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• 31. [Article] A Voice Incidence Study: Portland, Oregon

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of voice disorders among kindergarten and first-grade students in some schools in Portland, Oregon, during the Fall of 1974. The study was designed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Voice Incidence Study: Portland, Oregon Author: Laskey, Ann Lynn Year: 1975 The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of voice disorders among kindergarten and first-grade students in some schools in Portland, Oregon, during the Fall of 1974. The study was designed to determine the following information: 1) the percentage of voice disorders, 2) the percentage of each type of voice disorder, 3) the severity of each voice disorder, and 4) the percentage of males and of females exhibiting voice disorders. The essential questions to be answered by the present study were: What is the incidence of voice disorders in a kindergarten and first-grade (approximately five to seven years of age) sample? What are the types of voice deviations? What is the severity of each voice problem? Was the incidence similar for males and females? Title: A Voice Incidence Study: Portland, Oregon Author: Laskey, Ann Lynn Year: 1975 The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of voice disorders among kindergarten and first-grade students in some schools in Portland, Oregon, during the Fall of 1974. The study was designed to determine the following information: 1) the percentage of voice disorders, 2) the percentage of each type of voice disorder, 3) the severity of each voice disorder, and 4) the percentage of males and of females exhibiting voice disorders. The essential questions to be answered by the present study were: What is the incidence of voice disorders in a kindergarten and first-grade (approximately five to seven years of age) sample? What are the types of voice deviations? What is the severity of each voice problem? Was the incidence similar for males and females? Close

• 32. [Article] Data on the PPVT-R for black kindergarteners

  The purpose of this study was to obtain data from the PPVT-R scores of low and middle SES black kindergartners in the Portland area to determine if there is a difference between their scores and the scores ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Data on the PPVT-R for black kindergarteners Author: Stocks, Christy Gail Year: 1987 The purpose of this study was to obtain data from the PPVT-R scores of low and middle SES black kindergartners in the Portland area to determine if there is a difference between their scores and the scores reported in the PPVT-R. The primary question to be answered was do the scores of black kindergartners in Portland vary significantly dependent upon SES? The secondary questions this study sought to answer were: what are the means, standard deviations, and ranges of scores for black kindergartners in Portland and what are the means, standard deviations, and ranges for each two-month age group of black kindergartners in Portland? Title: Data on the PPVT-R for black kindergarteners Author: Stocks, Christy Gail Year: 1987 The purpose of this study was to obtain data from the PPVT-R scores of low and middle SES black kindergartners in the Portland area to determine if there is a difference between their scores and the scores reported in the PPVT-R. The primary question to be answered was do the scores of black kindergartners in Portland vary significantly dependent upon SES? The secondary questions this study sought to answer were: what are the means, standard deviations, and ranges of scores for black kindergartners in Portland and what are the means, standard deviations, and ranges for each two-month age group of black kindergartners in Portland? Close

• 33. [Article] The maximum duration of phonation of /a/ in normal and hoarse voiced children

  Hoarseness seems to be the primary type of voice disorder occurring in school-aged children. Voice experts have suggested measurement of maximum phonation times as a clinical tool for assessing vocal function ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The maximum duration of phonation of /a/ in normal and hoarse voiced children Author: Coombs, Jo Year: 1976 Hoarseness seems to be the primary type of voice disorder occurring in school-aged children. Voice experts have suggested measurement of maximum phonation times as a clinical tool for assessing vocal function (Fairbanks, 1940; Westlake and Rutherford, 1961; Irwin, 1965; Boone, 1971). Most of the studies on duration of phonation have used adults as subjects; few investigations have involved children. An apparent need, therefore, existed to investigate duration of phonation in young children. Title: The maximum duration of phonation of /a/ in normal and hoarse voiced children Author: Coombs, Jo Year: 1976 Hoarseness seems to be the primary type of voice disorder occurring in school-aged children. Voice experts have suggested measurement of maximum phonation times as a clinical tool for assessing vocal function (Fairbanks, 1940; Westlake and Rutherford, 1961; Irwin, 1965; Boone, 1971). Most of the studies on duration of phonation have used adults as subjects; few investigations have involved children. An apparent need, therefore, existed to investigate duration of phonation in young children. Close

