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• 101. [Image] Temporary fish ladder

  	Entrance to temporary fish ladder at the Bonneville Dam
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Temporary fish ladder Year: 1937 Entrance to temporary fish ladder at the Bonneville Dam Title: Temporary fish ladder Year: 1937 Entrance to temporary fish ladder at the Bonneville Dam Close

• 102. [Image] Temporary fish ladder

  	Entrance to temporary fish ladder at the Bonneville Dam
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Temporary fish ladder Year: 1937 Entrance to temporary fish ladder at the Bonneville Dam Title: Temporary fish ladder Year: 1937 Entrance to temporary fish ladder at the Bonneville Dam Close

• 103. [Image] Portland water supply dam

  	Portland water supply dam on Bull Run River
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Portland water supply dam Year: 1940 Portland water supply dam on Bull Run River Title: Portland water supply dam Year: 1940 Portland water supply dam on Bull Run River Close

• 104. [Image] Deschutes River

  	View of Deschutes River Valley just below Maupin, Oregon
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Deschutes River Year: 1942 View of Deschutes River Valley just below Maupin, Oregon Title: Deschutes River Year: 1942 View of Deschutes River Valley just below Maupin, Oregon Close

• 105. [Image] Sandy River near mouth

  	View is looking downstream from top of dam
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sandy River near mouth Year: 1935 View is looking downstream from top of dam Title: Sandy River near mouth Year: 1935 View is looking downstream from top of dam Close

• 106. [Image] Paulina Falls

  	Paulina Falls on The Dalles to California Highway, Oregon (US 97)
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Paulina Falls Year: 2004 Paulina Falls on The Dalles to California Highway, Oregon (US 97) Title: Paulina Falls Year: 2004 Paulina Falls on The Dalles to California Highway, Oregon (US 97) Close

• 107. [Image] Temporary fish ladder

  	Temporary ladder on the Oregon side of the Bonneville Dam
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Temporary fish ladder Year: 1937 Temporary ladder on the Oregon side of the Bonneville Dam Title: Temporary fish ladder Year: 1937 Temporary ladder on the Oregon side of the Bonneville Dam Close

• 108. [Image] Releasing marked fish

  	Releasing marked fish above Bonneville Dam with the anal and right vental removed
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Releasing marked fish Year: 1940 Releasing marked fish above Bonneville Dam with the anal and right vental removed Title: Releasing marked fish Year: 1940 Releasing marked fish above Bonneville Dam with the anal and right vental removed Close

• 109. [Image] Releasing marked fish

  	Releasing marked fish above Bonneville Dam with the anal and right vental removed
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Releasing marked fish Year: 1940 Releasing marked fish above Bonneville Dam with the anal and right vental removed Title: Releasing marked fish Year: 1940 Releasing marked fish above Bonneville Dam with the anal and right vental removed Close

• 110. [Image] View of Crooked River

  	View of Crooked River near near Cove
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: View of Crooked River Year: 1942 View of Crooked River near near Cove Title: View of Crooked River Year: 1942 View of Crooked River near near Cove Close

• 111. [Image] Warrenton water supply dam

  	City of Warrenton water supply dam on the Lewis and Clark River. The main dam which was far below this washed out and was to be rebuilt in 1946
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Warrenton water supply dam Year: 1946 City of Warrenton water supply dam on the Lewis and Clark River. The main dam which was far below this washed out and was to be rebuilt in 1946 Title: Warrenton water supply dam Year: 1946 City of Warrenton water supply dam on the Lewis and Clark River. The main dam which was far below this washed out and was to be rebuilt in 1946 Close

• 112. [Image] Warrenton water supply

  	City of Warrenton water supply dam on the Lewis and Clark River. ;The main dam washed out and was to be rebuilt in 1946. The dam will have a fish ladder
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Warrenton water supply Year: 1946 City of Warrenton water supply dam on the Lewis and Clark River. ;The main dam washed out and was to be rebuilt in 1946. The dam will have a fish ladder Title: Warrenton water supply Year: 1946 City of Warrenton water supply dam on the Lewis and Clark River. ;The main dam washed out and was to be rebuilt in 1946. The dam will have a fish ladder Close

