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• 1. [Article] Agriculture and Oregon's economy

  Published January 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catal...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Agriculture and Oregon's economy Author: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Obermiller, Frederick W. Published January 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Agriculture and Oregon's economy Author: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Obermiller, Frederick W. Published January 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 2. [Article] How agriculture contributes to Oregon's economy

  Published February 1983. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/cata...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: How agriculture contributes to Oregon's economy Author: Nelson, A. Gene, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Obermiller, Frederick W. Published February 1983. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: How agriculture contributes to Oregon's economy Author: Nelson, A. Gene, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Obermiller, Frederick W. Published February 1983. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 3. [Article] Growth, diversification, and cyclical instability in the Oregon economy, 1960-1979

  Published May 1984. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Growth, diversification, and cyclical instability in the Oregon economy, 1960-1979 Author: Smith, Gary W., Weber, Bruce A., Oregon State University. Agricultural Experiment Station Published May 1984. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Growth, diversification, and cyclical instability in the Oregon economy, 1960-1979 Author: Smith, Gary W., Weber, Bruce A., Oregon State University. Agricultural Experiment Station Published May 1984. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 4. [Article] Linkages between the economy and the environment : an analysis of economic growth in Clatsop County, Oregon

  Page 2 and 6 are blank pages in document

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Linkages between the economy and the environment : an analysis of economic growth in Clatsop County, Oregon Author: Rettig, R. Bruce, 1940-, Roberts, Kenneth, 1944-, Oregon State University. Agricultural Experiment Station Page 2 and 6 are blank pages in document Title: Linkages between the economy and the environment : an analysis of economic growth in Clatsop County, Oregon Author: Rettig, R. Bruce, 1940-, Roberts, Kenneth, 1944-, Oregon State University. Agricultural Experiment Station Page 2 and 6 are blank pages in document Close

• 5. [Article] Impact of a major economic change on a coastal rural economy : a large aluminum plant in Clatsop County, Oregon

  Published July 1973. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impact of a major economic change on a coastal rural economy : a large aluminum plant in Clatsop County, Oregon Author: Collin, Theodore, Oregon State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, Youmans, Russell C., Stoevener, H. H. Published July 1973. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Impact of a major economic change on a coastal rural economy : a large aluminum plant in Clatsop County, Oregon Author: Collin, Theodore, Oregon State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, Youmans, Russell C., Stoevener, H. H. Published July 1973. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 6. [Article] A citizen's guide to employment, inflation, income, and the Oregon economy

  Published February 1976. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/cata...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A citizen's guide to employment, inflation, income, and the Oregon economy Author: Rettig, R. Bruce, 1940-, Oregon State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University. Extension Service Published February 1976. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: A citizen's guide to employment, inflation, income, and the Oregon economy Author: Rettig, R. Bruce, 1940-, Oregon State University. Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University. Extension Service Published February 1976. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 7. [Article] Strategic investments in agricultural industries and Oregon's economic development

