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• 1. [Article] Curbing Teen Dating Violence: Evidence from a School Prevention Program

  This research brief summarizes a survey about the effectiveness of programs from Break the Cycle, a nonprofit organization dedicated to developing and fielding dating-violence prevention programs.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Curbing Teen Dating Violence: Evidence from a School Prevention Program Author: Jaycox, Lisa, McCaffrey, Daniel F., Weidmer, Beverly A., Marshall, Grant N., Collins, Rebecca L., Hickman, Laura J., Quigley, Denise D. Year: 2006 This research brief summarizes a survey about the effectiveness of programs from Break the Cycle, a nonprofit organization dedicated to developing and fielding dating-violence prevention programs. Title: Curbing Teen Dating Violence: Evidence from a School Prevention Program Author: Jaycox, Lisa, McCaffrey, Daniel F., Weidmer, Beverly A., Marshall, Grant N., Collins, Rebecca L., Hickman, Laura J., Quigley, Denise D. Year: 2006 This research brief summarizes a survey about the effectiveness of programs from Break the Cycle, a nonprofit organization dedicated to developing and fielding dating-violence prevention programs. Close

• 2. [Article] Formalizing Collaboration: Establishing Domestic Violence Memorandums of Understanding Between Military Installations and Civilian Communities

  The military has begun to encourage collaborative relationships--through formal memorandums of understanding (MOUs)--between military installations and neighboring communities intended to prevent and respond ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Formalizing Collaboration: Establishing Domestic Violence Memorandums of Understanding Between Military Installations and Civilian Communities Author: Hickman, Laura J., Davis, Lois M. Year: 2003 The military has begun to encourage collaborative relationships--through formal memorandums of understanding (MOUs)--between military installations and neighboring communities intended to prevent and respond to domestic violence involving service members. The authors examine the challenges of and recommendations for establishing such MOUs. Title: Formalizing Collaboration: Establishing Domestic Violence Memorandums of Understanding Between Military Installations and Civilian Communities Author: Hickman, Laura J., Davis, Lois M. Year: 2003 The military has begun to encourage collaborative relationships--through formal memorandums of understanding (MOUs)--between military installations and neighboring communities intended to prevent and respond to domestic violence involving service members. The authors examine the challenges of and recommendations for establishing such MOUs. Close

• 3. [Article] Approaches to Making Military-Civilian Domestic Violence Collaborations Work: Lessons Learned From Two Case Studies

  To prevent and respond to domestic violence by or against service members, the military hopes to form and strengthen collaborative relationships between installations and neighboring communities. The authors ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Approaches to Making Military-Civilian Domestic Violence Collaborations Work: Lessons Learned From Two Case Studies Author: Hickman, Laura J., Davis, Lois M., Steinberg, Paul C. Year: 2004 To prevent and respond to domestic violence by or against service members, the military hopes to form and strengthen collaborative relationships between installations and neighboring communities. The authors present findings from two case studies of military-civilian collaboration and offer suggestions for forming and strengthening these relationships. Title: Approaches to Making Military-Civilian Domestic Violence Collaborations Work: Lessons Learned From Two Case Studies Author: Hickman, Laura J., Davis, Lois M., Steinberg, Paul C. Year: 2004 To prevent and respond to domestic violence by or against service members, the military hopes to form and strengthen collaborative relationships between installations and neighboring communities. The authors present findings from two case studies of military-civilian collaboration and offer suggestions for forming and strengthening these relationships. Close

• 4. [Article] Police Personnel Challenges After September 11: Anticipating Expanded Duties and a Changing Labor Pool

