Search

Search Results

• 1. [Image] Fishing on the Columbia River

  	During the spring and summer, bar fishing is not an uncommon method of taking salmon in the Columbia River near its mouth and along the ocean beaches. Long seines are lowered some distance from shore and ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishing on the Columbia River Year: 1925 During the spring and summer, bar fishing is not an uncommon method of taking salmon in the Columbia River near its mouth and along the ocean beaches. Long seines are lowered some distance from shore and dragged in on the beach. This is a very profitable way of fishing when the salmon run is at its height. Teams of horses are often used to haul the nets in. Title: Fishing on the Columbia River Year: 1925 During the spring and summer, bar fishing is not an uncommon method of taking salmon in the Columbia River near its mouth and along the ocean beaches. Long seines are lowered some distance from shore and dragged in on the beach. This is a very profitable way of fishing when the salmon run is at its height. Teams of horses are often used to haul the nets in. Close

• 2. [Image] Editorial discussing effects of proposed Willamette River dams on salmon runs

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Editorial discussing effects of proposed Willamette River dams on salmon runs Author: Field & Stream; Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1939 Title: Editorial discussing effects of proposed Willamette River dams on salmon runs Author: Field & Stream; Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953 Year: 1939 Close

• 3. [Image] Article discussing Columbia River salmon runs

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Article discussing Columbia River salmon runs Author: Oregon Journal (Firm); Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Averill, Edgar F., 1881-1955 Year: 1939 Title: Article discussing Columbia River salmon runs Author: Oregon Journal (Firm); Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Averill, Edgar F., 1881-1955 Year: 1939 Close

• 4. [Image] Wild Animal Outposts

  	Includes footage of salmon fishing and fish counts. Includes title panels "The story of the Bering Sea Expedition, led by Campbell Church and William L. Finley, under the auspices of the American Nature ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wild Animal Outposts Year: 1926 Includes footage of salmon fishing and fish counts. Includes title panels "The story of the Bering Sea Expedition, led by Campbell Church and William L. Finley, under the auspices of the American Nature Association and the Bureau of Fisheries of the United States Department of Commerce"; "Smaller craft for cruising rivers and lakes"; "Buffy joins the expedition" [a water bird]; "A salmon cannery at the head of the bay"; "Food for a nation in a salmon trap"; "The future of the salmon crop is guarded by the United States Bureau of Fisheries"; and "On up the river with the salmon run." Title: Wild Animal Outposts Year: 1926 Includes footage of salmon fishing and fish counts. Includes title panels "The story of the Bering Sea Expedition, led by Campbell Church and William L. Finley, under the auspices of the American Nature Association and the Bureau of Fisheries of the United States Department of Commerce"; "Smaller craft for cruising rivers and lakes"; "Buffy joins the expedition" [a water bird]; "A salmon cannery at the head of the bay"; "Food for a nation in a salmon trap"; "The future of the salmon crop is guarded by the United States Bureau of Fisheries"; and "On up the river with the salmon run." Close

• 5. [Image] "Iron chink" in operation

  	This slide represents a catch of salmon on the floor of the cannery. In the larger and more modern plants very specialized machinery is used. The first machine through which the salmon are run is the "iron ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "Iron chink" in operation Year: 1925 This slide represents a catch of salmon on the floor of the cannery. In the larger and more modern plants very specialized machinery is used. The first machine through which the salmon are run is the "iron chink". This removes the head and the fins and opens and cleans the fish. The work is done very rapidly and quite completely. The cleaning, however, must usually be completed by hand, which process removes clotted blood and other waste material. Title: "Iron chink" in operation Year: 1925 This slide represents a catch of salmon on the floor of the cannery. In the larger and more modern plants very specialized machinery is used. The first machine through which the salmon are run is the "iron chink". This removes the head and the fins and opens and cleans the fish. The work is done very rapidly and quite completely. The cleaning, however, must usually be completed by hand, which process removes clotted blood and other waste material. Close