• 34. [Article] A Comparison of the Vocabulary Ability of Four- and Five-Year-Old Bilingual Mexican-American Children with That of Monolingual Anglo-American Children

  This study sought to investigate the Spanish and English receptive pictorial vocabulary of four- and five-year-old bilingual Mexican-American children. The performance of bilingual Mexican-American children ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Comparison of the Vocabulary Ability of Four- and Five-Year-Old Bilingual Mexican-American Children with That of Monolingual Anglo-American Children Author: Abila, Amparo Year: 1976 This study sought to investigate the Spanish and English receptive pictorial vocabulary of four- and five-year-old bilingual Mexican-American children. The performance of bilingual Mexican-American children on the Mexican-American Inventory of Receptive Abilities--MIRA (Nelson-Burgess and Meyerson, 1975) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test--PPVT (Dunn, 1959) was compared to that of monolingual Anglo-American children of the same relative age range and socioeconomic level. Title: A Comparison of the Vocabulary Ability of Four- and Five-Year-Old Bilingual Mexican-American Children with That of Monolingual Anglo-American Children Author: Abila, Amparo Year: 1976 This study sought to investigate the Spanish and English receptive pictorial vocabulary of four- and five-year-old bilingual Mexican-American children. The performance of bilingual Mexican-American children on the Mexican-American Inventory of Receptive Abilities--MIRA (Nelson-Burgess and Meyerson, 1975) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test--PPVT (Dunn, 1959) was compared to that of monolingual Anglo-American children of the same relative age range and socioeconomic level. Close

• 35. [Article] Developmental sentence scoring : a comparative study conducted in Portland, Oregon

  The purpose of this investigation was to replicate the study conducted by Lee and Canter (1971) and Lee (1974a) to determine if a significant difference among the scores in the two studies existed due ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Developmental sentence scoring : a comparative study conducted in Portland, Oregon Author: McCluskey, Kathryn Marie Year: 1984 The purpose of this investigation was to replicate the study conducted by Lee and Canter (1971) and Lee (1974a) to determine if a significant difference among the scores in the two studies existed due to geographical location, and to initiate the establishment of norms for the Portland, Oregon geographical area. Forty children, selected on the basis of chronological age (4.0 to 4.11 years), normal receptive vocabulary skills, normal hearing, and a monolingual background, participated as subjects. A language sample of fifty utterances was elicited from each child and analyzed according to the Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS) procedure. Title: Developmental sentence scoring : a comparative study conducted in Portland, Oregon Author: McCluskey, Kathryn Marie Year: 1984 The purpose of this investigation was to replicate the study conducted by Lee and Canter (1971) and Lee (1974a) to determine if a significant difference among the scores in the two studies existed due to geographical location, and to initiate the establishment of norms for the Portland, Oregon geographical area. Forty children, selected on the basis of chronological age (4.0 to 4.11 years), normal receptive vocabulary skills, normal hearing, and a monolingual background, participated as subjects. A language sample of fifty utterances was elicited from each child and analyzed according to the Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS) procedure. Close

• 36. [Article] A comparative study of the developmental sentence scoring normative data obtained in Portland, Oregon, and the Midwest, for children between the ages of 5.0 and 5.11 years

