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• 1. [Article] Variation of Surface Air Temperature in Complex Terrain

  Data from three micronetworks with eddy correlation data and three additional micronetworks without eddy correlation data are analyzed to study the spatial variability of surface air temperature in complex ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Variation of Surface Air Temperature in Complex Terrain Author: Mahrt, L. Data from three micronetworks with eddy correlation data and three additional micronetworks without eddy correlation data are analyzed to study the spatial variability of surface air temperature in complex terrain. A simple similarity relationship is constructed to relate the spatial variation of air temperature along the slope to the thermal forcing and mixing. Mixing is not included in present empirical formulations of the surface air temperature distribution in complex terrain. The development of surface temperature gradients along the slope, resulting from surface heating or cooling, is bounded by a maximum (or saturated) value, where a further increase of temperature gradients is restricted by redistribution of heat by thermally driven slope circulations. Although much of the spatial variation of the surface air temperature is governed by complex three-dimensionality and surface vegetation, a relatively simple relationship is able to account for much of the diurnal and day-to-day variation of the spatial distribution of air temperature. This relationship requires information on the surface heat flux and friction velocity over a reference surface. Required generalizations of the relationship are outlined before it can be applied to an arbitrary site. Title: Variation of Surface Air Temperature in Complex Terrain Author: Mahrt, L. Data from three micronetworks with eddy correlation data and three additional micronetworks without eddy correlation data are analyzed to study the spatial variability of surface air temperature in complex terrain. A simple similarity relationship is constructed to relate the spatial variation of air temperature along the slope to the thermal forcing and mixing. Mixing is not included in present empirical formulations of the surface air temperature distribution in complex terrain. The development of surface temperature gradients along the slope, resulting from surface heating or cooling, is bounded by a maximum (or saturated) value, where a further increase of temperature gradients is restricted by redistribution of heat by thermally driven slope circulations. Although much of the spatial variation of the surface air temperature is governed by complex three-dimensionality and surface vegetation, a relatively simple relationship is able to account for much of the diurnal and day-to-day variation of the spatial distribution of air temperature. This relationship requires information on the surface heat flux and friction velocity over a reference surface. Required generalizations of the relationship are outlined before it can be applied to an arbitrary site. Close

• 2. [Article] Distributed fiber-optic temperature sensing for hydrologic systems

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Distributed fiber-optic temperature sensing for hydrologic systems Author: van de Giesen, Nick, Stejskal, Martin, Westhoff, Martijn, Huwald, Hendrik, Mallet, Alfred, Luxemburg, Wim, Zeman, Josef, Parlange, Marc B., Thevenaz, Luc, Selker, John S. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/. Title: Distributed fiber-optic temperature sensing for hydrologic systems Author: van de Giesen, Nick, Stejskal, Martin, Westhoff, Martijn, Huwald, Hendrik, Mallet, Alfred, Luxemburg, Wim, Zeman, Josef, Parlange, Marc B., Thevenaz, Luc, Selker, John S. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://www.agu.org/. Close

• 3. [Article] Microchannel steam-methane reforming under constant and variable surface temperature distributions

  Steam-methane reforming is a well understood industrial process used for generating hydrogen and synthesis gas. The reaction is generally carried out with residence times on the order of one second. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Microchannel steam-methane reforming under constant and variable surface temperature distributions Author: Eilers, Benn J. Steam-methane reforming is a well understood industrial process used for generating hydrogen and synthesis gas. The reaction is generally carried out with residence times on the order of one second. By performing this reaction at microscales it is possible to take advantage of increased heat transfer rates and low diffusion times allowing equipment size and residence times to be decreased by an order of magnitude. The energy required for the steam-methane reforming reaction could be supplied by solar energy through the use of a solar collector/receiver, thus providing a "cleaner" pathway for hydrogen generation. In such reactors, it is expected that the heat flux and temperature distribution is non-uniform. This study presents a first step in characterizing reforming performance under such variable temperature conditions. The design of the channel was such that the non-uniform heat flux profile expected inside of a solar receiver could be simulated by a controllable temperature profile along the reactor surface. Experiments were conducted over four catalyst configurations and the effects of average reactor temperature, temperature distribution, residence time, steam-methane ratio, and long duration testing were all evaluated. Results demonstrated over 60% conversion of methane at 900°C and a residence time of 26 milliseconds. Methane conversion was found to be strongly dependent on reactor temperature. Ramping temperature distributions demonstrated a 46% greater hydrogen output than isothermal reactions performed at the same average temperature. This work was performed in conjunction with development of a CFD model of reacting flow through a microchannel [1]. The experiments were used to determine the pre-exponential constants of the global reaction rates. Title: Microchannel steam-methane reforming under constant and variable surface temperature distributions Author: Eilers, Benn J. Steam-methane reforming is a well understood industrial process used for generating hydrogen and synthesis gas. The reaction is generally carried out with residence times on the order of one second. By performing this reaction at microscales it is possible to take advantage of increased heat transfer rates and low diffusion times allowing equipment size and residence times to be decreased by an order of magnitude. The energy required for the steam-methane reforming reaction could be supplied by solar energy through the use of a solar collector/receiver, thus providing a "cleaner" pathway for hydrogen generation. In such reactors, it is expected that the heat flux and temperature distribution is non-uniform. This study presents a first step in characterizing reforming performance under such variable temperature conditions. The design of the channel was such that the non-uniform heat flux profile expected inside of a solar receiver could be simulated by a controllable temperature profile along the reactor surface. Experiments were conducted over four catalyst configurations and the effects of average reactor temperature, temperature distribution, residence time, steam-methane ratio, and long duration testing were all evaluated. Results demonstrated over 60% conversion of methane at 900°C and a residence time of 26 milliseconds. Methane conversion was found to be strongly dependent on reactor temperature. Ramping temperature distributions demonstrated a 46% greater hydrogen output than isothermal reactions performed at the same average temperature. This work was performed in conjunction with development of a CFD model of reacting flow through a microchannel [1]. The experiments were used to determine the pre-exponential constants of the global reaction rates. Close

• 4. [Article] Temperature Effects on the Development of Cheddar Cheese Flavor and Aroma

  Originally published in Journal of Dairy Science: http://journalofdairyscience.org/