• 113. [Image] Lumber mill dam at Carlton, Oregon

  	Lumber mill dam on North Fork Yamhill River. Dam is an obstruction to migratory fish
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lumber mill dam at Carlton, Oregon Year: 1937 Lumber mill dam on North Fork Yamhill River. Dam is an obstruction to migratory fish Title: Lumber mill dam at Carlton, Oregon Year: 1937 Lumber mill dam on North Fork Yamhill River. Dam is an obstruction to migratory fish Close

• 114. [Image] Wallowa River

  	Wallowa River looking upstream from bridge at Minam, Oregon. Minam River is shown coming in on the right
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wallowa River Year: 1940 Wallowa River looking upstream from bridge at Minam, Oregon. Minam River is shown coming in on the right Title: Wallowa River Year: 1940 Wallowa River looking upstream from bridge at Minam, Oregon. Minam River is shown coming in on the right Close

• 115. [Image] Wenaha River

  	Shows the Wenaha River upstream from confluence with Grande Ronde River at Troy, Oregon
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wenaha River Year: 1940 Shows the Wenaha River upstream from confluence with Grande Ronde River at Troy, Oregon Title: Wenaha River Year: 1940 Shows the Wenaha River upstream from confluence with Grande Ronde River at Troy, Oregon Close

• 116. [Image] Salmon River, Oregon

  	Salmon River, a tributary of the Big Sandy River which is a suitable salmon spawning area
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Salmon River, Oregon Year: 1937 Salmon River, a tributary of the Big Sandy River which is a suitable salmon spawning area Title: Salmon River, Oregon Year: 1937 Salmon River, a tributary of the Big Sandy River which is a suitable salmon spawning area Close

• 117. [Image] Lower Grande Ronde River

  	Lower section of Grande Ronde River looking downstream from bridge at Troy, Oregon
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lower Grande Ronde River Year: 1937 Lower section of Grande Ronde River looking downstream from bridge at Troy, Oregon Title: Lower Grande Ronde River Year: 1937 Lower section of Grande Ronde River looking downstream from bridge at Troy, Oregon Close

• 118. [Image] Confluence of Upper Grande Ronde and Dairy Canyon Creek

  	Line where the clear Dairy Canyon Creek enters the extermely turbid Grande Ronde River
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Confluence of Upper Grande Ronde and Dairy Canyon Creek Year: 1940 Line where the clear Dairy Canyon Creek enters the extermely turbid Grande Ronde River Title: Confluence of Upper Grande Ronde and Dairy Canyon Creek Year: 1940 Line where the clear Dairy Canyon Creek enters the extermely turbid Grande Ronde River Close

• 119. [Image] Wenaha confluence

  	Wenaha River in the foreground. Photo was taken from the hill in back of Troy, Oregon
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wenaha confluence Year: 1940 Wenaha River in the foreground. Photo was taken from the hill in back of Troy, Oregon Title: Wenaha confluence Year: 1940 Wenaha River in the foreground. Photo was taken from the hill in back of Troy, Oregon Close

• 120. [Image] Dam at Oregon state hatchery

  	Dam at Oregon state hatchery on the North Fork Klaskanine River
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Dam at Oregon state hatchery Year: 1946 Dam at Oregon state hatchery on the North Fork Klaskanine River Title: Dam at Oregon state hatchery Year: 1946 Dam at Oregon state hatchery on the North Fork Klaskanine River Close

