What are the implications of such a policy on congestion, land use efficiency, transportation finance, and social welfare? (4). What is the impact of a less restrictive “No-More-Freeway” policy that only allows private-section freeway investments and relieves public-section freeway investments for other compelling transportation needs. The analysis in this project builds upon a modeling tool, ABSOLUTE, developed by the P.I. in previous research projects. ABSOLUTE is an Agent-Based Simulator Of Land Use-Transportation Evolution, which translates planning policies such as the “No-More- Freeway” policy into alternative urban growth paths and possibly urban growth equilibria (land use and transportation system equilibria). Due to the “Small Start” nature of this OTREC project, the analysis focuses primarily on stylized urban areas, and empirical analysis of the “No-More- Freeway” policy is only conducted for one policy scenario on the Twin Cities, MN, area. Close

• 39. [Article] CRAG and land use

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: CRAG and land use Author: Bonner, Ernest Year: 1974 Title: CRAG and land use Author: Bonner, Ernest Year: 1974 Close

• 40. [Article] Element I: Land Use Framework Map

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Element I: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Element I: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 41. [Article] Talks on Comprehensive Plans and Land Use

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Talks on Comprehensive Plans and Land Use Author: Bonner, Ernest Year: 1974 Title: Talks on Comprehensive Plans and Land Use Author: Bonner, Ernest Year: 1974 Close

• 42. [Article] Interim Regional Land Use Plan

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interim Regional Land Use Plan Author: Metro (Or.), Columbia Region Association of Governments Year: 1970 Title: Interim Regional Land Use Plan Author: Metro (Or.), Columbia Region Association of Governments Year: 1970 Close

• 43. [Article] Information Report on 1983 Land Use Regulation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Information Report on 1983 Land Use Regulation Author: City Club of Portland (Portland, Or.) Year: 1983 Title: Information Report on 1983 Land Use Regulation Author: City Club of Portland (Portland, Or.) Year: 1983 Close

• 44. [Article] For Discussion: Columbia-Willamette Region Land Use Framework Plan (Draft II)

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: For Discussion: Columbia-Willamette Region Land Use Framework Plan (Draft II) Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1975 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: For Discussion: Columbia-Willamette Region Land Use Framework Plan (Draft II) Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1975 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 45. [Article] The Boulevard Study: From Arterial to Asset -- Examining the Role of the Multi-Way Boulevard in Coordinated Transportation and Land Use Planning

  Cities that were once considered the most-desired places to live or for businesses to locate are now seeking ways to unclog their increasingly congested roadways and regain their quality of life. U.S. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Boulevard Study: From Arterial to Asset -- Examining the Role of the Multi-Way Boulevard in Coordinated Transportation and Land Use Planning Author: Gillem, Mark L. Year: 2010 Cities that were once considered the most-desired places to live or for businesses to locate are now seeking ways to unclog their increasingly congested roadways and regain their quality of life. U.S. Department of Transportation Strategic Plan Background Cities across the U.S. that are struggling with congestion resort to remedies that are increasingly difficult to implement. Adding capacity is a more challenging proposition given limited land availability, greater environmental constraints, and fiscal barriers. Replacing individual trips with transit has seen limited success and can typically only be justified at greater levels of density than many communities currently support. Multiway boulevards offer one possible but little studied alternative to congested arterials in metropolitan areas. These streets, which are common in Europe, have several lanes of faster moving through traffic in the middle separated by medians from parking and access lanes on the sides. With local traffic traveling in the slow moving access lanes, these streets support a wider array of land uses than typical arterials. Ground level retail uses can take advantage of on-street parking in the access lanes. Residential uses are attracted to the park-like quality of the landscaped boulevards. This study will investigate the transportation and land use potential of replacing the ubiquitous arterial with multiway boulevards. Objective. This is an applied research project that will examine the opportunities and constraints to converting an auto-oriented five-and six-lane arterial into a multiway boulevard with transit as a way of reducing congestion, improving pedestrian and automobile safety, and supporting more unified land uses. Hence, the study is well aligned with OTREC's theme of integrating land use and transportation planning as well as U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) strategic objectives focused on improving safety, enhancing mobility, and minimizing transportation related environmental impacts. Method and Scope The project will use a case study approach and will focus on the Franklin Corridor in the Eugene-Springfield area. Through a series of public workshops, planning studios, and student research efforts, University of Oregon graduate and undergraduate students in architecture, landscape architecture, and planning, along with local professionals, and members of the general public will work together to analyze existing conditions, develop planning objectives, prepare conceptual diagrams for development of the corridor, examine alternative right-of-way sections, and calculate potential future development capacities in terms of densities and open space. The work effort will be focused on developing a conceptual analysis of existing and proposed conditions rather than on detailed traffic modeling and design. The study area will include Franklin Boulevard from the eastern edge of Glenwood to Eugene's Ferry Street Bridge. The corridor is under intense development pressure. On the west end, Eugene's new Federal Courthouse will be the anchor for a 50-acre redeveloped industrial district. In the middle are proposals for the 80-acre Walnut Station Mixed Use Area. On the east end are redevelopment concepts for a 43-acre portion of Glenwood. In this project, we will look beyond these individual projects and study the potential for the corridor as a whole. Title: The Boulevard Study: From Arterial to Asset -- Examining the Role of the Multi-Way Boulevard in Coordinated Transportation and Land Use Planning Author: Gillem, Mark L. Year: 2010 Cities that were once considered the most-desired places to live or for businesses to locate are now seeking ways to unclog their increasingly congested roadways and regain their quality of life. U.S. Department of Transportation Strategic Plan Background Cities across the U.S. that are struggling with congestion resort to remedies that are increasingly difficult to implement. Adding capacity is a more challenging proposition given limited land availability, greater environmental constraints, and fiscal barriers. Replacing individual trips with transit has seen limited success and can typically only be justified at greater levels of density than many communities currently support. Multiway boulevards offer one possible but little studied alternative to congested arterials in metropolitan areas. These streets, which are common in Europe, have several lanes of faster moving through traffic in the middle separated by medians from parking and access lanes on the sides. With local traffic traveling in the slow moving access lanes, these streets support a wider array of land uses than typical arterials. Ground level retail uses can take advantage of on-street parking in the access lanes. Residential uses are attracted to the park-like quality of the landscaped boulevards. This study will investigate the transportation and land use potential of replacing the ubiquitous arterial with multiway boulevards. Objective. This is an applied research project that will examine the opportunities and constraints to converting an auto-oriented five-and six-lane arterial into a multiway boulevard with transit as a way of reducing congestion, improving pedestrian and automobile safety, and supporting more unified land uses. Hence, the study is well aligned with OTREC's theme of integrating land use and transportation planning as well as U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) strategic objectives focused on improving safety, enhancing mobility, and minimizing transportation related environmental impacts. Method and Scope The project will use a case study approach and will focus on the Franklin Corridor in the Eugene-Springfield area. Through a series of public workshops, planning studios, and student research efforts, University of Oregon graduate and undergraduate students in architecture, landscape architecture, and planning, along with local professionals, and members of the general public will work together to analyze existing conditions, develop planning objectives, prepare conceptual diagrams for development of the corridor, examine alternative right-of-way sections, and calculate potential future development capacities in terms of densities and open space. The work effort will be focused on developing a conceptual analysis of existing and proposed conditions rather than on detailed traffic modeling and design. The study area will include Franklin Boulevard from the eastern edge of Glenwood to Eugene's Ferry Street Bridge. The corridor is under intense development pressure. On the west end, Eugene's new Federal Courthouse will be the anchor for a 50-acre redeveloped industrial district. In the middle are proposals for the 80-acre Walnut Station Mixed Use Area. On the east end are redevelopment concepts for a 43-acre portion of Glenwood. In this project, we will look beyond these individual projects and study the potential for the corridor as a whole. Close

• 46. [Article] The Effects of Commuter Rail on Population Deconcentration and Commuting: A Salt Lake City Case Study