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Temperature Effects on the Development of Cheddar Cheese Flavor and Aroma Author: Grazier, C. L., Torres, J. A., McDaniel, M. R., Bodyfelt, F. W. Originally published in Journal of Dairy Science: http://journalofdairyscience.org/ Title: Temperature Effects on the Development of Cheddar Cheese Flavor and Aroma Author: Grazier, C. L., Torres, J. A., McDaniel, M. R., Bodyfelt, F. W. Originally published in Journal of Dairy Science: http://journalofdairyscience.org/ Close

• 5. [Article] Above- and Belowground Microclimate of Grow Tubes in an Organic Mulch-incorporated, Raised Bed System for Blueberry

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by the Institute for ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Above- and Belowground Microclimate of Grow Tubes in an Organic Mulch-incorporated, Raised Bed System for Blueberry Author: Strik, Bernadine C., Tarara, Julie M., Chaves, Bernardo To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by the Institute for Scientific Information and published by the American Society for Horticultural Science. It can be found at: http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/. Title: Above- and Belowground Microclimate of Grow Tubes in an Organic Mulch-incorporated, Raised Bed System for Blueberry Author: Strik, Bernadine C., Tarara, Julie M., Chaves, Bernardo To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by the Institute for Scientific Information and published by the American Society for Horticultural Science. It can be found at: http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/. Close

• 6. [Article] Combined Effects of Intensive Forest Management and Microclimate on Reproduction in a Cavity-Nesting Songbird