  The focus of this study was the Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS), developed by Lee and Canter (1971) and Lee (1974). The DSS is used to analyze a corpus of 50 utterances according to eight grammatical ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A comparative study of the developmental sentence scoring normative data obtained in Portland, Oregon, and the Midwest, for children between the ages of 5.0 and 5.11 years Author: McNutt, Eileen Year: 1985 The focus of this study was the Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS), developed by Lee and Canter (1971) and Lee (1974). The DSS is used to analyze a corpus of 50 utterances according to eight grammatical categories. Once a DSS score is determined for an individual child, that child's performance can be compared to that of his/ her peers, using the normative data provided by Lee (1974), and reported by Koenigsknecht (1974). This normative data has been widely used both clinically, and in research projects with little regard for the validity of the norms when applied outside the Midwest, where it was originally normed. Title: A comparative study of the developmental sentence scoring normative data obtained in Portland, Oregon, and the Midwest, for children between the ages of 5.0 and 5.11 years Author: McNutt, Eileen Year: 1985 The focus of this study was the Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS), developed by Lee and Canter (1971) and Lee (1974). The DSS is used to analyze a corpus of 50 utterances according to eight grammatical categories. Once a DSS score is determined for an individual child, that child's performance can be compared to that of his/ her peers, using the normative data provided by Lee (1974), and reported by Koenigsknecht (1974). This normative data has been widely used both clinically, and in research projects with little regard for the validity of the norms when applied outside the Midwest, where it was originally normed. Close

• 37. [Article] A comparative study of the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test data

  The purpose of this study was to compare NSST data (Lee, 1969, 1971) with data obtained in Portland, Oregon for children 4.0-4.11 years of age. The questions this study sought to answer were: 1) Is there ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A comparative study of the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test data Author: Moore, Sharon Ann Year: 1985 The purpose of this study was to compare NSST data (Lee, 1969, 1971) with data obtained in Portland, Oregon for children 4.0-4.11 years of age. The questions this study sought to answer were: 1) Is there a significant difference between the expressive and receptive scores obtained by Lee, (1969, 1971) and the scores obtained in Portland, Oregon? 2) What are the means, standard deviations and percentiles of the NSST scores of a select group of four-year-old children in Portland, Oregon? Title: A comparative study of the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test data Author: Moore, Sharon Ann Year: 1985 The purpose of this study was to compare NSST data (Lee, 1969, 1971) with data obtained in Portland, Oregon for children 4.0-4.11 years of age. The questions this study sought to answer were: 1) Is there a significant difference between the expressive and receptive scores obtained by Lee, (1969, 1971) and the scores obtained in Portland, Oregon? 2) What are the means, standard deviations and percentiles of the NSST scores of a select group of four-year-old children in Portland, Oregon? Close

• 38. [Article] The duration of tinnitus in an aging population

  The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the perceived severity of chronic tinnitus in a geriatric population increased, decreased, or remained constant with the passage of time. A questionnaire ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The duration of tinnitus in an aging population Author: Engel, Mary Year: 1990 The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the perceived severity of chronic tinnitus in a geriatric population increased, decreased, or remained constant with the passage of time. A questionnaire was designed to ascertain the subjects' perceived severity at time of onset and the perceived severity of their current tinnitus. The subjects were asked to rate their past and present tinnitus severity according to how much it bothered them. They were also asked questions pertaining to noise exposure history, hearing aid use, and tinnitus sound parameters for purposes of comparison with other groups previously studied. Title: The duration of tinnitus in an aging population Author: Engel, Mary Year: 1990 The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the perceived severity of chronic tinnitus in a geriatric population increased, decreased, or remained constant with the passage of time. A questionnaire was designed to ascertain the subjects' perceived severity at time of onset and the perceived severity of their current tinnitus. The subjects were asked to rate their past and present tinnitus severity according to how much it bothered them. They were also asked questions pertaining to noise exposure history, hearing aid use, and tinnitus sound parameters for purposes of comparison with other groups previously studied. Close

• 39. [Article] The descriptive function of language : changes with age and pressure to inform