  All transportation systems have the ability to transform human settlement patterns, which can affect a range of social, economic and environmental issues. Considering investments in rail infrastructure ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Effects of Commuter Rail on Population Deconcentration and Commuting: A Salt Lake City Case Study Author: Ganning, Joanna, Beaudoin, Mercedes, Brewer, Simon, Kim, Keuntae, Park, Keunhyun Year: 2016 All transportation systems have the ability to transform human settlement patterns, which can affect a range of social, economic and environmental issues. Considering investments in rail infrastructure have increased in recent decades (Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 2007; Israel & Cohen-Blankshtain, 2010), it is important for planners and researchers to understand how these rail systems influence land use, metropolitan development patterns, and population migration. The following paragraphs summarize the studies and their findings. The Effects of Commuter Rail Establishment on the Relationships between the Built Environment, Travel Behavior, and Residential Self- Selection (RSS): To help regional and transportation planners better understand the role that commuter rail plays in directing intra-regional development, this chapter provides a longitudinal investigation of the influence of commuter rail on surrounding neighborhoods’ RSS, travel behavior and the built environment. We first analyze the role of commuter rail establishment in influencing change in neighborhood-level demographics, housing and economics (signs of RSS), and travel behavior. Second, we compare surveyed commuter rail riders to residents of the commuter rail stations’ host and neighboring areas. The results indicate that the development of commuter rail does not alter the host tracts in any of the characteristics observed, but rather suppresses population growth in neighboring tracts. Paired with direct evidence from a commuter rail user survey, we conclude that the use of commuter rail is more likely influenced by the built environment than by RSS. The Effects of Commuter Rail Establishment on Population Deconcentration: Research to date has not established the efficacy of commuter rail systems in attracting migrants most likely to use such an amenity. Through the application of a modified population deconcentration model, this chapter finds that the provision of a commuter rail station significantly increases neighborhood-level out-commuting and gross migration, which signals success in attracting migrants requiring commuting infrastructure. These findings also signal that commuter rail encourages regional population deconcentration, but the evidence is insufficient to form a conclusion and the evidence from Chapters 2 and 4 signal otherwise. Developing an Agent-Based Model (ABM) For Estimation of Land Use Changes around Commuter Rail Stations over Time: This chapter improves the understanding of commuter rails’ effect on future land use changes through spatial interaction modeling. In particular, we develop an innovative agent-based model (ABM) that allows us to estimate and visualize the probability of land use changes per parcel based on proximity to commuter rail stations, freeway exits, and the region’s central business district. Briefly, this chapter concludes that the development of a commuter rail station is statistically significantly associated with decreases in single-family residential land use near the station, which is met by increases in multifamily and mixed-use development. The spatial effects of stations on individual land uses vary by land use type, and no generalizable area of influence could be established. This report points to potential future research, as well as implications for planning practitioners. Title: The Effects of Commuter Rail on Population Deconcentration and Commuting: A Salt Lake City Case Study Author: Ganning, Joanna, Beaudoin, Mercedes, Brewer, Simon, Kim, Keuntae, Park, Keunhyun Year: 2016 All transportation systems have the ability to transform human settlement patterns, which can affect a range of social, economic and environmental issues. Considering investments in rail infrastructure have increased in recent decades (Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 2007; Israel & Cohen-Blankshtain, 2010), it is important for planners and researchers to understand how these rail systems influence land use, metropolitan development patterns, and population migration. The following paragraphs summarize the studies and their findings. The Effects of Commuter Rail Establishment on the Relationships between the Built Environment, Travel Behavior, and Residential Self- Selection (RSS): To help regional and transportation planners better understand the role that commuter rail plays in directing intra-regional development, this chapter provides a longitudinal investigation of the influence of commuter rail on surrounding neighborhoods’ RSS, travel behavior and the built environment. We first analyze the role of commuter rail establishment in influencing change in neighborhood-level demographics, housing and economics (signs of RSS), and travel behavior. Second, we compare surveyed commuter rail riders to residents of the commuter rail stations’ host and neighboring areas. The results indicate that the development of commuter rail does not alter the host tracts in any of the characteristics observed, but rather suppresses population growth in neighboring tracts. Paired with direct evidence from a commuter rail user survey, we conclude that the use of commuter rail is more likely influenced by the built environment than by RSS. The Effects of Commuter Rail Establishment on Population Deconcentration: Research to date has not established the efficacy of commuter rail systems in attracting migrants most likely to use such an amenity. Through the application of a modified population deconcentration model, this chapter finds that the provision of a commuter rail station significantly increases neighborhood-level out-commuting and gross migration, which signals success in attracting migrants requiring commuting infrastructure. These findings also signal that commuter rail encourages regional population deconcentration, but the evidence is insufficient to form a conclusion and the evidence from Chapters 2 and 4 signal otherwise. Developing an Agent-Based Model (ABM) For Estimation of Land Use Changes around Commuter Rail Stations over Time: This chapter improves the understanding of commuter rails’ effect on future land use changes through spatial interaction modeling. In particular, we develop an innovative agent-based model (ABM) that allows us to estimate and visualize the probability of land use changes per parcel based on proximity to commuter rail stations, freeway exits, and the region’s central business district. Briefly, this chapter concludes that the development of a commuter rail station is statistically significantly associated with decreases in single-family residential land use near the station, which is met by increases in multifamily and mixed-use development. The spatial effects of stations on individual land uses vary by land use type, and no generalizable area of influence could be established. This report points to potential future research, as well as implications for planning practitioners. Close

• 47. [Article] A Pathway Linking Smart Growth Neighborhoods to Home-Based Pedestrian Travel

  Land development patterns, urban design, and transportation system features are inextricably linked to pedestrian travel. Accordingly, planners and decision-makers have turned to integrated transportation-land ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Pathway Linking Smart Growth Neighborhoods to Home-Based Pedestrian Travel Author: Gehrke, Steven R., Clifton, Kelly J. Year: 2017 Land development patterns, urban design, and transportation system features are inextricably linked to pedestrian travel. Accordingly, planners and decision-makers have turned to integrated transportation-land use policies and investments to address the pressing need for improvements in physical activity levels via the creation of walkable communities. However, policy questions regarding the identification of smart growth indicators and their connection to walking remain unanswered, because most studies of the built environment determinants of pedestrian travel: (a) represent the built environment with isolated metrics instead of as a multidimensional construct and (b) model this transportation-land use relationship outside of a multidirectional analytic framework. Using structural equation modeling, this Portland, Oregon study identifies a second-order latent construct of the built environment indicated by land use mix, density, and urban design and transportation system features. Study findings suggest this construct has a strong effect on the household-level decision to walk for transport and discretionary travel. The video of the presentation is located here: https://echo360.pdx.edu/ess/echo/presentation/3b8a6987-6c8e-4407-bace-e4e627520a97 Title: A Pathway Linking Smart Growth Neighborhoods to Home-Based Pedestrian Travel Author: Gehrke, Steven R., Clifton, Kelly J. Year: 2017 Land development patterns, urban design, and transportation system features are inextricably linked to pedestrian travel. Accordingly, planners and decision-makers have turned to integrated transportation-land use policies and investments to address the pressing need for improvements in physical activity levels via the creation of walkable communities. However, policy questions regarding the identification of smart growth indicators and their connection to walking remain unanswered, because most studies of the built environment determinants of pedestrian travel: (a) represent the built environment with isolated metrics instead of as a multidimensional construct and (b) model this transportation-land use relationship outside of a multidirectional analytic framework. Using structural equation modeling, this Portland, Oregon study identifies a second-order latent construct of the built environment indicated by land use mix, density, and urban design and transportation system features. Study findings suggest this construct has a strong effect on the household-level decision to walk for transport and discretionary travel. The video of the presentation is located here: https://echo360.pdx.edu/ess/echo/presentation/3b8a6987-6c8e-4407-bace-e4e627520a97 Close

• 48. [Article] Old Town Fairview: A Neighborhood Analysis and Implementation Strategy

  The purpose of this document is to develop, identify, recommend and prioritize the steps for an implementation strategy that promotes the ongoing revitalization goals for Fairview's Old Town neighborhood ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Old Town Fairview: A Neighborhood Analysis and Implementation Strategy Author: Godkin, Kristen, Hastay, Johanna, Pepos, Eve D., Richards, Cathreen, Soppe, Thomas, Stiffler, Peter Year: 2003 The purpose of this document is to develop, identify, recommend and prioritize the steps for an implementation strategy that promotes the ongoing revitalization goals for Fairview's Old Town neighborhood that is both tailored to current residents' needs and existing housing costs. Communities are stronger when residents are actively involved. The Old Town project's effort utilized a community based collaborative approach that included Old Town residents, absentee land owners, the City of Fairview planners and the Portland State University project team. The specific steps included: a demographic profile, a land use analysis, a survey of current housing conditions, a community survey of residents' perceptions of their housing and neighborhood, a review of relevant literature regarding the risk of housing price increase and a review of policies that can influence housing price stability. The demographic profile was used to illustrate the characteristics of the people the project was intended to serve and how they compare to the rest of Fairview and the Portland/ Vancouver metropolitan region. A land use analysis was conducted to find the current proportions of different land uses, the distribution of housing types, current zoning designations and how well they fit together. The housing conditions survey revealed the overall housing characteristics of Old Town and the common problems found among individual houses, as well as gave an accurate count of total housing units. The housing conditions survey also included an overview of prominent architectural styles to assess the neighborhood's appeal to certain types of potential buyers. The community survey was conducted as a means to understand the residents' desires and visions for Old Town. The literature review informed a risk assessment of housing price increases that can result from the neighborhood's location, demographics and potential revitalization. The policy review was conducted to find policies that may aid the City of Fairview in maintaining housing price stability in Old Town. This project was conducted under the supervision of Deborah Howe, Steven Reed Johnson, and Connie Ozawa. Title: Old Town Fairview: A Neighborhood Analysis and Implementation Strategy Author: Godkin, Kristen, Hastay, Johanna, Pepos, Eve D., Richards, Cathreen, Soppe, Thomas, Stiffler, Peter Year: 2003 The purpose of this document is to develop, identify, recommend and prioritize the steps for an implementation strategy that promotes the ongoing revitalization goals for Fairview's Old Town neighborhood that is both tailored to current residents' needs and existing housing costs. Communities are stronger when residents are actively involved. The Old Town project's effort utilized a community based collaborative approach that included Old Town residents, absentee land owners, the City of Fairview planners and the Portland State University project team. The specific steps included: a demographic profile, a land use analysis, a survey of current housing conditions, a community survey of residents' perceptions of their housing and neighborhood, a review of relevant literature regarding the risk of housing price increase and a review of policies that can influence housing price stability. The demographic profile was used to illustrate the characteristics of the people the project was intended to serve and how they compare to the rest of Fairview and the Portland/ Vancouver metropolitan region. A land use analysis was conducted to find the current proportions of different land uses, the distribution of housing types, current zoning designations and how well they fit together. The housing conditions survey revealed the overall housing characteristics of Old Town and the common problems found among individual houses, as well as gave an accurate count of total housing units. The housing conditions survey also included an overview of prominent architectural styles to assess the neighborhood's appeal to certain types of potential buyers. The community survey was conducted as a means to understand the residents' desires and visions for Old Town. The literature review informed a risk assessment of housing price increases that can result from the neighborhood's location, demographics and potential revitalization. The policy review was conducted to find policies that may aid the City of Fairview in maintaining housing price stability in Old Town. This project was conducted under the supervision of Deborah Howe, Steven Reed Johnson, and Connie Ozawa. Close

