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• 1. [Article] Effects of Current Hatchery Practices on Salmon Odor Recognition and Responses

  Salmon hatcheries have been utilized throughout the Pacific Northwest for many decades to mitigate losses, supplement natural spawning populations, and to provide tribal, sport and commercial fishing opportunities. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of Current Hatchery Practices on Salmon Odor Recognition and Responses Author: Lemanski, Joseph R. Salmon hatcheries have been utilized throughout the Pacific Northwest for many decades to mitigate losses, supplement natural spawning populations, and to provide tribal, sport and commercial fishing opportunities. Currently, there is substantial debate on their efficacy and the potential threats hatchery-reared salmonids pose to natural populations. These concerns have lead to a large body of scientific investigation. The potential impacts hatchery-reared salmon may have on natural spawning populations can take many forms, such as competition, predation, and genetic introgression. Many of these issues arise from straying of hatchery-reared salmon from target return locations into areas where naturally spawning populations of salmon occur. In my thesis, I considered two questions related to hatchery practices and straying of hatchery-reared salmon. First, I addressed whether exposure to unfamiliar conspecifics during incubation (embryonic development) affects the population recognition responses of emergent steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). I then examined whether dissolved free amino acids (DFAAs, chemicals believed to be important for natal stream identification in salmonids) are significantly altered as water sourced from a river passes through a salmon hatchery. The results of my first study suggested that newly emergent steelhead showed no preference for water conditioned by either familiar (fish from the same population) or unfamiliar (fish from geographically separate population) populations. These results suggest that exposure to unfamiliar or unrelated population specific odors during incubation in a hatchery may not have any significant effects on population recognition responses. The data from my second study suggested that both hatchery and river water DFAA profiles are very similar. I hypothesize that straying observed in hatchery-reared salmon may be due in part to a lack of a unique, distinguishable odor profile that hatchery-reared salmon might use to differentiate between target return locations and other potential spawning grounds. Title: Effects of Current Hatchery Practices on Salmon Odor Recognition and Responses Author: Lemanski, Joseph R. Salmon hatcheries have been utilized throughout the Pacific Northwest for many decades to mitigate losses, supplement natural spawning populations, and to provide tribal, sport and commercial fishing opportunities. Currently, there is substantial debate on their efficacy and the potential threats hatchery-reared salmonids pose to natural populations. These concerns have lead to a large body of scientific investigation. The potential impacts hatchery-reared salmon may have on natural spawning populations can take many forms, such as competition, predation, and genetic introgression. Many of these issues arise from straying of hatchery-reared salmon from target return locations into areas where naturally spawning populations of salmon occur. In my thesis, I considered two questions related to hatchery practices and straying of hatchery-reared salmon. First, I addressed whether exposure to unfamiliar conspecifics during incubation (embryonic development) affects the population recognition responses of emergent steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). I then examined whether dissolved free amino acids (DFAAs, chemicals believed to be important for natal stream identification in salmonids) are significantly altered as water sourced from a river passes through a salmon hatchery. The results of my first study suggested that newly emergent steelhead showed no preference for water conditioned by either familiar (fish from the same population) or unfamiliar (fish from geographically separate population) populations. These results suggest that exposure to unfamiliar or unrelated population specific odors during incubation in a hatchery may not have any significant effects on population recognition responses. The data from my second study suggested that both hatchery and river water DFAA profiles are very similar. I hypothesize that straying observed in hatchery-reared salmon may be due in part to a lack of a unique, distinguishable odor profile that hatchery-reared salmon might use to differentiate between target return locations and other potential spawning grounds. Close