• 6. [Image] Dragging in the nets - Fishing on the Columbia River, Oregon

  	More profitable means of taking salmon are found in the gill net, the purse seine, and the fish trap. The gill net is stretched partially across the channel of the river or run out in front of the fish ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Dragging in the nets - Fishing on the Columbia River, Oregon Year: 1925 More profitable means of taking salmon are found in the gill net, the purse seine, and the fish trap. The gill net is stretched partially across the channel of the river or run out in front of the fish as they are moving up stream. They become entangled in the meshes of the net, which holds them fast until they are hauled in. The purse seine is used extensively on large bodies of water, such as Puget Sound. A very long seine is used which is circled about a run of salmon and then drawn together at the bottom, is then hauled in. Title: Dragging in the nets - Fishing on the Columbia River, Oregon Year: 1925 More profitable means of taking salmon are found in the gill net, the purse seine, and the fish trap. The gill net is stretched partially across the channel of the river or run out in front of the fish as they are moving up stream. They become entangled in the meshes of the net, which holds them fast until they are hauled in. The purse seine is used extensively on large bodies of water, such as Puget Sound. A very long seine is used which is circled about a run of salmon and then drawn together at the bottom, is then hauled in. Close

• 7. [Article] Proposed regional general permit for stream restoration : programmatic biological opinion

  On April 7, 2000, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) received a request from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District (COE) for Endangered Species Act (ESA) section 7 formal consultation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Proposed regional general permit for stream restoration : programmatic biological opinion On April 7, 2000, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) received a request from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District (COE) for Endangered Species Act (ESA) section 7 formal consultation for programmatic coverage for a proposed Regional General Permit (RGP) for certain stream restoration activities (habitat restoration using large wood or boulders throughout the State of Oregon) requiring COE approval. The Biological Assessment (BA) provided with the request determined that the proposed activities covered under the RGP would be likely to adversely affect anadromous fish species listed under the ESA (Table 1). Species considered in this Biological Opinion (Opinion) are: Snake River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka); Snake River spring /summer chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha); Snake River fall chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha); Lower Columbia River steelhead (O. mykiss); Upper Columbia River steelhead (O. mykiss); Snake River steelhead (O. mykiss); Upper Willamette River steelhead (O. mykiss); Middle Columbia River steelhead (O. mykiss); Columbia River chum salmon (O. keta); Lower Columbia River chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha); Upper Willamette River chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha); Upper Columbia River spring run chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha); S. Oregon/N. California Coast coho salmon (O. kisutch); and Oregon Coast coho salmon (O. kisutch). On April 18, 2000, NMFS received a letter from COE providing additional information on proposed criteria to be included in the RGP. On May 12, 2000, NMFS received an e-mail with further proposed criteria to be included in the RGP. Title: Proposed regional general permit for stream restoration : programmatic biological opinion On April 7, 2000, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) received a request from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District (COE) for Endangered Species Act (ESA) section 7 formal consultation for programmatic coverage for a proposed Regional General Permit (RGP) for certain stream restoration activities (habitat restoration using large wood or boulders throughout the State of Oregon) requiring COE approval. The Biological Assessment (BA) provided with the request determined that the proposed activities covered under the RGP would be likely to adversely affect anadromous fish species listed under the ESA (Table 1). Species considered in this Biological Opinion (Opinion) are: Snake River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka); Snake River spring /summer chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha); Snake River fall chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha); Lower Columbia River steelhead (O. mykiss); Upper Columbia River steelhead (O. mykiss); Snake River steelhead (O. mykiss); Upper Willamette River steelhead (O. mykiss); Middle Columbia River steelhead (O. mykiss); Columbia River chum salmon (O. keta); Lower Columbia River chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha); Upper Willamette River chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha); Upper Columbia River spring run chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha); S. Oregon/N. California Coast coho salmon (O. kisutch); and Oregon Coast coho salmon (O. kisutch). On April 18, 2000, NMFS received a letter from COE providing additional information on proposed criteria to be included in the RGP. On May 12, 2000, NMFS received an e-mail with further proposed criteria to be included in the RGP. Close