  This research is concerned with the current debate among Oregonians on how to improve the standard of living and accelerate economic development in Oregon. The main question is what economic activities ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Strategic investments in agricultural industries and Oregon's economic development Author: Koong, Dennis T This research is concerned with the current debate among Oregonians on how to improve the standard of living and accelerate economic development in Oregon. The main question is what economic activities make Oregon, and regions within Oregon grow? To find out where Oregon's economic strength and weaknesses lie, first we have to understand the income and employment contributions of different industries in Oregon. Second, decisions for improving Oregon's economic growth may be guided by investment in the production of goods for which Oregon is competitive relative to other goods in domestic and international regions. Third, we can investigate and hypothesize about reasons for strengths and weaknesses of Oregon's industries relative to other industries locally, nationally, and internationally. To provide a guideline for Oregon economic development, this study first classifies Oregon's economic activities into eight major economic sectors: agriculture, lumber and wood, high-tech, other manufacturing, non-financial private services, financial services, other private services, and government services. In 1995, it is estimated that these sectors generated about $72 billion in gross state product (GSP) for Oregon's economy, employed over 1.4 million people and provided total payroll of about $36.5 billion. Oregon's aggregate service sector, which includes both nongovernment private services and government services, generated about 76% of Oregon's gross state product (64% and 12% respectively), received about 76% of Oregon's payroll (58% and 18% respectively), and employed about 80% of Oregon's total employment (64% and 16% respectively). The wood sector contributed about 7% to Oregon's GSP, received 6% of Oregon's payroll, and employed about 5% of Oregon's employment. The agriculture sector generated about 7% of Oregon's GSP, received about 4% of Oregon's payroll, and accounted for about 5% of Oregon's employment. The high-tech industries contributed about 5% of Oregon's GSP, received 7% of Oregon's payroll, and employed about 4% of employment. Oregon exported about $ 9.43 billion in 1995. High-tech equipment exports were about 46% of Oregon's total exports. The agriculture sector accounted for 26%, of exports, the wood sector exported 15%, and other manufacturing products 13%. While Oregon's recent growth has accured mostly through aggregate service activities, the trade oriented sectors including agriculture, wood, and high-tech injected nearly nine and half billion dollars of foreign revenue into the state's economy in 1995. Second, this research utilizes state-level statistics along with "revealed comparative advantage" methodology and computes competitiveness indexes. These are calculated for individual industries in Oregon relative to the Pacific Northwest and the United States economies to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the Oregon economy. The comparison of Oregon's efficiency in the agricultural sector relative to the PNW and U.S. indicates that, in the last seven years, Oregon's comparative advantage in agricultural farm production (crops) has increased but its comparative advantage in food processing has been declining since 1992. In fact, in 1994 and 1995 Oregon exhibited a comparative disadvantage in food products relative to both the PNW and the United States economies. One hypothesis advanced in this study is that such decline may be due to the Oregon's higher labor costs relative to other states in the PNW and U.S. The possibility that Oregon pays higher wages to workers in food production relative to the PNW and U.S., combined with the notion that food production in Oregon is more labor-intensive relative to the PNW and U.S. may account for the fact that Oregon's comparative advantage in food processing has declined in recent years. With regard to the wood sector, Oregon has a comparative advantage in lumber and wood products relative to both the PNW and U.S. economies In the furniture and fixtures category Oregon holds a clear comparative advantage against the PNW region, however it has a distinct disadvantage compared to the United States economy. In the paper products, Oregon holds a comparative advantage relative to the U.S., however, Oregon is at a comparative disadvantage relative to the PNW (except for 1991 and 1992 when Oregon had a slight comparative advantage). During the 1989-1995 time period, Oregon has been more competitive relative to the PNW region in industrial machinery and computer equipment. However, the degree of advantage has declined from 157% in 1989, to 105% in 1995. Relative to U.S., Oregon improved its comparative advantage in the production of same goods from -16% comparative disadvantage in 1989, to being +25% more efficient in 1995. Similarly, Oregon held its comparative advantage in the production of electric equipment and measuring instruments relative to PNW during 1989-1995 time period. Relative to U.S., Oregon improved its efficiency in the production of electric equipment from -37% inefficiency in 1989, to +5% of comparative advantage in 1995. Oregon's comparative advantage in measuring instrument varied between 11% and 26% over 1989-1995 time period. With regard to recent arguments advanced against high-tech industries, the results of this study indicate that Oregon is becoming more efficient (regionally as well as nationally) in manufacture of high-tech products, this may be partially be due to economies of scale associated with this sector. With regards to food processing industries, it may be that costs associated with labor, materials, capital investment, and other inputs are high relative to other regions. Hence, we cannot be competitive in those industries. Alternatively, one may argue that labor productivity in Oregon's food industry is lower than other regions. If this is the case, increasing training and education programs to increase labor productivity, in addition