• 121. [Image] Grande Ronde River power diversion dam

  	Grande Ronde River showing power diversion at point between La Grande and Island City. Supplies water power to flour mill in Island City. No protective devices and no by-pass
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Grande Ronde River power diversion dam Year: 1941 Grande Ronde River showing power diversion at point between La Grande and Island City. Supplies water power to flour mill in Island City. No protective devices and no by-pass Title: Grande Ronde River power diversion dam Year: 1941 Grande Ronde River showing power diversion at point between La Grande and Island City. Supplies water power to flour mill in Island City. No protective devices and no by-pass Close

• 122. [Image] Power diversion dam across Grande Ronde River

  	Grande Ronde River with power diversion dam completely across the river. It is a barrier for fish at low water when only seepage escapes downstream. Dam is located between La Grande and Island City, Oregon ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Power diversion dam across Grande Ronde River Year: 1941 Grande Ronde River with power diversion dam completely across the river. It is a barrier for fish at low water when only seepage escapes downstream. Dam is located between La Grande and Island City, Oregon . River supplies water power for flour mill in Island City From enclosure: Diversion Dam for Island City flour mill Title: Power diversion dam across Grande Ronde River Year: 1941 Grande Ronde River with power diversion dam completely across the river. It is a barrier for fish at low water when only seepage escapes downstream. Dam is located between La Grande and Island City, Oregon . River supplies water power for flour mill in Island City From enclosure: Diversion Dam for Island City flour mill Close

• 123. [Image] Minam River

  	Minam River (tributary to Wallowa, River) looking upstream from Cape Horn Point
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Minam River Year: 1940 Minam River (tributary to Wallowa, River) looking upstream from Cape Horn Point Title: Minam River Year: 1940 Minam River (tributary to Wallowa, River) looking upstream from Cape Horn Point Close

• 124. [Image] Grande Ronde River

  	View of the Grande Ronde River from the road to Troy from Enterprise, Oregon
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Grande Ronde River Year: 1940 View of the Grande Ronde River from the road to Troy from Enterprise, Oregon Title: Grande Ronde River Year: 1940 View of the Grande Ronde River from the road to Troy from Enterprise, Oregon Close

• 125. [Image] Wenaha River

  	Shows the Wenaha River upstream from confluence with Grande Ronde River at Troy, Oregon
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wenaha River Year: 1940 Shows the Wenaha River upstream from confluence with Grande Ronde River at Troy, Oregon Title: Wenaha River Year: 1940 Shows the Wenaha River upstream from confluence with Grande Ronde River at Troy, Oregon Close

• 126. [Image] Minam River

  	Minam River (tributary to Wallowa, River) looking upstream from Cape Horn Point
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Minam River Year: 1940 Minam River (tributary to Wallowa, River) looking upstream from Cape Horn Point Title: Minam River Year: 1940 Minam River (tributary to Wallowa, River) looking upstream from Cape Horn Point Close

• 127. [Image] Grande Ronde River near Cove, Oregon

  	In old Grande Ronde River channel meander. Photo shows the small volume of water which comes from Catherine Creek and Ladd Creek
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Grande Ronde River near Cove, Oregon Year: 1940 In old Grande Ronde River channel meander. Photo shows the small volume of water which comes from Catherine Creek and Ladd Creek Title: Grande Ronde River near Cove, Oregon Year: 1940 In old Grande Ronde River channel meander. Photo shows the small volume of water which comes from Catherine Creek and Ladd Creek Close

• 128. [Image] Joseph Creek Canyon

  	Joseph Creek, tributary to Grande Ronde River. Photo taken from ridge near Flora, Oregon
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Joseph Creek Canyon Year: 1940 Joseph Creek, tributary to Grande Ronde River. Photo taken from ridge near Flora, Oregon Title: Joseph Creek Canyon Year: 1940 Joseph Creek, tributary to Grande Ronde River. Photo taken from ridge near Flora, Oregon Close