  Many police departments face ongoing challenges in recruiting and retaining police officers. Heightened concern about terrorist attacks has exacerbated this problem by increasing demands on local law enforcement ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Police Personnel Challenges After September 11: Anticipating Expanded Duties and a Changing Labor Pool Author: Raymond, Barbara, Hickman, Laura J., Miller, Laura J., Wong, Jennifer S. Year: 2005 Many police departments face ongoing challenges in recruiting and retaining police officers. Heightened concern about terrorist attacks has exacerbated this problem by increasing demands on local law enforcement agencies. To address this problem, the authors, drawing on RAND’s extensive work in military personnel management, identify key lessons that could help develop a force management plan for police agencies focusing on future demand for police personnel and creative sources of supply. This analysis considers changing demands for police services; labor pool qualifications; and possible national and regional efforts to adapt military recruitment strategies for police agencies. The Long Beach Police Department, a metropolitan police department struggling with officer recruitment and retention in the face of increased security-related demands, serves as a case study example offering informative background data about these issues. Title: Police Personnel Challenges After September 11: Anticipating Expanded Duties and a Changing Labor Pool Author: Raymond, Barbara, Hickman, Laura J., Miller, Laura J., Wong, Jennifer S. Year: 2005 Many police departments face ongoing challenges in recruiting and retaining police officers. Heightened concern about terrorist attacks has exacerbated this problem by increasing demands on local law enforcement agencies. To address this problem, the authors, drawing on RAND’s extensive work in military personnel management, identify key lessons that could help develop a force management plan for police agencies focusing on future demand for police personnel and creative sources of supply. This analysis considers changing demands for police services; labor pool qualifications; and possible national and regional efforts to adapt military recruitment strategies for police agencies. The Long Beach Police Department, a metropolitan police department struggling with officer recruitment and retention in the face of increased security-related demands, serves as a case study example offering informative background data about these issues. Close

• 5. [Article] Tracking Inmates and Locating Staff with Active Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID): Early Lessons Learned in One U.S. Correctional Facility

  The lessons identified in this report pertain to the issues for a correctional facility to take into account when considering whether to deploy an active radio-frequency identification (RFID) system within ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tracking Inmates and Locating Staff with Active Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID): Early Lessons Learned in One U.S. Correctional Facility Author: Hickman, Laura J., Davis, Lois M., Wells, Edward, Eisman, Mel Year: 2010 The lessons identified in this report pertain to the issues for a correctional facility to take into account when considering whether to deploy an active radio-frequency identification (RFID) system within the institution. Because the experience of U.S. correctional institutions with RFID is still fairly limited, this report represents an early look at the experiences of one of the few facilities that have invested in active RFID for use in tracking inmates and locating staff. It provides important information and insights on issues to consider in the conceptualization, design, and installation of an active RFID system in a correctional setting. Title: Tracking Inmates and Locating Staff with Active Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID): Early Lessons Learned in One U.S. Correctional Facility Author: Hickman, Laura J., Davis, Lois M., Wells, Edward, Eisman, Mel Year: 2010 The lessons identified in this report pertain to the issues for a correctional facility to take into account when considering whether to deploy an active radio-frequency identification (RFID) system within the institution. Because the experience of U.S. correctional institutions with RFID is still fairly limited, this report represents an early look at the experiences of one of the few facilities that have invested in active RFID for use in tracking inmates and locating staff. It provides important information and insights on issues to consider in the conceptualization, design, and installation of an active RFID system in a correctional setting. Close

• 6. [Article] Identifying Deportable Aliens in the Los Angeles County Jail: Implementing the HI-CAAP Federal-Local Partnership