• 8. [Article] Biological opinion on effects of issuance of license for McKenzie (Bigelow) Hydropower Project on Upper Willamette River chinook salmon, its proposed critical habitat, and bull trout

  On March 24, 1999, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) published its final decision to list the Upper Willamette River evolutionarily significant unit (ESU) of chinook salmon as threatened under ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biological opinion on effects of issuance of license for McKenzie (Bigelow) Hydropower Project on Upper Willamette River chinook salmon, its proposed critical habitat, and bull trout On March 24, 1999, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) published its final decision to list the Upper Willamette River evolutionarily significant unit (ESU) of chinook salmon as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The effective date for the final listing was May 24, 1999, and the ESU is defined as 'all naturally spawned populations of spring-run chinook salmon residing below impassable natural barriers' (64 FR 14308). Critical habitat for this ESU was proposed on March 9, 1998 (63 FR 11482), and this proposed designation is still pending at the time of this Biological Opinion. Upper Willamette River chinook salmon occur within the action area of this consultation. The Upper Willamette River steelhead ESU was listed as threatened under the ESA (64 FR 14517; March 25, 1999) simultaneously with Upper Willamette River chinook salmon, but its range does not include the action area for this consultation 1 , and it is not addressed in this Biological Opinion. The objective of this Biological Opinion is to address the effects of providing a license to operate the McKenzie project, as proposed by FERC, on listed UW chinook salmon and bull trout, and to determine if this federal action by FERC will jeopardize the continued existence of either species. It will also serve as a conference opinion on the effects of the proposed action on proposed UW chinook salmon critical habitat. Until FERC issues a license for the McKenzie project incorporating the reasonable and prudent measures of this Biological Opinion, the existing project has no authorization for take of listed species Title: Biological opinion on effects of issuance of license for McKenzie (Bigelow) Hydropower Project on Upper Willamette River chinook salmon, its proposed critical habitat, and bull trout On March 24, 1999, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) published its final decision to list the Upper Willamette River evolutionarily significant unit (ESU) of chinook salmon as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The effective date for the final listing was May 24, 1999, and the ESU is defined as 'all naturally spawned populations of spring-run chinook salmon residing below impassable natural barriers' (64 FR 14308). Critical habitat for this ESU was proposed on March 9, 1998 (63 FR 11482), and this proposed designation is still pending at the time of this Biological Opinion. Upper Willamette River chinook salmon occur within the action area of this consultation. The Upper Willamette River steelhead ESU was listed as threatened under the ESA (64 FR 14517; March 25, 1999) simultaneously with Upper Willamette River chinook salmon, but its range does not include the action area for this consultation 1 , and it is not addressed in this Biological Opinion. The objective of this Biological Opinion is to address the effects of providing a license to operate the McKenzie project, as proposed by FERC, on listed UW chinook salmon and bull trout, and to determine if this federal action by FERC will jeopardize the continued existence of either species. It will also serve as a conference opinion on the effects of the proposed action on proposed UW chinook salmon critical habitat. Until FERC issues a license for the McKenzie project incorporating the reasonable and prudent measures of this Biological Opinion, the existing project has no authorization for take of listed species Close

• 9. [Image] The trout and salmon of the Pacific coast

  	This article is an overview of the variety of trout and salmon that are found in Oregon and Washington states.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The trout and salmon of the Pacific coast Author: Jordan, David Starr Year: 1906, 2005, 2004 This article is an overview of the variety of trout and salmon that are found in Oregon and Washington states. Title: The trout and salmon of the Pacific coast Author: Jordan, David Starr Year: 1906, 2005, 2004 This article is an overview of the variety of trout and salmon that are found in Oregon and Washington states. Close

