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• 31. [Article] Green Mind Gray Yard: Micro Scale Assessment of Ecosystem Services

  There is a spatial mismatch between the size of the area where people are living and the extent of land needed to ecologically support developed areas. More people are living in urban areas than any time ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Green Mind Gray Yard: Micro Scale Assessment of Ecosystem Services Author: Kirkpatrick, Erin Jolene Year: 2013 There is a spatial mismatch between the size of the area where people are living and the extent of land needed to ecologically support developed areas. More people are living in urban areas than any time in history, and the resources need to support cities have had to expand to try and meet the demands of increasing urban populations. However, areas of opportunity exist for urban areas to begin to positively contribute towards the available resources in a region. Because a large portion of urban areas is within private control, gaining a baseline understanding of how residents interact with ecosystem services served as basis of this study. Using a survey of residents in the Portland, OR area, correlations between demographic groups and questions regarding their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors as they relate to vegetation proved that the knowledge of environmental relationships is an important first step in creating pro-environmental behavior. Those reporting a high level of knowledge for ecological system and processes were more likely to value the benefits of vegetation for other associated reasons, such as for recreational activities, aesthetic purposes, and air or water quality. Additionally, survey responses were mapped to spatial data to gain an understanding of the spatial characteristics of neighborhoods in the survey area and how they have changed over time. Overall, the results in the study display trends that can help outreach organizations and municipalities to determine plans to strategically engage the public in a way that could create a net gain in urban ecosystem services. Title: Green Mind Gray Yard: Micro Scale Assessment of Ecosystem Services Author: Kirkpatrick, Erin Jolene Year: 2013 There is a spatial mismatch between the size of the area where people are living and the extent of land needed to ecologically support developed areas. More people are living in urban areas than any time in history, and the resources need to support cities have had to expand to try and meet the demands of increasing urban populations. However, areas of opportunity exist for urban areas to begin to positively contribute towards the available resources in a region. Because a large portion of urban areas is within private control, gaining a baseline understanding of how residents interact with ecosystem services served as basis of this study. Using a survey of residents in the Portland, OR area, correlations between demographic groups and questions regarding their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors as they relate to vegetation proved that the knowledge of environmental relationships is an important first step in creating pro-environmental behavior. Those reporting a high level of knowledge for ecological system and processes were more likely to value the benefits of vegetation for other associated reasons, such as for recreational activities, aesthetic purposes, and air or water quality. Additionally, survey responses were mapped to spatial data to gain an understanding of the spatial characteristics of neighborhoods in the survey area and how they have changed over time. Overall, the results in the study display trends that can help outreach organizations and municipalities to determine plans to strategically engage the public in a way that could create a net gain in urban ecosystem services. Close

• 32. [Article] Anti-Displacement Strategies: Nonprofit Organizations in Old Town Chinatown

