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• 11. [Article] Biennial report : Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds : 2003-2005 : Vol. 1

  The report summarizes basin level accomplishments and investments related to water quality improvements, fish recovery, and watershed health. The report also provides an overview of state agency actions and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biennial report : Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds : 2003-2005 : Vol. 1 Author: Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds The report summarizes basin level accomplishments and investments related to water quality improvements, fish recovery, and watershed health. The report also provides an overview of state agency actions and recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of the Oregon Plan. Title: Biennial report : Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds : 2003-2005 : Vol. 1 Author: Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds The report summarizes basin level accomplishments and investments related to water quality improvements, fish recovery, and watershed health. The report also provides an overview of state agency actions and recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of the Oregon Plan. Close

• 12. [Article] The Influence of Deep-Seated Landslides on Topographic Variability and Salmon Habitat in the Oregon Coast Range, USA

  A well-accepted idea in geomorphology is that landforms control the type and distribution of biological habitat. However, the linkages between geomorphology and ecology remain poorly understood. In rivers, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Influence of Deep-Seated Landslides on Topographic Variability and Salmon Habitat in the Oregon Coast Range, USA Author: Beeson, Helen Year: 2014 A well-accepted idea in geomorphology is that landforms control the type and distribution of biological habitat. However, the linkages between geomorphology and ecology remain poorly understood. In rivers, the geomorphic template controls the hydraulic environment, partly shaping the river ecosystem. But what processes shape the geomorphic template? Here, I examine how two hillslope processes dominant in the Oregon Coast Range, debris flows and deep-seated landslides, affect valley floor width and channel slope, key components of the geomorphic template in riverine ecosystems. I then investigate how patterns in potential salmon habitat differ between streams dominated by deep-seated landslides and streams dominated by debris flows. I show that terrain influenced by deep-seated landslides exhibits (1) valley widths that are more variable throughout the network but less locally variable, (2) more variable channel slopes, and (3) more potential salmon habitat as well as significantly more connectivity between habitat types. Title: The Influence of Deep-Seated Landslides on Topographic Variability and Salmon Habitat in the Oregon Coast Range, USA Author: Beeson, Helen Year: 2014 A well-accepted idea in geomorphology is that landforms control the type and distribution of biological habitat. However, the linkages between geomorphology and ecology remain poorly understood. In rivers, the geomorphic template controls the hydraulic environment, partly shaping the river ecosystem. But what processes shape the geomorphic template? Here, I examine how two hillslope processes dominant in the Oregon Coast Range, debris flows and deep-seated landslides, affect valley floor width and channel slope, key components of the geomorphic template in riverine ecosystems. I then investigate how patterns in potential salmon habitat differ between streams dominated by deep-seated landslides and streams dominated by debris flows. I show that terrain influenced by deep-seated landslides exhibits (1) valley widths that are more variable throughout the network but less locally variable, (2) more variable channel slopes, and (3) more potential salmon habitat as well as significantly more connectivity between habitat types. Close

• 13. [Article] Biological opinion on effects of issuance of license for McKenzie (Bigelow) Hydropower Project on Upper Willamette River chinook salmon, its proposed critical habitat, and bull trout