• 10. [Image] Salmon of the Klamath river, California : 1. The salmon and the fishery of Klamath river. 2. A report on the 1930 catch of king salmon in Klamath river

  	CONTENTS PAGE I. THE SALMON AND THE FISHERY OF KLAMATH RIVER 2695 Introduction 2697 General Characteristics of Klamath River Salmon 2699 Species Other Than King Salmon 26916 The Spring Migration (Immigration) ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Salmon of the Klamath river, California : 1. The salmon and the fishery of Klamath river. 2. A report on the 1930 catch of king salmon in Klamath river Author: Snyder, John Otterbein Year: 1931, 2005 CONTENTS PAGE I. THE SALMON AND THE FISHERY OF KLAMATH RIVER 2695 Introduction 2697 General Characteristics of Klamath River Salmon 2699 Species Other Than King Salmon 26916 The Spring Migration (Immigration) 26918 The Summer Migration (Immigration) 26923 Sex Representation in the Migration 26933 Fish Increase in Average Weight and Size as the Season Advances 26939 Angling for Salmon 26943 Seaward Migration (Emigration) 26944 Obstructions in the River 26950 The Age at Maturity of Klamath King Salmon 26952 Marking Experiments 26967 Experiment in 1916 26968 Experiment in 1918 26968 Experiment in 1919 26968 Experiment in 1920 26968 Experiment in 1922 (Sacramento River) 26971 Experiment in 1922 (Klamath River) 26972 Experiment in 1923-1924 269 143 Ocean Tagging 26980 Depletion 26981 Notes Relating to the Salmon Catch of Klamath River 26988 The Ocean Catch 26992 Age Characteristics of the Ocean Catch 269108 Artificial Propagation in Klamath River 269111 Summary 18 269119 II. A REPORT ON THE 1930 CATCH OF KING SALMON IN KLAMATH RIVER 1823 Title: Salmon of the Klamath river, California : 1. The salmon and the fishery of Klamath river. 2. A report on the 1930 catch of king salmon in Klamath river Author: Snyder, John Otterbein Year: 1931, 2005 CONTENTS PAGE I. THE SALMON AND THE FISHERY OF KLAMATH RIVER 2695 Introduction 2697 General Characteristics of Klamath River Salmon 2699 Species Other Than King Salmon 26916 The Spring Migration (Immigration) 26918 The Summer Migration (Immigration) 26923 Sex Representation in the Migration 26933 Fish Increase in Average Weight and Size as the Season Advances 26939 Angling for Salmon 26943 Seaward Migration (Emigration) 26944 Obstructions in the River 26950 The Age at Maturity of Klamath King Salmon 26952 Marking Experiments 26967 Experiment in 1916 26968 Experiment in 1918 26968 Experiment in 1919 26968 Experiment in 1920 26968 Experiment in 1922 (Sacramento River) 26971 Experiment in 1922 (Klamath River) 26972 Experiment in 1923-1924 269 143 Ocean Tagging 26980 Depletion 26981 Notes Relating to the Salmon Catch of Klamath River 26988 The Ocean Catch 26992 Age Characteristics of the Ocean Catch 269108 Artificial Propagation in Klamath River 269111 Summary 18 269119 II. A REPORT ON THE 1930 CATCH OF KING SALMON IN KLAMATH RIVER 1823 Close

• 11. [Article] The US salmon market : demand characteristics and price linkage

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The US salmon market : demand characteristics and price linkage Author: Gordon, Daniel V., Clay, Patty L. Research Paper Title: The US salmon market : demand characteristics and price linkage Author: Gordon, Daniel V., Clay, Patty L. Research Paper Close

• 12. [Image] Some of the fisherman who supply the Astoria canneries, Columbia River

