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• 41. [Article] Listening Rate Preferences of Language Disordered Children as a Function of Grammatical Complexity

  The purpose of this investigation was to determine if performance on a language comprehension task, varying in number of syntactical units (i.e., grammatical complexity) was affected by altered rates of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Listening Rate Preferences of Language Disordered Children as a Function of Grammatical Complexity Author: Orloff, Wendy Lee Year: 1977 The purpose of this investigation was to determine if performance on a language comprehension task, varying in number of syntactical units (i.e., grammatical complexity) was affected by altered rates of speech. A total of twenty-four language disordered children, aged 7 years, 8 months, through 9 years, 8 months, who were enrolled in language/learning disorders classrooms in the Portland Public Schools served as subjects. The Assessment of Children’s Language Comprehension (Foster et al., 1972) test was administered to each subject via audio-tape at one expanded (100 wpm), one normal (150 wpm), and two compressed rates (200, 250 wpm) of speech. The results of this investigation showed significant differences between performances at varying rates of speech. The normal speaking rate produced significantly better comprehension scores than the other rates. The fast speaking rate (200 wpm) produced the next best scores, while the slow speaking rate (100 wpm) produced significantly lower scores. The results also indicated a normal speaking rate appears to be the best overall rate to use among language disordered subjects, regardless of grammatical complexity. Title: Listening Rate Preferences of Language Disordered Children as a Function of Grammatical Complexity Author: Orloff, Wendy Lee Year: 1977 The purpose of this investigation was to determine if performance on a language comprehension task, varying in number of syntactical units (i.e., grammatical complexity) was affected by altered rates of speech. A total of twenty-four language disordered children, aged 7 years, 8 months, through 9 years, 8 months, who were enrolled in language/learning disorders classrooms in the Portland Public Schools served as subjects. The Assessment of Children’s Language Comprehension (Foster et al., 1972) test was administered to each subject via audio-tape at one expanded (100 wpm), one normal (150 wpm), and two compressed rates (200, 250 wpm) of speech. The results of this investigation showed significant differences between performances at varying rates of speech. The normal speaking rate produced significantly better comprehension scores than the other rates. The fast speaking rate (200 wpm) produced the next best scores, while the slow speaking rate (100 wpm) produced significantly lower scores. The results also indicated a normal speaking rate appears to be the best overall rate to use among language disordered subjects, regardless of grammatical complexity. Close

• 42. [Article] A comparative study of the short-term auditory memory span and sequence of language/learning disabled children and normal children

  This investigation compared the auditory memory span and sequence of language/learning disabled children with that of normal children to determine if there was a difference between the two groups on short-term ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A comparative study of the short-term auditory memory span and sequence of language/learning disabled children and normal children Author: McCausland, Kathleen M. Year: 1978 This investigation compared the auditory memory span and sequence of language/learning disabled children with that of normal children to determine if there was a difference between the two groups on short-term auditory memory, ordering of stimulus type difficulty and performance on subtests using various stimulus types. Fifteen LD subjects were matched with fifteen normal subjects for mental age as measured by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. The Auditory Memory Test Battery (AMTB) was administered to each subject. The AMTB consists of five tape recorded subtests of recall for sentences, digits, related words, unrelated words, and nonsense words. Each subject responded verbally to the randomly presented subtests. This resulted in ten scores for each subject: a span score and sequence score for each of the five subtests, with a possible twenty-eight points for each subtest for both span and sequence. Title: A comparative study of the short-term auditory memory span and sequence of language/learning disabled children and normal children Author: McCausland, Kathleen M. Year: 1978 This investigation compared the auditory memory span and sequence of language/learning disabled children with that of normal children to determine if there was a difference between the two groups on short-term auditory memory, ordering of stimulus type difficulty and performance on subtests using various stimulus types. Fifteen LD subjects were matched with fifteen normal subjects for mental age as measured by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. The Auditory Memory Test Battery (AMTB) was administered to each subject. The AMTB consists of five tape recorded subtests of recall for sentences, digits, related words, unrelated words, and nonsense words. Each subject responded verbally to the randomly presented subtests. This resulted in ten scores for each subject: a span score and sequence score for each of the five subtests, with a possible twenty-eight points for each subtest for both span and sequence. Close