  Future scenarios of global climate change rely on large-scale climate envelope models that do not account for local climatic conditions to which organisms most closely respond. Shifts in species distributions ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Combined Effects of Intensive Forest Management and Microclimate on Reproduction in a Cavity-Nesting Songbird Author: Jones, Kristin N. Future scenarios of global climate change rely on large-scale climate envelope models that do not account for local climatic conditions to which organisms most closely respond. Shifts in species distributions and phenology driven by climate change are well-documented, yet we lack a strong understanding of how climate change will influence the demographic rates of animal populations, which directly determine the likelihood of species persistence. Land cover change, an agent of global change that is increasing in extent and intensity to meet the needs of a growing human population, can combine with climate change to stress animal populations by altering microclimatic conditions, as well as changing the availability of resources such as food and cover from predators. Thus, identifying the individual and combined effects of climate and land management practices is essential to accurately predict the responses of animal populations to global change. Intensive forest management results in land cover change by suppressing the growth of competing plant species in favor of commercial species and altering the abundance and composition of forest vegetation. In turn, changes in the abundance and composition of forest vegetation can modify local air temperatures. I hypothesized that herbicide application would alter the thermal environment for early-seral forest organisms (Chapter 2). If this were the case, then air temperature could be expected to increase in magnitude and variability along a gradient of herbicide treatment intensity. To test this hypothesis, I used iButton dataloggers to monitor air temperature at 160 nest boxes on 20 intensively managed early-seral forest stands (10.4 - 18.9) in the northern Oregon Coast Range, USA representing a gradient in intensive forest management (i.e., no-spray control, light, moderate and intensive herbicide application). I also measured the amount and composition of vegetation cover to test for herbicide effects on vegetation among application intensities. Using linear mixed models, I compared three measures of air temperature (mean daily minimum, mean, and maximum) and their associated coefficients of variation (CVs). Additionally, I used linear mixed models to confirm differences in total vegetation and broadleaved vegetation cover. Although mean total vegetation cover generally decreased, it did not significantly differ among herbicide treatments; in contrast, mean broadleaved vegetation cover was significantly reduced in the moderate and intensive treatments. Herbicide treatment was a significant predictor of maximum and mean temperatures, but minimum temperatures did not differ with herbicide treatment. Although there was an effect of herbicide treatment on air temperature, corrected pairwise comparisons indicated no significant differences among treatments. I note that though my power to detect statistical differences among treatments was limited, these differences were quite small (< 0.5°C) and confidence intervals were generally relatively narrow (< 1.5°C), suggesting that temperature did not differ among herbicide treatments in biologically meaningful ways. Furthermore, I did not detect an effect of herbicide treatment on temperature variability. Estimated differences in temperature variability among treatments were small (< 0.5%) and confidence intervals covered a relatively broad range of values, indicating that I did not have enough statistical power to detect effects. I found no uniform pattern in the direction (positive or negative) of the effect of herbicide treatment on temperature or CVs among treatment intensities. Daily air temperatures can strongly influence the reproductive output of early-seral songbirds if temperatures exceed physiological tolerances of offspring, decreasing physiological performance (e.g., excessively high and low temperatures can alter metabolic rates) and survival. Moreover, the abundance and composition of early-seral forest vegetation can influence songbird reproductive output through changes in nest predator communities, food resources, or both. Thus, I further hypothesized that intensive forest management practices could combine with intraseasonal air temperatures to impact reproductive output in an insectivorous cavity-nesting songbird, the House Wren (Trogolodytes aedon) (Chapter 3). If this were the case, then House Wren nest survival, the number of offspring produced, and the quality of those offspring would decline with greater management intensity and increasing air temperatures. To test these predictions, I monitored 283 nests on 24 intensively managed early-seral forest stands (8.6 - 18.9 ha) in the northern Oregon Coast Range, USA representing a gradient in intensive forest management (i.e., no-spray control, light, moderate and intensive herbicide application). I used data from Chapter 2 to test for combined effects of air temperature and herbicide-driven vegetation changes on House Wren reproductive output. Using linear mixed models within a model selection framework, I did not find support for combined effects of temperature and herbicide treatment on nest survival. After accounting for the effects of herbicide-driven vegetation changes on reproductive output, air temperature effects were negligible. My results suggest that post-harvest vegetation management likely does not influence the number of young produced nor their quality (as indicated by body condition) in intensively managed early-seral forests, but may influence nest survival. However, nest survival did not decline along a gradient of herbicide intensity as I expected. Instead, mean nest survival was greatest in the control and most intensively managed stands (failure was greatest in the light treatment); however, these effects were so variable as to not be statistically significant. My results suggest that post-harvest vegetation management in intensively managed forests may be linked to minor changes in microclimatic air temperatures, but that there is high variation in these effects and effects are likely small. Therefore, there appears to be limited potential for vegetation control strategies through herbicides to buffer expected climate change effects on organisms in early-seral forest. My results also suggest that the potential for combined effects of herbicide application and air temperature on early-seral cavity-nesting songbirds is limited. Under current local climate patterns, air temperature appears to exert negligible effects on House Wren reproductive output after accounting for changes in vegetation cover. The effects of herbicide-driven vegetation changes on early-seral songbirds may be large, though highly variable, and not an increasing function of herbicide intensity. These effects may be primarily predator-mediated, as indicated by the large effects of herbicide treatment on House Wren nest survival but not the number of offspring produced nor their quality. My finding of limited temperature effects on House Wren reproductive output compared to the effects of forest management intensity supports predictions that, despite increasing concerns over the impacts of advancing climate change on animal populations, land cover change driven by anthropogenic land use will continue to be the primary global change driver impacting animal populations in the near future. Title: Combined Effects of Intensive Forest Management and Microclimate on Reproduction in a Cavity-Nesting Songbird Author: Jones, Kristin N. Future scenarios of global climate change rely on large-scale climate envelope models that do not account for local climatic conditions to which organisms most closely respond. Shifts in species distributions and phenology driven by climate change are well-documented, yet we lack a strong understanding of how climate change will influence the demographic rates of animal populations, which directly determine the likelihood of species persistence. Land cover change, an agent of global change that is increasing in extent and intensity to meet the needs of a growing human population, can combine with climate change to stress animal populations by altering microclimatic conditions, as well as changing the availability of resources such as food and cover from predators. Thus, identifying the individual and combined effects of climate and land management practices is essential to accurately predict the responses of animal populations to global change. Intensive forest management results in land cover change by suppressing the growth of competing plant species in favor of commercial species and altering the abundance and composition of forest vegetation. In turn, changes in the abundance and composition of forest vegetation can modify local air temperatures. I hypothesized that herbicide application would alter the thermal environment for early-seral forest organisms (Chapter 2). If this were the case, then air temperature could be expected to increase in magnitude and variability along a gradient of herbicide treatment intensity. To test this hypothesis, I used iButton dataloggers to monitor air temperature at 160 nest boxes on 20 intensively managed early-seral forest stands (10.4 - 18.9) in the northern Oregon Coast Range, USA representing a gradient in intensive forest management (i.e., no-spray control, light, moderate and intensive herbicide application). I also measured the amount and composition of vegetation cover to test for herbicide effects on vegetation among application intensities. Using linear mixed models, I compared three measures of air temperature (mean daily minimum, mean, and maximum) and their associated coefficients of variation (CVs). Additionally, I used linear mixed models to confirm differences in total vegetation and broadleaved vegetation cover. Although mean total vegetation cover generally decreased, it did not significantly differ among herbicide treatments; in contrast, mean broadleaved vegetation cover was significantly reduced in the moderate and intensive treatments. Herbicide treatment was a significant predictor of maximum and mean temperatures, but minimum temperatures did not differ with herbicide treatment. Although there was an effect of herbicide treatment on air temperature, corrected pairwise comparisons indicated no significant differences among treatments. I note that though my power to detect statistical differences among treatments was limited, these differences were quite small (< 0.5°C) and confidence intervals were generally relatively narrow (< 1.5°C), suggesting that temperature did not differ among herbicide treatments in biologically meaningful ways. Furthermore, I did not detect an effect of herbicide treatment on temperature variability. Estimated differences in temperature variability among treatments were small (< 0.5%) and confidence intervals covered a relatively broad range of values, indicating that I did not have enough statistical power to detect effects. I found no uniform pattern in the direction (positive or negative) of the effect of herbicide treatment on temperature or CVs among treatment intensities. Daily air temperatures can strongly influence the reproductive output of early-seral songbirds if temperatures exceed physiological tolerances of offspring, decreasing physiological performance (e.g., excessively high and low temperatures can alter metabolic rates) and survival. Moreover, the abundance and composition of early-seral forest vegetation can influence songbird reproductive output through changes in nest predator communities, food resources, or both. Thus, I further hypothesized that intensive forest management practices could combine with intraseasonal air temperatures to impact reproductive output in an insectivorous cavity-nesting songbird, the House Wren (Trogolodytes aedon) (Chapter 3). If this were the case, then House Wren nest survival, the number of offspring produced, and the quality of those offspring would decline with greater management intensity and increasing air temperatures. To test these predictions, I monitored 283 nests on 24 intensively managed early-seral forest stands (8.6 - 18.9 ha) in the northern Oregon Coast Range, USA representing a gradient in intensive forest management (i.e., no-spray control, light, moderate and intensive herbicide application). I used data from Chapter 2 to test for combined effects of air temperature and herbicide-driven vegetation changes on House Wren reproductive output. Using linear mixed models within a model selection framework, I did not find support for combined effects of temperature and herbicide treatment on nest survival. After accounting for the effects of herbicide-driven vegetation changes on reproductive output, air temperature effects were negligible. My results suggest that post-harvest vegetation management likely does not influence the number of young produced nor their quality (as indicated by body condition) in intensively managed early-seral forests, but may influence nest survival. However, nest survival did not decline along a gradient of herbicide intensity as I expected. Instead, mean nest survival was greatest in the control and most intensively managed stands (failure was greatest in the light treatment); however, these effects were so variable as to not be statistically significant. My results suggest that post-harvest vegetation management in intensively managed forests may be linked to minor changes in microclimatic air temperatures, but that there is high variation in these effects and effects are likely small. Therefore, there appears to be limited potential for vegetation control strategies through herbicides to buffer expected climate change effects on organisms in early-seral forest. My results also suggest that the potential for combined effects of herbicide application and air temperature on early-seral cavity-nesting songbirds is limited. Under current local climate patterns, air temperature appears to exert negligible effects on House Wren reproductive output after accounting for changes in vegetation cover. The effects of herbicide-driven vegetation changes on early-seral songbirds may be large, though highly variable, and not an increasing function of herbicide intensity. These effects may be primarily predator-mediated, as indicated by the large effects of herbicide treatment on House Wren nest survival but not the number of offspring produced nor their quality. My finding of limited temperature effects on House Wren reproductive output compared to the effects of forest management intensity supports predictions that, despite increasing concerns over the impacts of advancing climate change on animal populations, land cover change driven by anthropogenic land use will continue to be the primary global change driver impacting animal populations in the near future. Close