  Throughout the 1990s, Los Angeles (L.A.) County officials grew increasingly concerned about the negative impact of criminally involved aliens on local public safety and criminal justice resources. Of particular ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Identifying Deportable Aliens in the Los Angeles County Jail: Implementing the HI-CAAP Federal-Local Partnership Author: Raymond, Barbara, Hickman, Laura J., Williams, Elizabeth, Riley, K. Jack Year: 2004 Throughout the 1990s, Los Angeles (L.A.) County officials grew increasingly concerned about the negative impact of criminally involved aliens on local public safety and criminal justice resources. Of particular concern was that subgroup of criminal aliens who had been previously deported from the United States and later rearrested for new criminal activity in L.A. County. In response, a multi-agency partnership was formed called High Intensity Criminal Alien Apprehension and Prosecution (HI-CAAP). The goals of the HI-CAAP partnership are to increase the identification and federal prosecution of previously deported criminal aliens. This report is an assessment of the partnership’s progress toward implementation of these goals. The findings are that considerable progress has been made in identification of previously deported criminal aliens, including increased ability to make a fingerprint-based identification; improved working relationships with the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s Law Enforcement Support Center, and progress toward implementation of an automated immigration detainer process. There also appears to have been progress toward the goal of increased federal prosecution of HI-CAAP aliens. Despite no increase in resources, the United States Attorney Office has been actively seeking methods, such as the adoption of the Fast Track program, to increase the number of federal prosecutions of criminal aliens. The issues raised in this report may serve as informative background for federal policymakers and local jurisdictions seeking to address criminal aliens. While they are not easily developed or maintained, such partnerships may hold great promise for addressing the multijurisdictional problem of previously deported criminal aliens. Title: Identifying Deportable Aliens in the Los Angeles County Jail: Implementing the HI-CAAP Federal-Local Partnership Author: Raymond, Barbara, Hickman, Laura J., Williams, Elizabeth, Riley, K. Jack Year: 2004 Throughout the 1990s, Los Angeles (L.A.) County officials grew increasingly concerned about the negative impact of criminally involved aliens on local public safety and criminal justice resources. Of particular concern was that subgroup of criminal aliens who had been previously deported from the United States and later rearrested for new criminal activity in L.A. County. In response, a multi-agency partnership was formed called High Intensity Criminal Alien Apprehension and Prosecution (HI-CAAP). The goals of the HI-CAAP partnership are to increase the identification and federal prosecution of previously deported criminal aliens. This report is an assessment of the partnership’s progress toward implementation of these goals. The findings are that considerable progress has been made in identification of previously deported criminal aliens, including increased ability to make a fingerprint-based identification; improved working relationships with the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s Law Enforcement Support Center, and progress toward implementation of an automated immigration detainer process. There also appears to have been progress toward the goal of increased federal prosecution of HI-CAAP aliens. Despite no increase in resources, the United States Attorney Office has been actively seeking methods, such as the adoption of the Fast Track program, to increase the number of federal prosecutions of criminal aliens. The issues raised in this report may serve as informative background for federal policymakers and local jurisdictions seeking to address criminal aliens. While they are not easily developed or maintained, such partnerships may hold great promise for addressing the multijurisdictional problem of previously deported criminal aliens. Close