  On March 24, 1999, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) published its final decision to list the Upper Willamette River evolutionarily significant unit (ESU) of chinook salmon as threatened under ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biological opinion on effects of issuance of license for McKenzie (Bigelow) Hydropower Project on Upper Willamette River chinook salmon, its proposed critical habitat, and bull trout On March 24, 1999, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) published its final decision to list the Upper Willamette River evolutionarily significant unit (ESU) of chinook salmon as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The effective date for the final listing was May 24, 1999, and the ESU is defined as 'all naturally spawned populations of spring-run chinook salmon residing below impassable natural barriers' (64 FR 14308). Critical habitat for this ESU was proposed on March 9, 1998 (63 FR 11482), and this proposed designation is still pending at the time of this Biological Opinion. Upper Willamette River chinook salmon occur within the action area of this consultation. The Upper Willamette River steelhead ESU was listed as threatened under the ESA (64 FR 14517; March 25, 1999) simultaneously with Upper Willamette River chinook salmon, but its range does not include the action area for this consultation 1 , and it is not addressed in this Biological Opinion. The objective of this Biological Opinion is to address the effects of providing a license to operate the McKenzie project, as proposed by FERC, on listed UW chinook salmon and bull trout, and to determine if this federal action by FERC will jeopardize the continued existence of either species. It will also serve as a conference opinion on the effects of the proposed action on proposed UW chinook salmon critical habitat. Until FERC issues a license for the McKenzie project incorporating the reasonable and prudent measures of this Biological Opinion, the existing project has no authorization for take of listed species Title: Biological opinion on effects of issuance of license for McKenzie (Bigelow) Hydropower Project on Upper Willamette River chinook salmon, its proposed critical habitat, and bull trout On March 24, 1999, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) published its final decision to list the Upper Willamette River evolutionarily significant unit (ESU) of chinook salmon as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The effective date for the final listing was May 24, 1999, and the ESU is defined as 'all naturally spawned populations of spring-run chinook salmon residing below impassable natural barriers' (64 FR 14308). Critical habitat for this ESU was proposed on March 9, 1998 (63 FR 11482), and this proposed designation is still pending at the time of this Biological Opinion. Upper Willamette River chinook salmon occur within the action area of this consultation. The Upper Willamette River steelhead ESU was listed as threatened under the ESA (64 FR 14517; March 25, 1999) simultaneously with Upper Willamette River chinook salmon, but its range does not include the action area for this consultation 1 , and it is not addressed in this Biological Opinion. The objective of this Biological Opinion is to address the effects of providing a license to operate the McKenzie project, as proposed by FERC, on listed UW chinook salmon and bull trout, and to determine if this federal action by FERC will jeopardize the continued existence of either species. It will also serve as a conference opinion on the effects of the proposed action on proposed UW chinook salmon critical habitat. Until FERC issues a license for the McKenzie project incorporating the reasonable and prudent measures of this Biological Opinion, the existing project has no authorization for take of listed species Close

• 14. [Article] The Impact of Parasitic Copepod Salmincola Californiensis on Swimming Ability & Oxidative Burst Activity in Response to Stress in Juvenile Chinook Salmon

  Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) have a finite amount of energy that they can use to move from their riverine habitat to their oceanic habitat. Fish in the Willamette River Basin are ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Impact of Parasitic Copepod Salmincola Californiensis on Swimming Ability & Oxidative Burst Activity in Response to Stress in Juvenile Chinook Salmon Author: Herron-Seeley, Crystal L. Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) have a finite amount of energy that they can use to move from their riverine habitat to their oceanic habitat. Fish in the Willamette River Basin are prevented from moving to the ocean easily by dams which create reservoirs, where they reside for up to months. In this time period many juveniles become heavily infected with parasitic copepods (Salmincola californiensis) which are thought to be harmful. The physiologic impact copepods have on these juveniles was investigated by observing swimming endurance of copepod infected laboratory and naturally reared fish. Infected laboratory fish did not perform as well as uninfected laboratory fish. Naturally reared infected fish were unable to swim in the endurance challenge. Juvenile Chinook Salmon were subjected to a stress test in order to elicit a physiologic stress response. The creation of reactive oxygen species in splenic leukocytes were measured over the course of 23 hours to evaluate the effect of stress on oxidative burst activity. Three hours after the stressor had been applied, oxidative burst activity had increased. There was no indication that increases in oxidative burst activity due to stress would recover within 20 hours after the stress test. Findings in this thesis suggest that overall fitness of copepod infected and stressed fish is reduced. I speculate energy allotted towards accounting for the heavy burdens of copepods appears to be so great that there is little energy left for juvenile Chinook Salmon to successfully move to the ocean. Reallocating energy from maintenance and growth to copepod-induced allostatic burdens in individuals may hinder the Willamette River Basin Chinook Salmon population from shedding its Endangered status. . Title: The Impact of Parasitic Copepod Salmincola Californiensis on Swimming Ability & Oxidative Burst Activity in Response to Stress in Juvenile Chinook Salmon Author: Herron-Seeley, Crystal L. Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) have a finite amount of energy that they can use to move from their riverine habitat to their oceanic habitat. Fish in the Willamette River Basin are prevented from moving to the ocean easily by dams which create reservoirs, where they reside for up to months. In this time period many juveniles become heavily infected with parasitic copepods (Salmincola californiensis) which are thought to be harmful. The physiologic impact copepods have on these juveniles was investigated by observing swimming endurance of copepod infected laboratory and naturally reared fish. Infected laboratory fish did not perform as well as uninfected laboratory fish. Naturally reared infected fish were unable to swim in the endurance challenge. Juvenile Chinook Salmon were subjected to a stress test in order to elicit a physiologic stress response. The creation of reactive oxygen species in splenic leukocytes were measured over the course of 23 hours to evaluate the effect of stress on oxidative burst activity. Three hours after the stressor had been applied, oxidative burst activity had increased. There was no indication that increases in oxidative burst activity due to stress would recover within 20 hours after the stress test. Findings in this thesis suggest that overall fitness of copepod infected and stressed fish is reduced. I speculate energy allotted towards accounting for the heavy burdens of copepods appears to be so great that there is little energy left for juvenile Chinook Salmon to successfully move to the ocean. Reallocating energy from maintenance and growth to copepod-induced allostatic burdens in individuals may hinder the Willamette River Basin Chinook Salmon population from shedding its Endangered status. . Close