• 43. [Article] A study of the relationship between visual short term memory and speechreading in hearing impaired geriatrics

  The relationship between visual short term memory (as measured by the Memory for Designs Test) and speechreading ability (as measured by the Barley Speechreading Test) was investigated in a sample of twenty-seven ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A study of the relationship between visual short term memory and speechreading in hearing impaired geriatrics Author: Hollevoet, Catherine Year: 1979 The relationship between visual short term memory (as measured by the Memory for Designs Test) and speechreading ability (as measured by the Barley Speechreading Test) was investigated in a sample of twenty-seven hearing impaired geriatrics. Correlation analysis verified a statistically significant relationship between Memory for Designs Test scores and Barley Speechreading Test scores. Partial correlation revealed the relationship between speechreading scores and short term memory scores was rot influenced significantly by variance in chronological age or speech discrimination ability. Memory for Designs Test scores were shown to be accurate predictors of scores achieved on the Barley Speechreading Test. Results of this study suggest that development of different approaches (for evaluating speechreading ability of geriatrics) could prove more informative and useful than the speechreading tests currently in use. For example, development of a speechreading test, composed of several subtests (such as visual short term memory) which would evaluate specific factors related to speechreading ability, would optimize both clinical Title: A study of the relationship between visual short term memory and speechreading in hearing impaired geriatrics Author: Hollevoet, Catherine Year: 1979 The relationship between visual short term memory (as measured by the Memory for Designs Test) and speechreading ability (as measured by the Barley Speechreading Test) was investigated in a sample of twenty-seven hearing impaired geriatrics. Correlation analysis verified a statistically significant relationship between Memory for Designs Test scores and Barley Speechreading Test scores. Partial correlation revealed the relationship between speechreading scores and short term memory scores was rot influenced significantly by variance in chronological age or speech discrimination ability. Memory for Designs Test scores were shown to be accurate predictors of scores achieved on the Barley Speechreading Test. Results of this study suggest that development of different approaches (for evaluating speechreading ability of geriatrics) could prove more informative and useful than the speechreading tests currently in use. For example, development of a speechreading test, composed of several subtests (such as visual short term memory) which would evaluate specific factors related to speechreading ability, would optimize both clinical Close

• 44. [Article] Normative data for the Tennessee test of rhythm and intonation patterns (T-TRIP)

  Prosody is the flow of speech created by controlling elements such as pitch, rate, loudness, and stress (Tiffany and Carrell, 1977). Prosody is vital to intelligibility of speech and also communicates ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Normative data for the Tennessee test of rhythm and intonation patterns (T-TRIP) Author: Drommond, Ray Year: 1984 Prosody is the flow of speech created by controlling elements such as pitch, rate, loudness, and stress (Tiffany and Carrell, 1977). Prosody is vital to intelligibility of speech and also communicates meaning. Despite the importance of prosody, however, few tests for the adequacy of prosodic ability in young children have been published (Koike and Asp, 1981a). To remedy this paucity of tools, Koike and Asp published the Tennessee Test of Rhythm and Intonation Patterns (T-TRIP). The clinical usefulness of the T-TRIP has been limited by a lack of normative data against which to compare individual children's performance. The purpose of this study was to collect normative data on the T-TRIP scores of normal four and six-year-olds. The question this study asked was: What are the means and standard deviations of T-TRIP scores from the samples of four and six-year-olds? A secondary question was: Are differences between the means of the two age groups statistically significant? Title: Normative data for the Tennessee test of rhythm and intonation patterns (T-TRIP) Author: Drommond, Ray Year: 1984 Prosody is the flow of speech created by controlling elements such as pitch, rate, loudness, and stress (Tiffany and Carrell, 1977). Prosody is vital to intelligibility of speech and also communicates meaning. Despite the importance of prosody, however, few tests for the adequacy of prosodic ability in young children have been published (Koike and Asp, 1981a). To remedy this paucity of tools, Koike and Asp published the Tennessee Test of Rhythm and Intonation Patterns (T-TRIP). The clinical usefulness of the T-TRIP has been limited by a lack of normative data against which to compare individual children's performance. The purpose of this study was to collect normative data on the T-TRIP scores of normal four and six-year-olds. The question this study asked was: What are the means and standard deviations of T-TRIP scores from the samples of four and six-year-olds? A secondary question was: Are differences between the means of the two age groups statistically significant? Close