• 49. [Article] Transportation Cost Index as a Performance Measure for Transportation and Land Use Systems: New Approaches and Applications

  This research aims to fill gaps in existing multi-modal performance measures for transportation and land use systems: As a supplement/replacement of traffic-centric measures such as LOS, travel delay; ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Transportation Cost Index as a Performance Measure for Transportation and Land Use Systems: New Approaches and Applications Author: Wang, Liming, Yang, Huajie, Liu, Jenny H. Year: 2016 This research aims to fill gaps in existing multi-modal performance measures for transportation and land use systems: As a supplement/replacement of traffic-centric measures such as LOS, travel delay; Recent federal and state legislations put more emphases on using of performance measures in transportation planning & operation: MAP-21, Oregon Job and Transportation Act (OJTA); Existing performance measures for transportation and land use systems, although now numerous, have their own limitation (Table 1), and leave important aspects and policy areas uncovered, for example, the balance of transportation investment between different modes and across geographical areas as mandated by OJTA Title: Transportation Cost Index as a Performance Measure for Transportation and Land Use Systems: New Approaches and Applications Author: Wang, Liming, Yang, Huajie, Liu, Jenny H. Year: 2016 This research aims to fill gaps in existing multi-modal performance measures for transportation and land use systems: As a supplement/replacement of traffic-centric measures such as LOS, travel delay; Recent federal and state legislations put more emphases on using of performance measures in transportation planning & operation: MAP-21, Oregon Job and Transportation Act (OJTA); Existing performance measures for transportation and land use systems, although now numerous, have their own limitation (Table 1), and leave important aspects and policy areas uncovered, for example, the balance of transportation investment between different modes and across geographical areas as mandated by OJTA Close

• 50. [Article] Realistic or Utopian? Coordinating Transit and Land Use to Achieve Equitable Transit-Oriented Development

  Equitable transit-oriented development (E-TOD)—the prioritization of social equity as an outcome of TOD implementation—has become a U.S. DOT policy stance, an objective of many other government bodies, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Realistic or Utopian? Coordinating Transit and Land Use to Achieve Equitable Transit-Oriented Development Author: Carlton, Ian Year: 2016 Equitable transit-oriented development (E-TOD)—the prioritization of social equity as an outcome of TOD implementation—has become a U.S. DOT policy stance, an objective of many other government bodies, and part of many NGOs' missions. But is it feasible to coordinate transit and land use in ways that allow us to achieve these goals, or is this a classic example of a wicked problem? This talk will use Portland as a case study to explore some of the internal contradictions inherent in E-TOD goals, the systemic challenges that must be considered, and glimmers of hope for delivering E-TOD. Transportation and land use planners, housing developers, social equity advocates, and others are invited to join this cross-cutting discussion. Title: Realistic or Utopian? Coordinating Transit and Land Use to Achieve Equitable Transit-Oriented Development Author: Carlton, Ian Year: 2016 Equitable transit-oriented development (E-TOD)—the prioritization of social equity as an outcome of TOD implementation—has become a U.S. DOT policy stance, an objective of many other government bodies, and part of many NGOs' missions. But is it feasible to coordinate transit and land use in ways that allow us to achieve these goals, or is this a classic example of a wicked problem? This talk will use Portland as a case study to explore some of the internal contradictions inherent in E-TOD goals, the systemic challenges that must be considered, and glimmers of hope for delivering E-TOD. Transportation and land use planners, housing developers, social equity advocates, and others are invited to join this cross-cutting discussion. Close

• 51. [Article] Caring for the Land, Serving People: Creating a Multicultural Forest Service in the Civil Rights Era

  This qualitative study of representative bureaucracy examines the extension and limitations of liberal democratic rights by connecting environmental and social history with policy, individual decision ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Caring for the Land, Serving People: Creating a Multicultural Forest Service in the Civil Rights Era Author: Sinclair, Donna Lynn Year: 2015 This qualitative study of representative bureaucracy examines the extension and limitations of liberal democratic rights by connecting environmental and social history with policy, individual decision making, gender, race, and class in American history. It documents major cultural shifts in a homogeneous patriarchal organization, constraints, advancement, and the historical agency of women and minorities. "Creating a Multicultural Forest Service" identifies a relationship between natural and human resources and tells a story of expanding and contracting civil liberties that shifted over time from women and people of color to include the differently-abled and LGBT communities. It includes oral history as a key to uncovering individual decision points, relational networks, organizational activism, and human/nature relations to shape meaningful explanations of historical institutional change. With gender and race as primary categories, this inquiry forms a history that is critical to understanding federal bureaucratic efforts to meet workforce diversity goals in natural resource organizations. Title: Caring for the Land, Serving People: Creating a Multicultural Forest Service in the Civil Rights Era Author: Sinclair, Donna Lynn Year: 2015 This qualitative study of representative bureaucracy examines the extension and limitations of liberal democratic rights by connecting environmental and social history with policy, individual decision making, gender, race, and class in American history. It documents major cultural shifts in a homogeneous patriarchal organization, constraints, advancement, and the historical agency of women and minorities. "Creating a Multicultural Forest Service" identifies a relationship between natural and human resources and tells a story of expanding and contracting civil liberties that shifted over time from women and people of color to include the differently-abled and LGBT communities. It includes oral history as a key to uncovering individual decision points, relational networks, organizational activism, and human/nature relations to shape meaningful explanations of historical institutional change. With gender and race as primary categories, this inquiry forms a history that is critical to understanding federal bureaucratic efforts to meet workforce diversity goals in natural resource organizations. Close

• 52. [Article] Impact of the Six Percent Tax Base Limitation on Local Government Financing of Infrastructure Needs of Urban Growth

  Impact of the six percent tax base limitation on local government financing of infrastructure needs of urban growth.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impact of the Six Percent Tax Base Limitation on Local Government Financing of Infrastructure Needs of Urban Growth Author: Portland State University. Center for Urban Studies, Regional Financial Advisors, Inc., Oregon. Department of Land Conservation and Development Year: 1990 Impact of the six percent tax base limitation on local government financing of infrastructure needs of urban growth. Title: Impact of the Six Percent Tax Base Limitation on Local Government Financing of Infrastructure Needs of Urban Growth Author: Portland State University. Center for Urban Studies, Regional Financial Advisors, Inc., Oregon. Department of Land Conservation and Development Year: 1990 Impact of the six percent tax base limitation on local government financing of infrastructure needs of urban growth. Close

• 53. [Article] Transportation and Land Use Patterns: Monitoring Urban Change Using Aerial Photography, Portland, Oregon 1925-1945

  American urban neighborhoods are a patchwork; the spatial arrangement of types is a reflection of the dominant transportation technology at the time of their development. The earliest suburban areas were ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Transportation and Land Use Patterns: Monitoring Urban Change Using Aerial Photography, Portland, Oregon 1925-1945 Author: Fyfield, Paul Hagen Year: 2003 American urban neighborhoods are a patchwork; the spatial arrangement of types is a reflection of the dominant transportation technology at the time of their development. The earliest suburban areas were made accessible by fixed route systems such as the electric streetcar, followed by the widespread adoption of the automobile; each transportation epoch resulted in characteristic patterns of land use. This study uses aerial photographic coverage of Portland, Oregon from the years 1925, 1936, and 1945, a time of decline for the once popular trolley lines and dramatic increase in automobile usage, to monitor change within the residential areas of Portland's east side over a twenty year period. Classic economic models of the time acknowledged transportation as a force shaping the city; modem ideas in urban planning such as Traditional Neighborhood Design and Transit Oriented Development look to pre-automobile urban form as a means to reduce automobile use and its negative implications. This study uses variables of housing density and street connectivity derived from the aerial photography; the measured values of these variables are then considered for their spatial and temporal distribution using statistical comparisons. The results are compared to ideas within the urban models and current thinking about urban morphology. While generally consistent with the expected patterns, deviations and differences between the two variables are considered for their implications. Models offer a simplified version of the growth of American cities, considering only a few of the many aspects of a dynamic environment. By isolating on these variables of density and connectivity, a greater understanding of their role in arriving at the modem residential urban environment may be reached, and this understanding can add to the discourse in current planning debates. Title: Transportation and Land Use Patterns: Monitoring Urban Change Using Aerial Photography, Portland, Oregon 1925-1945 Author: Fyfield, Paul Hagen Year: 2003 American urban neighborhoods are a patchwork; the spatial arrangement of types is a reflection of the dominant transportation technology at the time of their development. The earliest suburban areas were made accessible by fixed route systems such as the electric streetcar, followed by the widespread adoption of the automobile; each transportation epoch resulted in characteristic patterns of land use. This study uses aerial photographic coverage of Portland, Oregon from the years 1925, 1936, and 1945, a time of decline for the once popular trolley lines and dramatic increase in automobile usage, to monitor change within the residential areas of Portland's east side over a twenty year period. Classic economic models of the time acknowledged transportation as a force shaping the city; modem ideas in urban planning such as Traditional Neighborhood Design and Transit Oriented Development look to pre-automobile urban form as a means to reduce automobile use and its negative implications. This study uses variables of housing density and street connectivity derived from the aerial photography; the measured values of these variables are then considered for their spatial and temporal distribution using statistical comparisons. The results are compared to ideas within the urban models and current thinking about urban morphology. While generally consistent with the expected patterns, deviations and differences between the two variables are considered for their implications. Models offer a simplified version of the growth of American cities, considering only a few of the many aspects of a dynamic environment. By isolating on these variables of density and connectivity, a greater understanding of their role in arriving at the modem residential urban environment may be reached, and this understanding can add to the discourse in current planning debates. Close