  	This is a typical scene showing a group of fishermen near the mouth of the Columbia. The salmon fishing season is comparatively short and the efforts of the fisherman are exceedingly strenuous during this ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Some of the fisherman who supply the Astoria canneries, Columbia River Year: 1925 This is a typical scene showing a group of fishermen near the mouth of the Columbia. The salmon fishing season is comparatively short and the efforts of the fisherman are exceedingly strenuous during this period. In the Columbia river the spring season for salmon opens May 1st. The principal run of the Chinook and Sockeye salmon is in the spring and summer. Other species run best in the fall, so that the season for the Silver Salmon in the smaller rivers of the state is in the autumn. The salmon when taken by net, trap or wheel, are usually transported to the cannery by boat. Title: Some of the fisherman who supply the Astoria canneries, Columbia River Year: 1925 This is a typical scene showing a group of fishermen near the mouth of the Columbia. The salmon fishing season is comparatively short and the efforts of the fisherman are exceedingly strenuous during this period. In the Columbia river the spring season for salmon opens May 1st. The principal run of the Chinook and Sockeye salmon is in the spring and summer. Other species run best in the fall, so that the season for the Silver Salmon in the smaller rivers of the state is in the autumn. The salmon when taken by net, trap or wheel, are usually transported to the cannery by boat. Close

• 13. [Article] Price relationships between domestic wild salmon, aquacultured rainbow trout and Norwegian farmed salmon in Finland

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Price relationships between domestic wild salmon, aquacultured rainbow trout and Norwegian farmed salmon in Finland Author: Mickwitz, Per Research Paper Title: Price relationships between domestic wild salmon, aquacultured rainbow trout and Norwegian farmed salmon in Finland Author: Mickwitz, Per Research Paper Close

• 14. [Image] Canned salmon

  	This slide shows a view of the warehouse with thousands of stored salmon tins. The cans are lacquered as soon as possible. This is also done by a machine through which the cans are run, coating them with ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Canned salmon Year: 1925 This slide shows a view of the warehouse with thousands of stored salmon tins. The cans are lacquered as soon as possible. This is also done by a machine through which the cans are run, coating them with a thin layer of lacquer which prevents rusting while stacked in the warehouse or on the shelves of the retail merchant. The final process is the labeling, which in the larger canneries is done by a labeling machine. The cans are run by belt through paste and the labels are rolled on the cans are dumped out as fast as two men can carry them away. Some canneries are provided with a weighing machine for the final testing of the finished product. The scales are very delicate, tripping off to one side the cans that are even very slightly under weight. These must be properly labeled as under weight and not sold with the general standard weight lot. Before shipment the cans must be crated. The cases or boxes in which the cans are packed for shipment come to the canneries knocked down and must be assembled and nailed. In the best grade of salmon the cans are often wrapped in paper by hand before packing in the cases, as shown by the slide. Title: Canned salmon Year: 1925 This slide shows a view of the warehouse with thousands of stored salmon tins. The cans are lacquered as soon as possible. This is also done by a machine through which the cans are run, coating them with a thin layer of lacquer which prevents rusting while stacked in the warehouse or on the shelves of the retail merchant. The final process is the labeling, which in the larger canneries is done by a labeling machine. The cans are run by belt through paste and the labels are rolled on the cans are dumped out as fast as two men can carry them away. Some canneries are provided with a weighing machine for the final testing of the finished product. The scales are very delicate, tripping off to one side the cans that are even very slightly under weight. These must be properly labeled as under weight and not sold with the general standard weight lot. Before shipment the cans must be crated. The cases or boxes in which the cans are packed for shipment come to the canneries knocked down and must be assembled and nailed. In the best grade of salmon the cans are often wrapped in paper by hand before packing in the cases, as shown by the slide. Close