  Currently language is viewed as a multi-dimensional construct, consisting of three interrelated components; content, form and function (Bloom and Lahey, 1978). In recent publications, language function ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The descriptive function of language : changes with age and pressure to inform Author: Liebman, Eve Susan Year: 1982 Currently language is viewed as a multi-dimensional construct, consisting of three interrelated components; content, form and function (Bloom and Lahey, 1978). In recent publications, language function has been referred to as pragmatics (Prutting, 1979). The essence of pragmatic theory is that language is used functionally in social contexts, to accomplish specific types of communication (Wood, 1981). One such communicative function is referred to as the informative function, which occurs when a speaker provides ideas and information to others, as in describing, naming and giving examples {Wood, 1981). It is not clear, however, when children become competent in making specific, clear statements when describing a referent or event. No study, found by this writer, has provided a detailed analysis of the changes that may occur in baseline descriptive strategies when children are placed under pressure to provide more information. Such data could provide additional insight into children's descriptive abilities at different stages of development. The questions posed in this investigation were: (1) Does referential communication vary under pressure among four, six and eight year old children? and (2) How do four, six and eight year old children's descriptions vary when they are pressured to provide more information? Title: The descriptive function of language : changes with age and pressure to inform Author: Liebman, Eve Susan Year: 1982 Currently language is viewed as a multi-dimensional construct, consisting of three interrelated components; content, form and function (Bloom and Lahey, 1978). In recent publications, language function has been referred to as pragmatics (Prutting, 1979). The essence of pragmatic theory is that language is used functionally in social contexts, to accomplish specific types of communication (Wood, 1981). One such communicative function is referred to as the informative function, which occurs when a speaker provides ideas and information to others, as in describing, naming and giving examples {Wood, 1981). It is not clear, however, when children become competent in making specific, clear statements when describing a referent or event. No study, found by this writer, has provided a detailed analysis of the changes that may occur in baseline descriptive strategies when children are placed under pressure to provide more information. Such data could provide additional insight into children's descriptive abilities at different stages of development. The questions posed in this investigation were: (1) Does referential communication vary under pressure among four, six and eight year old children? and (2) How do four, six and eight year old children's descriptions vary when they are pressured to provide more information? Close

• 40. [Article] An analysis of Staggered spondaic word test performances of dyslexic children and their parents

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of a familial lineage for dyslexia by analyzing certain auditory processing characteristics of dyslexic children and their parents. The Staggered ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An analysis of Staggered spondaic word test performances of dyslexic children and their parents Author: Maxwell, Nancy Jane Year: 1978 The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of a familial lineage for dyslexia by analyzing certain auditory processing characteristics of dyslexic children and their parents. The Staggered Spondaic Word test was administered to twenty-one dyslexic children, eight to thirteen years of age, their natural parents and normal reading siblings. The experimental test data were tabulated and analyzed according to listening condition for each of the four groups: dyslexic children, normal reading siblings, affected parents and non-affected parents. A statistical analysis of the experimental data revealed significantly poorer Staggered Spondaic Word test performances for dyslexic children and their affected parents, in both the right and left competing listening conditions, when compared to test performances of their normal reading siblings and non-affected parents. These test results appear to support a genetic precursor theory for dyslexia. The experimental findings from the present investigation are discussed in terms of their clinical implications for the identification and management of dyslexic children. Title: An analysis of Staggered spondaic word test performances of dyslexic children and their parents Author: Maxwell, Nancy Jane Year: 1978 The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of a familial lineage for dyslexia by analyzing certain auditory processing characteristics of dyslexic children and their parents. The Staggered Spondaic Word test was administered to twenty-one dyslexic children, eight to thirteen years of age, their natural parents and normal reading siblings. The experimental test data were tabulated and analyzed according to listening condition for each of the four groups: dyslexic children, normal reading siblings, affected parents and non-affected parents. A statistical analysis of the experimental data revealed significantly poorer Staggered Spondaic Word test performances for dyslexic children and their affected parents, in both the right and left competing listening conditions, when compared to test performances of their normal reading siblings and non-affected parents. These test results appear to support a genetic precursor theory for dyslexia. The experimental findings from the present investigation are discussed in terms of their clinical implications for the identification and management of dyslexic children. Close