• 54. [Article] Development and Sensitivity Testing of Alternative Mobility Metrics

  The Oregon Highway Plan’s (OHP) mobility policies guide various planning and programming activities of the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT). Among these activities are ODOT’s land use change ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Development and Sensitivity Testing of Alternative Mobility Metrics Author: Gliebe, John, Strathman, James G. Year: 2012 The Oregon Highway Plan’s (OHP) mobility policies guide various planning and programming activities of the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT). Among these activities are ODOT’s land use change review responsibilities under the Transportation Planning Rule, as adopted by the state’s Land Conservation and Development Commission. This report examines supplemental transportation performance metrics beyond the volume-to-capacity metric that currently supports OHP mobility policies. Selected supplemental metrics are empirically analyzed using a travel demand model calibrated for a Medford, Oregon study area. Title: Development and Sensitivity Testing of Alternative Mobility Metrics Author: Gliebe, John, Strathman, James G. Year: 2012 The Oregon Highway Plan’s (OHP) mobility policies guide various planning and programming activities of the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT). Among these activities are ODOT’s land use change review responsibilities under the Transportation Planning Rule, as adopted by the state’s Land Conservation and Development Commission. This report examines supplemental transportation performance metrics beyond the volume-to-capacity metric that currently supports OHP mobility policies. Selected supplemental metrics are empirically analyzed using a travel demand model calibrated for a Medford, Oregon study area. Close

• 55. [Article] Impact of the Urban Growth Boundary on Metropolitan Housing Markets

  As required by state law, Metro has conducted an "Urban Growth Report" and a "Housing Needs Analysis" to determine whether the currant Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) surrounding the Portland metropolitan ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impact of the Urban Growth Boundary on Metropolitan Housing Markets Author: Mildner, Gerard C., Dueker, Kenneth, Rufolo, Anthony M. Year: 1996 As required by state law, Metro has conducted an "Urban Growth Report" and a "Housing Needs Analysis" to determine whether the currant Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) surrounding the Portland metropolitan area is sufficient to handle the increase in population and number of households expected over the next 20 years. Mr. Don Morissette commissioned Portland State University's Center for Urban Studies to assess whether the techniques used in theses two studies were appropriate and to assess the impact of the UGB on housing markets in the Portland metropolitan area generally. The focus will be be on the impact of the UGB and other land use regulations on the availability of land for development, the achievable density, as well as land and housing prices. As such, much of this report is a review and techniques used by Metro rather than primary data collection. However, some review of public data on housing construction, zoning, and prices was done as part of this study. Title: Impact of the Urban Growth Boundary on Metropolitan Housing Markets Author: Mildner, Gerard C., Dueker, Kenneth, Rufolo, Anthony M. Year: 1996 As required by state law, Metro has conducted an "Urban Growth Report" and a "Housing Needs Analysis" to determine whether the currant Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) surrounding the Portland metropolitan area is sufficient to handle the increase in population and number of households expected over the next 20 years. Mr. Don Morissette commissioned Portland State University's Center for Urban Studies to assess whether the techniques used in theses two studies were appropriate and to assess the impact of the UGB on housing markets in the Portland metropolitan area generally. The focus will be be on the impact of the UGB and other land use regulations on the availability of land for development, the achievable density, as well as land and housing prices. As such, much of this report is a review and techniques used by Metro rather than primary data collection. However, some review of public data on housing construction, zoning, and prices was done as part of this study. Close

• 56. [Article] Webinar: Transport Cost Index: A New Comprehensive Performance Measure for Transportation and Land Use

  Recent federal and state policies are placing increasing emphasis on using comprehensive transportation performance measures to guide transportation decision making processes covering policy areas ranging ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Webinar: Transport Cost Index: A New Comprehensive Performance Measure for Transportation and Land Use Author: Wang, Liming Year: 2015 Recent federal and state policies are placing increasing emphasis on using comprehensive transportation performance measures to guide transportation decision making processes covering policy areas ranging from mobility, safety, economy and livability, to issues of equity and environment. While it is relatively easy to build consensus on mobility measures that center on the transportation system alone, it is much harder for performance measures to incorporate both transportation and land use, loosely defined as accessibility measures, even with continuous efforts to catalog and design such measures. Two projects at PSU sponsored by Oregon DOT and National Institute of Transportation Communities (NITC) aim to to develop and evaluate Transport Cost Index (TCI), a comprehensive performance measure for transportation and land use, in order to fill important gaps in popular accessibility measures: TCI is a composite indicator that is able to present an overall picture of a community’s accessibility, while at the same time is relatively easy to interpret for policy makers and the public; It fills gaps in policy areas represented by popular performance measures of land use and transportation systems, in particular the equity and balance aspects; It is applicable for monitoring historical and projected trends (benchmarking), evaluating and comparing outcomes from what-if scenarios (scenario evaluation), as well as to report the current status. The webinar reviews similar measures, describes the rationale, design and implementation of TCI, and presents results of its applications in Portland and Corvallis, Oregon, as well as preliminary testing results from Salt Lake City, Utah and Tampa Bay, Florida. Title: Webinar: Transport Cost Index: A New Comprehensive Performance Measure for Transportation and Land Use Author: Wang, Liming Year: 2015 Recent federal and state policies are placing increasing emphasis on using comprehensive transportation performance measures to guide transportation decision making processes covering policy areas ranging from mobility, safety, economy and livability, to issues of equity and environment. While it is relatively easy to build consensus on mobility measures that center on the transportation system alone, it is much harder for performance measures to incorporate both transportation and land use, loosely defined as accessibility measures, even with continuous efforts to catalog and design such measures. Two projects at PSU sponsored by Oregon DOT and National Institute of Transportation Communities (NITC) aim to to develop and evaluate Transport Cost Index (TCI), a comprehensive performance measure for transportation and land use, in order to fill important gaps in popular accessibility measures: TCI is a composite indicator that is able to present an overall picture of a community’s accessibility, while at the same time is relatively easy to interpret for policy makers and the public; It fills gaps in policy areas represented by popular performance measures of land use and transportation systems, in particular the equity and balance aspects; It is applicable for monitoring historical and projected trends (benchmarking), evaluating and comparing outcomes from what-if scenarios (scenario evaluation), as well as to report the current status. The webinar reviews similar measures, describes the rationale, design and implementation of TCI, and presents results of its applications in Portland and Corvallis, Oregon, as well as preliminary testing results from Salt Lake City, Utah and Tampa Bay, Florida. Close

• 57. [Article] Cultivating the Commons An Assessment of the Potential for Urban Agriculture on Oakland’s Public Land

  This is an inventory of open space with potential for agricultural production on land both owned by public agencies and within the city limits of Oakland, California. The inventory was conducted between ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cultivating the Commons An Assessment of the Potential for Urban Agriculture on Oakland’s Public Land Author: McClintock, Nathan, Cooper, Jenny Year: 2010 This is an inventory of open space with potential for agricultural production on land both owned by public agencies and within the city limits of Oakland, California. The inventory was conducted between the summer of 2008 and spring of 2009 and is part of an ongoing movement to develop a more resilient, sustainable, and just food system in Oakland. This project aims to locate Oakland’s "commons"—land that is owned by public agencies and therefore a public resource—and assess the potential for urban agriculture (UA) on this land. We hope that this assessment can be used 1) to inform policy decisions that concern Oakland’s food, health, and environmental quality, and 2) by non-profit organizations and city officials as a tool with which to identify potential sites for UA programs. Title: Cultivating the Commons An Assessment of the Potential for Urban Agriculture on Oakland’s Public Land Author: McClintock, Nathan, Cooper, Jenny Year: 2010 This is an inventory of open space with potential for agricultural production on land both owned by public agencies and within the city limits of Oakland, California. The inventory was conducted between the summer of 2008 and spring of 2009 and is part of an ongoing movement to develop a more resilient, sustainable, and just food system in Oakland. This project aims to locate Oakland’s "commons"—land that is owned by public agencies and therefore a public resource—and assess the potential for urban agriculture (UA) on this land. We hope that this assessment can be used 1) to inform policy decisions that concern Oakland’s food, health, and environmental quality, and 2) by non-profit organizations and city officials as a tool with which to identify potential sites for UA programs. Close

• 58. [Article] Woodlawn Neighborhood Plan Land Use Map

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Woodlawn Neighborhood Plan Land Use Map Author: unknown Year: 1974 Title: Woodlawn Neighborhood Plan Land Use Map Author: unknown Year: 1974 Close

• 59. [Article] Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: Seeing the Past in the Present - A Snapshot of the Relationship between Urban Growth and Transportation