• 15. [Article] Biological and Conference Opinion : Bureau of Land Management Activities Affecting Oregon Coast Coho Salmon and Oregon Coast Steelhead

  The Coos Bay, Medford, and Roseburg Bureau of Land Management (BLM) District Offices submitted May 25 and June 20, 2000, letters requesting formal consultation for a number of proposed activities that ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biological and Conference Opinion : Bureau of Land Management Activities Affecting Oregon Coast Coho Salmon and Oregon Coast Steelhead The Coos Bay, Medford, and Roseburg Bureau of Land Management (BLM) District Offices submitted May 25 and June 20, 2000, letters requesting formal consultation for a number of proposed activities that were determined likely to adversely affect Oregon Coast (OC) coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and OC steelhead (O. mykiss). Biological assessments (BA) addressing potential affects to these species accompanied the May 25 and June 20, 2000, letters. The BAs describe the environmental baseline and effects of actions in the Umpqua River basin which may have short-term adverse effects on OC coho salmon and OC steelhead and their habitat, but which are expected to provide long-term beneficial effects. Title: Biological and Conference Opinion : Bureau of Land Management Activities Affecting Oregon Coast Coho Salmon and Oregon Coast Steelhead The Coos Bay, Medford, and Roseburg Bureau of Land Management (BLM) District Offices submitted May 25 and June 20, 2000, letters requesting formal consultation for a number of proposed activities that were determined likely to adversely affect Oregon Coast (OC) coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and OC steelhead (O. mykiss). Biological assessments (BA) addressing potential affects to these species accompanied the May 25 and June 20, 2000, letters. The BAs describe the environmental baseline and effects of actions in the Umpqua River basin which may have short-term adverse effects on OC coho salmon and OC steelhead and their habitat, but which are expected to provide long-term beneficial effects. Close

• 16. [Image] Shipping department of a salmon canning establishment, Astoria, Oregon

  	This shows the packing process going on in the warehouse. A standard case of salmon consists of forty-eight one-pound cans. Everyone recognizes that the best fishing grounds may be depleted of fish after ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Shipping department of a salmon canning establishment, Astoria, Oregon Year: 1925 This shows the packing process going on in the warehouse. A standard case of salmon consists of forty-eight one-pound cans. Everyone recognizes that the best fishing grounds may be depleted of fish after a period of time if they are not restocked. With the enormous consumption of salmon increasing each year it is easy to see that the salmon supply would in a few years become exhausted if it were not replenished either by natural or artificial propagation. It is well known that some other species of food fishes are becoming greatly reduced in numbers by constant fishing. In these cases natural propagation does not supply enough young, or not enough reach maturity to restore the species. Our government, both federal and state, has for a long time recognized the necessity of artificial propagation in assisting nature to replenish exhausted streams and lakes with fish. The federal government through the United States Bureau of Fisheries has established more than thirty hatcheries in different parts of the country and annually several billions of fishes are handled. Hatching and transplanting are carried on almost coninuously, stocking new waters or maintaining the supply by planting in streams already provided. Our own state has twelve fish stations and hatcheries. The hatchery at Bonneville is known as the Central Station, and is the largest and best equipped. Title: Shipping department of a salmon canning establishment, Astoria, Oregon Year: 1925 This shows the packing process going on in the warehouse. A standard case of salmon consists of forty-eight one-pound cans. Everyone recognizes that the best fishing grounds may be depleted of fish after a period of time if they are not restocked. With the enormous consumption of salmon increasing each year it is easy to see that the salmon supply would in a few years become exhausted if it were not replenished either by natural or artificial propagation. It is well known that some other species of food fishes are becoming greatly reduced in numbers by constant fishing. In these cases natural propagation does not supply enough young, or not enough reach maturity to restore the species. Our government, both federal and state, has for a long time recognized the necessity of artificial propagation in assisting nature to replenish exhausted streams and lakes with fish. The federal government through the United States Bureau of Fisheries has established more than thirty hatcheries in different parts of the country and annually several billions of fishes are handled. Hatching and transplanting are carried on almost coninuously, stocking new waters or maintaining the supply by planting in streams already provided. Our own state has twelve fish stations and hatcheries. The hatchery at Bonneville is known as the Central Station, and is the largest and best equipped. Close