• 45. [Article] A comparative study of language deficits of reservation and urban Indian children

  This study sought to determine if there are any differences in an analysis of language samples between urban Indian, reservation Indian, and urban White first-grade children. The Mean Length of Response ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A comparative study of language deficits of reservation and urban Indian children Author: Pearce, Lezlie Kaye Year: 1978 This study sought to determine if there are any differences in an analysis of language samples between urban Indian, reservation Indian, and urban White first-grade children. The Mean Length of Response (MLR) (Templin, 1957), Developmental Sentence Score (DSS) (Lee, 1974), and individual DSS items were used to analyze language used by the three groups of children. The study involved thirty-nine children, thirteen children in each group, between the ages of six years, six months, and seven years, four months. All subjects were screened to determine grade, residency, Indian blood, speech, language, hearing, and physical status. Testing for hearing vocabulary was performed at the beginning of the testing situation to determine eligibility for the study. Title: A comparative study of language deficits of reservation and urban Indian children Author: Pearce, Lezlie Kaye Year: 1978 This study sought to determine if there are any differences in an analysis of language samples between urban Indian, reservation Indian, and urban White first-grade children. The Mean Length of Response (MLR) (Templin, 1957), Developmental Sentence Score (DSS) (Lee, 1974), and individual DSS items were used to analyze language used by the three groups of children. The study involved thirty-nine children, thirteen children in each group, between the ages of six years, six months, and seven years, four months. All subjects were screened to determine grade, residency, Indian blood, speech, language, hearing, and physical status. Testing for hearing vocabulary was performed at the beginning of the testing situation to determine eligibility for the study. Close

• 46. [Article] The Use of Telegraphic Reading Material by Aphasic Patients

  The purpose of this study was to determine if aphasic patients have significantly more correct answers for telegraphically written material when compared to normally written material. Twenty subjects from ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Use of Telegraphic Reading Material by Aphasic Patients Author: Tovey, Sylvia Diane Year: 1977 The purpose of this study was to determine if aphasic patients have significantly more correct answers for telegraphically written material when compared to normally written material. Twenty subjects from the greater Portland metropolitan area were selected to be included in this study. The ages or the subjects ranged from forty-two through sixty-five years with a mean of fifty-four years. The test material consisted of two paragraphs controlled for fourth grade grammar and vocabulary and two paragraphs controlled for sixth grade grammar and vocabulary. A normally written and a telegraphically written paragraph were used for each of the four paragraphs for a total of eight test paragraphs. The results or this study revealed no statistically significant difference for the magnitude of correct answers for the telegraphically written material; however, a significant number of subjects gave more correct answers for the telegraphic material at both the fourth and sixth grade levels. These results demonstrate that it is easier for some aphasic patients to comprehend telegraphically written material than normally written material. Therefore, telegraphically written material may be of value for patients with aphasia who are relearning to read. This type of material may also be used for recreational reading when requested by aphasic patients. Title: The Use of Telegraphic Reading Material by Aphasic Patients Author: Tovey, Sylvia Diane Year: 1977 The purpose of this study was to determine if aphasic patients have significantly more correct answers for telegraphically written material when compared to normally written material. Twenty subjects from the greater Portland metropolitan area were selected to be included in this study. The ages or the subjects ranged from forty-two through sixty-five years with a mean of fifty-four years. The test material consisted of two paragraphs controlled for fourth grade grammar and vocabulary and two paragraphs controlled for sixth grade grammar and vocabulary. A normally written and a telegraphically written paragraph were used for each of the four paragraphs for a total of eight test paragraphs. The results or this study revealed no statistically significant difference for the magnitude of correct answers for the telegraphically written material; however, a significant number of subjects gave more correct answers for the telegraphic material at both the fourth and sixth grade levels. These results demonstrate that it is easier for some aphasic patients to comprehend telegraphically written material than normally written material. Therefore, telegraphically written material may be of value for patients with aphasia who are relearning to read. This type of material may also be used for recreational reading when requested by aphasic patients. Close

• 47. [Article] Tone Attrition in Mandarin Speakers of Varying English Proficiency

  Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether the degree of dominance of Mandarin–English bilinguals' languages affects phonetic processing of tone content in their native language, Mandarin. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tone Attrition in Mandarin Speakers of Varying English Proficiency Author: Quam, Carolyn, Creel, Sarah C. Year: 2017 Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether the degree of dominance of Mandarin–English bilinguals' languages affects phonetic processing of tone content in their native language, Mandarin. Method We tested 72 Mandarin–English bilingual college students with a range of language-dominance profiles in the 2 languages and ages of acquisition of English. Participants viewed 2 photographs at a time while hearing a familiar Mandarin word referring to 1 photograph. The names of the 2 photographs diverged in tone, vowels, or both. Word recognition was evaluated using clicking accuracy, reaction times, and an online recognition measure (gaze) and was compared in the 3 conditions. Results Relative proficiency in English was correlated with reduced word recognition success in tone-disambiguated trials, but not in vowel-disambiguated trials, across all 3 dependent measures. This selective attrition for tone content emerged even though all bilinguals had learned Mandarin from birth. Lengthy experience with English thus weakened tone use. Conclusions This finding has implications for the question of the extent to which bilinguals' 2 phonetic systems interact. It suggests that bilinguals may not process pitch information language-specifically and that processing strategies from the dominant language may affect phonetic processing in the nondominant language—even when the latter was learned natively. Title: Tone Attrition in Mandarin Speakers of Varying English Proficiency Author: Quam, Carolyn, Creel, Sarah C. Year: 2017 Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether the degree of dominance of Mandarin–English bilinguals' languages affects phonetic processing of tone content in their native language, Mandarin. Method We tested 72 Mandarin–English bilingual college students with a range of language-dominance profiles in the 2 languages and ages of acquisition of English. Participants viewed 2 photographs at a time while hearing a familiar Mandarin word referring to 1 photograph. The names of the 2 photographs diverged in tone, vowels, or both. Word recognition was evaluated using clicking accuracy, reaction times, and an online recognition measure (gaze) and was compared in the 3 conditions. Results Relative proficiency in English was correlated with reduced word recognition success in tone-disambiguated trials, but not in vowel-disambiguated trials, across all 3 dependent measures. This selective attrition for tone content emerged even though all bilinguals had learned Mandarin from birth. Lengthy experience with English thus weakened tone use. Conclusions This finding has implications for the question of the extent to which bilinguals' 2 phonetic systems interact. It suggests that bilinguals may not process pitch information language-specifically and that processing strategies from the dominant language may affect phonetic processing in the nondominant language—even when the latter was learned natively. Close

• 48. [Article] An Investigation of Handedness and its Relationship to the Site of Contact Ulcers

  This investigation attempted to determine the relationship of the site of contact ulcers and subject’s handedness. Literature concerned with contact ulcers has indicated that cerebral dominance tends to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Investigation of Handedness and its Relationship to the Site of Contact Ulcers Author: Colleary, Colleen S. Year: 1973 This investigation attempted to determine the relationship of the site of contact ulcers and subject’s handedness. Literature concerned with contact ulcers has indicated that cerebral dominance tends to determine the site of the lesion. Four research questions were posed, two questions were presented in the form of the null hypothesis. The questions were: (1) Is the proportion of right-handed subjects with left-sided ulcers equal to the proportion of left-handed subjects with left-sided ulcers? (2) Is the proportion of right-handed subjects with right-sided ulcers equal to the proportion of left-handed subjects with right-sided ulcers? (3) Will the site of contact ulcers be able to be predicted from subject’s handedness? And (4) Is there a significant relationship between the factors of age, sex and occupation of the sample studied and the occurrence of contact ulcers? Title: An Investigation of Handedness and its Relationship to the Site of Contact Ulcers Author: Colleary, Colleen S. Year: 1973 This investigation attempted to determine the relationship of the site of contact ulcers and subject’s handedness. Literature concerned with contact ulcers has indicated that cerebral dominance tends to determine the site of the lesion. Four research questions were posed, two questions were presented in the form of the null hypothesis. The questions were: (1) Is the proportion of right-handed subjects with left-sided ulcers equal to the proportion of left-handed subjects with left-sided ulcers? (2) Is the proportion of right-handed subjects with right-sided ulcers equal to the proportion of left-handed subjects with right-sided ulcers? (3) Will the site of contact ulcers be able to be predicted from subject’s handedness? And (4) Is there a significant relationship between the factors of age, sex and occupation of the sample studied and the occurrence of contact ulcers? Close