• 15. [Article] Innate and adaptive immune responses in migrating spring-run adult chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Innate and adaptive immune responses in migrating spring-run adult chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Author: Schreck, Carl B., Kent, Michael L., Dolan, Brian P., Colvin, Michael E., Fisher, Kathleen M., Benda, Susan E., Peterson, James T. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/fish-and-shellfish-immunology/ Title: Innate and adaptive immune responses in migrating spring-run adult chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Author: Schreck, Carl B., Kent, Michael L., Dolan, Brian P., Colvin, Michael E., Fisher, Kathleen M., Benda, Susan E., Peterson, James T. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/fish-and-shellfish-immunology/ Close

• 16. [Image] Interior of a salmon canning establishment, Astoria, Oregon

  	This shows the actual canning. Women are largely employed in the canneries for this particular part of the work. They become very skillful and are able to make very good wages, the sum usually depending ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interior of a salmon canning establishment, Astoria, Oregon Year: 1925 This shows the actual canning. Women are largely employed in the canneries for this particular part of the work. They become very skillful and are able to make very good wages, the sum usually depending upon the number of crates they are able to fill per day. Tests for weight are made while the cans are being filled and if any are found under weight they must be refilled. The lidding process follows. Some years ago the lids were placed by hand, then the cans run over a belt through a machine which soldered the lids. In late years most of the canneries have been provided with a new machine which entirely eliminates the soldering process. The lids are placed and crimped on automatically by one stroke of this machine. It is a most remarkable labor saving device, doing the work much more quickly and efficiently than the old soldering method. The cans are then stacked in crates and placed in a retort heated to the proper temperature. This drives the excess water and gases from the flesh, but the temperature is not hot enough to drive off the rich oils. The lids are then punctured and after the water and gas are freed the small holes are soldered and the cans again placed in a retort and the cooking process takes place. After cooking, the cans are cooled and stacked in the warehouse to await the lacquering, labeling and boxing for shipment. Title: Interior of a salmon canning establishment, Astoria, Oregon Year: 1925 This shows the actual canning. Women are largely employed in the canneries for this particular part of the work. They become very skillful and are able to make very good wages, the sum usually depending upon the number of crates they are able to fill per day. Tests for weight are made while the cans are being filled and if any are found under weight they must be refilled. The lidding process follows. Some years ago the lids were placed by hand, then the cans run over a belt through a machine which soldered the lids. In late years most of the canneries have been provided with a new machine which entirely eliminates the soldering process. The lids are placed and crimped on automatically by one stroke of this machine. It is a most remarkable labor saving device, doing the work much more quickly and efficiently than the old soldering method. The cans are then stacked in crates and placed in a retort heated to the proper temperature. This drives the excess water and gases from the flesh, but the temperature is not hot enough to drive off the rich oils. The lids are then punctured and after the water and gas are freed the small holes are soldered and the cans again placed in a retort and the cooking process takes place. After cooking, the cans are cooled and stacked in the warehouse to await the lacquering, labeling and boxing for shipment. Close

• 17. [Article] Cumulative effects of land use on salmon habitat in southwest Oregon coastal streams