  With this edition of the periodic atlas, we explore the waves of growth and changes in urban form that have occurred over the last century in Metro's tri-county region using historic maps and the year-built ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: Seeing the Past in the Present - A Snapshot of the Relationship between Urban Growth and Transportation Author: Merrick, Meg Year: 2011 With this edition of the periodic atlas, we explore the waves of growth and changes in urban form that have occurred over the last century in Metro's tri-county region using historic maps and the year-built information provided by Metro's Regional Land Information System (RLIS) for tax lots. Title: Periodic Atlas of the Metroscape: Seeing the Past in the Present - A Snapshot of the Relationship between Urban Growth and Transportation Author: Merrick, Meg Year: 2011 With this edition of the periodic atlas, we explore the waves of growth and changes in urban form that have occurred over the last century in Metro's tri-county region using historic maps and the year-built information provided by Metro's Regional Land Information System (RLIS) for tax lots. Close

• 60. [Article] No Vacancy

  Vacant lots and buildings, whether in stages of redevelopment or decline, are spaces in flux. Left unused, these empty spaces can pose difficult challenges for their owners and surrounding neighborhoods; ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: No Vacancy Author: Dann, Becky, Somerfield, Beth, Rice, Emily, Meier, Briana Year: 2009 Vacant lots and buildings, whether in stages of redevelopment or decline, are spaces in flux. Left unused, these empty spaces can pose difficult challenges for their owners and surrounding neighborhoods; however, the uncertain futures of vacant sites also present unique opportunities for a variety of temporary uses. In partnership with the Central Eastside Industrial Council, LocusLab is exploring the potential to enliven the Central Eastside Industrial District by activating vacant spaces with temporary activities and developments. We've worked to: uncover potential benefits of temporary use; find ways to overcome barriers faced by temporary projects; initiate a conversation between property owners, potential space users, neighbors; and supporting organizations about the future of temporary use of empty spaces in the District. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler and Ethan Seltzer. Title: No Vacancy Author: Dann, Becky, Somerfield, Beth, Rice, Emily, Meier, Briana Year: 2009 Vacant lots and buildings, whether in stages of redevelopment or decline, are spaces in flux. Left unused, these empty spaces can pose difficult challenges for their owners and surrounding neighborhoods; however, the uncertain futures of vacant sites also present unique opportunities for a variety of temporary uses. In partnership with the Central Eastside Industrial Council, LocusLab is exploring the potential to enliven the Central Eastside Industrial District by activating vacant spaces with temporary activities and developments. We've worked to: uncover potential benefits of temporary use; find ways to overcome barriers faced by temporary projects; initiate a conversation between property owners, potential space users, neighbors; and supporting organizations about the future of temporary use of empty spaces in the District. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler and Ethan Seltzer. Close

• 61. [Article] Track Time and Monetary Costs of Transportation as a Comprehensive Performance Measure: Development and Application of Transportation Cost Index

  As federal and state policies place increasing emphasis on using comprehensive transportation performance measures to guide transportation decision making, there is a gap in such measures of transportation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Track Time and Monetary Costs of Transportation as a Comprehensive Performance Measure: Development and Application of Transportation Cost Index Author: Wang, Liming Year: 2016 As federal and state policies place increasing emphasis on using comprehensive transportation performance measures to guide transportation decision making, there is a gap in such measures of transportation and land use systems. This seminar reports the results from a research project aiming to fill the gap in the type of applications and policy areas covered by existing measures. Modeled after the popular Consumer Price Index, the project refines and develops a transportation cost index (TCI) measure for transportation and land use systems by tracking the time and monetary costs of transportation for households as they travel to satisfy their daily needs. The TCI can be used in applications ranging from monitoring historical and projected trends (benchmarking), to evaluating and comparing scenarios outcomes (scenario evaluation), and it is capable of representing policy areas not sufficiently covered by existing similar measures. The seminar will review similar performance measures, describe the rationale, design and implementation of TCI, and present results of its applications in Portland and Corvallis, Oregon, as well as nation-wide in the US. The project is sponsored by National Institute of Transportation Communities (NITC) and Oregon DOT. Title: Track Time and Monetary Costs of Transportation as a Comprehensive Performance Measure: Development and Application of Transportation Cost Index Author: Wang, Liming Year: 2016 As federal and state policies place increasing emphasis on using comprehensive transportation performance measures to guide transportation decision making, there is a gap in such measures of transportation and land use systems. This seminar reports the results from a research project aiming to fill the gap in the type of applications and policy areas covered by existing measures. Modeled after the popular Consumer Price Index, the project refines and develops a transportation cost index (TCI) measure for transportation and land use systems by tracking the time and monetary costs of transportation for households as they travel to satisfy their daily needs. The TCI can be used in applications ranging from monitoring historical and projected trends (benchmarking), to evaluating and comparing scenarios outcomes (scenario evaluation), and it is capable of representing policy areas not sufficiently covered by existing similar measures. The seminar will review similar performance measures, describe the rationale, design and implementation of TCI, and present results of its applications in Portland and Corvallis, Oregon, as well as nation-wide in the US. The project is sponsored by National Institute of Transportation Communities (NITC) and Oregon DOT. Close

• 62. [Article] More Urban Form, Fewer Auto Trips

  Trip generation refers to the number of vehicle trips that are predicted to originate in a given zone. The Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) publishes standard trip generation rates for various ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: More Urban Form, Fewer Auto Trips Author: Clifton, Kelly J. Year: 2014 Trip generation refers to the number of vehicle trips that are predicted to originate in a given zone. The Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) publishes standard trip generation rates for various land use types, but these rates are primarily measured in low-density suburban areas. There is national interest in building data that expands upon the existing ITE trip generation rates to include sites located in a multi-modal context. In areas that have a more compact urban form, better access to transit and a greater mix of land uses, fewer vehicle trips may be generated there than ITE rates indicate. However, there is a strong industry bias toward using ITE-published rates, so that when local governments are evaluating transportation impacts and calculating transportation system development charges, they are often compelled to use ITE rates instead of local data, especially in the absence of an empirically tested methodology for adjusting the ITE standard rates. An OTREC project headed by Kelly Clifton, of Portland State University, examines the ways in which urban context affects vehicle trip-generation rates across a variety of land uses. In the study, Clifton developed a model to adjust ITE’s trip generation rates for urban contexts Title: More Urban Form, Fewer Auto Trips Author: Clifton, Kelly J. Year: 2014 Trip generation refers to the number of vehicle trips that are predicted to originate in a given zone. The Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) publishes standard trip generation rates for various land use types, but these rates are primarily measured in low-density suburban areas. There is national interest in building data that expands upon the existing ITE trip generation rates to include sites located in a multi-modal context. In areas that have a more compact urban form, better access to transit and a greater mix of land uses, fewer vehicle trips may be generated there than ITE rates indicate. However, there is a strong industry bias toward using ITE-published rates, so that when local governments are evaluating transportation impacts and calculating transportation system development charges, they are often compelled to use ITE rates instead of local data, especially in the absence of an empirically tested methodology for adjusting the ITE standard rates. An OTREC project headed by Kelly Clifton, of Portland State University, examines the ways in which urban context affects vehicle trip-generation rates across a variety of land uses. In the study, Clifton developed a model to adjust ITE’s trip generation rates for urban contexts Close

• 63. [Article] Urban Growth Management Study: Summary Report

  This report is organized to serve as an agenda for improving growth management in Oregon. It identifies a range of issues and lists related study conclusions. It also arrays proposals for addressing the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban Growth Management Study: Summary Report Author: Oregon. Department of Land Conservation and Development Year: 1991 This report is organized to serve as an agenda for improving growth management in Oregon. It identifies a range of issues and lists related study conclusions. It also arrays proposals for addressing the issues. The report lists only proposals the Department believes warrant further development and examination. Title: Urban Growth Management Study: Summary Report Author: Oregon. Department of Land Conservation and Development Year: 1991 This report is organized to serve as an agenda for improving growth management in Oregon. It identifies a range of issues and lists related study conclusions. It also arrays proposals for addressing the issues. The report lists only proposals the Department believes warrant further development and examination. Close

• 64. [Article] Identifying Clusters of Non-Farm Activity within Exclusive Farm Use Zones in the Northern Willamette Valley

  This thesis provides an extensive look at where permitted non-farm uses and dwellings have clustered within Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) zones in the Northern Willamette Valley in Oregon. There is a looming ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Identifying Clusters of Non-Farm Activity within Exclusive Farm Use Zones in the Northern Willamette Valley Author: Chun, Nicholas Year: 2017 This thesis provides an extensive look at where permitted non-farm uses and dwellings have clustered within Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) zones in the Northern Willamette Valley in Oregon. There is a looming concern that non-farm related uses and dwellings, or non-farm development, are conflicting with agricultural preservation strategies. Specifically, non-farm developments can potentially undermine the critical mass of farmland needed to keep the agricultural economy sustainable, but until now, studies have lacked spatially precise data to systematically track these phenomena. This thesis offers methodological contributions towards analyzing these operations and presents a broad account of what has been occurring in the region. Using permit approval data from the Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD) and 2015 county tax lot shapefiles, I geocoded the locations of these uses and dwellings. I used location quotient and spatial autocorrelation coefficients to identify non-farm hotspots in the region and summarized different typologies that have developed. The findings reveal that viticulture operations have amassed near Dundee and Newberg in Yamhill County, while commercial activities and home occupations have clustered near the Salem-Keizer UGB. Concurrently, dwellings have clustered near the Yamhill-Polk County border. Finally, I offer suggestions to improve Oregon's agricultural land use policy and data management process, as well as advocate for more intensive research in the future to generate narratives for our results. Title: Identifying Clusters of Non-Farm Activity within Exclusive Farm Use Zones in the Northern Willamette Valley Author: Chun, Nicholas Year: 2017 This thesis provides an extensive look at where permitted non-farm uses and dwellings have clustered within Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) zones in the Northern Willamette Valley in Oregon. There is a looming concern that non-farm related uses and dwellings, or non-farm development, are conflicting with agricultural preservation strategies. Specifically, non-farm developments can potentially undermine the critical mass of farmland needed to keep the agricultural economy sustainable, but until now, studies have lacked spatially precise data to systematically track these phenomena. This thesis offers methodological contributions towards analyzing these operations and presents a broad account of what has been occurring in the region. Using permit approval data from the Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD) and 2015 county tax lot shapefiles, I geocoded the locations of these uses and dwellings. I used location quotient and spatial autocorrelation coefficients to identify non-farm hotspots in the region and summarized different typologies that have developed. The findings reveal that viticulture operations have amassed near Dundee and Newberg in Yamhill County, while commercial activities and home occupations have clustered near the Salem-Keizer UGB. Concurrently, dwellings have clustered near the Yamhill-Polk County border. Finally, I offer suggestions to improve Oregon's agricultural land use policy and data management process, as well as advocate for more intensive research in the future to generate narratives for our results. Close