• 129. [Image] Joseph Creek Canyon

  	Joseph Creek, tributary to Grande Ronde River. Photo taken from ridge near Flora, Oregon
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Joseph Creek Canyon Year: 1940 Joseph Creek, tributary to Grande Ronde River. Photo taken from ridge near Flora, Oregon Title: Joseph Creek Canyon Year: 1940 Joseph Creek, tributary to Grande Ronde River. Photo taken from ridge near Flora, Oregon Close

• 130. [Image] South Fork Burnt River

  	Looking upstream from upper reservoir dam on the South Fork Burnt River
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: South Fork Burnt River Year: 1941 Looking upstream from upper reservoir dam on the South Fork Burnt River Title: South Fork Burnt River Year: 1941 Looking upstream from upper reservoir dam on the South Fork Burnt River Close

• 131. [Image] North Fork Burnt River irrigation diversion

  	Photo shows irrigation diversion, almost completely diverting flow
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: North Fork Burnt River irrigation diversion Year: 1941 Photo shows irrigation diversion, almost completely diverting flow Title: North Fork Burnt River irrigation diversion Year: 1941 Photo shows irrigation diversion, almost completely diverting flow Close

• 132. [Image] View of Crooked River

  	View of Crooked River near near Cove
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: View of Crooked River Year: 1942 View of Crooked River near near Cove Title: View of Crooked River Year: 1942 View of Crooked River near near Cove Close

• 133. [Image] Diversion dam for Cove power canal

  	Diversion dam on Crooked River for Cove power canal
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Diversion dam for Cove power canal Year: 1942 Diversion dam on Crooked River for Cove power canal Title: Diversion dam for Cove power canal Year: 1942 Diversion dam on Crooked River for Cove power canal Close

• 134. [Image] Broken-down fish ladder over Steelhead Falls

  	Broken-down fish ladder over Steelhead Falls on the Deschutes River
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Broken-down fish ladder over Steelhead Falls Year: 1942 Broken-down fish ladder over Steelhead Falls on the Deschutes River Title: Broken-down fish ladder over Steelhead Falls Year: 1942 Broken-down fish ladder over Steelhead Falls on the Deschutes River Close

• 135. [Image] North Canal Dam

  	North Canal dam at northern city limits of Bend, Oregon on the Deschutes River
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: North Canal Dam Year: 1942 North Canal dam at northern city limits of Bend, Oregon on the Deschutes River Title: North Canal Dam Year: 1942 North Canal dam at northern city limits of Bend, Oregon on the Deschutes River Close

• 136. [Image] Deschutes River irrigation dam

  	Deschutes River irrigation dam 1/4 mile below the Pacific, Power and Lights dam in Bend, Oregon
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Deschutes River irrigation dam Year: 1942 Deschutes River irrigation dam 1/4 mile below the Pacific, Power and Lights dam in Bend, Oregon Title: Deschutes River irrigation dam Year: 1942 Deschutes River irrigation dam 1/4 mile below the Pacific, Power and Lights dam in Bend, Oregon Close

• 137. [Image] Carved basalt forming brink of Cline Falls

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Carved basalt forming brink of Cline Falls Year: 1942 Title: Carved basalt forming brink of Cline Falls Year: 1942 Close

• 138. [Image] Diversion Dam below Troutdale, Oregon

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Diversion Dam below Troutdale, Oregon Year: 1939 Title: Diversion Dam below Troutdale, Oregon Year: 1939 Close

• 139. [Image] Cline Falls

  	Cline Falls on the Deschutes River. Falls are almost dry during irrigation season.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cline Falls Year: 1942 Cline Falls on the Deschutes River. Falls are almost dry during irrigation season. Title: Cline Falls Year: 1942 Cline Falls on the Deschutes River. Falls are almost dry during irrigation season. Close

• 140. [Image] Sandy River

  	Big Sandy Channel dam in far background
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sandy River Year: 1940 Big Sandy Channel dam in far background Title: Sandy River Year: 1940 Big Sandy Channel dam in far background Close