  As part of a hierarchical approach to classifying watersheds and stream habitats based on geomorphic and geologic criteria, we defined ten classes of fluvial and lacustrine habitats at the scale of valley ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cumulative effects of land use on salmon habitat in southwest Oregon coastal streams Author: Frissell, Christopher Andrew, 1960- As part of a hierarchical approach to classifying watersheds and stream habitats based on geomorphic and geologic criteria, we defined ten classes of fluvial and lacustrine habitats at the scale of valley segments. Valley segments are landscape units which encompass surface waters and the adjacent floodplains and hillslopes with which they interact over time frames of thousands of years. They form a large-scale template that constrains the character of aquatic habitat, controls the effects of disturbances in riparian areas, and mediates responses of streams to upland and upstream events. The regional distribution of valley segment types in southwest Oregon reflects bedrock geology and tectonic history of the landscape. Fluvial segment types differ in stream adjacent landforms, slope erosion processes, floodplain and valley morphology, channel slope, riparian vegetation, streambank texture, gravel bar morphology, and pool-forming features. Studies that do not carefully account for inherent differences between valley segment types could fail to detect critical changes in stream habitat caused by human disturbance. Alluvial valley and alluviated canyon segment types, which have extensive floodplains, low channel slopes, abundant woody debris, and ample gravel beds, are of greatest direct importance for salmon and other native fishes. Virtually all alluvial valleys in the study area have been heavily disturbed by logging, agriculture, and residential development. Alluviated canyon segments located in the few drainage basins where human activity has been limited probably serve as habitat refugia for the last diverse assemblages and productive populations of salmon in the region. Alluviated canyons in extensively-fogged basins exhibit increased abundance of large woody debris, fewer cross-channel debris jams, more extensive bank erosion, reduced pool area and increased riffle area, shallower riffles, and increased surface concentration of fine sediments in pools and other habitats, compared to similar segments in lesser-disturbed basins. These changes in channel morphology and stability appear to be driven by increased sediment load, caused by logging-related landslides and other erosion sources. Field studies in Sixes River basin indicated that abundance and diversity of salmonid fishes declines as maximum stream temperature increases. Changes in summer distribution of juvenile chinook and coho salmon since 1970 are related to changes In water temperature. Although some tributaries have cooled, a decline in rearing distribution in mainstem areas could be caused by long-term loss of channel complexity and associated coolwater refugia. Analysis of fish habitat structures constructed by federal and state agencies indicated that failure rates are high. Recovery of anadromous fish runs in southwest Oregon will require protection of remaining habitat refugia and reduction of sediment yield from disturbed watersheds. Title: Cumulative effects of land use on salmon habitat in southwest Oregon coastal streams Author: Frissell, Christopher Andrew, 1960- As part of a hierarchical approach to classifying watersheds and stream habitats based on geomorphic and geologic criteria, we defined ten classes of fluvial and lacustrine habitats at the scale of valley segments. Valley segments are landscape units which encompass surface waters and the adjacent floodplains and hillslopes with which they interact over time frames of thousands of years. They form a large-scale template that constrains the character of aquatic habitat, controls the effects of disturbances in riparian areas, and mediates responses of streams to upland and upstream events. The regional distribution of valley segment types in southwest Oregon reflects bedrock geology and tectonic history of the landscape. Fluvial segment types differ in stream adjacent landforms, slope erosion processes, floodplain and valley morphology, channel slope, riparian vegetation, streambank texture, gravel bar morphology, and pool-forming features. Studies that do not carefully account for inherent differences between valley segment types could fail to detect critical changes in stream habitat caused by human disturbance. Alluvial valley and alluviated canyon segment types, which have extensive floodplains, low channel slopes, abundant woody debris, and ample gravel beds, are of greatest direct importance for salmon and other native fishes. Virtually all alluvial valleys in the study area have been heavily disturbed by logging, agriculture, and residential development. Alluviated canyon segments located in the few drainage basins where human activity has been limited probably serve as habitat refugia for the last diverse assemblages and productive populations of salmon in the region. Alluviated canyons in extensively-fogged basins exhibit increased abundance of large woody debris, fewer cross-channel debris jams, more extensive bank erosion, reduced pool area and increased riffle area, shallower riffles, and increased surface concentration of fine sediments in pools and other habitats, compared to similar segments in lesser-disturbed basins. These changes in channel morphology and stability appear to be driven by increased sediment load, caused by logging-related landslides and other erosion sources. Field studies in Sixes River basin indicated that abundance and diversity of salmonid fishes declines as maximum stream temperature increases. Changes in summer distribution of juvenile chinook and coho salmon since 1970 are related to changes In water temperature. Although some tributaries have cooled, a decline in rearing distribution in mainstem areas could be caused by long-term loss of channel complexity and associated coolwater refugia. Analysis of fish habitat structures constructed by federal and state agencies indicated that failure rates are high. Recovery of anadromous fish runs in southwest Oregon will require protection of remaining habitat refugia and reduction of sediment yield from disturbed watersheds. Close