• 7. [Article] Molting, growth, and energetics of newly-settled blue king crab: Effects of temperature and comparisons with red king crab

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Molting, growth, and energetics of newly-settled blue king crab: Effects of temperature and comparisons with red king crab Author: Stoner, Allan W., Ottmar, Michele L., Copeman, Louise A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Title: Molting, growth, and energetics of newly-settled blue king crab: Effects of temperature and comparisons with red king crab Author: Stoner, Allan W., Ottmar, Michele L., Copeman, Louise A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Close

• 8. [Article] Flume testing of underwater seep detection using temperature sensing on or just below the surface of sand or gravel sediments

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291944-7973.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Flume testing of underwater seep detection using temperature sensing on or just below the surface of sand or gravel sediments Author: Selker, J. S., Selker, F. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291944-7973. Title: Flume testing of underwater seep detection using temperature sensing on or just below the surface of sand or gravel sediments Author: Selker, J. S., Selker, F. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Geophysical Union and can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291944-7973. Close

• 9. [Article] Climate Change and Productivity in the Aquaculture Industry

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate Change and Productivity in the Aquaculture Industry Author: Lorentzen, Torbjørn Research Paper Title: Climate Change and Productivity in the Aquaculture Industry Author: Lorentzen, Torbjørn Research Paper Close

• 10. [Article] Chronobiology of garter snakes : environmental and hormonal mechanisms mediating hibernation and reproduction

  Most vertebrates exhibit seasonality in many life history traits. Such seasonal rhythms are temporally organized via the transduction of environmental cues (e.g., photoperiod, temperature) into appropriate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Chronobiology of garter snakes : environmental and hormonal mechanisms mediating hibernation and reproduction Author: Lutterschmidt, Deborah I. Most vertebrates exhibit seasonality in many life history traits. Such seasonal rhythms are temporally organized via the transduction of environmental cues (e.g., photoperiod, temperature) into appropriate endocrine signals. However, among ectothermic vertebrates that undergo continuous winter dormancy, temperature is the only environmental cue available for synchronizing seasonal rhythms. Most intriguing is that in species where reproduction occurs immediately following spring emergence, the associated changes in neurophysiology and behavior that accompany reproduction likely occur during winter dormancy. The purpose of this dissertation research was to explore the mechanisms by which temperature cues affect the chronobiology and seasonal reproduction of red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). Because of their roles in circadian organization and energy balance, melatonin and corticosterone are likely hormonal components of these time-keeping systems. I first characterized the interactions between melatonin and corticosterone to better understand the hormonal mechanisms facilitating temperature-induced reproduction. Melatonin and corticosterone additively inhibit reproductive behavior during the spring mating season. Experimental manipulations with a serotonin receptor antagonist suggest the mechanism underlying these effects involves a serotonin-regulated system. Although melatonin does not influence corticosterone responses to capture stress, capture stress significantly increases melatonin concentrations. To investigate the functional significance of these interactions in regulating temperature-induced reproduction, I measured body temperatures of snakes as well as circadian melatonin and corticosterone cycles during winter dormancy and spring emergence using a combination of field and laboratory experiments. Surprisingly, an increase in body temperature is not necessary for emergence from winter dormancy. Rather, critically low temperatures may serve as a zeitgeber entraining an endogenous circannual cycle that regulates emergence. Decreased environmental temperatures, in the absence of changing photoperiod cues, modulate circadian melatonin and corticosterone rhythms during hibernation. Such temperature-induced changes in hormone rhythms may facilitate seasonal reproductive behavior following spring emergence. Furthermore, a phase-shift in corticosterone rhythms during the mating season may regulate the seasonal transition between reproductive and non-reproductive states in red-sided garter snakes. Such studies investigating the environmental and hormonal mechanisms underlying time-keeping systems may provide valuable insight into the potential impact of environmental perturbations (e.g., climate change) on seasonal rhythms in physiology and behavior. Title: Chronobiology of garter snakes : environmental and hormonal mechanisms mediating hibernation and reproduction Author: Lutterschmidt, Deborah I. Most vertebrates exhibit seasonality in many life history traits. Such seasonal rhythms are temporally organized via the transduction of environmental cues (e.g., photoperiod, temperature) into appropriate endocrine signals. However, among ectothermic vertebrates that undergo continuous winter dormancy, temperature is the only environmental cue available for synchronizing seasonal rhythms. Most intriguing is that in species where reproduction occurs immediately following spring emergence, the associated changes in neurophysiology and behavior that accompany reproduction likely occur during winter dormancy. The purpose of this dissertation research was to explore the mechanisms by which temperature cues affect the chronobiology and seasonal reproduction of red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). Because of their roles in circadian organization and energy balance, melatonin and corticosterone are likely hormonal components of these time-keeping systems. I first characterized the interactions between melatonin and corticosterone to better understand the hormonal mechanisms facilitating temperature-induced reproduction. Melatonin and corticosterone additively inhibit reproductive behavior during the spring mating season. Experimental manipulations with a serotonin receptor antagonist suggest the mechanism underlying these effects involves a serotonin-regulated system. Although melatonin does not influence corticosterone responses to capture stress, capture stress significantly increases melatonin concentrations. To investigate the functional significance of these interactions in regulating temperature-induced reproduction, I measured body temperatures of snakes as well as circadian melatonin and corticosterone cycles during winter dormancy and spring emergence using a combination of field and laboratory experiments. Surprisingly, an increase in body temperature is not necessary for emergence from winter dormancy. Rather, critically low temperatures may serve as a zeitgeber entraining an endogenous circannual cycle that regulates emergence. Decreased environmental temperatures, in the absence of changing photoperiod cues, modulate circadian melatonin and corticosterone rhythms during hibernation. Such temperature-induced changes in hormone rhythms may facilitate seasonal reproductive behavior following spring emergence. Furthermore, a phase-shift in corticosterone rhythms during the mating season may regulate the seasonal transition between reproductive and non-reproductive states in red-sided garter snakes. Such studies investigating the environmental and hormonal mechanisms underlying time-keeping systems may provide valuable insight into the potential impact of environmental perturbations (e.g., climate change) on seasonal rhythms in physiology and behavior. Close