• 141. [Image] Sandy River showing Big and Little Sandy Channels

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sandy River showing Big and Little Sandy Channels Year: 1940 Title: Sandy River showing Big and Little Sandy Channels Year: 1940 Close

• 142. [Image] Bull Run diversion

  	Portland water department Bull Run diversion
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bull Run diversion Year: 1940 Portland water department Bull Run diversion Title: Bull Run diversion Year: 1940 Portland water department Bull Run diversion Close

• 143. [Image] Bull Run River

  	Bull Run River below Portland Water Department dam
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bull Run River Year: 1940 Bull Run River below Portland Water Department dam Title: Bull Run River Year: 1940 Bull Run River below Portland Water Department dam Close

• 144. [Image] Bull Run diversion

  	Portland water department Bull Run diversion
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bull Run diversion Year: 1940 Portland water department Bull Run diversion Title: Bull Run diversion Year: 1940 Portland water department Bull Run diversion Close

• 145. [Image] Grande Ronde River

  	Photo of Grande Ronde River looking upstream from road just above Troy, Oregon
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Grande Ronde River Year: 1940 Photo of Grande Ronde River looking upstream from road just above Troy, Oregon Title: Grande Ronde River Year: 1940 Photo of Grande Ronde River looking upstream from road just above Troy, Oregon Close

• 146. [Image] Bonneville Dam

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bonneville Dam Year: 1937 Title: Bonneville Dam Year: 1937 Close

• 147. [Image] Benham Falls looking downstream

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Benham Falls looking downstream Year: 1942 Title: Benham Falls looking downstream Year: 1942 Close

• 148. [Image] Pacific, Power and Lights dam in Bend, Oregon

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Pacific, Power and Lights dam in Bend, Oregon Year: 1942 Title: Pacific, Power and Lights dam in Bend, Oregon Year: 1942 Close

• 149. [Image] Bonneville Dam

  	Bonneville Dam
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bonneville Dam Year: 1937 Bonneville Dam Title: Bonneville Dam Year: 1937 Bonneville Dam Close

• 150. [Image] Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River

  	Dam under construction
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River Year: 1937 Dam under construction Title: Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River Year: 1937 Dam under construction Close

• 151. [Image] Temporary fish ladder

  	Temporary fish ladder at the Bonneville Dam on the Washington side. Dam was under construction
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Temporary fish ladder Year: 1937 Temporary fish ladder at the Bonneville Dam on the Washington side. Dam was under construction Title: Temporary fish ladder Year: 1937 Temporary fish ladder at the Bonneville Dam on the Washington side. Dam was under construction Close

• 152. [Image] Temporary fish ladder

  	Temporary fish ladder on the Oregon side of the Bonneville Dam. There is a salmon in air at left side of jump
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Temporary fish ladder Year: 1937 Temporary fish ladder on the Oregon side of the Bonneville Dam. There is a salmon in air at left side of jump Title: Temporary fish ladder Year: 1937 Temporary fish ladder on the Oregon side of the Bonneville Dam. There is a salmon in air at left side of jump Close

• 153. [Image] Sherar's Falls

  	Sherars Falls on the Deschutes River, Oregon
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sherar's Falls Year: 1942 Sherars Falls on the Deschutes River, Oregon Title: Sherar's Falls Year: 1942 Sherars Falls on the Deschutes River, Oregon Close

• 154. [Image] Fishway and diversion dam

  	Fishway and diversion dam for the City of Union, Oregon, domestic water supply found on Catherine Creek
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishway and diversion dam Year: 1937 Fishway and diversion dam for the City of Union, Oregon, domestic water supply found on Catherine Creek Title: Fishway and diversion dam Year: 1937 Fishway and diversion dam for the City of Union, Oregon, domestic water supply found on Catherine Creek Close