• 65. [Article] Transportation Solutions: Collaborative Problem Solving for States and Communities

  In April 2003, the National Policy Consensus Center (NPCC) hosted a colloquium for people involved in transportation collaborations—federal and state agency representatives, consultants, dispute resolution ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Transportation Solutions: Collaborative Problem Solving for States and Communities Author: National Policy Consensus Center Year: 2003 In April 2003, the National Policy Consensus Center (NPCC) hosted a colloquium for people involved in transportation collaborations—federal and state agency representatives, consultants, dispute resolution professionals and representatives from professional associations and local planning organizations. The colloquium was co-sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration, the U.S. Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and the Florida, Oregon, and California Departments of Transportation. This report summarizes lessons learned about transportation collaborations and offers recommendations for governors and state transportation officials on ways to enhance the use and effectiveness of collaborative problem solving around transportation issues. The report also identifies areas for additional research that will help fill our knowledge gaps and address existing barriers to effective collaboration on transportation issues. Title: Transportation Solutions: Collaborative Problem Solving for States and Communities Author: National Policy Consensus Center Year: 2003 In April 2003, the National Policy Consensus Center (NPCC) hosted a colloquium for people involved in transportation collaborations—federal and state agency representatives, consultants, dispute resolution professionals and representatives from professional associations and local planning organizations. The colloquium was co-sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration, the U.S. Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and the Florida, Oregon, and California Departments of Transportation. This report summarizes lessons learned about transportation collaborations and offers recommendations for governors and state transportation officials on ways to enhance the use and effectiveness of collaborative problem solving around transportation issues. The report also identifies areas for additional research that will help fill our knowledge gaps and address existing barriers to effective collaboration on transportation issues. Close

• 66. [Article] Journal Building Site Use Committee

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Journal Building Site Use Committee Author: City Club of Portland (Portland, Or.) Year: 1969 Title: Journal Building Site Use Committee Author: City Club of Portland (Portland, Or.) Year: 1969 Close

• 67. [Article] Changing the Face of the Earth: The Morrison-­Knudsen Corporation as Partner to the U.S. Federal Government

  Beginning with reclamation projects in the western U.S., the heavy construction industry helped the federal government grow in size and sophistication in the twentieth century. The Morrison-­Knudsen Corporation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Changing the Face of the Earth: The Morrison-­Knudsen Corporation as Partner to the U.S. Federal Government Author: Blanchard, Christopher S Year: 2014 Beginning with reclamation projects in the western U.S., the heavy construction industry helped the federal government grow in size and sophistication in the twentieth century. The Morrison-­Knudsen Corporation throughout the twentieth century represented one of the federal government's favored contractors. Following western reclamation projects, the U.S. federal government then used contractors to help move the U.S. economy out of the Depression, prepare for World War II, wage the Cold War at home and abroad, and win the space race. Thus, at key stages in United States history we observe the necessity of the U.S. federal government partnering with the heavy construction industry to achieve its policy objectives at home and abroad. Morrison-Knudsen was once the largest heavy contractor in the United States, participating in the construction of Hoover Dam, Pacific Naval Air Bases, Hanford Engineering Works, the U.S. Intercontinental Ballistic Missile System, and the Vehicle Assembly Building at the Kennedy Space Center. Title: Changing the Face of the Earth: The Morrison-­Knudsen Corporation as Partner to the U.S. Federal Government Author: Blanchard, Christopher S Year: 2014 Beginning with reclamation projects in the western U.S., the heavy construction industry helped the federal government grow in size and sophistication in the twentieth century. The Morrison-­Knudsen Corporation throughout the twentieth century represented one of the federal government's favored contractors. Following western reclamation projects, the U.S. federal government then used contractors to help move the U.S. economy out of the Depression, prepare for World War II, wage the Cold War at home and abroad, and win the space race. Thus, at key stages in United States history we observe the necessity of the U.S. federal government partnering with the heavy construction industry to achieve its policy objectives at home and abroad. Morrison-Knudsen was once the largest heavy contractor in the United States, participating in the construction of Hoover Dam, Pacific Naval Air Bases, Hanford Engineering Works, the U.S. Intercontinental Ballistic Missile System, and the Vehicle Assembly Building at the Kennedy Space Center. Close

• 68. [Article] A Simultaneous Route-level Transit Patronage Model: Demand, Supply, and Inter-route Relationship

  It is observed that transit riders are responding to service changes while transit planning is responding to ridership changes, or that transit patronage and service supply are highly interrelated. It ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Simultaneous Route-level Transit Patronage Model: Demand, Supply, and Inter-route Relationship Author: Peng, Zhongren Year: 1994 It is observed that transit riders are responding to service changes while transit planning is responding to ridership changes, or that transit patronage and service supply are highly interrelated. It is also noticed that transit riders transfer from route to route, the introduction of new service may draw some riders from the existing routes, which implies transit patronage on a route is also affected by other parallel and intersecting routes. An analytic tool is needed to examine these complex relationships in the transit system. This study has developed a quantitative model by incorporating these interactions into a simultaneous system. The simultaneity of transit demand, supply and the interrelationship of inter-route effects are addressed in a three-equation simultaneous model: a demand equation, a supply equation and an equation for competing routes. These equations are estimated simultaneously using the three-stage-least-squares estimation method. The model is estimated at the route-segment level by the time of a day, and by the inbound and outbound directions. Data from Portland, Oregon metropolitan area are used as an extended case study. The socioeconomic and demographic data are allocated to an one-quarter-mile distance service area around a transit route by utilizing the technique of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The data allocation significantly reduces the measurement error. Inter-route relationships are also identified using GIS. The estimation results show that a service change on a route increases the transit patronage on that route, but it also decreases the ridership on its competing routes, so the net effect of that service improvement is smaller than the ridership increase on the subject route. A conventional single equation model under-estimates the ridership responses on the subject route, and over-estimates the net patronage response. This study is the first research to discuss the net effects of a service change at the route level. The model can be implemented for system-level policy analysis and route-level service and land use planning. It is especially useful for "what-if" scenario analysis at the route level to simulate the ridership impacts of service and land use changes. Title: A Simultaneous Route-level Transit Patronage Model: Demand, Supply, and Inter-route Relationship Author: Peng, Zhongren Year: 1994 It is observed that transit riders are responding to service changes while transit planning is responding to ridership changes, or that transit patronage and service supply are highly interrelated. It is also noticed that transit riders transfer from route to route, the introduction of new service may draw some riders from the existing routes, which implies transit patronage on a route is also affected by other parallel and intersecting routes. An analytic tool is needed to examine these complex relationships in the transit system. This study has developed a quantitative model by incorporating these interactions into a simultaneous system. The simultaneity of transit demand, supply and the interrelationship of inter-route effects are addressed in a three-equation simultaneous model: a demand equation, a supply equation and an equation for competing routes. These equations are estimated simultaneously using the three-stage-least-squares estimation method. The model is estimated at the route-segment level by the time of a day, and by the inbound and outbound directions. Data from Portland, Oregon metropolitan area are used as an extended case study. The socioeconomic and demographic data are allocated to an one-quarter-mile distance service area around a transit route by utilizing the technique of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The data allocation significantly reduces the measurement error. Inter-route relationships are also identified using GIS. The estimation results show that a service change on a route increases the transit patronage on that route, but it also decreases the ridership on its competing routes, so the net effect of that service improvement is smaller than the ridership increase on the subject route. A conventional single equation model under-estimates the ridership responses on the subject route, and over-estimates the net patronage response. This study is the first research to discuss the net effects of a service change at the route level. The model can be implemented for system-level policy analysis and route-level service and land use planning. It is especially useful for "what-if" scenario analysis at the route level to simulate the ridership impacts of service and land use changes. Close