• 11. [Article] Temperature Dependence of Cu₃₋xSb₁₋[subscript y]M[subscript y]S₄ (M=Sn,Ge) Resistivity and Thermopower

  Temperature dependence measurements of resistivity and thermopower.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Temperature Dependence of Cu₃₋xSb₁₋[subscript y]M[subscript y]S₄ (M=Sn,Ge) Resistivity and Thermopower Author: Mutch, Joshua Temperature dependence measurements of resistivity and thermopower. Title: Temperature Dependence of Cu₃₋xSb₁₋[subscript y]M[subscript y]S₄ (M=Sn,Ge) Resistivity and Thermopower Author: Mutch, Joshua Temperature dependence measurements of resistivity and thermopower. Close

• 12. [Article] Effects of Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, and Dietary Carbon Sources on the Condition of Juvenile English Sole (Parophrys vetulus) from the Oregon Coast

  Observations of the Oregon coast’s physical oceanography over the last few decades have revealed falling dissolved oxygen levels associated with seasonal upwelling, as well as rising water temperatures. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, and Dietary Carbon Sources on the Condition of Juvenile English Sole (Parophrys vetulus) from the Oregon Coast Author: Stowell, Michelle A. Observations of the Oregon coast’s physical oceanography over the last few decades have revealed falling dissolved oxygen levels associated with seasonal upwelling, as well as rising water temperatures. In extreme cases, these changes have been associated with die-offs, redistribution, and decreased abundance and diversity of benthic fish and invertebrates. Many of these benthic species, including the flatfish English sole (Parophrys vetulus), are commercially harvested as adults and serve as prey for upper trophic levels. English sole utilize nearshore coastal regions and various regions within estuaries as nursery habitat during their juvenile life stage. These habitats differ with respect to temperature, dissolved oxygen, and dietary carbon sources, highlighting the complexity of nursery function and the need to assess relative quality of habitats for juvenile English sole. To this aim, I combined laboratory and field approaches to examine the effects of dissolved oxygen, temperature, and dietary carbon sources on the condition of juvenile English sole. A laboratory-controlled experiment revealed negative impacts of higher temperature and potential for an interactive effect of hypoxia and warm temperatures. However, like their adult conspecifics, juvenile English sole appear tolerant of low-oxygen environments relative to other flatfish species. Additionally, juveniles prioritized growth over lipid storage regardless of dissolved oxygen or temperature levels. Following the laboratory experiment, I compared the condition of wild-caught juvenile English sole collected from upriver and downriver habitats of the Yaquina Bay estuary. The main focus was to investigate the effects of oxygen, temperature, and dietary carbon on the energetic condition of these juveniles. I found that fish from the upriver habitat exhibited lower lipid condition, which may be attributed to warmer temperatures and weaker association with high-quality marine-sourced carbon than fish downriver. Downriver-caught fish were enriched in marine-associated biomarkers that were positively related to fish energetic condition. Though the downriver habitat appeared to provide superior nursery habitat for juveniles during the summer of 2014, this habitat’s strong coastal influence may introduce severely hypoxic waters in future upwelling seasons, highlighting the importance of preserving both habitats for optimal nursery function. Title: Effects of Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, and Dietary Carbon Sources on the Condition of Juvenile English Sole (Parophrys vetulus) from the Oregon Coast Author: Stowell, Michelle A. Observations of the Oregon coast’s physical oceanography over the last few decades have revealed falling dissolved oxygen levels associated with seasonal upwelling, as well as rising water temperatures. In extreme cases, these changes have been associated with die-offs, redistribution, and decreased abundance and diversity of benthic fish and invertebrates. Many of these benthic species, including the flatfish English sole (Parophrys vetulus), are commercially harvested as adults and serve as prey for upper trophic levels. English sole utilize nearshore coastal regions and various regions within estuaries as nursery habitat during their juvenile life stage. These habitats differ with respect to temperature, dissolved oxygen, and dietary carbon sources, highlighting the complexity of nursery function and the need to assess relative quality of habitats for juvenile English sole. To this aim, I combined laboratory and field approaches to examine the effects of dissolved oxygen, temperature, and dietary carbon sources on the condition of juvenile English sole. A laboratory-controlled experiment revealed negative impacts of higher temperature and potential for an interactive effect of hypoxia and warm temperatures. However, like their adult conspecifics, juvenile English sole appear tolerant of low-oxygen environments relative to other flatfish species. Additionally, juveniles prioritized growth over lipid storage regardless of dissolved oxygen or temperature levels. Following the laboratory experiment, I compared the condition of wild-caught juvenile English sole collected from upriver and downriver habitats of the Yaquina Bay estuary. The main focus was to investigate the effects of oxygen, temperature, and dietary carbon on the energetic condition of these juveniles. I found that fish from the upriver habitat exhibited lower lipid condition, which may be attributed to warmer temperatures and weaker association with high-quality marine-sourced carbon than fish downriver. Downriver-caught fish were enriched in marine-associated biomarkers that were positively related to fish energetic condition. Though the downriver habitat appeared to provide superior nursery habitat for juveniles during the summer of 2014, this habitat’s strong coastal influence may introduce severely hypoxic waters in future upwelling seasons, highlighting the importance of preserving both habitats for optimal nursery function. Close

• 13. [Article] Inertial-Convective Subrange Estimates of Thermal Variance Dissipation Rate from Moored Temperature Measurements