to changing infrastructure, could improve efficiency in food industries and thereby improve Oregon's economic development. Title: Strategic investments in agricultural industries and Oregon's economic development Author: Koong, Dennis T This research is concerned with the current debate among Oregonians on how to improve the standard of living and accelerate economic development in Oregon. The main question is what economic activities make Oregon, and regions within Oregon grow? To find out where Oregon's economic strength and weaknesses lie, first we have to understand the income and employment contributions of different industries in Oregon. Second, decisions for improving Oregon's economic growth may be guided by investment in the production of goods for which Oregon is competitive relative to other goods in domestic and international regions. Third, we can investigate and hypothesize about reasons for strengths and weaknesses of Oregon's industries relative to other industries locally, nationally, and internationally. To provide a guideline for Oregon economic development, this study first classifies Oregon's economic activities into eight major economic sectors: agriculture, lumber and wood, high-tech, other manufacturing, non-financial private services, financial services, other private services, and government services. In 1995, it is estimated that these sectors generated about $72 billion in gross state product (GSP) for Oregon's economy, employed over 1.4 million people and provided total payroll of about $36.5 billion. Oregon's aggregate service sector, which includes both nongovernment private services and government services, generated about 76% of Oregon's gross state product (64% and 12% respectively), received about 76% of Oregon's payroll (58% and 18% respectively), and employed about 80% of Oregon's total employment (64% and 16% respectively). The wood sector contributed about 7% to Oregon's GSP, received 6% of Oregon's payroll, and employed about 5% of Oregon's employment. The agriculture sector generated about 7% of Oregon's GSP, received about 4% of Oregon's payroll, and accounted for about 5% of Oregon's employment. The high-tech industries contributed about 5% of Oregon's GSP, received 7% of Oregon's payroll, and employed about 4% of employment. Oregon exported about $ 9.43 billion in 1995. High-tech equipment exports were about 46% of Oregon's total exports. The agriculture sector accounted for 26%, of exports, the wood sector exported 15%, and other manufacturing products 13%. While Oregon's recent growth has accured mostly through aggregate service activities, the trade oriented sectors including agriculture, wood, and high-tech injected nearly nine and half billion dollars of foreign revenue into the state's economy in 1995. Second, this research utilizes state-level statistics along with "revealed comparative advantage" methodology and computes competitiveness indexes. These are calculated for individual industries in Oregon relative to the Pacific Northwest and the United States economies to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the Oregon economy. The comparison of Oregon's efficiency in the agricultural sector relative to the PNW and U.S. indicates that, in the last seven years, Oregon's comparative advantage in agricultural farm production (crops) has increased but its comparative advantage in food processing has been declining since 1992. In fact, in 1994 and 1995 Oregon exhibited a comparative disadvantage in food products relative to both the PNW and the United States economies. One hypothesis advanced in this study is that such decline may be due to the Oregon's higher labor costs relative to other states in the PNW and U.S. The possibility that Oregon pays higher wages to workers in food production relative to the PNW and U.S., combined with the notion that food production in Oregon is more labor-intensive relative to the PNW and U.S. may account for the fact that Oregon's comparative advantage in food processing has declined in recent years. With regard to the wood sector, Oregon has a comparative advantage in lumber and wood products relative to both the PNW and U.S. economies In the furniture and fixtures category Oregon holds a clear comparative advantage against the PNW region, however it has a distinct disadvantage compared to the United States economy. In the paper products, Oregon holds a comparative advantage relative to the U.S., however, Oregon is at a comparative disadvantage relative to the PNW (except for 1991 and 1992 when Oregon had a slight comparative advantage). During the 1989-1995 time period, Oregon has been more competitive relative to the PNW region in industrial machinery and computer equipment. However, the degree of advantage has declined from 157% in 1989, to 105% in 1995. Relative to U.S., Oregon improved its comparative advantage in the production of same goods from -16% comparative disadvantage in 1989, to being +25% more efficient in 1995. Similarly, Oregon held its comparative advantage in the production of electric equipment and measuring instruments relative to PNW during 1989-1995 time period. Relative to U.S., Oregon improved its efficiency in the production of electric equipment from -37% inefficiency in 1989, to +5% of comparative advantage in 1995. Oregon's comparative advantage in measuring instrument varied between 11% and 26% over 1989-1995 time period. With regard to recent arguments advanced against high-tech industries, the results of this study indicate that Oregon is becoming more efficient (regionally as well as nationally) in manufacture of high-tech products, this may be partially be due to economies of scale associated with this sector. With regards to food processing industries, it may be that costs associated with labor, materials, capital investment, and other inputs are high relative to other regions. Hence, we cannot be competitive in those industries. Alternatively, one may argue that labor productivity in Oregon's food industry is lower than other regions. If this is the case, increasing training and education programs to increase labor productivity, in addition to changing infrastructure, could improve efficiency in food industries and thereby improve Oregon's economic development. Close