• 69. [Article] Boise Neighborhood Gateway Project

  This project is a plan to transform an under-utilized parcel of public land into a community asset. Through the analysis of construction, funding, site constraints, maintenance and stewardship options, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Boise Neighborhood Gateway Project Author: Andreades, Debra, Khan, Arif, Hughes, Emily, Konkol, Tony Year: 2001 This project is a plan to transform an under-utilized parcel of public land into a community asset. Through the analysis of construction, funding, site constraints, maintenance and stewardship options, the project team created a design concept and implementation plan for a parcel of land adjacent to the Interstate 5 freeway. The project team solicited input from community residents through a public involvement process and created an advisory committee consisting of stakeholders to provide guidance for the project. The plan documents the process of project initiation and the selection of alternatives. This plan may be used as a reference for enhancing publicly owned parcels in other neighborhoods. The site is an unimproved 1.5-acre parcel abutting a raised portion of I- 5 situated on the west side of N. Mississippi Avenue between N. Monroe Street to the north and N. Stanton Street to the south. (See Figure 6) The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) owns the parcel Initial inquiries by the project team indicated that the Oregon Department of Transportation would be willing to allow improvements to the landscape on this parcel. After making preliminary contacts with the Boise neighborhood, the Albina Youth Opportunity School (A YOS) and the Mississippi Historic District Target Area (Mississippi Target Area), the project team, looking south found that the creation of a neighborhood gateway met the needs of the area. For this reason the Mississippi Target Area, which is involved in numerous neighborhood revitalization projects, was chosen as an appropriate client for the project. Working with the concept of a neighborhood gateway, the project team conducted two public workshops to gather input from the neighborhood regarding the use and design of the site. Representatives from the Oregon Department of Transportation, City of Portland Environmental Services, Albina Youth Opportunity School (A YOS), the Mississippi Target Area, the Portland Development Commission, and neighborhood representatives served on an advisory committee that reviewed design suggestions from the community. This project was conducted under the supervision of Deborah Howe, Tom Sanchez, and Connie Ozawa. Title: Boise Neighborhood Gateway Project Author: Andreades, Debra, Khan, Arif, Hughes, Emily, Konkol, Tony Year: 2001 This project is a plan to transform an under-utilized parcel of public land into a community asset. Through the analysis of construction, funding, site constraints, maintenance and stewardship options, the project team created a design concept and implementation plan for a parcel of land adjacent to the Interstate 5 freeway. The project team solicited input from community residents through a public involvement process and created an advisory committee consisting of stakeholders to provide guidance for the project. The plan documents the process of project initiation and the selection of alternatives. This plan may be used as a reference for enhancing publicly owned parcels in other neighborhoods. The site is an unimproved 1.5-acre parcel abutting a raised portion of I- 5 situated on the west side of N. Mississippi Avenue between N. Monroe Street to the north and N. Stanton Street to the south. (See Figure 6) The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) owns the parcel Initial inquiries by the project team indicated that the Oregon Department of Transportation would be willing to allow improvements to the landscape on this parcel. After making preliminary contacts with the Boise neighborhood, the Albina Youth Opportunity School (A YOS) and the Mississippi Historic District Target Area (Mississippi Target Area), the project team, looking south found that the creation of a neighborhood gateway met the needs of the area. For this reason the Mississippi Target Area, which is involved in numerous neighborhood revitalization projects, was chosen as an appropriate client for the project. Working with the concept of a neighborhood gateway, the project team conducted two public workshops to gather input from the neighborhood regarding the use and design of the site. Representatives from the Oregon Department of Transportation, City of Portland Environmental Services, Albina Youth Opportunity School (A YOS), the Mississippi Target Area, the Portland Development Commission, and neighborhood representatives served on an advisory committee that reviewed design suggestions from the community. This project was conducted under the supervision of Deborah Howe, Tom Sanchez, and Connie Ozawa. Close

• 70. [Article] Impacts of Climate Change and Urban Development on Water Resources in the Tualatin River Basin

  Potential impacts of climate change on the water resources of the Pacific Northwest of the United States include earlier peak runoff, reduced summer flows, and increased winter flooding. An increase in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impacts of Climate Change and Urban Development on Water Resources in the Tualatin River Basin Author: Praskievicz, Sarah Year: 2009 Potential impacts of climate change on the water resources of the Pacific Northwest of the United States include earlier peak runoff, reduced summer flows, and increased winter flooding. An increase in impervious surfaces, accompanied by urban development, is known to decrease infiltration and increase surface runoff. Alterations of flow amount and pathways can alter water quality through dilution or flushing effects. I used the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS) modeling system to investigate the relative importance of future climate change and land use change in determining the quantity and quality of freshwater resources in north western Oregon's Tualatin River Basin. The basin was chosen for this study because it is rapidly urbanizing and representative of other low-elevation basins in the region. BASINS models were calibrated and validated using historic flow and water quality data from 1991 to 2006. The goodness-of-fit for the calibrated hydrology, suspended sediment, and orthophosphate models was high, with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.72 to 0.93 in the calibration period. The calibrated models were run under a range of eight downscaled climate change, two regional land use change, and four combined scenarios. Results included average increases in winter flows of ten percent, decreases in summer flows of thirty-seven percent, and increases in fifth percentile flows of up to eighty percent as a result of climate change in the Tualatin River Basin. For land use change, the results included an increase in annual flows of twenty-one percent for the development-oriented scenario and a decrease of sixteen percent for the conservation-oriented scenario, with amplified changes at the sub-basin scale, including more than doubled winter flow. For combined scenarios of climate change and urban development, there is a projected increase in winter flows of up to seventy-one percent and decrease in summer flows of up to forty-eight percent. Changes in suspended sediment and orthophosphate loading broadly tracked hydrological changes, with winter increases and summer decreases. The results are relevant to regional planners interested in the long-term response of water resources to climate change and land use change at the basin scale. Title: Impacts of Climate Change and Urban Development on Water Resources in the Tualatin River Basin Author: Praskievicz, Sarah Year: 2009 Potential impacts of climate change on the water resources of the Pacific Northwest of the United States include earlier peak runoff, reduced summer flows, and increased winter flooding. An increase in impervious surfaces, accompanied by urban development, is known to decrease infiltration and increase surface runoff. Alterations of flow amount and pathways can alter water quality through dilution or flushing effects. I used the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS) modeling system to investigate the relative importance of future climate change and land use change in determining the quantity and quality of freshwater resources in north western Oregon's Tualatin River Basin. The basin was chosen for this study because it is rapidly urbanizing and representative of other low-elevation basins in the region. BASINS models were calibrated and validated using historic flow and water quality data from 1991 to 2006. The goodness-of-fit for the calibrated hydrology, suspended sediment, and orthophosphate models was high, with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.72 to 0.93 in the calibration period. The calibrated models were run under a range of eight downscaled climate change, two regional land use change, and four combined scenarios. Results included average increases in winter flows of ten percent, decreases in summer flows of thirty-seven percent, and increases in fifth percentile flows of up to eighty percent as a result of climate change in the Tualatin River Basin. For land use change, the results included an increase in annual flows of twenty-one percent for the development-oriented scenario and a decrease of sixteen percent for the conservation-oriented scenario, with amplified changes at the sub-basin scale, including more than doubled winter flow. For combined scenarios of climate change and urban development, there is a projected increase in winter flows of up to seventy-one percent and decrease in summer flows of up to forty-eight percent. Changes in suspended sediment and orthophosphate loading broadly tracked hydrological changes, with winter increases and summer decreases. The results are relevant to regional planners interested in the long-term response of water resources to climate change and land use change at the basin scale. Close

• 71. [Article] Environment, Economy, and Equity: Can We Find a Language for Fairness in Regional Planning?

  Metropolitan Portland is often cited as a model for regional planning and growth management. In the 19905, both academics and the popular press "discovered" the Portland region, connecting our quality ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Environment, Economy, and Equity: Can We Find a Language for Fairness in Regional Planning? Author: Provo, John, Fuglister, Jill Year: 2012 Metropolitan Portland is often cited as a model for regional planning and growth management. In the 19905, both academics and the popular press "discovered" the Portland region, connecting our quality of life--vibrant urban places, natural beauty, and healthy economy--with our unique forms of regional cooperation and land use planning. Metropolitan Portland became the avatar of an emerging New Regionalism, a movement characterized not only by its spatial nature, but also by an interest in holistic solutions integrating a variety of issue areas. One central tenant of this movement is the ability of regional policies to address growing inequities and inefficiencies associated with gaps in regional governance and metropolitan authority in an eta of ever increasing inter and intra metropolitan competition. Home to Metro, the nation's only elected regional government, the Portland region is lauded for protecting the environment through preservation of farmland and open space and for promoting the economy through facilitating the development of vibrant urban centers. However, how does the region define and act on issues of social and economic equity? Title: Environment, Economy, and Equity: Can We Find a Language for Fairness in Regional Planning? Author: Provo, John, Fuglister, Jill Year: 2012 Metropolitan Portland is often cited as a model for regional planning and growth management. In the 19905, both academics and the popular press "discovered" the Portland region, connecting our quality of life--vibrant urban places, natural beauty, and healthy economy--with our unique forms of regional cooperation and land use planning. Metropolitan Portland became the avatar of an emerging New Regionalism, a movement characterized not only by its spatial nature, but also by an interest in holistic solutions integrating a variety of issue areas. One central tenant of this movement is the ability of regional policies to address growing inequities and inefficiencies associated with gaps in regional governance and metropolitan authority in an eta of ever increasing inter and intra metropolitan competition. Home to Metro, the nation's only elected regional government, the Portland region is lauded for protecting the environment through preservation of farmland and open space and for promoting the economy through facilitating the development of vibrant urban centers. However, how does the region define and act on issues of social and economic equity? Close

• 72. [Article] Modeling Location for Cadastral Maps Using an Object-Oriented Computer Language

