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• 1. [Article] Does Gender Matter? Human Elephant Conflict in Sri Lanka: A Gendered Analysis of Human Elephant Conflict and Natural Resource Management in a Rural Sri Lankan Village

  This study is a gendered analysis of natural resource management at the local scale of a poor rural Sri Lankan village in a conservation buffer zone. This village experiences destruction of forests and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Does Gender Matter? Human Elephant Conflict in Sri Lanka: A Gendered Analysis of Human Elephant Conflict and Natural Resource Management in a Rural Sri Lankan Village Author: Griffin, Katherine Eileen Year: 2015 This study is a gendered analysis of natural resource management at the local scale of a poor rural Sri Lankan village in a conservation buffer zone. This village experiences destruction of forests and human elephant conflict. The objective of this study is to gain an in-depth knowledge of residents' use and understandings of environmental resources, and to investigate if gender helps shape these factors. This study relies on a social sustainability conceptual framework. It tracks participation of local women and men in natural resource management, and in conservation within and outside of the Bibile community. Local nongovernmental organizations focus on mitigating human elephant conflict and government policies influence particular farming practices. Unless socially and environmentally sustainable practices are developed, areas within and outside of the protected areas are not sustainable in their current state (Jayewardene 1998). Current interventions are failing to solve this problem in both rural communities and natural ecosystems, demonstrated most clearly by shrinking forest habitats and the frequency of human and elephant deaths (Bandara 2009). By broadening the analysis of natural resource management to examine possible social, economic, and political influences, my research examines how different resource management approaches might be filtered and reflected by variation in local residents' use and understanding of environmental resources. I suggest that gender, household decision-making, and equality are overlooked but potentially important aspects in the perception and implementation of natural resource management. Title: Does Gender Matter? Human Elephant Conflict in Sri Lanka: A Gendered Analysis of Human Elephant Conflict and Natural Resource Management in a Rural Sri Lankan Village Author: Griffin, Katherine Eileen Year: 2015 This study is a gendered analysis of natural resource management at the local scale of a poor rural Sri Lankan village in a conservation buffer zone. This village experiences destruction of forests and human elephant conflict. The objective of this study is to gain an in-depth knowledge of residents' use and understandings of environmental resources, and to investigate if gender helps shape these factors. This study relies on a social sustainability conceptual framework. It tracks participation of local women and men in natural resource management, and in conservation within and outside of the Bibile community. Local nongovernmental organizations focus on mitigating human elephant conflict and government policies influence particular farming practices. Unless socially and environmentally sustainable practices are developed, areas within and outside of the protected areas are not sustainable in their current state (Jayewardene 1998). Current interventions are failing to solve this problem in both rural communities and natural ecosystems, demonstrated most clearly by shrinking forest habitats and the frequency of human and elephant deaths (Bandara 2009). By broadening the analysis of natural resource management to examine possible social, economic, and political influences, my research examines how different resource management approaches might be filtered and reflected by variation in local residents' use and understanding of environmental resources. I suggest that gender, household decision-making, and equality are overlooked but potentially important aspects in the perception and implementation of natural resource management. Close

• 2. [Article] Methods to Develop a Crediting Strategy for Transportation and Metropolitan Planning Agencies: White Paper

  The focus of this paper is to identify the ways in which the Ecosystem Services Crediting methodology, part of the Integrated Ecological Framework (IEF), could be developed to make it easily usable and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Methods to Develop a Crediting Strategy for Transportation and Metropolitan Planning Agencies: White Paper Author: Kagan, James S., Gaines, Lisa Year: 2013 The focus of this paper is to identify the ways in which the Ecosystem Services Crediting methodology, part of the Integrated Ecological Framework (IEF), could be developed to make it easily usable and meaningful to transportation agencies. IEF is an ecological assessment process and framework to integrate conservation planning and transportation planning. Title: Methods to Develop a Crediting Strategy for Transportation and Metropolitan Planning Agencies: White Paper Author: Kagan, James S., Gaines, Lisa Year: 2013 The focus of this paper is to identify the ways in which the Ecosystem Services Crediting methodology, part of the Integrated Ecological Framework (IEF), could be developed to make it easily usable and meaningful to transportation agencies. IEF is an ecological assessment process and framework to integrate conservation planning and transportation planning. Close