• 7. [Article] Evaluation of the Impact of Seattle's DWLS Vehicle Impound Law

  In recent years, a number of jurisdictions have sought to strengthen rules and regulations for promoting safe driving. Some have authorized impounding vehicles operated by individuals driving with a suspended ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation of the Impact of Seattle's DWLS Vehicle Impound Law Author: Hickman, Laura J., Fain, Terry, Ridgeway, Greg, Turner, Susan, Lockwood, J. R., Raymond, Barbara Year: 2003 In recent years, a number of jurisdictions have sought to strengthen rules and regulations for promoting safe driving. Some have authorized impounding vehicles operated by individuals driving with a suspended license. In 1998, the City of Seattle passed such an ordinance, and it was implemented on January 1, 1999. Some critics of Seattle’s Impound Law contend that targeting DWLS drivers whose licenses are suspended for comparably minor offenses (called DWLS 3 drivers) is overly harsh, contending they are not significantly more dangerous than validly licensed drivers. Supporters of the law contend that more stringent actions against DWLS 3 drivers could help reduce accidents and injuries by removing more unsafe drivers from the roads. The City of Seattle Legislative Department sponsored this evaluation to address questions about the appropriateness of targeting DWLS 3 drivers of the Impound Law, as well as the specific and general deterrence impact of the legislation. The current study utilized existing (and often limited) databases, including arrests and citations, court filing charges, impounds, accidents, and license suspensions. Seattle drivers were compared to drivers in Federal Way and Yakima. Results of this study should be of interest to policymakers and researchers looking for ways to increase public safety through innovative penalties for driving-related offenses. Title: Evaluation of the Impact of Seattle's DWLS Vehicle Impound Law Author: Hickman, Laura J., Fain, Terry, Ridgeway, Greg, Turner, Susan, Lockwood, J. R., Raymond, Barbara Year: 2003 In recent years, a number of jurisdictions have sought to strengthen rules and regulations for promoting safe driving. Some have authorized impounding vehicles operated by individuals driving with a suspended license. In 1998, the City of Seattle passed such an ordinance, and it was implemented on January 1, 1999. Some critics of Seattle’s Impound Law contend that targeting DWLS drivers whose licenses are suspended for comparably minor offenses (called DWLS 3 drivers) is overly harsh, contending they are not significantly more dangerous than validly licensed drivers. Supporters of the law contend that more stringent actions against DWLS 3 drivers could help reduce accidents and injuries by removing more unsafe drivers from the roads. The City of Seattle Legislative Department sponsored this evaluation to address questions about the appropriateness of targeting DWLS 3 drivers of the Impound Law, as well as the specific and general deterrence impact of the legislation. The current study utilized existing (and often limited) databases, including arrests and citations, court filing charges, impounds, accidents, and license suspensions. Seattle drivers were compared to drivers in Federal Way and Yakima. Results of this study should be of interest to policymakers and researchers looking for ways to increase public safety through innovative penalties for driving-related offenses. Close

• 8. [Article] National Evaluation of Safe Start Promising Approaches: Assessing Program Implementation

  Children's exposure to violence (CEV) — including direct child maltreatment, witnessing domestic violence, and witnessing community and school violence — can have serious consequences, including a variety ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: National Evaluation of Safe Start Promising Approaches: Assessing Program Implementation Author: Schultz, Dana, Jaycox, Lisa, Hickman, Laura J., Chandra, Anita, Barnes-Proby, Dionne, Acosta, Joie D., Beckman, Alice, Francois, Taria, Honess-Morreale, Lauren Year: 2010 Children's exposure to violence (CEV) — including direct child maltreatment, witnessing domestic violence, and witnessing community and school violence — can have serious consequences, including a variety of psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. Fortunately, research has shown that interventions for CEV can substantially improve children's chances of future social and psychological well-being. Safe Start Promising Approaches (SSPA) was the second phase of a planned four-phase initiative focusing on preventing and reducing the impact of CEV, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Justice's Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). OJJDP selected 15 program sites across the country that proposed a range of intervention approaches, focused on multiple types of violence, included variations in ages and age-appropriate practices, and would be implemented in different settings. Each site participated in a national evaluation, conducted by the RAND Corporation. The evaluation design involved three components: a process evaluation, an evaluation of training, and an outcomes evaluation. This report presents the results of the first two evaluations. It describes the program and community settings, interventions, and implementations of the 15 SSPA programs for the first two years of implementation (through March 2009), as well as the training evaluation results. Title: National Evaluation of Safe Start Promising Approaches: Assessing Program Implementation Author: Schultz, Dana, Jaycox, Lisa, Hickman, Laura J., Chandra, Anita, Barnes-Proby, Dionne, Acosta, Joie D., Beckman, Alice, Francois, Taria, Honess-Morreale, Lauren Year: 2010 Children's exposure to violence (CEV) — including direct child maltreatment, witnessing domestic violence, and witnessing community and school violence — can have serious consequences, including a variety of psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. Fortunately, research has shown that interventions for CEV can substantially improve children's chances of future social and psychological well-being. Safe Start Promising Approaches (SSPA) was the second phase of a planned four-phase initiative focusing on preventing and reducing the impact of CEV, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Justice's Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). OJJDP selected 15 program sites across the country that proposed a range of intervention approaches, focused on multiple types of violence, included variations in ages and age-appropriate practices, and would be implemented in different settings. Each site participated in a national evaluation, conducted by the RAND Corporation. The evaluation design involved three components: a process evaluation, an evaluation of training, and an outcomes evaluation. This report presents the results of the first two evaluations. It describes the program and community settings, interventions, and implementations of the 15 SSPA programs for the first two years of implementation (through March 2009), as well as the training evaluation results. Close