  A procedure for estimating thermal variance dissipation rate χ[subscript]T by scaling the inertial-convective subrange of temperature gradient spectra from thermistor measurements on a Tropical Atmosphere ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Inertial-Convective Subrange Estimates of Thermal Variance Dissipation Rate from Moored Temperature Measurements Author: Zhang, Yanwei, Moum, James N. A procedure for estimating thermal variance dissipation rate χ[subscript]T by scaling the inertial-convective subrange of temperature gradient spectra from thermistor measurements on a Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) equatorial mooring, maintained by NOAA’s National Data Buoy Center, is demonstrated. The inertial-convective subrange of wavenumbers/frequencies is contaminated by the vertical motion induced by the pumping of the surface float by surface gravity waves through the local vertical temperature gradient. The uncontaminated signal can be retrieved by removing the part of the measured signal that is coherent with the signal induced by surface gravity waves, which must be measured independently. An estimate of χ[subscript]T is then obtained by fitting corrected spectra to theoretical temperature gradient spectra over the inertial-convective subrange (0.05 < ƒ < 0.5 Hz); this estimate is referred to as χ[subscript]T[superscript]IC. Here χ[subscript]T[superscript]IC was calculated over 120-min intervals and compared with estimates of χ[subscript]T[superscript]o determined by scaling temperature gradient spectra at high wavenumbers (viscous-convective and viscous-diffusive subranges). Large differences up to a factor of 20 and of unknown origin occur infrequently, especially when both background currents and vertical temperature gradients are weak, but the results herein indicate that 75% of the data pairs are within a factor of 3 of each other. Tests on 15-, 30-, 60-, 120-min intervals demonstrate that differences between the two methods are nearly random, unbiased, and less than estimates of natural variability determined from unrelated experiments at the same location. Because the inertial-convective subrange occupies a lower-frequency range than is typically used for turbulence measurements, the potential for more routine measurements of χ[subscript]T exists. The evaluation of degraded signals (resampled from original measurements) indicates that a particularly important component of such a measurement is the independent resolution of the surface wave–induced signal. Title: Inertial-Convective Subrange Estimates of Thermal Variance Dissipation Rate from Moored Temperature Measurements Author: Zhang, Yanwei, Moum, James N. A procedure for estimating thermal variance dissipation rate χ[subscript]T by scaling the inertial-convective subrange of temperature gradient spectra from thermistor measurements on a Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) equatorial mooring, maintained by NOAA’s National Data Buoy Center, is demonstrated. The inertial-convective subrange of wavenumbers/frequencies is contaminated by the vertical motion induced by the pumping of the surface float by surface gravity waves through the local vertical temperature gradient. The uncontaminated signal can be retrieved by removing the part of the measured signal that is coherent with the signal induced by surface gravity waves, which must be measured independently. An estimate of χ[subscript]T is then obtained by fitting corrected spectra to theoretical temperature gradient spectra over the inertial-convective subrange (0.05 < ƒ < 0.5 Hz); this estimate is referred to as χ[subscript]T[superscript]IC. Here χ[subscript]T[superscript]IC was calculated over 120-min intervals and compared with estimates of χ[subscript]T[superscript]o determined by scaling temperature gradient spectra at high wavenumbers (viscous-convective and viscous-diffusive subranges). Large differences up to a factor of 20 and of unknown origin occur infrequently, especially when both background currents and vertical temperature gradients are weak, but the results herein indicate that 75% of the data pairs are within a factor of 3 of each other. Tests on 15-, 30-, 60-, 120-min intervals demonstrate that differences between the two methods are nearly random, unbiased, and less than estimates of natural variability determined from unrelated experiments at the same location. Because the inertial-convective subrange occupies a lower-frequency range than is typically used for turbulence measurements, the potential for more routine measurements of χ[subscript]T exists. The evaluation of degraded signals (resampled from original measurements) indicates that a particularly important component of such a measurement is the independent resolution of the surface wave–induced signal. Close

• 14. [Article] Dielectric properties of BaTiO3–Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3–NaNbO3 solid solutions

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Springer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Dielectric properties of BaTiO3–Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3–NaNbO3 solid solutions Author: Brown-Shaklee, Harlan J., Brennecka, Geoff L., Cann, David P., Raengthon, Natthaphon To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Springer and can be found at: http://www.springer.com/?SGWID=0-102-0-0-0. Title: Dielectric properties of BaTiO3–Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3–NaNbO3 solid solutions Author: Brown-Shaklee, Harlan J., Brennecka, Geoff L., Cann, David P., Raengthon, Natthaphon To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Springer and can be found at: http://www.springer.com/?SGWID=0-102-0-0-0. Close

• 15. [Article] Temperature Changes in Human Skeletal Muscle during Single Leg Dynamic Knee Extension Exercise

  49 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Uman Physiology and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Summer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Temperature Changes in Human Skeletal Muscle during Single Leg Dynamic Knee Extension Exercise Author: Peck, Mairin Year: 2015 49 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Uman Physiology and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Summer 2015. Title: Temperature Changes in Human Skeletal Muscle during Single Leg Dynamic Knee Extension Exercise Author: Peck, Mairin Year: 2015 49 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Uman Physiology and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Summer 2015. Close

• 16. [Article] An experimental investigation of the effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen on the growth of juvenile English sole and juvenile Dungeness crab

