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• 21. [Article] The Costs of Sprawl: Environmental and Economic Costs of Alternative Residential Development Patterns at the Urban Fringe

  Local government officials devote a large proportion of their time to considering and acting upon development proposals which substantially affect their communities in many ways. While information bearing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Costs of Sprawl: Environmental and Economic Costs of Alternative Residential Development Patterns at the Urban Fringe Author: Real Estate Research Corporation Year: 1974 Local government officials devote a large proportion of their time to considering and acting upon development proposals which substantially affect their communities in many ways. While information bearing on development proposals has been increasingly broader in scope, more specific, and of higher quality, local government officials continue to have considerable difficulty in assessing the relative merits of alternative types of housing, general development patterns, and commercial strip versus center developments. To help compensate for this knowledge deficiency, the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), in cooperation with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), has commissioned the Real Estate Research Corporation (RERC) to undertake a study of the environmental and economic effects of alternative development patterns. The results of that study are presented in two documents, The Costs of Sprawl — Literature Review and Bibliography and The Costs of Sprawl — Detailed Cost Analysis. The literature review and bibliography summarizes the existing knowledge available to local government officials faced with development decision-making, and presents extensive bibliographies pertaining to that knowledge. Title: The Costs of Sprawl: Environmental and Economic Costs of Alternative Residential Development Patterns at the Urban Fringe Author: Real Estate Research Corporation Year: 1974 Local government officials devote a large proportion of their time to considering and acting upon development proposals which substantially affect their communities in many ways. While information bearing on development proposals has been increasingly broader in scope, more specific, and of higher quality, local government officials continue to have considerable difficulty in assessing the relative merits of alternative types of housing, general development patterns, and commercial strip versus center developments. To help compensate for this knowledge deficiency, the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), in cooperation with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), has commissioned the Real Estate Research Corporation (RERC) to undertake a study of the environmental and economic effects of alternative development patterns. The results of that study are presented in two documents, The Costs of Sprawl — Literature Review and Bibliography and The Costs of Sprawl — Detailed Cost Analysis. The literature review and bibliography summarizes the existing knowledge available to local government officials faced with development decision-making, and presents extensive bibliographies pertaining to that knowledge. Close

• 22. [Article] Neighborhood Livability in Northwest Portland: A Case Study of Portland's Northwest District

  Portland's Northwest Neighborhood District ("the District") has a unique character, reflecting its special role in Portland's economic history and its geographical location relative to the downtown area, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Neighborhood Livability in Northwest Portland: A Case Study of Portland's Northwest District Author: Bianco, Martha J., Davis, Judy S., Lovell, Vicky Year: 1994 Portland's Northwest Neighborhood District ("the District") has a unique character, reflecting its special role in Portland's economic history and its geographical location relative to the downtown area, the Willamette River and the West Hills. Current tensions between the District's function as a close-in, high density residential area and its commercial activities are the most recent iteration of tensions that have existed from the time the area was first settled. This study examines the impacts of retail and residential land use in the District and how this mixture of residential/retail affects the residential livability. Title: Neighborhood Livability in Northwest Portland: A Case Study of Portland's Northwest District Author: Bianco, Martha J., Davis, Judy S., Lovell, Vicky Year: 1994 Portland's Northwest Neighborhood District ("the District") has a unique character, reflecting its special role in Portland's economic history and its geographical location relative to the downtown area, the Willamette River and the West Hills. Current tensions between the District's function as a close-in, high density residential area and its commercial activities are the most recent iteration of tensions that have existed from the time the area was first settled. This study examines the impacts of retail and residential land use in the District and how this mixture of residential/retail affects the residential livability. Close

• 23. [Article] Neighborhood Livability in Northwest Portland: A Case Study of Portland's Northwest District Executive Summary