• 9. [Article] Race and the Decision to Seek the Death Penalty in Federal Cases

  This study examined the relationship between the federal government’s decision to seek the death penalty in a case and that case’s characteristics, including the defendant’s and victim’s races. This research ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Race and the Decision to Seek the Death Penalty in Federal Cases Author: Klein, Stephen P., Berk, Richard A., Hickman, Laura J. Year: 2006 This study examined the relationship between the federal government’s decision to seek the death penalty in a case and that case’s characteristics, including the defendant’s and victim’s races. This research began by identifying the types of data that would be appropriate and feasible to gather. Next, case characteristics were abstracted from Department of Justice Capital Case Unit (CCU) files. Defendant- and victim-race data were obtained from electronic files. Finally, three independent teams used these data to investigate whether charging decisions were related to defendant or victim race. The teams also examined whether these decisions were related to case characteristics and geographic area. There are large race effects in the raw data that are of concern. However, all three teams found that controlling for nonracial case characteristics eliminated these effects, and that these characteristics could predict the seek decision with 85 to 90 percent accuracy. These findings support the view that decisions to seek the death penalty were driven by heinousness of crimes rather than by race. Nevertheless, these findings are not definitive because of the difficulties in determining causation from statistical modeling of observational data. Title: Race and the Decision to Seek the Death Penalty in Federal Cases Author: Klein, Stephen P., Berk, Richard A., Hickman, Laura J. Year: 2006 This study examined the relationship between the federal government’s decision to seek the death penalty in a case and that case’s characteristics, including the defendant’s and victim’s races. This research began by identifying the types of data that would be appropriate and feasible to gather. Next, case characteristics were abstracted from Department of Justice Capital Case Unit (CCU) files. Defendant- and victim-race data were obtained from electronic files. Finally, three independent teams used these data to investigate whether charging decisions were related to defendant or victim race. The teams also examined whether these decisions were related to case characteristics and geographic area. There are large race effects in the raw data that are of concern. However, all three teams found that controlling for nonracial case characteristics eliminated these effects, and that these characteristics could predict the seek decision with 85 to 90 percent accuracy. These findings support the view that decisions to seek the death penalty were driven by heinousness of crimes rather than by race. Nevertheless, these findings are not definitive because of the difficulties in determining causation from statistical modeling of observational data. Close

• 10. [Article] National Evaluation of Safe Start Promising Approaches: Assessing Program Outcomes