• 8. [Article] The relationship of absentee ownership of manufacturing plants to income growth, income inequality and employment instability in Oregon

  Absentee-owned manufacturing plants made up a significant portion of the manufacturing sector in Oregon. In both 1969 and 1979, more than a quarter of the state's wage and salary manufacturing workers ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The relationship of absentee ownership of manufacturing plants to income growth, income inequality and employment instability in Oregon Author: Mandelbaum, Thomas B. Absentee-owned manufacturing plants made up a significant portion of the manufacturing sector in Oregon. In both 1969 and 1979, more than a quarter of the state's wage and salary manufacturing workers were employed by manufacturers whose home offices were located in other states or nations. Although the orthodox economic view suggests that absentee-owned plants will provide widespread benefits, others argue that the presence of such firms leads to adverse economic changes in the host economies in which the plants operate. In order to investigate some of these changes, the empirical relationship of absentee ownership to income growth, income inequality, and employment instability were analyzed. Two measures of absentee ownership were used: the level of manufacturing employment In absentee-owned plants and the proportion of all manufacturing employees in absentee-owned plants in Oregon counties and SMSAs. The different measures of absentee ownership reflect different assumptions regarding the most likely alternative in the absence of absentee-owned plants. The level of employment in absentee-owned plants was used to analyze the hypothesized impacts under the assumption that absentee-owned plants are a net addition to the economy, displacing no indigenous manufacturers. The effects are referred to as "absolute" impacts. The "relative" effects were investigated through the application of models that include measures of the proportion of manufacturing employment In absentee-owned plants. These models reflect the assumption that absentee-owned firms completely displace locally owned manufacturers. If this assumption is adopted it is appropriate to compare the effects of absentee-owned firms to the impacts of indigenous firms that would have otherwise existed. Several cross-sectional multiple regression models were specified to investigate either the absolute or relative impacts of absentee ownership on income growth. The results provided no strong evidence that absentee ownership affects income growth In Oregon counties. It is concluded from a partial correlation analysis that the level of absentee ownership in a county was not significantly related to income inequality. But compared to local ownership, absentee ownership was significantly associated with a larger share of Income for middle income families and a smaller share for the highest income families. From the results of a multiple regression analysis of the relationship between absentee ownership and employment instability, It was concluded that, compared to local ownership, absentee ownership of manufacturers was significantly associated with less employment instability. The arguments of the orthodox theorists are more consistent with the results than those of the critical social scientists. None of the findings indicated that absentee ownership was associated with adverse economic impacts on the host economy. The results suggest that if the goals of economic development efforts are to decrease instability and equalize the income distribution, then the present policy of industrial attraction practiced in Oregon may be generally appropriate. Title: The relationship of absentee ownership of manufacturing plants to income growth, income inequality and employment instability in Oregon Author: Mandelbaum, Thomas B. Absentee-owned manufacturing plants made up a significant portion of the manufacturing sector in Oregon. In both 1969 and 1979, more than a quarter of the state's wage and salary manufacturing workers were employed by manufacturers whose home offices were located in other states or nations. Although the orthodox economic view suggests that absentee-owned plants will provide widespread benefits, others argue that the presence of such firms leads to adverse economic changes in the host economies in which the plants operate. In order to investigate some of these changes, the empirical relationship of absentee ownership to income growth, income inequality, and employment instability were analyzed. Two measures of absentee ownership were used: the level of manufacturing employment In absentee-owned plants and the proportion of all manufacturing employees in absentee-owned plants in Oregon counties and SMSAs. The different measures of absentee ownership reflect different assumptions regarding the most likely alternative in the absence of absentee-owned plants. The level of employment in absentee-owned plants was used to analyze the hypothesized impacts under the assumption that absentee-owned plants are a net addition to the economy, displacing no indigenous manufacturers. The effects are referred to as "absolute" impacts. The "relative" effects were investigated through the application of models that include measures of the proportion of manufacturing employment In absentee-owned plants. These models reflect the assumption that absentee-owned firms completely displace locally owned manufacturers. If this assumption is adopted it is appropriate to compare the effects of absentee-owned firms to the impacts of indigenous firms that would have otherwise existed. Several cross-sectional multiple regression models were specified to investigate either the absolute or relative impacts of absentee ownership on income growth. The results provided no strong evidence that absentee ownership affects income growth In Oregon counties. It is concluded from a partial correlation analysis that the level of absentee ownership in a county was not significantly related to income inequality. But compared to local ownership, absentee ownership was significantly associated with a larger share of Income for middle income families and a smaller share for the highest income families. From the results of a multiple regression analysis of the relationship between absentee ownership and employment instability, It was concluded that, compared to local ownership, absentee ownership of manufacturers was significantly associated with less employment instability. The arguments of the orthodox theorists are more consistent with the results than those of the critical social scientists. None of the findings indicated that absentee ownership was associated with adverse economic impacts on the host economy. The results suggest that if the goals of economic development efforts are to decrease instability and equalize the income distribution, then the present policy of industrial attraction practiced in Oregon may be generally appropriate. Close