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• 1. [Article] Comparative effects of precommercial thinning, urea fertilizer, and red alder in a site 11, coast Douglas-fir plantation

  The authors varied the number of red alder retained with 300 Douglas-fir per acre on a high-quality site in coastal Oregon. Alder densities of 0, 20, 40, and 80 per acre were tested. The authors' fifth ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Comparative effects of precommercial thinning, urea fertilizer, and red alder in a site 11, coast Douglas-fir plantation Author: Obermeyer, Edmund L., Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), Anderson, Harry William, Miller, Richard E. The authors varied the number of red alder retained with 300 Douglas-fir per acre on a high-quality site in coastal Oregon. Alder densities of 0, 20, 40, and 80 per acre were tested. The authors' fifth treatment eliminated nitrogen-fixing alder, but substantial nitrogen fertilizer. Treatment 6 had neither thinning nor alder control. Treatments were randomly assigned within each of three blocks in a 9-year-old plantation. Stand density was reduced within 15 of these 18 experimental units. Surplus conifers were cut, but surplus red alder were controlled by the 'hack-and-squirt' method. Because numerous trees of other species regenerated naturally, combined density of all species before thinning ranged from 1,400 to 5,700 trees per acre. Subsequent 17-year change in number, average height, basal area, and volume of Douglas-fir were compared. Retaining 20, 40, or 80 alder per acre reduced numbers of associated Douglas-fir by about 10, 17, and 23 percent, respectively. In pur Douglas-fir plots, gross volume growth was similar for nonfertilized and fertilized plots, indicating no measureable benefits of additional nitrogen. in mixed stands, red alder reduced yield of associated Douglas-fir, but not yield of combined species. Similar comparisons are needed at other locations, especially those with known nitrogen deficiency. Title: Comparative effects of precommercial thinning, urea fertilizer, and red alder in a site 11, coast Douglas-fir plantation Author: Obermeyer, Edmund L., Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), Anderson, Harry William, Miller, Richard E. The authors varied the number of red alder retained with 300 Douglas-fir per acre on a high-quality site in coastal Oregon. Alder densities of 0, 20, 40, and 80 per acre were tested. The authors' fifth treatment eliminated nitrogen-fixing alder, but substantial nitrogen fertilizer. Treatment 6 had neither thinning nor alder control. Treatments were randomly assigned within each of three blocks in a 9-year-old plantation. Stand density was reduced within 15 of these 18 experimental units. Surplus conifers were cut, but surplus red alder were controlled by the 'hack-and-squirt' method. Because numerous trees of other species regenerated naturally, combined density of all species before thinning ranged from 1,400 to 5,700 trees per acre. Subsequent 17-year change in number, average height, basal area, and volume of Douglas-fir were compared. Retaining 20, 40, or 80 alder per acre reduced numbers of associated Douglas-fir by about 10, 17, and 23 percent, respectively. In pur Douglas-fir plots, gross volume growth was similar for nonfertilized and fertilized plots, indicating no measureable benefits of additional nitrogen. in mixed stands, red alder reduced yield of associated Douglas-fir, but not yield of combined species. Similar comparisons are needed at other locations, especially those with known nitrogen deficiency. Close

• 2. [Article] Watershed restoration, jobs-in-the-woods, and community assistance : Redwood National Park and the Northwest Forest Plan

  There are many parallels between the 1978 legislation to expand Redwood National Park and the Northwest Forest Plan, which together with the Northwest Economic Adjustment Initiative formed the 1993 Pacific ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Watershed restoration, jobs-in-the-woods, and community assistance : Redwood National Park and the Northwest Forest Plan Author: DeForest, Christopher E., Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.) There are many parallels between the 1978 legislation to expand Redwood National Park and the Northwest Forest Plan, which together with the Northwest Economic Adjustment Initiative formed the 1993 Pacific Northwest Initiative. In both situations, the Federal Government sought to promote retraining for displaced workers, to undertake watershed assessment and restoration work, and to assist communities with economic planning, grants, and transitions. Both of these efforts point out the inherent conflicts between the economic and ecological objectives of watershed restoration. No one wants to have to choose between reducing sediment an reducing unemployment in coastal forests. Title: Watershed restoration, jobs-in-the-woods, and community assistance : Redwood National Park and the Northwest Forest Plan Author: DeForest, Christopher E., Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.) There are many parallels between the 1978 legislation to expand Redwood National Park and the Northwest Forest Plan, which together with the Northwest Economic Adjustment Initiative formed the 1993 Pacific Northwest Initiative. In both situations, the Federal Government sought to promote retraining for displaced workers, to undertake watershed assessment and restoration work, and to assist communities with economic planning, grants, and transitions. Both of these efforts point out the inherent conflicts between the economic and ecological objectives of watershed restoration. No one wants to have to choose between reducing sediment an reducing unemployment in coastal forests. Close