• 3. [Article] Resident Perceptions of Natural Resources between Cities and across Scales in the Pacific Northwest

  As the global population becomes increasingly urban, research is needed to explore how local culture, land use, and policy will influence urban natural resource management. We used a broad-scale comparative ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Resident Perceptions of Natural Resources between Cities and across Scales in the Pacific Northwest Author: Morzillo, Anita T., Kreakie, Betty J., Netusil, Noelwah R., Yeakley, J. Alan Year: 2016 As the global population becomes increasingly urban, research is needed to explore how local culture, land use, and policy will influence urban natural resource management. We used a broad-scale comparative approach and survey of residents within the Portland (Oregon)-Vancouver (Washington) metropolitan areas, USA, two states with similar geographical and ecological characteristics, but different approaches to land-use planning, to explore resident perceptions about natural resources at three scales of analysis: property level (“at or near my house”), neighborhood (“within a 20-minute walk from my house”), and metro level (“across the metro area”). At the metro-level scale, nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed that the two cities were quite similar. However, affinity for particular landscape characteristics existed within each city with the greatest difference generally at the property-level scale. Portland respondents expressed affinity for large mature trees, tree-lined streets, public transportation, and proximity to stores and services. Vancouver respondents expressed affinity for plentiful accessible parking. We suggest three explanations that likely are not mutually exclusive. First, respondents are segmented based on preferences for particular amenities, such as convenience versus commuter needs. Second, historical land-use and tax policy legacies may influence individual decisions. Third, more environmentally attuned worldviews may influence an individual’s desire to produce environmentally friendly outcomes. Our findings highlight the importance of acknowledging variations in residents’ affinities for landscape characteristics across different scales and locations because these differences may influence future land-use policies about urban natural resources. Title: Resident Perceptions of Natural Resources between Cities and across Scales in the Pacific Northwest Author: Morzillo, Anita T., Kreakie, Betty J., Netusil, Noelwah R., Yeakley, J. Alan Year: 2016 As the global population becomes increasingly urban, research is needed to explore how local culture, land use, and policy will influence urban natural resource management. We used a broad-scale comparative approach and survey of residents within the Portland (Oregon)-Vancouver (Washington) metropolitan areas, USA, two states with similar geographical and ecological characteristics, but different approaches to land-use planning, to explore resident perceptions about natural resources at three scales of analysis: property level (“at or near my house”), neighborhood (“within a 20-minute walk from my house”), and metro level (“across the metro area”). At the metro-level scale, nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed that the two cities were quite similar. However, affinity for particular landscape characteristics existed within each city with the greatest difference generally at the property-level scale. Portland respondents expressed affinity for large mature trees, tree-lined streets, public transportation, and proximity to stores and services. Vancouver respondents expressed affinity for plentiful accessible parking. We suggest three explanations that likely are not mutually exclusive. First, respondents are segmented based on preferences for particular amenities, such as convenience versus commuter needs. Second, historical land-use and tax policy legacies may influence individual decisions. Third, more environmentally attuned worldviews may influence an individual’s desire to produce environmentally friendly outcomes. Our findings highlight the importance of acknowledging variations in residents’ affinities for landscape characteristics across different scales and locations because these differences may influence future land-use policies about urban natural resources. Close

• 4. [Article] The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2006

  Part of the Oregon Bidiversity Information Center Report

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2006 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Weston, Susan, Eucken, Krista, Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2006 Part of the Oregon Bidiversity Information Center Report Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2006 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Weston, Susan, Eucken, Krista, Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2006 Part of the Oregon Bidiversity Information Center Report Close

• 5. [Article] Koll Center Wetlands Natural Resources Maintenance Management Plan