  Portland's Northwest Neighborhood District ("the District") has a unique character, reflecting its special role in Portland's economic history and its geographical location relative to the downtown area, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Neighborhood Livability in Northwest Portland: A Case Study of Portland's Northwest District Executive Summary Author: Bianco, Martha J., Davis, Judy S., Lovell, Vicky Year: 1994 Portland's Northwest Neighborhood District ("the District") has a unique character, reflecting its special role in Portland's economic history and its geographical location relative to the downtown area, the Willamette River and the West Hills. Current tensions between the District's function as a close-in, high density residential area and its commercial activities are the most recent iteration of tensions that have existed from the time the area was first settled. This is an executive summary of the report which examines the impacts of retail and residential land use in the District and how this mixture of residential/retail affects the residential livability. Title: Neighborhood Livability in Northwest Portland: A Case Study of Portland's Northwest District Executive Summary Author: Bianco, Martha J., Davis, Judy S., Lovell, Vicky Year: 1994 Portland's Northwest Neighborhood District ("the District") has a unique character, reflecting its special role in Portland's economic history and its geographical location relative to the downtown area, the Willamette River and the West Hills. Current tensions between the District's function as a close-in, high density residential area and its commercial activities are the most recent iteration of tensions that have existed from the time the area was first settled. This is an executive summary of the report which examines the impacts of retail and residential land use in the District and how this mixture of residential/retail affects the residential livability. Close

• 24. [Article] Land Information System: Strategies for Local Governments in Oregon

  The purpose of this report is to disseminate the findings and recommendations from the deliberations of the Oregon Land Records Committee (OLRC) of the State Map Advisory Council (SMAC). The OLRC consists ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Information System: Strategies for Local Governments in Oregon Author: Oregon. State Map Advisory Council Year: 1989 The purpose of this report is to disseminate the findings and recommendations from the deliberations of the Oregon Land Records Committee (OLRC) of the State Map Advisory Council (SMAC). The OLRC consists of state and local government officials and professionals, and representation from utilities and private sector firms involved in the maintenance and use of land records and geographic information systems (GIS) for the analysis of data about land. These individuals have given freely of their time and experience in furtherance of the mission and goals of the OLRC. This report is directed to professionals and public officials in local government who are concerned with modernizing land records by employing the new technology of GIS. This report identifies promising strategies and lays the foundation for a possible state interest, role and program. The mission of the OLRC has to do with fostering land records modernization in Oregon by promoting the wise procurement and implementation of geographic information systems concepts and technology. Title: Land Information System: Strategies for Local Governments in Oregon Author: Oregon. State Map Advisory Council Year: 1989 The purpose of this report is to disseminate the findings and recommendations from the deliberations of the Oregon Land Records Committee (OLRC) of the State Map Advisory Council (SMAC). The OLRC consists of state and local government officials and professionals, and representation from utilities and private sector firms involved in the maintenance and use of land records and geographic information systems (GIS) for the analysis of data about land. These individuals have given freely of their time and experience in furtherance of the mission and goals of the OLRC. This report is directed to professionals and public officials in local government who are concerned with modernizing land records by employing the new technology of GIS. This report identifies promising strategies and lays the foundation for a possible state interest, role and program. The mission of the OLRC has to do with fostering land records modernization in Oregon by promoting the wise procurement and implementation of geographic information systems concepts and technology. Close

• 25. [Article] Land Use Framework Map

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Columbia Region Association of Governments land use framework element of the CRAG regional plan.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Columbia Region Association of Governments land use framework element of the CRAG regional plan. Title: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1978 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Columbia Region Association of Governments land use framework element of the CRAG regional plan. Close

• 26. [Article] Proposed Land Use Framework Map, Sheet 1

  Detail of Portland area, land use map from comprehensive plan. Columbia Region Association of Government propsed comprehensive plan

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Proposed Land Use Framework Map, Sheet 1 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1976 Detail of Portland area, land use map from comprehensive plan. Columbia Region Association of Government propsed comprehensive plan Title: Proposed Land Use Framework Map, Sheet 1 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1976 Detail of Portland area, land use map from comprehensive plan. Columbia Region Association of Government propsed comprehensive plan Close

• 27. [Article] Proposed Land Use Framework Map, Sheet 2

  Large scale land use map from comprehensive plan

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Proposed Land Use Framework Map, Sheet 2 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1976 Large scale land use map from comprehensive plan Title: Proposed Land Use Framework Map, Sheet 2 Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1976 Large scale land use map from comprehensive plan Close

• 28. [Article] Land Use Framework Map

  A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Columbia Region Association of Governments land use framework element of the CRAG regional plan.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1976 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Columbia Region Association of Governments land use framework element of the CRAG regional plan. Title: Land Use Framework Map Author: Metro (Or.) Year: 1976 A depiction of areas designated urban vs. non-urban in the Portland metropolitan region. Columbia Region Association of Governments land use framework element of the CRAG regional plan. Close