• 17. [Article] Report and recommendations of salmon anchor habitat strategy work group

  The 2003 Oregon Legislature directed the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) to convene a citizen work group to review and evaluate the ODF Salmon Anchor Habitat Strategy for state forests in northwest ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Report and recommendations of salmon anchor habitat strategy work group Author: McCollister, Mark, Wilkeson, Ray, Hanneman, Paul, Westbrook, Helen, Moskowitz, Dave, Institute for Natural Resources, Griffith, John The 2003 Oregon Legislature directed the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) to convene a citizen work group to review and evaluate the ODF Salmon Anchor Habitat Strategy for state forests in northwest Oregon. In November, 2003 ODF contracted with the Institute for Natural Resources (INR) to support the SAH Work Group. INR designed and oversaw a process for the SAH Work Group that facilitated dialogue among interested parties, scientists, land management professionals, and policy makers. The goal was to illuminate the SAH policy, identify issues and develop recommendations while respecting the perspectives held by all parties. Title: Report and recommendations of salmon anchor habitat strategy work group Author: McCollister, Mark, Wilkeson, Ray, Hanneman, Paul, Westbrook, Helen, Moskowitz, Dave, Institute for Natural Resources, Griffith, John The 2003 Oregon Legislature directed the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) to convene a citizen work group to review and evaluate the ODF Salmon Anchor Habitat Strategy for state forests in northwest Oregon. In November, 2003 ODF contracted with the Institute for Natural Resources (INR) to support the SAH Work Group. INR designed and oversaw a process for the SAH Work Group that facilitated dialogue among interested parties, scientists, land management professionals, and policy makers. The goal was to illuminate the SAH policy, identify issues and develop recommendations while respecting the perspectives held by all parties. Close

• 18. [Article] Cumulative effects of land use on salmon habitat in southwest Oregon coastal streams

  As part of a hierarchical approach to classifying watersheds and stream habitats based on geomorphic and geologic criteria, we defined ten classes of fluvial and lacustrine habitats at the scale of valley ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cumulative effects of land use on salmon habitat in southwest Oregon coastal streams Author: Frissell, Christopher Andrew, 1960- As part of a hierarchical approach to classifying watersheds and stream habitats based on geomorphic and geologic criteria, we defined ten classes of fluvial and lacustrine habitats at the scale of valley segments. Valley segments are landscape units which encompass surface waters and the adjacent floodplains and hillslopes with which they interact over time frames of thousands of years. They form a large-scale template that constrains the character of aquatic habitat, controls the effects of disturbances in riparian areas, and mediates responses of streams to upland and upstream events. The regional distribution of valley segment types in southwest Oregon reflects bedrock geology and tectonic history of the landscape. Fluvial segment types differ in stream adjacent landforms, slope erosion processes, floodplain and valley morphology, channel slope, riparian vegetation, streambank texture, gravel bar morphology, and pool-forming features. Studies that do not carefully account for inherent differences between valley segment types could fail to detect critical changes in stream habitat caused by human disturbance. Alluvial valley and alluviated canyon segment types, which have extensive floodplains, low channel slopes, abundant woody debris, and ample gravel beds, are of greatest direct importance for salmon and other native fishes. Virtually all alluvial valleys in the study area have been heavily disturbed by logging, agriculture, and residential development. Alluviated canyon segments located in the few drainage basins where human activity has been limited probably serve as habitat refugia for the last diverse assemblages and productive populations of salmon in the region. Alluviated canyons in extensively-fogged basins exhibit increased abundance of large woody debris, fewer cross-channel debris jams, more extensive bank erosion, reduced pool area and increased riffle area, shallower riffles, and increased surface concentration of fine sediments in pools and other habitats, compared to similar segments in lesser-disturbed basins. These changes in channel morphology and stability appear to be driven by increased sediment load, caused by logging-related landslides and other erosion sources. Field studies in Sixes River basin indicated that abundance and diversity of salmonid fishes declines as maximum stream temperature increases. Changes in summer distribution of juvenile chinook and coho salmon since 1970 are related to changes In water temperature. Although some tributaries have cooled, a decline in rearing distribution in mainstem areas could be caused by long-term loss of channel complexity and associated coolwater refugia. Analysis of fish habitat structures constructed by federal and state agencies indicated that failure rates are high. Recovery of anadromous fish runs in southwest Oregon will require protection of remaining habitat refugia and reduction of sediment yield from disturbed watersheds. Title: Cumulative effects of land use on salmon habitat in southwest Oregon coastal streams Author: Frissell, Christopher Andrew, 1960- As part of a hierarchical approach to classifying watersheds and stream habitats based on geomorphic and geologic criteria, we defined ten classes of fluvial and lacustrine habitats at the scale of valley segments. Valley segments are landscape units which encompass surface waters and the adjacent floodplains and hillslopes with which they interact over time frames of thousands of years. They form a large-scale template that constrains the character of aquatic habitat, controls the effects of disturbances in riparian areas, and mediates responses of streams to upland and upstream events. The regional distribution of valley segment types in southwest Oregon reflects bedrock geology and tectonic history of the landscape. Fluvial segment types differ in stream adjacent landforms, slope erosion processes, floodplain and valley morphology, channel slope, riparian vegetation, streambank texture, gravel bar morphology, and pool-forming features. Studies that do not carefully account for inherent differences between valley segment types could fail to detect critical changes in stream habitat caused by human disturbance. Alluvial valley and alluviated canyon segment types, which have extensive floodplains, low channel slopes, abundant woody debris, and ample gravel beds, are of greatest direct importance for salmon and other native fishes. Virtually all alluvial valleys in the study area have been heavily disturbed by logging, agriculture, and residential development. Alluviated canyon segments located in the few drainage basins where human activity has been limited probably serve as habitat refugia for the last diverse assemblages and productive populations of salmon in the region. Alluviated canyons in extensively-fogged basins exhibit increased abundance of large woody debris, fewer cross-channel debris jams, more extensive bank erosion, reduced pool area and increased riffle area, shallower riffles, and increased surface concentration of fine sediments in pools and other habitats, compared to similar segments in lesser-disturbed basins. These changes in channel morphology and stability appear to be driven by increased sediment load, caused by logging-related landslides and other erosion sources. Field studies in Sixes River basin indicated that abundance and diversity of salmonid fishes declines as maximum stream temperature increases. Changes in summer distribution of juvenile chinook and coho salmon since 1970 are related to changes In water temperature. Although some tributaries have cooled, a decline in rearing distribution in mainstem areas could be caused by long-term loss of channel complexity and associated coolwater refugia. Analysis of fish habitat structures constructed by federal and state agencies indicated that failure rates are high. Recovery of anadromous fish runs in southwest Oregon will require protection of remaining habitat refugia and reduction of sediment yield from disturbed watersheds. Close