• 3. [Article] Softwood lumber prices for evaluation of small-diameter timber stands in the Intermountain West

  This paper reports prices for aggregations of lumber grades that are representative of the quality and volume of lumber produced from small-diameter timber stands in the Intermountain West area encompassing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Softwood lumber prices for evaluation of small-diameter timber stands in the Intermountain West Author: Barbour, R. James, Fight, Roger D., Chmelik, John T., Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.) This paper reports prices for aggregations of lumber grades that are representative of the quality and volume of lumber produced from small-diameter timber stands in the Intermountain West area encompassing Idaho and Montana and land east of the Cascade Mountain range in Oregon and Washington. Price data are reported for Douglas Fir-Larch, Hem-Fir, ponderosa pine, and lodgepole pine. Forest managers can use the grade aggregates in conjunction with the Financial Evaluation of Ecosystem Management Activities (FEEMA) software to evaluate silvicultural treatment for small-diamter timber stands. Title: Softwood lumber prices for evaluation of small-diameter timber stands in the Intermountain West Author: Barbour, R. James, Fight, Roger D., Chmelik, John T., Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.) This paper reports prices for aggregations of lumber grades that are representative of the quality and volume of lumber produced from small-diameter timber stands in the Intermountain West area encompassing Idaho and Montana and land east of the Cascade Mountain range in Oregon and Washington. Price data are reported for Douglas Fir-Larch, Hem-Fir, ponderosa pine, and lodgepole pine. Forest managers can use the grade aggregates in conjunction with the Financial Evaluation of Ecosystem Management Activities (FEEMA) software to evaluate silvicultural treatment for small-diamter timber stands. Close

• 4. [Article] Management experiments for high-elevation agroforestry systems jointly producing matsutake mushrooms and high-quality timber in the Cascade Range of southern Oregon

  Experimental prescriptions compare agroforestry systems designed to increase financial returns from high-elevation stands in the southern Oregon Cascade Range. The prescriptions emphasize alternative approaches ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Management experiments for high-elevation agroforestry systems jointly producing matsutake mushrooms and high-quality timber in the Cascade Range of southern Oregon Author: Weigand, James F. Experimental prescriptions compare agroforestry systems designed to increase financial returns from high-elevation stands in the southern Oregon Cascade Range. The prescriptions emphasize alternative approaches for joint production of North American matsutake mushrooms (also known as North American pine mushrooms; Tricholoma magnivelare) and high-quality timber. Other agroforestry byproducts from the system are ornamental conifer boughs, pine cones, and Christmas trees. Management practices concentrate on increasing the physiological efficiency and vigor of trees, and on altering leaf area index, tree species composition, and stand age-class structure to increase matsutake reproduction. Programs of thinning and branch pruning test regulating flows of energy and moisture to mushroom mycelia in the upper soil. Experimental prescriptions incorporate monitoring to evaluate ecosystem responses to management and to accelerate adaptive learning. Title: Management experiments for high-elevation agroforestry systems jointly producing matsutake mushrooms and high-quality timber in the Cascade Range of southern Oregon Author: Weigand, James F. Experimental prescriptions compare agroforestry systems designed to increase financial returns from high-elevation stands in the southern Oregon Cascade Range. The prescriptions emphasize alternative approaches for joint production of North American matsutake mushrooms (also known as North American pine mushrooms; Tricholoma magnivelare) and high-quality timber. Other agroforestry byproducts from the system are ornamental conifer boughs, pine cones, and Christmas trees. Management practices concentrate on increasing the physiological efficiency and vigor of trees, and on altering leaf area index, tree species composition, and stand age-class structure to increase matsutake reproduction. Programs of thinning and branch pruning test regulating flows of energy and moisture to mushroom mycelia in the upper soil. Experimental prescriptions incorporate monitoring to evaluate ecosystem responses to management and to accelerate adaptive learning. Close