  Old Town Chinatown is home to over 40 nonprofit organizations (nonprofits), including social service providers and arts, history, and culture groups. These groups contribute immeasurably to the community ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Anti-Displacement Strategies: Nonprofit Organizations in Old Town Chinatown Author: Bajwa, Jenny, Daunt, Joanne, Farrelly, Sean, Overbeek, Serah, Sladek, Jessica Year: 2005 Old Town Chinatown is home to over 40 nonprofit organizations (nonprofits), including social service providers and arts, history, and culture groups. These groups contribute immeasurably to the community through the services and educational opportunities they provide and through their role in the social and economic fabric of the neighborhood. Urban renewal has come to the neighborhood in the form of several large projects that are either currently underway or scheduled to begin in the next several years. While these plans present an opportunity for much needed development in Old Town Chinatown, there is concern among nonprofits that redevelopment and private investment will result in increased rents. Because 62% of nonprofit organizations in Old Town Chinatown do not own their facilities and are highly vulnerable to any rent increases, they could be easily forced out of the neighborhood. The goal of this project was to identify feasible, proactive, long-term strategies for retaining the variety of nonprofit organizations in Old Town Chinatown. This document contains an overview of strategies along with examples of successful models. The authors provide this information as a potential starting point for nonprofit organizations as they begin to contemplate long-term viability in a neighborhood on the cusp of transformation. A crucial first step is to build a coalition of nonprofits to strengthen their position within the community. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler, Deborah Howe, and Connie Ozawa. Title: Anti-Displacement Strategies: Nonprofit Organizations in Old Town Chinatown Author: Bajwa, Jenny, Daunt, Joanne, Farrelly, Sean, Overbeek, Serah, Sladek, Jessica Year: 2005 Old Town Chinatown is home to over 40 nonprofit organizations (nonprofits), including social service providers and arts, history, and culture groups. These groups contribute immeasurably to the community through the services and educational opportunities they provide and through their role in the social and economic fabric of the neighborhood. Urban renewal has come to the neighborhood in the form of several large projects that are either currently underway or scheduled to begin in the next several years. While these plans present an opportunity for much needed development in Old Town Chinatown, there is concern among nonprofits that redevelopment and private investment will result in increased rents. Because 62% of nonprofit organizations in Old Town Chinatown do not own their facilities and are highly vulnerable to any rent increases, they could be easily forced out of the neighborhood. The goal of this project was to identify feasible, proactive, long-term strategies for retaining the variety of nonprofit organizations in Old Town Chinatown. This document contains an overview of strategies along with examples of successful models. The authors provide this information as a potential starting point for nonprofit organizations as they begin to contemplate long-term viability in a neighborhood on the cusp of transformation. A crucial first step is to build a coalition of nonprofits to strengthen their position within the community. This project was conducted under the supervision of Sy Adler, Deborah Howe, and Connie Ozawa. Close

• 33. [Article] Assessing the Potential Contribution of Vacant Land to Urban Vegetable Production and Consumption in Oakland, California

  As urban agriculture grows in popularity, researchers are attempting to quantify its potential contribution to local food systems. We present the results of a vacant land inventory conducted in collaboration ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing the Potential Contribution of Vacant Land to Urban Vegetable Production and Consumption in Oakland, California Author: McClintock, Nathan, Cooper, Jenny, Khandeshi, Snehee Year: 2013 As urban agriculture grows in popularity, researchers are attempting to quantify its potential contribution to local food systems. We present the results of a vacant land inventory conducted in collaboration with the HOPE Collaborative, a multi-stakeholder, community-based initiative in Oakland, CA, USA. Vacant lots, open space, and underutilized parks with agricultural potential were identified using GIS and aerial imagery. Using visual interpretation, we identified 1201 ac (486.4 ha) of public land and 337 ac (136.4 ha) of private land that could potentially be used for vegetable production. Based on USDA loss-adjusted consumption data, we calculated the potential contribution of these sites to the city's current and recommended vegetable needs. Calculations were based on average yields under three different management practices: conventional at 10 tons/ac (22.4 Mg/ha); low-biointensive at 15 tons/ac (33.6 Mg/ha); and medium-biointensive at 25 tons/ac (56.0 Mg/ha). Four different land use scenarios were considered: (1) all identified sites ( Title: Assessing the Potential Contribution of Vacant Land to Urban Vegetable Production and Consumption in Oakland, California Author: McClintock, Nathan, Cooper, Jenny, Khandeshi, Snehee Year: 2013 As urban agriculture grows in popularity, researchers are attempting to quantify its potential contribution to local food systems. We present the results of a vacant land inventory conducted in collaboration with the HOPE Collaborative, a multi-stakeholder, community-based initiative in Oakland, CA, USA. Vacant lots, open space, and underutilized parks with agricultural potential were identified using GIS and aerial imagery. Using visual interpretation, we identified 1201 ac (486.4 ha) of public land and 337 ac (136.4 ha) of private land that could potentially be used for vegetable production. Based on USDA loss-adjusted consumption data, we calculated the potential contribution of these sites to the city's current and recommended vegetable needs. Calculations were based on average yields under three different management practices: conventional at 10 tons/ac (22.4 Mg/ha); low-biointensive at 15 tons/ac (33.6 Mg/ha); and medium-biointensive at 25 tons/ac (56.0 Mg/ha). Four different land use scenarios were considered: (1) all identified sites ( Close

• 34. [Article] The Importance of Housing, Accessibility, and Transport Characteristic Ratings on Stated Neighborhood Preference