  The challenge to designers of multipurpose computer-aided land information systems is to capture enough of the "deep structure" of the problem domain to enable a system to answer user questions and requests ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling Location for Cadastral Maps Using an Object-Oriented Computer Language Author: Kjerne, Daniel Year: 1986 The challenge to designers of multipurpose computer-aided land information systems is to capture enough of the "deep structure" of the problem domain to enable a system to answer user questions and requests in a satisfactory way. Criteria defining "satisfactory" in each case must include considerations of accuracy, completeness, timeliness, and cost. These considerations, when applied to the location in space of parcel boundaries and property corners, present unusual difficulties. This is in large measure due to the fact that important elements of the field measurement process, and the determination of location based on what are essentially logical {legal) abstractions, are problematic or impossible to capture, store, and display either in the graphic object (the map) or in computer storage as presently constituted. The problem of representing these· data is approached through the use of an object-oriented computer language which treats each individual cadastral object as storing internally the method, reference object(s), and measurement(s) by which it was located in the field. The concept is tested in an application of Neon™, an object-oriented language implemented on the Macintosh™ computer. Title: Modeling Location for Cadastral Maps Using an Object-Oriented Computer Language Author: Kjerne, Daniel Year: 1986 The challenge to designers of multipurpose computer-aided land information systems is to capture enough of the "deep structure" of the problem domain to enable a system to answer user questions and requests in a satisfactory way. Criteria defining "satisfactory" in each case must include considerations of accuracy, completeness, timeliness, and cost. These considerations, when applied to the location in space of parcel boundaries and property corners, present unusual difficulties. This is in large measure due to the fact that important elements of the field measurement process, and the determination of location based on what are essentially logical {legal) abstractions, are problematic or impossible to capture, store, and display either in the graphic object (the map) or in computer storage as presently constituted. The problem of representing these· data is approached through the use of an object-oriented computer language which treats each individual cadastral object as storing internally the method, reference object(s), and measurement(s) by which it was located in the field. The concept is tested in an application of Neon™, an object-oriented language implemented on the Macintosh™ computer. Close

• 73. [Article] Getting Green to Work in the Northwest Industrial District

  Forest Park and its surrounding watershed experience measurable environmental problems such as urban heat island impacts, increased storm water runoff containing pollutants, fragmentations of habitat connectivity ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Getting Green to Work in the Northwest Industrial District Author: Heisler, Stefan, Ivey, Sara, Kelso, Alexis, Sakuma, Ryu, Dornoff, John, Yee, Dianne Year: 2015 Forest Park and its surrounding watershed experience measurable environmental problems such as urban heat island impacts, increased storm water runoff containing pollutants, fragmentations of habitat connectivity due to their proximities to high-impact land uses, poor air quality, absence of public space, and lack of pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure. Getting Green to Work in the Northwest Industrial District identifies strategies to address environmental issues that affect local human and environmental health in the Northwest Indusrial District, Forest Park and the Willamette River, while benefiting local businesses workers and firms. Getting Green to Work explores voluntary approaches to address local environmental problems with green infrastructure and other place-based remedies. Through engagement with industrial stakeholders and technical advisors we determined where the greatest environmental benefit could be achievable and what opportunities and obstacles exist to implementation. Building on this information, final recommendations outline priorities and strategies for Forest Park Conservancy, City of Portland Bureau of Environmental Services and their advocates to expand green infrastructure on private and public lands in the Northwest Industrial District. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler, Marisa Zapata Title: Getting Green to Work in the Northwest Industrial District Author: Heisler, Stefan, Ivey, Sara, Kelso, Alexis, Sakuma, Ryu, Dornoff, John, Yee, Dianne Year: 2015 Forest Park and its surrounding watershed experience measurable environmental problems such as urban heat island impacts, increased storm water runoff containing pollutants, fragmentations of habitat connectivity due to their proximities to high-impact land uses, poor air quality, absence of public space, and lack of pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure. Getting Green to Work in the Northwest Industrial District identifies strategies to address environmental issues that affect local human and environmental health in the Northwest Indusrial District, Forest Park and the Willamette River, while benefiting local businesses workers and firms. Getting Green to Work explores voluntary approaches to address local environmental problems with green infrastructure and other place-based remedies. Through engagement with industrial stakeholders and technical advisors we determined where the greatest environmental benefit could be achievable and what opportunities and obstacles exist to implementation. Building on this information, final recommendations outline priorities and strategies for Forest Park Conservancy, City of Portland Bureau of Environmental Services and their advocates to expand green infrastructure on private and public lands in the Northwest Industrial District. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler, Marisa Zapata Close

• 74. [Article] Staff Report: In Consideration of Ordinance No. 05-1077 Amending the Regional Framework Plan and the Urban Growth Management Functional Plan Relating to Nature in Neighborhoods

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Staff Report: In Consideration of Ordinance No. 05-1077 Amending the Regional Framework Plan and the Urban Growth Management Functional Plan Relating to Nature in Neighborhoods Author: Cotugno, Andy, Deffebach, Chris Year: 2005 Title: Staff Report: In Consideration of Ordinance No. 05-1077 Amending the Regional Framework Plan and the Urban Growth Management Functional Plan Relating to Nature in Neighborhoods Author: Cotugno, Andy, Deffebach, Chris Year: 2005 Close

• 75. [Article] MetroScope Technical Documentation Manual: An Integrated Transportation and Land Use Model Developed for Forecasting and Policy Analysis in the Portland/Vancouver Metropolitan Area

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: MetroScope Technical Documentation Manual: An Integrated Transportation and Land Use Model Developed for Forecasting and Policy Analysis in the Portland/Vancouver Metropolitan Area Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 2001 Title: MetroScope Technical Documentation Manual: An Integrated Transportation and Land Use Model Developed for Forecasting and Policy Analysis in the Portland/Vancouver Metropolitan Area Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 2001 Close

• 76. [Article] Regional Urban Growth Goals and Objectives

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Regional Urban Growth Goals and Objectives Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1995 Title: Regional Urban Growth Goals and Objectives Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1995 Close

• 77. [Article] Urban Growth Boundary Findings

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban Growth Boundary Findings Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1979 Title: Urban Growth Boundary Findings Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1979 Close

• 78. [Article] Ordinance repealing the Columbia Region Association of Governments Land Use Goals and Objectives and Adopting the Regional Urban Growth Goals and Objectives - Ordinance no. 91-418B

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ordinance repealing the Columbia Region Association of Governments Land Use Goals and Objectives and Adopting the Regional Urban Growth Goals and Objectives - Ordinance no. 91-418B Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1991 Title: Ordinance repealing the Columbia Region Association of Governments Land Use Goals and Objectives and Adopting the Regional Urban Growth Goals and Objectives - Ordinance no. 91-418B Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1991 Close

• 79. [Article] The Nature of 2040: the Region's 50-Year Plan for Managing Growth

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Nature of 2040: the Region's 50-Year Plan for Managing Growth Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1995 Title: The Nature of 2040: the Region's 50-Year Plan for Managing Growth Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1995 Close

• 80. [Article] Concepts for Growth: Report to Council

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Concepts for Growth: Report to Council Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1994 Title: Concepts for Growth: Report to Council Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1994 Close

• 81. [Article] Region 2040 Growth Concept Map with Amendments

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Region 2040 Growth Concept Map with Amendments Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1995 Title: Region 2040 Growth Concept Map with Amendments Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1995 Close

• 82. [Article] Regional Urban Growth Goals and Objectives

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Regional Urban Growth Goals and Objectives Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1991 Title: Regional Urban Growth Goals and Objectives Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1991 Close

• 83. [Article] Community Building Sourcebook: Land Use and Transportation Initiatives in Portland, Oregon

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Community Building Sourcebook: Land Use and Transportation Initiatives in Portland, Oregon Author: Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon Year: 1999 Title: Community Building Sourcebook: Land Use and Transportation Initiatives in Portland, Oregon Author: Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon Year: 1999 Close

• 84. [Article] Under Construction: Building a Livable Future

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Under Construction: Building a Livable Future Author: Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon Year: 1996 Title: Under Construction: Building a Livable Future Author: Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon Year: 1996 Close

• 85. [Article] Request for Qualifications: Region 2040: Transportation and Land Use Concepts: Phase 1

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Request for Qualifications: Region 2040: Transportation and Land Use Concepts: Phase 1 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1991 Title: Request for Qualifications: Region 2040: Transportation and Land Use Concepts: Phase 1 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1991 Close

• 86. [Article] Ten Principles for Achieving Region 2040 Centers

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ten Principles for Achieving Region 2040 Centers Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 2002 Title: Ten Principles for Achieving Region 2040 Centers Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 2002 Close

• 87. [Article] Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 3s1e09

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 3s1e09 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 3s1e09 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 88. [Article] Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1n1w01

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1n1w01 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1n1w01 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 89. [Article] Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 2s2e13a

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 2s2e13a Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 2s2e13a Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 90. [Article] Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 2s1e16 (Update 3)

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 2s1e16 (Update 3) Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 2s1e16 (Update 3) Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 91. [Article] Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 2s2e32db

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 2s2e32db Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 2s2e32db Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 92. [Article] Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1s2w23

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1s2w23 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1s2w23 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 93. [Article] Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 3s1w15

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 3s1w15 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 3s1w15 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 94. [Article] Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1n2w20d

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1n2w20d Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1n2w20d Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 95. [Article] Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1s2e25ba

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1s2e25ba Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1s2e25ba Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 96. [Article] Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1s2e26dd

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1s2e26dd Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1s2e26dd Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 97. [Article] Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 2s2e28cc

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 2s2e28cc Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 2s2e28cc Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 98. [Article] Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 2s3e17

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 2s3e17 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 2s3e17 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 99. [Article] Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1n1w17b (Update 2)

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1n1w17b (Update 2) Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1n1w17b (Update 2) Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 100. [Article] Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1n3w25dd

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1n3w25dd Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Urban Growth Boundary deliniation for (quarter-)section: 1n3w25dd Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close