• 5. [Article] Year 2000 Timber Sales - Confederated Tribes on Grand Ronde : Biological Opinion

  The Natural Resources Division (NRD) of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde (CTGR), in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), proposes the regeneration harvest and commercial thinning ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Year 2000 Timber Sales - Confederated Tribes on Grand Ronde : Biological Opinion The Natural Resources Division (NRD) of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde (CTGR), in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), proposes the regeneration harvest and commercial thinning of four timber sales on the Reservation of The Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde (CTGR). The CTGR has a 20-year management agreement with the BIA. For the purposes of this consultation the BIA is the action agency. The proposed timber harvest units are in the South Yamhill River subbasin, which supports two species listed by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) as threatened under the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). Upper Willamette River (UWR) chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were listed as threatened under the ESA on May 24, 1999. Upper Willamette River (UWR) steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were listed as threatened under the ESA on March 25, 1999. Critical habitat for both of these species was designated on February 16, 2000 (effective on March 17, 2000). According to the BA, UWR chinook do not currently reside in the action area and there is no recorded data indicating they were present historically. The nearest known occurrence of UWR chinook is near the confluence of Salt creek and the South Yamhill River, over 40 stream miles from the Reservation. Juvenile UWR steelhead reside within the action area and are known to occur in streams on the reservation. Based on the presence of juveniles, CTGR staff suspect that adult UWR steelhead spawn in streams on the Reservation, although little spawning survey work has been done. Title: Year 2000 Timber Sales - Confederated Tribes on Grand Ronde : Biological Opinion The Natural Resources Division (NRD) of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde (CTGR), in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), proposes the regeneration harvest and commercial thinning of four timber sales on the Reservation of The Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde (CTGR). The CTGR has a 20-year management agreement with the BIA. For the purposes of this consultation the BIA is the action agency. The proposed timber harvest units are in the South Yamhill River subbasin, which supports two species listed by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) as threatened under the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). Upper Willamette River (UWR) chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were listed as threatened under the ESA on May 24, 1999. Upper Willamette River (UWR) steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were listed as threatened under the ESA on March 25, 1999. Critical habitat for both of these species was designated on February 16, 2000 (effective on March 17, 2000). According to the BA, UWR chinook do not currently reside in the action area and there is no recorded data indicating they were present historically. The nearest known occurrence of UWR chinook is near the confluence of Salt creek and the South Yamhill River, over 40 stream miles from the Reservation. Juvenile UWR steelhead reside within the action area and are known to occur in streams on the reservation. Based on the presence of juveniles, CTGR staff suspect that adult UWR steelhead spawn in streams on the Reservation, although little spawning survey work has been done. Close

• 6. [Article] Reducing stand densities in immature and mature stands, Applegate Watershed, Southwest Oregon

  In the study the authors examined conditions following density management treatments in two adjacent but dissimilar stands in Applegate Watershed, Oregon. An immature stand received a unique density reduction ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Reducing stand densities in immature and mature stands, Applegate Watershed, Southwest Oregon Author: Amaranthus, Michael P., Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), Main, Marty L. In the study the authors examined conditions following density management treatments in two adjacent but dissimilar stands in Applegate Watershed, Oregon. An immature stand received a unique density reduction treatment retaining both hardwoods and conifers to encourage long-term survival and growth of its coniferous component. The mature stand density reduction treatment focused on removal of the competitive influence from overstocked, surpressed understory trees and maintaining existing large-diameter conifers. Precommercial thinning greatly reduced stand density and increased quadratic mean diameters in the immature stand. In the immature stand the combination of commercial and precommercial thinnings produced a reduced stand density designed to improve overall stand vigor. Title: Reducing stand densities in immature and mature stands, Applegate Watershed, Southwest Oregon Author: Amaranthus, Michael P., Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), Main, Marty L. In the study the authors examined conditions following density management treatments in two adjacent but dissimilar stands in Applegate Watershed, Oregon. An immature stand received a unique density reduction treatment retaining both hardwoods and conifers to encourage long-term survival and growth of its coniferous component. The mature stand density reduction treatment focused on removal of the competitive influence from overstocked, surpressed understory trees and maintaining existing large-diameter conifers. Precommercial thinning greatly reduced stand density and increased quadratic mean diameters in the immature stand. In the immature stand the combination of commercial and precommercial thinnings produced a reduced stand density designed to improve overall stand vigor. Close