• 29. [Article] Gateway Gardens Site Analysis

  The Gateway Gardens Site Analysis takes a comprehensive look at a largely-vacant land area in Portland’s Gateway District. Currently owned by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT), the 38-acre ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Gateway Gardens Site Analysis Author: Gage, Chris, Renfro, Rory, Sarver, Jessica, Sturtz, Ben, Wolters, Nicole Year: 2006 The Gateway Gardens Site Analysis takes a comprehensive look at a largely-vacant land area in Portland’s Gateway District. Currently owned by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT), the 38-acre site currently serves as right-of-way for surrounding freeways, namely Interstates 84 and 205. The project team developed a sequential process for completing this report. To gain an understanding of the project site, the initial step consisted of identifying key historical events and land uses that formed the site into what it is today. The team then conducted an in-depth existing conditions analysis, covering a wide range of elements including natural and man-made characteristics, current uses and management. This analysis also identifies the project site’s location within the context of other relevant planning efforts. Based on the existing conditions evaluation, the project team developed a series of potential land use elements. The text identifies specific assumptions regarding each element, including land ownership, access provisions, estimated cost and other key variables. The list of uses was developed under the assumption that several elements could potentially co-exist with one another, and that several land use combinations are possible. It should be noted that this report does not present specific recommendations for the project site; rather it is intended to acquaint readers with the site as it exists today, and to identify the feasibility of various land uses. The project’s next step should include a more-detailed evaluation of the potential land use elements along with coordination among relevant agencies and the public to move those uses forward. Title: Gateway Gardens Site Analysis Author: Gage, Chris, Renfro, Rory, Sarver, Jessica, Sturtz, Ben, Wolters, Nicole Year: 2006 The Gateway Gardens Site Analysis takes a comprehensive look at a largely-vacant land area in Portland’s Gateway District. Currently owned by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT), the 38-acre site currently serves as right-of-way for surrounding freeways, namely Interstates 84 and 205. The project team developed a sequential process for completing this report. To gain an understanding of the project site, the initial step consisted of identifying key historical events and land uses that formed the site into what it is today. The team then conducted an in-depth existing conditions analysis, covering a wide range of elements including natural and man-made characteristics, current uses and management. This analysis also identifies the project site’s location within the context of other relevant planning efforts. Based on the existing conditions evaluation, the project team developed a series of potential land use elements. The text identifies specific assumptions regarding each element, including land ownership, access provisions, estimated cost and other key variables. The list of uses was developed under the assumption that several elements could potentially co-exist with one another, and that several land use combinations are possible. It should be noted that this report does not present specific recommendations for the project site; rather it is intended to acquaint readers with the site as it exists today, and to identify the feasibility of various land uses. The project’s next step should include a more-detailed evaluation of the potential land use elements along with coordination among relevant agencies and the public to move those uses forward. Close