  In the past two decades, occurrences of summertime upwelling-driven low dissolved oxygen (DO) events, or hypoxia, have increased along the northeast Pacific coast. If hypoxic events are severe enough to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An experimental investigation of the effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen on the growth of juvenile English sole and juvenile Dungeness crab Author: Bancroft, Morgan P. In the past two decades, occurrences of summertime upwelling-driven low dissolved oxygen (DO) events, or hypoxia, have increased along the northeast Pacific coast. If hypoxic events are severe enough to cause marine species mortality, the areas affected are often called "dead zones." In 2002 and again in 2006, the events were lethal, resulting in mass invertebrate and fish kills. Many organisms are impacted by these events, but less mobile juvenile fishes and crabs are potentially more vulnerable to the long-term effects of these stressful conditions than adults. Little is known about how low DO impacts coastal fishes and invertebrates, especially during the juvenile phase. Nursery habitats in the nearshore open-coast and enclosed estuaries may be differentially affected by hypoxia by prevailing summertime oceanographic conditions. Both ecosystems are critical for the early development of many ecologically and commercially important species. While one habitat may be compromised by stressful environmental conditions, the other may provide refuge. In upwelling driven areas, low dissolved oxygen is typically coupled with colder water, while in estuarine or semi-enclosed systems, dissolved oxygen diminishes with increasing temperatures. Temperature and dissolved oxygen are known to have interactive effects on fish behavior and physiology, which underscores the importance of studying hypoxia within different systems and in relation to other co-occurring environmental variables. In order to isolate the effects of these parameters on growth, I conducted three experiments over the course of two years on juvenile Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) and English sole (Parophrys vetulus). During each experiment, I held English sole in the lab in fixed oxygen and temperature conditions for at least thirty days, and Dungeness crab for approximately fifty. I tested a total of 15 oxygen and temperature treatment combinations, with at least two replicates of each treatment. These treatments simulated summertime oceanographic conditions that are typically found in two nursery habitats used by these species: the Yaquina Bay estuary and Moolack Beach, Oregon USA. English sole specific growth (g d⁻¹) increased with higher temperatures (13 and 15°C) and oxygen concentrations (2.0 and 6.0 mL L⁻¹) and was up to four times lower in all low temperature and oxygen treatments (5 and 7°C; < 1.4 mL L⁻¹). Dungeness crab intermolt period decreased with temperature from 48 days at 5°C to 12 days at 15°C. Crab specific growth (mm d⁻¹) increased with temperature, with crabs in the highest temperatures growing nearly five times as much as crabs in the coldest temperatures. Finally, if people have heard of hypoxia, it is commonly in relation to the condition found in the Gulf of Mexico, which is nutrient driven and can be traced to anthropogenic input. Instead, Oregon hypoxia is more difficult to trace directly to human-related activity, making West Coast hypoxia a relatively lesser understood occurrence. In order to share the results of my research and improve general public understanding of hypoxia, I designed a ~3:00 minute video exhibit that was displayed at the Hatfield Marine Science Center Visitor Center. Our intent was to create a video that could be distributed to different Visitor Centers and museums that are interested in educating their visitors about the occurrence, causes and frequency of hypoxia on the Oregon Coast. Title: An experimental investigation of the effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen on the growth of juvenile English sole and juvenile Dungeness crab Author: Bancroft, Morgan P. In the past two decades, occurrences of summertime upwelling-driven low dissolved oxygen (DO) events, or hypoxia, have increased along the northeast Pacific coast. If hypoxic events are severe enough to cause marine species mortality, the areas affected are often called "dead zones." In 2002 and again in 2006, the events were lethal, resulting in mass invertebrate and fish kills. Many organisms are impacted by these events, but less mobile juvenile fishes and crabs are potentially more vulnerable to the long-term effects of these stressful conditions than adults. Little is known about how low DO impacts coastal fishes and invertebrates, especially during the juvenile phase. Nursery habitats in the nearshore open-coast and enclosed estuaries may be differentially affected by hypoxia by prevailing summertime oceanographic conditions. Both ecosystems are critical for the early development of many ecologically and commercially important species. While one habitat may be compromised by stressful environmental conditions, the other may provide refuge. In upwelling driven areas, low dissolved oxygen is typically coupled with colder water, while in estuarine or semi-enclosed systems, dissolved oxygen diminishes with increasing temperatures. Temperature and dissolved oxygen are known to have interactive effects on fish behavior and physiology, which underscores the importance of studying hypoxia within different systems and in relation to other co-occurring environmental variables. In order to isolate the effects of these parameters on growth, I conducted three experiments over the course of two years on juvenile Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) and English sole (Parophrys vetulus). During each experiment, I held English sole in the lab in fixed oxygen and temperature conditions for at least thirty days, and Dungeness crab for approximately fifty. I tested a total of 15 oxygen and temperature treatment combinations, with at least two replicates of each treatment. These treatments simulated summertime oceanographic conditions that are typically found in two nursery habitats used by these species: the Yaquina Bay estuary and Moolack Beach, Oregon USA. English sole specific growth (g d⁻¹) increased with higher temperatures (13 and 15°C) and oxygen concentrations (2.0 and 6.0 mL L⁻¹) and was up to four times lower in all low temperature and oxygen treatments (5 and 7°C; < 1.4 mL L⁻¹). Dungeness crab intermolt period decreased with temperature from 48 days at 5°C to 12 days at 15°C. Crab specific growth (mm d⁻¹) increased with temperature, with crabs in the highest temperatures growing nearly five times as much as crabs in the coldest temperatures. Finally, if people have heard of hypoxia, it is commonly in relation to the condition found in the Gulf of Mexico, which is nutrient driven and can be traced to anthropogenic input. Instead, Oregon hypoxia is more difficult to trace directly to human-related activity, making West Coast hypoxia a relatively lesser understood occurrence. In order to share the results of my research and improve general public understanding of hypoxia, I designed a ~3:00 minute video exhibit that was displayed at the Hatfield Marine Science Center Visitor Center. Our intent was to create a video that could be distributed to different Visitor Centers and museums that are interested in educating their visitors about the occurrence, causes and frequency of hypoxia on the Oregon Coast. Close

• 17. [Article] Temperature and infiltration characterization of a constructed wetland for wastewater treatment

  The City of Woodburn, Oregon's Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) has been investigating several natural alternatives for improving effluent quality. Based on its current National Pollution Discharge Elimination ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Temperature and infiltration characterization of a constructed wetland for wastewater treatment Author: Gregory, Christopher T. (Christopher Thomas) The City of Woodburn, Oregon's Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) has been investigating several natural alternatives for improving effluent quality. Based on its current National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit, the WWTP will require additional reduction of temperature and ammonia levels in the summer, especially in the critical month of September. The present research focuses on the performance of a 0.15 ha constructed pilot wetland during the summer and early fall of 2009. The wetland was intended to demonstrate the feasibility of using treatment wetlands to lower temperature and ammonia during an annual operational period (approximately June through October). Point sensors and a fiber optic distributed temperature sensor (DTS) were used to assess temperature treatment during the study. Infiltration was monitored to characterize the hydrogeologic behavior of the site. A wetland water budget was used to determine system-wide infiltration, and heat pulses applied to a subsurface fiber optic cable were used to assess infiltrative variability. The results showed that temperature reduction in the pilot wetland was marginal over the study period. In the September critical month, significantly more treatment occurred in the WWTP storage lagoon than in the wetland (about 4°C cooling compared to 1.2°C in the wetland). Decreasing the hydraulic retention time from 2.5 to 0.5 days in mid-September did not change the average temperature treatment. DTS data demonstrated that all temperature reduction occurred in the first half of the wetland. Infiltration was greater than outflow for most of the study, and steadily decreased through time. The highest and lowest infiltration velocities were within a factor of 2, and this range also declined between November 2008 and June 2009. Potential explanations for decreasing infiltration include soil clogging and settling. The study showed the utility of DTS for assessing the spatial and temporal variability of infiltration processes. Title: Temperature and infiltration characterization of a constructed wetland for wastewater treatment Author: Gregory, Christopher T. (Christopher Thomas) The City of Woodburn, Oregon's Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) has been investigating several natural alternatives for improving effluent quality. Based on its current National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit, the WWTP will require additional reduction of temperature and ammonia levels in the summer, especially in the critical month of September. The present research focuses on the performance of a 0.15 ha constructed pilot wetland during the summer and early fall of 2009. The wetland was intended to demonstrate the feasibility of using treatment wetlands to lower temperature and ammonia during an annual operational period (approximately June through October). Point sensors and a fiber optic distributed temperature sensor (DTS) were used to assess temperature treatment during the study. Infiltration was monitored to characterize the hydrogeologic behavior of the site. A wetland water budget was used to determine system-wide infiltration, and heat pulses applied to a subsurface fiber optic cable were used to assess infiltrative variability. The results showed that temperature reduction in the pilot wetland was marginal over the study period. In the September critical month, significantly more treatment occurred in the WWTP storage lagoon than in the wetland (about 4°C cooling compared to 1.2°C in the wetland). Decreasing the hydraulic retention time from 2.5 to 0.5 days in mid-September did not change the average temperature treatment. DTS data demonstrated that all temperature reduction occurred in the first half of the wetland. Infiltration was greater than outflow for most of the study, and steadily decreased through time. The highest and lowest infiltration velocities were within a factor of 2, and this range also declined between November 2008 and June 2009. Potential explanations for decreasing infiltration include soil clogging and settling. The study showed the utility of DTS for assessing the spatial and temporal variability of infiltration processes. Close