  The intention of this plan is to provide a vision and guidelines for maintaining and improving the ecological health of Koll Center Wetlands in the short and long term. Although the plan will change over ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Koll Center Wetlands Natural Resources Maintenance Management Plan Author: Clayton, Meredith Year: 2006 The intention of this plan is to provide a vision and guidelines for maintaining and improving the ecological health of Koll Center Wetlands in the short and long term. Although the plan will change over time, the goal is to quantify natural resource needs spatially, temporally, and economically. Koll Center Wetlands is part of the Greenway/Fanno Creek/Koll Center Wetlands Park complex. The nearly 13 acre park is dominated by aquatic habitats that attract a wide variety of wildlife, particularly birds. The park grounds are not easily traversed and experience limited human use, but there are many viewpoints from which the park is easily and commonly observed by visitors. The park serves as valuable habitat for both local and migratory wildlife as it connects with the many other terrestrial and aquatic habitats of the park complex, forming a large wildlife corridor in an otherwise urban setting. The aquatic habitats respond to fluctuating water levels, creating seasonally diverse habitat conditions that support a variety of birds, mammals, and reptiles. A mixed forest grows on the southern slope of the park, housing a heron rookery and many well-established oaks and conifers. A weir located just past the south border of the property enables the wetlands to provide the services of storm detention and water filtration for runoff from the surrounding business park. Runoff from parking lots and landscaped areas can contain contaminants and nutrients capable of jeopardizing stream health. Settling and filtration of these compounds occurs as water travels north to south in the wetland, making the water that ultimately reaches Fanno Creek cleaner than it began. Since Koll Center Wetlands is located within a highly urbanized area, direct and indirect impacts to the natural areas from the surrounding region are considered in the maintenance management plan (MMP) for the park and its individual habitat units. These include, but are not limited to, direct human impacts, invasive plants and animals, and ongoing natural processes in plant communities. Title: Koll Center Wetlands Natural Resources Maintenance Management Plan Author: Clayton, Meredith Year: 2006 The intention of this plan is to provide a vision and guidelines for maintaining and improving the ecological health of Koll Center Wetlands in the short and long term. Although the plan will change over time, the goal is to quantify natural resource needs spatially, temporally, and economically. Koll Center Wetlands is part of the Greenway/Fanno Creek/Koll Center Wetlands Park complex. The nearly 13 acre park is dominated by aquatic habitats that attract a wide variety of wildlife, particularly birds. The park grounds are not easily traversed and experience limited human use, but there are many viewpoints from which the park is easily and commonly observed by visitors. The park serves as valuable habitat for both local and migratory wildlife as it connects with the many other terrestrial and aquatic habitats of the park complex, forming a large wildlife corridor in an otherwise urban setting. The aquatic habitats respond to fluctuating water levels, creating seasonally diverse habitat conditions that support a variety of birds, mammals, and reptiles. A mixed forest grows on the southern slope of the park, housing a heron rookery and many well-established oaks and conifers. A weir located just past the south border of the property enables the wetlands to provide the services of storm detention and water filtration for runoff from the surrounding business park. Runoff from parking lots and landscaped areas can contain contaminants and nutrients capable of jeopardizing stream health. Settling and filtration of these compounds occurs as water travels north to south in the wetland, making the water that ultimately reaches Fanno Creek cleaner than it began. Since Koll Center Wetlands is located within a highly urbanized area, direct and indirect impacts to the natural areas from the surrounding region are considered in the maintenance management plan (MMP) for the park and its individual habitat units. These include, but are not limited to, direct human impacts, invasive plants and animals, and ongoing natural processes in plant communities. Close

• 6. [Article] Mapping Meaningful Places on Washington’s Olympic Peninsula: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Landscape Values