• 30. [Article] Contextual Influences on Trip Generation

  There is national interest in building data that expands upon the existing Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) trip generation rates to include sites located in a multi-modal context. Current ITE ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Contextual Influences on Trip Generation Author: Clifton, Kelly J., Currans, Kristina Marie, Muhs, Christopher D. Year: 2012 There is national interest in building data that expands upon the existing Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) trip generation rates to include sites located in a multi-modal context. Current ITE rates represent travel behavior for development in single lots and uses, primarily measured in low-density suburban areas. Despite evidence that a more compact urban form, access to transit and a greater mix of uses generates fewer and shorter vehicle trips, local governments are often compelled to use current ITE trip generation rates to evaluate transportation impacts and calculate transportation system development charges (TSDCs). This is due to: a) the expense of collecting local data, b) lack of alternative sources of information, c) the strong industry bias toward using ITE published rates and d) the absence of a empirically tested methodology for adjusting those rates for development occurring in different land use and transportation contexts. Compounding these challenges, cities in Oregon are required to demonstrate that planning and zoning changes will not degrade the performance of state-owned transportation facilities compared to the levels of service documented in the Regional Transportation Plan under the Oregon Transportation Planning Rule, section -0060, and Oregon Highway Plan, Policy 1.F.6. These requirements can conflict with regional policies in Metro's 2040 Growth Concept that call for development of mixed-use centers and corridors to support jobs and freight reliability, a compact urban form and leverage transportation investments such as high capacity transit. Thus, there are gaps in the understanding about how best to evaluate, mitigate and plan for growth under these conditions. This research proposes to develop multi-modal trip generation rates that better reflect the relationship between land use, transportation and travel demand for specific land use types located in various urban settings. The project aims to collect local data (using multi-modal counts and establishment surveys) on a few specific land uses (deemed most problematic to estimate demand and occurring across the spectrum of urban conditions) to develop trip generation rates that are sensitive to demographic, land use and transportation contexts. These new trip rates will be compared to the ITE rates for the same land use category and a methodology for adjusting the ITE rates will be developed. This adjustment methodology will be validated, using additional data collected in this research. The research will be documented and made available to local partners and disseminated widely to reach out to other communities across the country. The research conducted for this project would account for how the built environment (e.g., both land use and transportation) influences travel behavior (number of trips, trip length, mode choice), and determine trip rates that reflect the entire activity spectrum of different development/place typologies. This is extremely important in determining the impact of different development types on the transportation system to: 1) avoid over-planning the system for the surrounding land uses; (2) suggest strategies and investment priorities to encourage more compact, mixed-use areas with more transportation choices and 3) avoid creating regulatory and/or financial barriers to compact form envisioned by local, regional and statewide plans (i.e. uniform TSDCs can result in lower impact development paying the same rates, and thus subsidizing development with higher impact costs to the transportation system). The documentation of the findings and methodology will be applicable to current and future growth and be transferable to other communities, locally and nationally, beyond the Portland region. Title: Contextual Influences on Trip Generation Author: Clifton, Kelly J., Currans, Kristina Marie, Muhs, Christopher D. Year: 2012 There is national interest in building data that expands upon the existing Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) trip generation rates to include sites located in a multi-modal context. Current ITE rates represent travel behavior for development in single lots and uses, primarily measured in low-density suburban areas. Despite evidence that a more compact urban form, access to transit and a greater mix of uses generates fewer and shorter vehicle trips, local governments are often compelled to use current ITE trip generation rates to evaluate transportation impacts and calculate transportation system development charges (TSDCs). This is due to: a) the expense of collecting local data, b) lack of alternative sources of information, c) the strong industry bias toward using ITE published rates and d) the absence of a empirically tested methodology for adjusting those rates for development occurring in different land use and transportation contexts. Compounding these challenges, cities in Oregon are required to demonstrate that planning and zoning changes will not degrade the performance of state-owned transportation facilities compared to the levels of service documented in the Regional Transportation Plan under the Oregon Transportation Planning Rule, section -0060, and Oregon Highway Plan, Policy 1.F.6. These requirements can conflict with regional policies in Metro's 2040 Growth Concept that call for development of mixed-use centers and corridors to support jobs and freight reliability, a compact urban form and leverage transportation investments such as high capacity transit. Thus, there are gaps in the understanding about how best to evaluate, mitigate and plan for growth under these conditions. This research proposes to develop multi-modal trip generation rates that better reflect the relationship between land use, transportation and travel demand for specific land use types located in various urban settings. The project aims to collect local data (using multi-modal counts and establishment surveys) on a few specific land uses (deemed most problematic to estimate demand and occurring across the spectrum of urban conditions) to develop trip generation rates that are sensitive to demographic, land use and transportation contexts. These new trip rates will be compared to the ITE rates for the same land use category and a methodology for adjusting the ITE rates will be developed. This adjustment methodology will be validated, using additional data collected in this research. The research will be documented and made available to local partners and disseminated widely to reach out to other communities across the country. The research conducted for this project would account for how the built environment (e.g., both land use and transportation) influences travel behavior (number of trips, trip length, mode choice), and determine trip rates that reflect the entire activity spectrum of different development/place typologies. This is extremely important in determining the impact of different development types on the transportation system to: 1) avoid over-planning the system for the surrounding land uses; (2) suggest strategies and investment priorities to encourage more compact, mixed-use areas with more transportation choices and 3) avoid creating regulatory and/or financial barriers to compact form envisioned by local, regional and statewide plans (i.e. uniform TSDCs can result in lower impact development paying the same rates, and thus subsidizing development with higher impact costs to the transportation system). The documentation of the findings and methodology will be applicable to current and future growth and be transferable to other communities, locally and nationally, beyond the Portland region. Close