• 7. [Article] High-use destinations in wilderness :|bsocial and biophysical impacts, visitor responses, and management options

  Six high-use destination areas were studied in the Alpine Lakes, Mount Jefferson, and Three Sisters Wildernesses in Washington and Oregon. Exit interviews were conducted with visitors, and recreation impacts ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: High-use destinations in wilderness :|bsocial and biophysical impacts, visitor responses, and management options Author: Rocky Mountain Research Station (Ogden, Utah), Cole, David N., Hall, Troy E., Watson, Alan E., Spildie, David R. Six high-use destination areas were studied in the Alpine Lakes, Mount Jefferson, and Three Sisters Wildernesses in Washington and Oregon. Exit interviews were conducted with visitors, and recreation impacts and visitor encounter rates between groups were quantified. Encounter rates were extremely high and impacts were substantial but localized. Visitors were more concerned about high impact levels than high encounter rates. Management implications are explored. Title: High-use destinations in wilderness :|bsocial and biophysical impacts, visitor responses, and management options Author: Rocky Mountain Research Station (Ogden, Utah), Cole, David N., Hall, Troy E., Watson, Alan E., Spildie, David R. Six high-use destination areas were studied in the Alpine Lakes, Mount Jefferson, and Three Sisters Wildernesses in Washington and Oregon. Exit interviews were conducted with visitors, and recreation impacts and visitor encounter rates between groups were quantified. Encounter rates were extremely high and impacts were substantial but localized. Visitors were more concerned about high impact levels than high encounter rates. Management implications are explored. Close

• 8. [Article] Reduction in growth of pole-sized Ponderosa pine related to a Pandora moth outbreak in central Oregon

  A pandora moth (Coloradia pandora Blake) outbreak began in 1991 in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws) spacing study area that also included scattered sugar pine (P. lambertiana Dougl). ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Reduction in growth of pole-sized Ponderosa pine related to a Pandora moth outbreak in central Oregon Author: Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), Cochran, P.H. A pandora moth (Coloradia pandora Blake) outbreak began in 1991 in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws) spacing study area that also included scattered sugar pine (P. lambertiana Dougl). The relation of defoliation to five tree spacings (with and without understory vegetation) was examined, and stand growth reduction due to defoliation was estimated. Defoliation generally increased as spacing varied from 2 to 5.7 meters and then decreased as spacing increased to 8 meters. Partial defoliation in 1992 reduced stand volume growth, while partial defoliation in 1994 reduced height growth during 1990-94. Basal area growth of nonefoliated sugar pine and partially defoliated ponderosa pine trees outside the outbreak area. Ratios of annual basal area increments for nondefoliated trees to annual increments of partially defoliated ponderosa pine sharply increased after the outbreak. Basal area annual increments of sample trees were reduced by 25 prcent in the first growing season after defoliation (1992), 30 percent the second year after defoliation (1993), and 63 percent after the second defoliation (1994). Title: Reduction in growth of pole-sized Ponderosa pine related to a Pandora moth outbreak in central Oregon Author: Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), Cochran, P.H. A pandora moth (Coloradia pandora Blake) outbreak began in 1991 in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws) spacing study area that also included scattered sugar pine (P. lambertiana Dougl). The relation of defoliation to five tree spacings (with and without understory vegetation) was examined, and stand growth reduction due to defoliation was estimated. Defoliation generally increased as spacing varied from 2 to 5.7 meters and then decreased as spacing increased to 8 meters. Partial defoliation in 1992 reduced stand volume growth, while partial defoliation in 1994 reduced height growth during 1990-94. Basal area growth of nonefoliated sugar pine and partially defoliated ponderosa pine trees outside the outbreak area. Ratios of annual basal area increments for nondefoliated trees to annual increments of partially defoliated ponderosa pine sharply increased after the outbreak. Basal area annual increments of sample trees were reduced by 25 prcent in the first growing season after defoliation (1992), 30 percent the second year after defoliation (1993), and 63 percent after the second defoliation (1994). Close