• 49. [Article] Adult oral diadochokinesis rates : preliminary normative data

  In the clinical evaluation and management of speech disorders, a speech-language pathologist may observe disturbances in a client's motor abilities that suggest possible neurological dysfunction. One possible ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Adult oral diadochokinesis rates : preliminary normative data Author: Kafton-Minkel, Carol Year: 1983 In the clinical evaluation and management of speech disorders, a speech-language pathologist may observe disturbances in a client's motor abilities that suggest possible neurological dysfunction. One possible disturbance is in oral diadochokinesis (DIO), an individual's ability to start and stop the movement of the articulators rapidly and execute repetitive, alternating, sequential movements typically associated with speech articulation. It is often recommended that a speech-language pathologist test DIO speed and compare the performance to available norms. There is, however, a lack of normative DIO data spanning all ages of adulthood. The purpose of this study was to develop preliminary normative data on the speed of oral diadochokinesis used in articulation of syllables and oral movements by adults. The investigation sought to answer the question: What are the mean rates of oral diadochokinetic syllable productions and selected oral movements for each decade of adulthood? Title: Adult oral diadochokinesis rates : preliminary normative data Author: Kafton-Minkel, Carol Year: 1983 In the clinical evaluation and management of speech disorders, a speech-language pathologist may observe disturbances in a client's motor abilities that suggest possible neurological dysfunction. One possible disturbance is in oral diadochokinesis (DIO), an individual's ability to start and stop the movement of the articulators rapidly and execute repetitive, alternating, sequential movements typically associated with speech articulation. It is often recommended that a speech-language pathologist test DIO speed and compare the performance to available norms. There is, however, a lack of normative DIO data spanning all ages of adulthood. The purpose of this study was to develop preliminary normative data on the speed of oral diadochokinesis used in articulation of syllables and oral movements by adults. The investigation sought to answer the question: What are the mean rates of oral diadochokinetic syllable productions and selected oral movements for each decade of adulthood? Close

• 50. [Article] The use of the California Consonant Test and the Northwestern University Auditory Test no. 6 in hearing aid evaluations for individuals with precipitous losses above 1 kHz

  These two joint-studies used recorded versions of the Northwestern University Auditory Test Number· 6 (NU-6) and the California Consonant Test (CCT) in the hearing aid evaluations (HAEs) of 12 male and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The use of the California Consonant Test and the Northwestern University Auditory Test no. 6 in hearing aid evaluations for individuals with precipitous losses above 1 kHz Author: Allard, Bradley James Year: 1990 These two joint-studies used recorded versions of the Northwestern University Auditory Test Number· 6 (NU-6) and the California Consonant Test (CCT) in the hearing aid evaluations (HAEs) of 12 male and one female subjects, aged 41 to 87 years. They exhibited precipitous high frequency losses beyond 1 kHz in at least one ear. All subjects were evaluated without amplification and while monaurally aided with two conventional high pass hearing aids. Ten of the subjects were evaluated in multi-talker noise and 11 were tested in quiet. Since the CCT was more heavily weighted than the NU-6 with target phonemes sensitive to high frequency losses, it was hypothesized that the CCT might be more sensitive than the NU-6 to significant differences between aided and/or unaided performances of these particularly high frequency impaired subjects. Title: The use of the California Consonant Test and the Northwestern University Auditory Test no. 6 in hearing aid evaluations for individuals with precipitous losses above 1 kHz Author: Allard, Bradley James Year: 1990 These two joint-studies used recorded versions of the Northwestern University Auditory Test Number· 6 (NU-6) and the California Consonant Test (CCT) in the hearing aid evaluations (HAEs) of 12 male and one female subjects, aged 41 to 87 years. They exhibited precipitous high frequency losses beyond 1 kHz in at least one ear. All subjects were evaluated without amplification and while monaurally aided with two conventional high pass hearing aids. Ten of the subjects were evaluated in multi-talker noise and 11 were tested in quiet. Since the CCT was more heavily weighted than the NU-6 with target phonemes sensitive to high frequency losses, it was hypothesized that the CCT might be more sensitive than the NU-6 to significant differences between aided and/or unaided performances of these particularly high frequency impaired subjects. Close