  Travel demand models commonly lack the ability to understand how changing residential preferences influence future housing, land use, and transportation policies. As communities struggle to address social ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Importance of Housing, Accessibility, and Transport Characteristic Ratings on Stated Neighborhood Preference Author: Currans, Kristina Marie Year: 2016 Travel demand models commonly lack the ability to understand how changing residential preferences influence future housing, land use, and transportation policies. As communities struggle to address social challenges related to increased economic uncertainty, transportation and land use planning have become increasingly centered on assumptions concerning the market for residential environments and travel choices. In response, an added importance has been placed on the development of toolkits capable of providing robust and flexible models to aid in understanding how differing assumptions contribute to a set of planning scenarios and how future residential location decisions may be made. In this study, we aim to examine the ability for current land use and transportation models to adequately account for the mechanism that drive households to prefer different neighborhoods based on typical transportation modeling methods. In particular, we conduct an original stated preference survey to identify the characteristics and preferences of individuals and households that influence unconstrained residential neighborhood preferences. Our objectives are to (a) determine the key drivers of residential neighborhood preferences, (b) test the contribution of sociodemographic and economic household characteristics commonly used in regional modeling tools to allocate households regionally across neighborhoods (e.g. household size, income, age, tenure), and (c) identify the preference profiles that can improve the sensitivity of our regional and statewide transportation-land use models to residential neighborhood preferences. The presentation for this seminar was done jointly with Steven Gehrke. It can be accessed at http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/18234. Title: The Importance of Housing, Accessibility, and Transport Characteristic Ratings on Stated Neighborhood Preference Author: Currans, Kristina Marie Year: 2016 Travel demand models commonly lack the ability to understand how changing residential preferences influence future housing, land use, and transportation policies. As communities struggle to address social challenges related to increased economic uncertainty, transportation and land use planning have become increasingly centered on assumptions concerning the market for residential environments and travel choices. In response, an added importance has been placed on the development of toolkits capable of providing robust and flexible models to aid in understanding how differing assumptions contribute to a set of planning scenarios and how future residential location decisions may be made. In this study, we aim to examine the ability for current land use and transportation models to adequately account for the mechanism that drive households to prefer different neighborhoods based on typical transportation modeling methods. In particular, we conduct an original stated preference survey to identify the characteristics and preferences of individuals and households that influence unconstrained residential neighborhood preferences. Our objectives are to (a) determine the key drivers of residential neighborhood preferences, (b) test the contribution of sociodemographic and economic household characteristics commonly used in regional modeling tools to allocate households regionally across neighborhoods (e.g. household size, income, age, tenure), and (c) identify the preference profiles that can improve the sensitivity of our regional and statewide transportation-land use models to residential neighborhood preferences. The presentation for this seminar was done jointly with Steven Gehrke. It can be accessed at http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/18234. Close