• 155. [Image] Metolius River

  	One of 2 springs forming the source of the Metolius River at the base of Black Butte
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Metolius River Year: 1942 One of 2 springs forming the source of the Metolius River at the base of Black Butte Title: Metolius River Year: 1942 One of 2 springs forming the source of the Metolius River at the base of Black Butte Close

• 156. [Image] Temporary fish ladder

  	Temporary fish ladder at the Bonneville Dam
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Temporary fish ladder Year: 1937 Temporary fish ladder at the Bonneville Dam Title: Temporary fish ladder Year: 1937 Temporary fish ladder at the Bonneville Dam Close

• 157. [Image] Fish pond

  	Mr Joseph P Farola's fish pond at Bull Run Power Plant Reservoir which is part of the Sandy River System
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish pond Year: 1941 Mr Joseph P Farola's fish pond at Bull Run Power Plant Reservoir which is part of the Sandy River System Title: Fish pond Year: 1941 Mr Joseph P Farola's fish pond at Bull Run Power Plant Reservoir which is part of the Sandy River System Close

• 158. [Image] Looking upstream from Cline Falls

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Looking upstream from Cline Falls Year: 1942 Title: Looking upstream from Cline Falls Year: 1942 Close

• 159. [Image] Maryhill Ferry on the Columbia River

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Maryhill Ferry on the Columbia River Year: 1942 Title: Maryhill Ferry on the Columbia River Year: 1942 Close

• 160. [Image] Steelhead Falls on the Deschutes River

  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Steelhead Falls on the Deschutes River Year: 1942 Title: Steelhead Falls on the Deschutes River Year: 1942 Close

• 161. [Article] Undercut streambanks in forested headwater streams of the Oregon coast range