• 2. [Image] Five species of western salmon

  	The first slide illustrates the five species of salmon as follows: a. King Salmon, also Quinnat, Chinook, or Tyee. It is the salmon of highest quality and value. The average weight ranges about 22 pounds, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Five species of western salmon Year: 1925 The first slide illustrates the five species of salmon as follows: a. King Salmon, also Quinnat, Chinook, or Tyee. It is the salmon of highest quality and value. The average weight ranges about 22 pounds, but may reach as high as 70 pounds or even eighty. It is typical of the Columbia River, but is also taken north and south of that stream. b. Red Salmon, or Sockeye. This fish has a place second only to the Chinook, both in quality and commercial value. In weight the average is considerably less than that of the Chinook, but the flesh is bright red and of excellent flavor. This variety is typical of Puget Sound but is taken both north and south of that region. c. Silver Salmon. This is also a splendid food fish. Its flesh varies from pink to red and by many is considered equal in quality to the Red Salmon. The Silver Salmon is typical of the rivers of the state other than the Columbia. During some seasons the Siuslaw, Umpqua and other rivers of the state have large quantities of this species. At such times many car loads of iced salmon are shipped from towns along these rivers. Some are being shipped directly to the Atlantic coast markets. d. "Chum" or "Keta". This variety was called for many years dog salmon and is yet known to many by that name. It was formerly considered a very inferior species and was seldom used either as a fresh product or for canning. The prejudice against it was largely due to the name, and to the pale color of its flesh. The prejudice has been rapidly decreasing since this species has been found to be a really good food fish, and during recent years. It has furnished fully one-fifth of the Pacific coast pack. e. The fifth salmon is known as the Humpback. It is of smaller size than the Dog Salmon, and like the latter is of the white variety, poor food when fresh and of inferior quality when canned. It is little used as a commercial product. Beside these five species of true salmon there is another commonly known as the Steelhead Salmon. It belongs to a different genus from the above mentioned forms but plays a very important part in the fishing industry of the state. It is considered an excellent food fish and is used freely by the canners, often under the name of the true salmon. The Steelhead is really a trout, ascending the rivers to spawn, but returning to the sea again. From a biological point of view, our Pacific Coast salmon are among the most remarkable fishes known; remarkable because so little is known of the fish while in the sea. The greater part of their life is therefore shrouded in mystery. The following facts are, however, well known: Fact 1. That the salmon ascend the rivers to spawn, some species going but a few miles from brackish waters while others travel hundreds of miles from the sea, in fact into the very small streams, pushing as far as fish of this size can swim. Spawning grounds are almost invariably in the cold fresh waters fed from lakes, springs, and mountain snows. Fact 2. During the ascent of the rivers the salmon do not take any food. As a result, their digestive organization becomes shrunken and functionless. Fact 3. The adult salmon after spawning all die. None of them live to get back to the sea. Fact 4. The young hatched in the small streams may in some species make their way down to the sea the same season; in others they remain in fresh water until the next year. Fact 5. A period of years is spent in the ocean, probably from three to five, depending upon the species. During this time practically nothing is known of their habits. Title: Five species of western salmon Year: 1925 The first slide illustrates the five species of salmon as follows: a. King Salmon, also Quinnat, Chinook, or Tyee. It is the salmon of highest quality and value. The average weight ranges about 22 pounds, but may reach as high as 70 pounds or even eighty. It is typical of the Columbia River, but is also taken north and south of that stream. b. Red Salmon, or Sockeye. This fish has a place second only to the Chinook, both in quality and commercial value. In weight the average is considerably less than that of the Chinook, but the flesh is bright red and of excellent flavor. This variety is typical of Puget Sound but is taken both north and south of that region. c. Silver Salmon. This is also a splendid food fish. Its flesh varies from pink to red and by many is considered equal in quality to the Red Salmon. The Silver Salmon is typical of the rivers of the state other than the Columbia. During some seasons the Siuslaw, Umpqua and other rivers of the state have large quantities of this species. At such times many car loads of iced salmon are shipped from towns along these rivers. Some are being shipped directly to the Atlantic coast markets. d. "Chum" or "Keta". This variety was called for many years dog salmon and is yet known to many by that name. It was formerly considered a very inferior species and was seldom used either as a fresh product or for canning. The prejudice against it was largely due to the name, and to the pale color of its flesh. The prejudice has been rapidly decreasing since this species has been found to be a really good food fish, and during recent years. It has furnished fully one-fifth of the Pacific coast pack. e. The fifth salmon is known as the Humpback. It is of smaller size than the Dog Salmon, and like the latter is of the white variety, poor food when fresh and of inferior quality when canned. It is little used as a commercial product. Beside these five species of true salmon there is another commonly known as the Steelhead Salmon. It belongs to a different genus from the above mentioned forms but plays a very important part in the fishing industry of the state. It is considered an excellent food fish and is used freely by the canners, often under the name of the true salmon. The Steelhead is really a trout, ascending the rivers to spawn, but returning to the sea again. From a biological point of view, our Pacific Coast salmon are among the most remarkable fishes known; remarkable because so little is known of the fish while in the sea. The greater part of their life is therefore shrouded in mystery. The following facts are, however, well known: Fact 1. That the salmon ascend the rivers to spawn, some species going but a few miles from brackish waters while others travel hundreds of miles from the sea, in fact into the very small streams, pushing as far as fish of this size can swim. Spawning grounds are almost invariably in the cold fresh waters fed from lakes, springs, and mountain snows. Fact 2. During the ascent of the rivers the salmon do not take any food. As a result, their digestive organization becomes shrunken and functionless. Fact 3. The adult salmon after spawning all die. None of them live to get back to the sea. Fact 4. The young hatched in the small streams may in some species make their way down to the sea the same season; in others they remain in fresh water until the next year. Fact 5. A period of years is spent in the ocean, probably from three to five, depending upon the species. During this time practically nothing is known of their habits. Close