• 35. [Article] The State of the Portland MSA Housing Market

  On its surface, the rapid increase of home prices in the Portland Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) resembles the overheated moments before the housing bubble burst in 2007. OnPoint Community Credit ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The State of the Portland MSA Housing Market Author: Portland State University. Northwest Economic Research Center Year: 2016 On its surface, the rapid increase of home prices in the Portland Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) resembles the overheated moments before the housing bubble burst in 2007. OnPoint Community Credit Union, concerned that history may already be repeating itself, asked the Northwest Economic Research Center (NERC) to investigate speculation within the Portland housing market, provide a forecast of home prices, and summarize potential market headwinds and tailwinds. To accomplish this, NERC estimates the change in local home prices due to ‘fundamental’ drivers. Using population and income to estimate a fundamental home price index (HPI), this analysis compares the fundamental HPI with the actual level of the Case-Shiller HPI to indicate that home values within the Portland MSA are, within a margin of error, correctly valued. This method indicates that increasing growth in income and migration significantly contributes to rising home prices. This comparison also shows a period of undervaluation following the burst of the last bubble, which helps to explain the price growth of the past few years (the ‘expansion phase’ of the recovery). This analysis uses Error-Correction (EC), General Autoregressive Moving Average (GARMA), and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) models to forecast the inflation-adjusted Case Shiller HPI to the end of the year. The inherent strengths and weaknesses of these models necessitate a discussion of their assumptions and consequent limitations. Encouragingly, each of the models describes the same basic story: that average home sale prices will increase at a decreasing growth rate from June to at least December 2016. Changes to land use and building height restrictions are among the external shocks to home prices not included in the model. Since predicting policy decisions is fraught with risk, real-world awareness of potential political outcomes should accompany all forecasts based on known factors. Due to data limitations, not all of the indicators NERC feels are important to HPI are explicitly included in the models. Instead, these indicators offer supporting evidence. Generally, they describe a tight housing market with high demand (as indicated by income, employment, and migration) and low supply (as indicated by housing permits and inventory levels). This analysis corroborates the model estimations and supports the forecasts. Title: The State of the Portland MSA Housing Market Author: Portland State University. Northwest Economic Research Center Year: 2016 On its surface, the rapid increase of home prices in the Portland Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) resembles the overheated moments before the housing bubble burst in 2007. OnPoint Community Credit Union, concerned that history may already be repeating itself, asked the Northwest Economic Research Center (NERC) to investigate speculation within the Portland housing market, provide a forecast of home prices, and summarize potential market headwinds and tailwinds. To accomplish this, NERC estimates the change in local home prices due to ‘fundamental’ drivers. Using population and income to estimate a fundamental home price index (HPI), this analysis compares the fundamental HPI with the actual level of the Case-Shiller HPI to indicate that home values within the Portland MSA are, within a margin of error, correctly valued. This method indicates that increasing growth in income and migration significantly contributes to rising home prices. This comparison also shows a period of undervaluation following the burst of the last bubble, which helps to explain the price growth of the past few years (the ‘expansion phase’ of the recovery). This analysis uses Error-Correction (EC), General Autoregressive Moving Average (GARMA), and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) models to forecast the inflation-adjusted Case Shiller HPI to the end of the year. The inherent strengths and weaknesses of these models necessitate a discussion of their assumptions and consequent limitations. Encouragingly, each of the models describes the same basic story: that average home sale prices will increase at a decreasing growth rate from June to at least December 2016. Changes to land use and building height restrictions are among the external shocks to home prices not included in the model. Since predicting policy decisions is fraught with risk, real-world awareness of potential political outcomes should accompany all forecasts based on known factors. Due to data limitations, not all of the indicators NERC feels are important to HPI are explicitly included in the models. Instead, these indicators offer supporting evidence. Generally, they describe a tight housing market with high demand (as indicated by income, employment, and migration) and low supply (as indicated by housing permits and inventory levels). This analysis corroborates the model estimations and supports the forecasts. Close

• 36. [Article] Ecology and the Economy, A Concept for Balancing Long-Range Goals, The Pacific Northwest Example

  This report, "Ecology and the Economy, A Concept for Balancing Long-Range Goals, The Pacific Northwest Example, " is a product of three years work by the Urban and Rural Lands Committee of the Pacific ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecology and the Economy, A Concept for Balancing Long-Range Goals, The Pacific Northwest Example Author: Pacific Northwest River Basins Commission. Urban and Rural Lands Committee Year: 1973 This report, "Ecology and the Economy, A Concept for Balancing Long-Range Goals, The Pacific Northwest Example, " is a product of three years work by the Urban and Rural Lands Committee of the Pacific Northwest River Basins Commission. Title: Ecology and the Economy, A Concept for Balancing Long-Range Goals, The Pacific Northwest Example Author: Pacific Northwest River Basins Commission. Urban and Rural Lands Committee Year: 1973 This report, "Ecology and the Economy, A Concept for Balancing Long-Range Goals, The Pacific Northwest Example, " is a product of three years work by the Urban and Rural Lands Committee of the Pacific Northwest River Basins Commission. Close

• 37. [Article] Land Use Framework Map

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1979 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1979 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close

• 38. [Article] No More Freeways: Urban Land Use-Transportation Dynamics without Freeway Capacity Expansion