  Landscape values mapping has been widely employed as a form of public participation GIS (PPGIS) in natural resource planning and decision-making to capture the complex array of values, uses, and interactions ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mapping Meaningful Places on Washington’s Olympic Peninsula: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Landscape Values Author: Cerveny, Lee, Biedenweg, Kelly, McLain, Rebecca J. Year: 2017 Landscape values mapping has been widely employed as a form of public participation GIS (PPGIS) in natural resource planning and decision-making to capture the complex array of values, uses, and interactions between people and landscapes. A landscape values typology has been commonly employed in the mapping of social and environmental values in a variety of management settings and scales. We explore how people attribute meanings and assign values to special places on the Olympic Peninsula (Washington, USA) using both a landscape values typology and qualitative responses about residents’ placerelationships. Using geographically referenced social values data collected in community meetings (n = 169), we identify high-frequency landscape values and examine how well the landscape values are reflected in open-ended descriptions of place-relations. We also explore the various interpretations of 14 landscape values used in the study. In particular, we investigate any overlapping meanings or blurriness among landscape values and reveal potentially emergent landscape values from the qualitative data. The results provide insights on the use of landscape values mapping typologies for practitioners and researchers engaged in the mapping of social values for PPGIS. Title: Mapping Meaningful Places on Washington’s Olympic Peninsula: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Landscape Values Author: Cerveny, Lee, Biedenweg, Kelly, McLain, Rebecca J. Year: 2017 Landscape values mapping has been widely employed as a form of public participation GIS (PPGIS) in natural resource planning and decision-making to capture the complex array of values, uses, and interactions between people and landscapes. A landscape values typology has been commonly employed in the mapping of social and environmental values in a variety of management settings and scales. We explore how people attribute meanings and assign values to special places on the Olympic Peninsula (Washington, USA) using both a landscape values typology and qualitative responses about residents’ placerelationships. Using geographically referenced social values data collected in community meetings (n = 169), we identify high-frequency landscape values and examine how well the landscape values are reflected in open-ended descriptions of place-relations. We also explore the various interpretations of 14 landscape values used in the study. In particular, we investigate any overlapping meanings or blurriness among landscape values and reveal potentially emergent landscape values from the qualitative data. The results provide insights on the use of landscape values mapping typologies for practitioners and researchers engaged in the mapping of social values for PPGIS. Close

• 7. [Article] "Environmental stimulation and long-term planning"

  With Cooper, W. Ecosystems.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "Environmental stimulation and long-term planning" Author: Arbib, Michael A. Year: 1978 With Cooper, W. Ecosystems. Title: "Environmental stimulation and long-term planning" Author: Arbib, Michael A. Year: 1978 With Cooper, W. Ecosystems. Close

• 8. [Article] The McKee Preserve Management Options at Bandon Dunes Golf Resort

  The McKee Preserve is a new conservation area at Bandon Dunes Golf Resort, located on the southern Oregon coast. The Preserve is 250 acres in size and is made up of 13 different natural resource communities. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The McKee Preserve Management Options at Bandon Dunes Golf Resort Author: Edwards, Ashley Marie Year: 2009 The McKee Preserve is a new conservation area at Bandon Dunes Golf Resort, located on the southern Oregon coast. The Preserve is 250 acres in size and is made up of 13 different natural resource communities. One important resource is silvery phacelia (Phacelia argentea), which is a state threatened plant species and is a species of concern federally. The goal of this project was to perform plant inventories for silvery phacelia and kinnikinnick that will be used to establish a functional management plan for the Preserve. Other resources of interest to the Preserve have been included in the literature review and management plan. A proposed par 3 golf course has also been included in the analysis and management plan of the report. Using Geographical Information Systems and Global Positioning Systems to conduct the silvery phacelia inventory showed that there are 6,803 individual plants at the Resort and 5,078 plants on the Preserve. A silvery phacelia community was found north of Cut Creek, which has not been listed as a historical site for this species. The species most likely established itself through fill materials that were seed rich, when building the second golf course on the property, Pacific Dunes. The kinnikinnick meadows have been reduced from building and opening Bandon Trails Golf Course. The remaining meadows are 1.4 acres in size. The par 3 golf course, if built, will be located in the northern portion of the Preserve and would share access with Bandon Trails Golf Course. Out of the 11 proposed holes, 9 have been approved so that impacts to the silvery phacelia will be minimized. Title: The McKee Preserve Management Options at Bandon Dunes Golf Resort Author: Edwards, Ashley Marie Year: 2009 The McKee Preserve is a new conservation area at Bandon Dunes Golf Resort, located on the southern Oregon coast. The Preserve is 250 acres in size and is made up of 13 different natural resource communities. One important resource is silvery phacelia (Phacelia argentea), which is a state threatened plant species and is a species of concern federally. The goal of this project was to perform plant inventories for silvery phacelia and kinnikinnick that will be used to establish a functional management plan for the Preserve. Other resources of interest to the Preserve have been included in the literature review and management plan. A proposed par 3 golf course has also been included in the analysis and management plan of the report. Using Geographical Information Systems and Global Positioning Systems to conduct the silvery phacelia inventory showed that there are 6,803 individual plants at the Resort and 5,078 plants on the Preserve. A silvery phacelia community was found north of Cut Creek, which has not been listed as a historical site for this species. The species most likely established itself through fill materials that were seed rich, when building the second golf course on the property, Pacific Dunes. The kinnikinnick meadows have been reduced from building and opening Bandon Trails Golf Course. The remaining meadows are 1.4 acres in size. The par 3 golf course, if built, will be located in the northern portion of the Preserve and would share access with Bandon Trails Golf Course. Out of the 11 proposed holes, 9 have been approved so that impacts to the silvery phacelia will be minimized. Close