  Safe Start Promising Approaches (SSPA) is the second phase of a planned four-phase initiative focusing on preventing and reducing the impact of children’s exposure to violence (CEV). This project was supported ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: National Evaluation of Safe Start Promising Approaches: Assessing Program Outcomes Author: Jaycox, Lisa, Hickman, Laura J., Schultz, Dana, Barnes-Proby, Dionne, Setodji, Claude, Kofner, Aaron, Harris, Racine, Acosta, Joie D. Year: 2011 Safe Start Promising Approaches (SSPA) is the second phase of a planned four-phase initiative focusing on preventing and reducing the impact of children’s exposure to violence (CEV). This project was supported by Grant Nos. 2005-JW-BX-0001 and 2009-IJ-CX-0072, awarded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. The RAND Corporation conducted the national evaluation of the SSPA phase of the initiative in collaboration with the national evaluation team: OJJDP, the Safe Start Center, the Association for the Study and Development of Communities (ASDC), and the 15 program sites. The evaluation design involved three components: an outcomes evaluation; a process evaluation, including a cost analysis; and an evaluation of training. This document provides the results of the outcomes evaluation, supplemented from the previous version of this report after funding was made available to analyze additional data collected at four of the original 15 sites. In the main body of this report we provide information on the designs of the studies, instruments used, data collection and cleaning, analytic methods, and an overview of the results across the 15 sites. In the appendixes, we provide a detailed description of the outcome evaluation conducted at each SSPA program, including a description of the enrollees, enrollment and retention, the amount and type of services received, and child and family-level outcomes over time. These results will be of interest to researchers, clinicians, practitioners, policymakers, community leaders, and others interested in evaluating and implementing programs for children exposed to violence. This research was conducted under the auspices of the Safety and Justice Program within RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (ISE) and under RAND Health’s Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Program. The mission of RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment is to improve the development, operation, use, and protection of society’s essential physical assets and natural resources and to enhance the related social assets of safety and security of individuals in transit and in their workplaces and communities. Safety and Justice Program research addresses occupational safety, transportation safety, food safety, and public safety—including violence, policing, corrections, substance abuse, and public integrity. Information about the Safety and Justice Program is available online (http://www.rand.org/ise/safety). RAND Health, a division within RAND, is one of the largest private health research groups in the world. The projects within RAND Health address a wide range of health care policy issues; the agenda emphasizes policy research that can improve the health of people around the world. This project was conducted within the RAND Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Program (HPDP). RAND HPDP addresses issues related to measuring healthy and unhealthy behaviors, examining the distribution of health behaviors across population subgroups, identifying what causes or influences such behaviors, and designing and evaluating interventions to improve health behaviors. A profile of the Health division, abstracts of its publications, and ordering information can be found at www.rand.org/health. Title: National Evaluation of Safe Start Promising Approaches: Assessing Program Outcomes Author: Jaycox, Lisa, Hickman, Laura J., Schultz, Dana, Barnes-Proby, Dionne, Setodji, Claude, Kofner, Aaron, Harris, Racine, Acosta, Joie D. Year: 2011 Safe Start Promising Approaches (SSPA) is the second phase of a planned four-phase initiative focusing on preventing and reducing the impact of children’s exposure to violence (CEV). This project was supported by Grant Nos. 2005-JW-BX-0001 and 2009-IJ-CX-0072, awarded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. The RAND Corporation conducted the national evaluation of the SSPA phase of the initiative in collaboration with the national evaluation team: OJJDP, the Safe Start Center, the Association for the Study and Development of Communities (ASDC), and the 15 program sites. The evaluation design involved three components: an outcomes evaluation; a process evaluation, including a cost analysis; and an evaluation of training. This document provides the results of the outcomes evaluation, supplemented from the previous version of this report after funding was made available to analyze additional data collected at four of the original 15 sites. In the main body of this report we provide information on the designs of the studies, instruments used, data collection and cleaning, analytic methods, and an overview of the results across the 15 sites. In the appendixes, we provide a detailed description of the outcome evaluation conducted at each SSPA program, including a description of the enrollees, enrollment and retention, the amount and type of services received, and child and family-level outcomes over time. These results will be of interest to researchers, clinicians, practitioners, policymakers, community leaders, and others interested in evaluating and implementing programs for children exposed to violence. This research was conducted under the auspices of the Safety and Justice Program within RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (ISE) and under RAND Health’s Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Program. The mission of RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment is to improve the development, operation, use, and protection of society’s essential physical assets and natural resources and to enhance the related social assets of safety and security of individuals in transit and in their workplaces and communities. Safety and Justice Program research addresses occupational safety, transportation safety, food safety, and public safety—including violence, policing, corrections, substance abuse, and public integrity. Information about the Safety and Justice Program is available online (http://www.rand.org/ise/safety). RAND Health, a division within RAND, is one of the largest private health research groups in the world. The projects within RAND Health address a wide range of health care policy issues; the agenda emphasizes policy research that can improve the health of people around the world. This project was conducted within the RAND Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Program (HPDP). RAND HPDP addresses issues related to measuring healthy and unhealthy behaviors, examining the distribution of health behaviors across population subgroups, identifying what causes or influences such behaviors, and designing and evaluating interventions to improve health behaviors. A profile of the Health division, abstracts of its publications, and ordering information can be found at www.rand.org/health. Close