  Observations of the various limitations of freeway capacity expansion have led to a provocative planning and policy question – What if we completely stop building additional freeway capacity. From a theoretical ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: No More Freeways: Urban Land Use-Transportation Dynamics without Freeway Capacity Expansion Author: Zhang, Lei, Xu, We Year: 2011 Observations of the various limitations of freeway capacity expansion have led to a provocative planning and policy question – What if we completely stop building additional freeway capacity. From a theoretical perspective, as a freeway transportation network matures, there exists a saturation point beyond which any additional freeway capacity would only be counterproductive from a welfare point of view, and worsen the existing urban transportation problems. Traditional benefit/cost analysis of individual freeway capacity expansion projects often ignores long-term induced demand and land use changes and does not represent a systems approach to this important theoretical issue. From a practical perspective, a no-more-freeway policy can relieve transportation funds for other potentially more effective usages, such as improving urban arterial street system, improving transit level of service and coverage, implementing demand management and pricing strategies, and facilitating more efficient land use patterns (e.g. high density in-fill and transit-oriented developments). This research answers the following critical land use-transportation planning questions. Improved knowledge on these issues should benefit planers and decision-makers who pursue mobility and sustainability objectives and have the power to shape future cities. (1). Under what conditions will freeway capacity expansion become counterproductive to urban planning objectives (where is the saturation point)? (2). How will land use and transportation evolve under a “No-More-Freeway” policy? (3). What are the implications of such a policy on congestion, land use efficiency, transportation finance, and social welfare? (4). What is the impact of a less restrictive “No-More-Freeway” policy that only allows private-section freeway investments and relieves public-section freeway investments for other compelling transportation needs. The analysis in this project builds upon a modeling tool, ABSOLUTE, developed by the P.I. in previous research projects. ABSOLUTE is an Agent-Based Simulator Of Land Use-Transportation Evolution, which translates planning policies such as the “No-More- Freeway” policy into alternative urban growth paths and possibly urban growth equilibria (land use and transportation system equilibria). Due to the “Small Start” nature of this OTREC project, the analysis focuses primarily on stylized urban areas, and empirical analysis of the “No-More- Freeway” policy is only conducted for one policy scenario on the Twin Cities, MN, area. Title: No More Freeways: Urban Land Use-Transportation Dynamics without Freeway Capacity Expansion Author: Zhang, Lei, Xu, We Year: 2011 Observations of the various limitations of freeway capacity expansion have led to a provocative planning and policy question – What if we completely stop building additional freeway capacity. From a theoretical perspective, as a freeway transportation network matures, there exists a saturation point beyond which any additional freeway capacity would only be counterproductive from a welfare point of view, and worsen the existing urban transportation problems. Traditional benefit/cost analysis of individual freeway capacity expansion projects often ignores long-term induced demand and land use changes and does not represent a systems approach to this important theoretical issue. From a practical perspective, a no-more-freeway policy can relieve transportation funds for other potentially more effective usages, such as improving urban arterial street system, improving transit level of service and coverage, implementing demand management and pricing strategies, and facilitating more efficient land use patterns (e.g. high density in-fill and transit-oriented developments). This research answers the following critical land use-transportation planning questions. Improved knowledge on these issues should benefit planers and decision-makers who pursue mobility and sustainability objectives and have the power to shape future cities. (1). Under what conditions will freeway capacity expansion become counterproductive to urban planning objectives (where is the saturation point)? (2). How will land use and transportation evolve under a “No-More-Freeway” policy? (3). What are the implications of such a policy on congestion, land use efficiency, transportation finance, and social welfare? (4). What is the impact of a less restrictive “No-More-Freeway” policy that only allows private-section freeway investments and relieves public-section freeway investments for other compelling transportation needs. The analysis in this project builds upon a modeling tool, ABSOLUTE, developed by the P.I. in previous research projects. ABSOLUTE is an Agent-Based Simulator Of Land Use-Transportation Evolution, which translates planning policies such as the “No-More- Freeway” policy into alternative urban growth paths and possibly urban growth equilibria (land use and transportation system equilibria). Due to the “Small Start” nature of this OTREC project, the analysis focuses primarily on stylized urban areas, and empirical analysis of the “No-More- Freeway” policy is only conducted for one policy scenario on the Twin Cities, MN, area. Close

• 39. [Article] CRAG and land use

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: CRAG and land use Author: Bonner, Ernest Year: 1974 Title: CRAG and land use Author: Bonner, Ernest Year: 1974 Close

• 40. [Article] Element I: Land Use Framework Map

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Element I: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Title: Element I: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Close