• 9. [Article] Downspout Disconnection Suitability and Incentives Analysis

  The City of Gresham is developing a Downspout Disconnection Program, which encourages homeowners to disconnect their roof downspouts from the storm sewer system and divert the stormwater onto their lawn ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Downspout Disconnection Suitability and Incentives Analysis Author: Fletcher, Brian C. Year: 2009 The City of Gresham is developing a Downspout Disconnection Program, which encourages homeowners to disconnect their roof downspouts from the storm sewer system and divert the stormwater onto their lawn or rain garden. Downspout disconnection is being evaluated for its effectiveness to help the city meet stormwater discharge requirements in their NPDES-MS4 permit from Oregon DEQ. This study reviewed current Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) soil data and developed a suitability map showing High, Medium and Low suitability zones for on-site stormwater management. To validate the map, 55 soil textural classes and 11 infiltration rates were determined at residences throughout Gresham. When the results were compared with the published NRCS data, 73% of the soil textural classes and 100% of the infiltration rates were in agreement. A survey was mailed to 500 residents in the High suitability zone to determine homeowners’ willingness to disconnect and to identify incentives which would help persuade them to disconnect their downspouts. Ninety-four (19%) surveys were returned. The three most popular incentives were 1) a $2.32/mo. stormwater utility fee discount (35%), 2) free materials (20%) and 3) a “how-to” guide (18%). By extrapolating the responses to the full proportion of residences in the High suitability zone, a $2.32 discount would cost the city $47,700 dollars per year in reduced stormwater fees (as well as additional resources needed to verify that each site qualifies) and is expected to divert approximately 33.6 million gallons (100 acre feet) of stormwater each year from the storm sewer system over the long-term. Title: Downspout Disconnection Suitability and Incentives Analysis Author: Fletcher, Brian C. Year: 2009 The City of Gresham is developing a Downspout Disconnection Program, which encourages homeowners to disconnect their roof downspouts from the storm sewer system and divert the stormwater onto their lawn or rain garden. Downspout disconnection is being evaluated for its effectiveness to help the city meet stormwater discharge requirements in their NPDES-MS4 permit from Oregon DEQ. This study reviewed current Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) soil data and developed a suitability map showing High, Medium and Low suitability zones for on-site stormwater management. To validate the map, 55 soil textural classes and 11 infiltration rates were determined at residences throughout Gresham. When the results were compared with the published NRCS data, 73% of the soil textural classes and 100% of the infiltration rates were in agreement. A survey was mailed to 500 residents in the High suitability zone to determine homeowners’ willingness to disconnect and to identify incentives which would help persuade them to disconnect their downspouts. Ninety-four (19%) surveys were returned. The three most popular incentives were 1) a $2.32/mo. stormwater utility fee discount (35%), 2) free materials (20%) and 3) a “how-to” guide (18%). By extrapolating the responses to the full proportion of residences in the High suitability zone, a $2.32 discount would cost the city $47,700 dollars per year in reduced stormwater fees (as well as additional resources needed to verify that each site qualifies) and is expected to divert approximately 33.6 million gallons (100 acre feet) of stormwater each year from the storm sewer system over the long-term. Close