  This study was undertaken to evaluate the occurrence and characteristics of undercut streambanks in forested headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range. Undercut streambanks and associated reach characteristics ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Undercut streambanks in forested headwater streams of the Oregon coast range Author: Salminen, Edward M. This study was undertaken to evaluate the occurrence and characteristics of undercut streambanks in forested headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range. Undercut streambanks and associated reach characteristics were surveyed along 46 sample reaches (each 152 m in length) in 8 streams; all sample reaches occurred in unmanaged forested riparian areas. Drainage areas ranged from 0.3 to 16.6 km^2. At each undercut location length, surface area, volume, low-flow (summertime) volume, and maximum horizontal depth were measured. Individual undercuts had surface areas ranging from 0.3 to 27.7 m^2 with a mean value of 2.6 m^2, and lengths ranging from 1.2 to 15.2 m with a mean value of 5.0 m. The area undercut streambanks ranged from 0.0 to 27.4 m^2 / 100 m of stream, with an average value of 6.5 m^2 / 100 m. The proportion of bankfull channel area undercut ranged from 0.0 to 4.5%, with an average value of 1.1%. Reach length undercut ranged from 0.0 to 23.6%, with an average value of 6.2%. The values reported in this study are approximately mid-range in comparison to characteristics of undercut banks reported in studies from Alaska, Montana, and Wisconsin. The % of reach area covered by undercut streambanks in this study is approximately half of that provided by large woody debris. Outside channel bends had approximately 6 times more undercut streambanks than inside bends or straight sections. Streams having a sinuosity index greater than 1.15 averaged approximately twice as much % surface area undercut than streams having a sinuosity index less than 1.15. Number of undercuts and undercut characteristics were inversely correlated with channel gradient; significant differences occurring among 1%, 2-4%, and 5+% channel gradient classes. Streambanks ranging in height from 1-2 m had a higher occurrence of undercut streambanks than either lower or higher streambanks. Undercut streambanks were 4 times more common in "composite" than "non-composite" streambanks. Undercut characteristics appear to be correlated with valley segment type. Channel widths were, on average, significantly narrower at undercut sites when compared to reach average channel widths. However, it does not appear than width characteristics are a cause of undercutting. Based on field observations it appears that flow obstructions (gravel bars, boulders, large woody debris) have little impact on undercut characteristics. Both at-a-site and reach-level comparisons of undercut bank characteristics showed relatively strong correlations with streamside tree densities. Red alder (Alnus rubra) is the most prevalent species found in Coast Range riparian areas, and the most significant species in explaining reach-level differences in undercut characteristics. Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) is less common in riparian zones, but appears to be positively correlated with the proportion of reach area undercut. Title: Undercut streambanks in forested headwater streams of the Oregon coast range Author: Salminen, Edward M. This study was undertaken to evaluate the occurrence and characteristics of undercut streambanks in forested headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range. Undercut streambanks and associated reach characteristics were surveyed along 46 sample reaches (each 152 m in length) in 8 streams; all sample reaches occurred in unmanaged forested riparian areas. Drainage areas ranged from 0.3 to 16.6 km^2. At each undercut location length, surface area, volume, low-flow (summertime) volume, and maximum horizontal depth were measured. Individual undercuts had surface areas ranging from 0.3 to 27.7 m^2 with a mean value of 2.6 m^2, and lengths ranging from 1.2 to 15.2 m with a mean value of 5.0 m. The area undercut streambanks ranged from 0.0 to 27.4 m^2 / 100 m of stream, with an average value of 6.5 m^2 / 100 m. The proportion of bankfull channel area undercut ranged from 0.0 to 4.5%, with an average value of 1.1%. Reach length undercut ranged from 0.0 to 23.6%, with an average value of 6.2%. The values reported in this study are approximately mid-range in comparison to characteristics of undercut banks reported in studies from Alaska, Montana, and Wisconsin. The % of reach area covered by undercut streambanks in this study is approximately half of that provided by large woody debris. Outside channel bends had approximately 6 times more undercut streambanks than inside bends or straight sections. Streams having a sinuosity index greater than 1.15 averaged approximately twice as much % surface area undercut than streams having a sinuosity index less than 1.15. Number of undercuts and undercut characteristics were inversely correlated with channel gradient; significant differences occurring among 1%, 2-4%, and 5+% channel gradient classes. Streambanks ranging in height from 1-2 m had a higher occurrence of undercut streambanks than either lower or higher streambanks. Undercut streambanks were 4 times more common in "composite" than "non-composite" streambanks. Undercut characteristics appear to be correlated with valley segment type. Channel widths were, on average, significantly narrower at undercut sites when compared to reach average channel widths. However, it does not appear than width characteristics are a cause of undercutting. Based on field observations it appears that flow obstructions (gravel bars, boulders, large woody debris) have little impact on undercut characteristics. Both at-a-site and reach-level comparisons of undercut bank characteristics showed relatively strong correlations with streamside tree densities. Red alder (Alnus rubra) is the most prevalent species found in Coast Range riparian areas, and the most significant species in explaining reach-level differences in undercut characteristics. Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) is less common in riparian zones, but appears to be positively correlated with the proportion of reach area undercut. Close

• 162. [Article] A resource survey of river energy and low-head hydroelectric power potential in Oregon

  The project was funded by the United States Department of Energy. Contract No. EG-77-S-07-1691 through the Idaho Water Resources Research Institute.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A resource survey of river energy and low-head hydroelectric power potential in Oregon Author: Klingeman, Peter C., Oregon State University. Water Resources Research Institute, Idaho Water Resources Research Institute, State of Washington Water Research Center, Montana University Joint Water Resources Research Center The project was funded by the United States Department of Energy. Contract No. EG-77-S-07-1691 through the Idaho Water Resources Research Institute. Title: A resource survey of river energy and low-head hydroelectric power potential in Oregon Author: Klingeman, Peter C., Oregon State University. Water Resources Research Institute, Idaho Water Resources Research Institute, State of Washington Water Research Center, Montana University Joint Water Resources Research Center The project was funded by the United States Department of Energy. Contract No. EG-77-S-07-1691 through the Idaho Water Resources Research Institute. Close