• 19. [Article] The Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds: a perspective.

  The Oregon Plan is a state-led strategy for restoring and conserving native salmonids and the watersheds within which they spend all or parts of their lives. It evolved from work that began in the 1980s ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds: a perspective. Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Salwasser, Hal, Achterman, Gail, Arha, Kaush The Oregon Plan is a state-led strategy for restoring and conserving native salmonids and the watersheds within which they spend all or parts of their lives. It evolved from work that began in the 1980s on watershed health and salmon conservation and was propelled into high gear by proposed and eventual listings of native salmonids in Oregon under the federal Endangered Species Act during the mid-1990s. The Plan has expanded in scope and activities since then, and now encompasses all native salmonids and all watersheds in the state. It has spawned new commitments and investments from private landowners and generated significant improvements in state agency coordination related to salmonids and watershed health. The accomplishments of the Oregon Plan create an unparalleled foundation for state-led species conservation. The work remaining creates abundant opportunity for new leaders to add their embellishments to the fine work of others to date. Title: The Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds: a perspective. Author: Institute for Natural Resources, Salwasser, Hal, Achterman, Gail, Arha, Kaush The Oregon Plan is a state-led strategy for restoring and conserving native salmonids and the watersheds within which they spend all or parts of their lives. It evolved from work that began in the 1980s on watershed health and salmon conservation and was propelled into high gear by proposed and eventual listings of native salmonids in Oregon under the federal Endangered Species Act during the mid-1990s. The Plan has expanded in scope and activities since then, and now encompasses all native salmonids and all watersheds in the state. It has spawned new commitments and investments from private landowners and generated significant improvements in state agency coordination related to salmonids and watershed health. The accomplishments of the Oregon Plan create an unparalleled foundation for state-led species conservation. The work remaining creates abundant opportunity for new leaders to add their embellishments to the fine work of others to date. Close

• 20. [Article] Terra ; Vol. 4 No. 1 (Winter 2009)

  25 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Terra ; Vol. 4 No. 1 (Winter 2009) Author: Houtman, Nicolas, Gross, Joan, Floyd, Mark, Sherman, Lee 25 pages Title: Terra ; Vol. 4 No. 1 (Winter 2009) Author: Houtman, Nicolas, Gross, Joan, Floyd, Mark, Sherman, Lee 25 pages Close