• 9. [Article] Environmental effects of postfire logging: literature review and annotated bibliography

  The scientific literature on logging after wildfire is reviewed, with a focus on environmental effects of logging and removal of large woody structure. Rehabilitation, the practice of planting or seeding ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Environmental effects of postfire logging: literature review and annotated bibliography Author: Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), Starr, Lynn, McIver, James D. The scientific literature on logging after wildfire is reviewed, with a focus on environmental effects of logging and removal of large woody structure. Rehabilitation, the practice of planting or seeding after logging, is not reviewed here. Several publications are cited that can be described as 'commentaries', intended to help frame the public debate. The authors review 21 postfire logging studies and interpret them in the context of how wildfire itself affects stands and watersheds. Results of this review are summarized in 16 major conclusions at the end of the text, most of which are based on results of no more than a handful of studies. The review is followed by an annotated bibliography and an index. Copies of all papers reviewed here are held by the Blue Mountains Natural Resource Institute, at the Forestry and Range Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest Research Station, La Grande, Oregon. Title: Environmental effects of postfire logging: literature review and annotated bibliography Author: Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), Starr, Lynn, McIver, James D. The scientific literature on logging after wildfire is reviewed, with a focus on environmental effects of logging and removal of large woody structure. Rehabilitation, the practice of planting or seeding after logging, is not reviewed here. Several publications are cited that can be described as 'commentaries', intended to help frame the public debate. The authors review 21 postfire logging studies and interpret them in the context of how wildfire itself affects stands and watersheds. Results of this review are summarized in 16 major conclusions at the end of the text, most of which are based on results of no more than a handful of studies. The review is followed by an annotated bibliography and an index. Copies of all papers reviewed here are held by the Blue Mountains Natural Resource Institute, at the Forestry and Range Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest Research Station, La Grande, Oregon. Close

• 10. [Article] Monitoring for Ozone Injury in West Coast (Oregon, Washington, California) Forests in 1998

  In 1998, forest vegetation was monitored for ozone injury on permanent plots in two Sierra Nevada national forests in California, at three locations in Mount Rainier National Park in Washington, and at ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Monitoring for Ozone Injury in West Coast (Oregon, Washington, California) Forests in 1998 Author: Rochefort, Regina, Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), Andersen, Chris, Smith, Gretchen, Temple, Pat, Campbell, Sally J., Pronos, John In 1998, forest vegetation was monitored for ozone injury on permanent plots in two Sierra Nevada national forests in California, at three locations in Mount Rainier National Park in Washington, and at 68 forest health monitoring (FHM) locations throughout Washington, Oregon, and California. This was the first year that extensive monitoring of forest vegetation for ozone injury was carried out in Oregon, and Washington. Injury was detected on ponderosa and Jeffrey pine in the Sierra Nevada permanent plots and on red elderberry at one FHM location in southwest Washington. No injury was detected at the Mount Rainier sites. The authors also report on results of a trial where red alder, huckleberry, blue elderberry, and chokecherry were exposed to ozone under controlled conditions. Title: Monitoring for Ozone Injury in West Coast (Oregon, Washington, California) Forests in 1998 Author: Rochefort, Regina, Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), Andersen, Chris, Smith, Gretchen, Temple, Pat, Campbell, Sally J., Pronos, John In 1998, forest vegetation was monitored for ozone injury on permanent plots in two Sierra Nevada national forests in California, at three locations in Mount Rainier National Park in Washington, and at 68 forest health monitoring (FHM) locations throughout Washington, Oregon, and California. This was the first year that extensive monitoring of forest vegetation for ozone injury was carried out in Oregon, and Washington. Injury was detected on ponderosa and Jeffrey pine in the Sierra Nevada permanent plots and on red elderberry at one FHM location in southwest Washington. No injury was detected at the Mount Rainier sites. The authors also report on results of a trial where red alder, huckleberry, blue elderberry, and chokecherry were exposed to ozone under controlled conditions. Close