• 3. [Image] The trout and salmon of the Pacific coast

  	This article is an overview of the variety of trout and salmon that are found in Oregon and Washington states.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The trout and salmon of the Pacific coast Author: Jordan, David Starr Year: 1906, 2005, 2004 This article is an overview of the variety of trout and salmon that are found in Oregon and Washington states. Title: The trout and salmon of the Pacific coast Author: Jordan, David Starr Year: 1906, 2005, 2004 This article is an overview of the variety of trout and salmon that are found in Oregon and Washington states. Close

• 4. [Image] Salmon of the Klamath river, California : 1. The salmon and the fishery of Klamath river. 2. A report on the 1930 catch of king salmon in Klamath river

  	CONTENTS PAGE I. THE SALMON AND THE FISHERY OF KLAMATH RIVER 2695 Introduction 2697 General Characteristics of Klamath River Salmon 2699 Species Other Than King Salmon 26916 The Spring Migration (Immigration) ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Salmon of the Klamath river, California : 1. The salmon and the fishery of Klamath river. 2. A report on the 1930 catch of king salmon in Klamath river Author: Snyder, John Otterbein Year: 1931, 2005 CONTENTS PAGE I. THE SALMON AND THE FISHERY OF KLAMATH RIVER 2695 Introduction 2697 General Characteristics of Klamath River Salmon 2699 Species Other Than King Salmon 26916 The Spring Migration (Immigration) 26918 The Summer Migration (Immigration) 26923 Sex Representation in the Migration 26933 Fish Increase in Average Weight and Size as the Season Advances 26939 Angling for Salmon 26943 Seaward Migration (Emigration) 26944 Obstructions in the River 26950 The Age at Maturity of Klamath King Salmon 26952 Marking Experiments 26967 Experiment in 1916 26968 Experiment in 1918 26968 Experiment in 1919 26968 Experiment in 1920 26968 Experiment in 1922 (Sacramento River) 26971 Experiment in 1922 (Klamath River) 26972 Experiment in 1923-1924 269 143 Ocean Tagging 26980 Depletion 26981 Notes Relating to the Salmon Catch of Klamath River 26988 The Ocean Catch 26992 Age Characteristics of the Ocean Catch 269108 Artificial Propagation in Klamath River 269111 Summary 18 269119 II. A REPORT ON THE 1930 CATCH OF KING SALMON IN KLAMATH RIVER 1823 Title: Salmon of the Klamath river, California : 1. The salmon and the fishery of Klamath river. 2. A report on the 1930 catch of king salmon in Klamath river Author: Snyder, John Otterbein Year: 1931, 2005 CONTENTS PAGE I. THE SALMON AND THE FISHERY OF KLAMATH RIVER 2695 Introduction 2697 General Characteristics of Klamath River Salmon 2699 Species Other Than King Salmon 26916 The Spring Migration (Immigration) 26918 The Summer Migration (Immigration) 26923 Sex Representation in the Migration 26933 Fish Increase in Average Weight and Size as the Season Advances 26939 Angling for Salmon 26943 Seaward Migration (Emigration) 26944 Obstructions in the River 26950 The Age at Maturity of Klamath King Salmon 26952 Marking Experiments 26967 Experiment in 1916 26968 Experiment in 1918 26968 Experiment in 1919 26968 Experiment in 1920 26968 Experiment in 1922 (Sacramento River) 26971 Experiment in 1922 (Klamath River) 26972 Experiment in 1923-1924 269 143 Ocean Tagging 26980 Depletion 26981 Notes Relating to the Salmon Catch of Klamath River 26988 The Ocean Catch 26992 Age Characteristics of the Ocean Catch 269108 Artificial Propagation in Klamath River 269111 Summary 18 269119 II. A REPORT ON THE 1930 CATCH OF KING SALMON IN KLAMATH RIVER 1823 Close