• 18. [Article] Effect of temperature and tissue type on fatty acid signatures of two species of North Pacific juvenile gadids: A laboratory feeding study

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effect of temperature and tissue type on fatty acid signatures of two species of North Pacific juvenile gadids: A laboratory feeding study Author: Parrish, Christopher C., Laurel, Benjamin J., Copeman, Louise A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-experimental-marine-biology-and-ecology/. Title: Effect of temperature and tissue type on fatty acid signatures of two species of North Pacific juvenile gadids: A laboratory feeding study Author: Parrish, Christopher C., Laurel, Benjamin J., Copeman, Louise A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-experimental-marine-biology-and-ecology/. Close

• 19. [Article] Mixing Measurements on an Equatorial Ocean Mooring

  Vaned, internally recording instruments that measure temperature fluctuations using FP07 thermistors, including fluctuations in the turbulence wavenumber band, have been built, tested, and deployed on ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mixing Measurements on an Equatorial Ocean Mooring Author: Moum, J. N., Nash, J. D. Vaned, internally recording instruments that measure temperature fluctuations using FP07 thermistors, including fluctuations in the turbulence wavenumber band, have been built, tested, and deployed on a Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) mooring at 0°, 140°W. These were supplemented with motion packages that measure linear accelerations, from which an assessment of cable displacement and speed was made. Motions due to vortex-induced vibrations caused by interaction of the mean flow with the cable are small (rms < 0.15 cable diameters) and unlikely to affect estimates of the temperature variance dissipation rate χ[subscript]T. Surface wave–induced cable motions are significant, commonly resulting in vertical displacements of ±1 m and vertical speeds of ±0.5 m s⁻¹ on 2–10-s periods. These motions produce an enhancement to the measurement of temperature gradient in the surface wave band herein that is equal to the product of the vertical cable speed and the vertical temperature gradient (i.e., dT/dt ~w[subscript]cdT/dz). However, the temperature gradient spectrum is largely unaltered at higher and lower frequencies; in particular, there exists a clear scale separation between frequencies contaminated by surface waves and the turbulence subrange. The effect of cable motions on spectral estimates of χ[subscript]T is evaluated and determined to result in acceptably small uncertainties (< a factor of two 95% of the time, based on 60-s averages). Time series of χT and the inferred turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate ϵ are consistent with historical data from the same equatorial location. Title: Mixing Measurements on an Equatorial Ocean Mooring Author: Moum, J. N., Nash, J. D. Vaned, internally recording instruments that measure temperature fluctuations using FP07 thermistors, including fluctuations in the turbulence wavenumber band, have been built, tested, and deployed on a Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) mooring at 0°, 140°W. These were supplemented with motion packages that measure linear accelerations, from which an assessment of cable displacement and speed was made. Motions due to vortex-induced vibrations caused by interaction of the mean flow with the cable are small (rms < 0.15 cable diameters) and unlikely to affect estimates of the temperature variance dissipation rate χ[subscript]T. Surface wave–induced cable motions are significant, commonly resulting in vertical displacements of ±1 m and vertical speeds of ±0.5 m s⁻¹ on 2–10-s periods. These motions produce an enhancement to the measurement of temperature gradient in the surface wave band herein that is equal to the product of the vertical cable speed and the vertical temperature gradient (i.e., dT/dt ~w[subscript]cdT/dz). However, the temperature gradient spectrum is largely unaltered at higher and lower frequencies; in particular, there exists a clear scale separation between frequencies contaminated by surface waves and the turbulence subrange. The effect of cable motions on spectral estimates of χ[subscript]T is evaluated and determined to result in acceptably small uncertainties (< a factor of two 95% of the time, based on 60-s averages). Time series of χT and the inferred turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate ϵ are consistent with historical data from the same equatorial location. Close

• 20. [Article] A Multi-Year Longitudinal Study of Water Quality Parameters in Four Salmon-Bearing and Recreational Streams on Mount Hood, Oregon

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Public Library of Science and can be found at: http://www.plos.org/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Multi-Year Longitudinal Study of Water Quality Parameters in Four Salmon-Bearing and Recreational Streams on Mount Hood, Oregon Author: Banet, Nathan, Alexander, David, Kolmes, Elijah, Wasowski, Ronald, Roemer, Derek, Haines, Morgan, Kolmes, Steven, Webber, Sarah, Card, Amy, Northcutt, Kelly This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Public Library of Science and can be found at: http://www.plos.org/. Title: A Multi-Year Longitudinal Study of Water Quality Parameters in Four Salmon-Bearing and Recreational Streams on Mount Hood, Oregon Author: Banet, Nathan, Alexander, David, Kolmes, Elijah, Wasowski, Ronald, Roemer, Derek, Haines, Morgan, Kolmes, Steven, Webber, Sarah, Card, Amy, Northcutt, Kelly This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Public Library of Science and can be found at: http://www.plos.org/. Close