• 10. [Article] Factors Affecting Snowy Plover Chick Survival in a Managed Population

  Understanding survival of precocial chicks in the period immediately following hatching has important conservation implications because population growth is often sensitive to post-hatching survival. We ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Factors Affecting Snowy Plover Chick Survival in a Managed Population Author: Dinsmore, Stephen J., Gaines, Eleanor P., Pearson, Scott F., Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J. Year: 2017 Understanding survival of precocial chicks in the period immediately following hatching has important conservation implications because population growth is often sensitive to post-hatching survival. We studied federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) broods at the northern limit of their range in coastal Oregon (n ¼ 1,157) and Washington (n ¼ 84) from 1991 to 2011 in an attempt to understand seasonal, annual, and spatial patterns of chick survival. In Oregon, plover chick survival increased with age, varied between sites, and was greater at sites with predator management. The mean probability of surviving from hatch to fledging at 28 days of age in Oregon was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.50, 0.63). In Washington, where predator management was not employed, we conducted separate analyses using individually banded and unbanded chicks and results indicated that survival generally increased with chick age. The mean estimated probability of surviving from hatch to fledging at 28 days of age in Washington was 0.27 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.35) for individually banded chicks when perfect detection was assumed. This probability increased to 0.67 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.83) when we analyzed unbanded chicks and included detection probability. Our findings confirm the importance of considering age effects in the survival of Snowy Plover chicks and raise questions about the validity of assuming perfect detection of plover chicks during brood checks. This work also highlights the benefit of predator management on chick survival. Title: Factors Affecting Snowy Plover Chick Survival in a Managed Population Author: Dinsmore, Stephen J., Gaines, Eleanor P., Pearson, Scott F., Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J. Year: 2017 Understanding survival of precocial chicks in the period immediately following hatching has important conservation implications because population growth is often sensitive to post-hatching survival. We studied federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) broods at the northern limit of their range in coastal Oregon (n ¼ 1,157) and Washington (n ¼ 84) from 1991 to 2011 in an attempt to understand seasonal, annual, and spatial patterns of chick survival. In Oregon, plover chick survival increased with age, varied between sites, and was greater at sites with predator management. The mean probability of surviving from hatch to fledging at 28 days of age in Oregon was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.50, 0.63). In Washington, where predator management was not employed, we conducted separate analyses using individually banded and unbanded chicks and results indicated that survival generally increased with chick age. The mean estimated probability of surviving from hatch to fledging at 28 days of age in Washington was 0.27 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.35) for individually banded chicks when perfect detection was assumed. This probability increased to 0.67 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.83) when we analyzed unbanded chicks and included detection probability. Our findings confirm the importance of considering age effects in the survival of Snowy Plover chicks and raise questions about the validity of assuming perfect detection of plover chicks during brood checks. This work also highlights the benefit of predator management on chick survival. Close

• 11. [Article] Combining and Aggregating Environmental Data for Status and Trend Assessments: Challenges and Approaches

  Increasingly, natural resource management agencies and nongovernmental organizations are sharing monitoring data across geographic and jurisdictional boundaries. Doing so improves their abilities to assess ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Combining and Aggregating Environmental Data for Status and Trend Assessments: Challenges and Approaches Author: Maas-Hebner, Kathleen G., Harte, Michael, Molina, Nancy, Hughes, Robert M., Schreck, Carl B., Yeakley, J. Alan Year: 2015 Increasingly, natural resource management agencies and nongovernmental organizations are sharing monitoring data across geographic and jurisdictional boundaries. Doing so improves their abilities to assess local-, regional-, and landscape-level environmental conditions, particularly status and trends, and to improve their ability to make short-and long-term management decisions. Status monitoring assesses the current condition of a population or environmental condition across an area. Monitoring for trends aims at monitoring changes in populations or environmental condition through time. We wrote this paper to inform agency and nongovernmental organization managers, analysts, and consultants regarding the kinds of environmental data that can be combined with suitable techniques and statistically aggregated for new assessments. By doing so, they can increase the (1) use of available data and (2) the validity and reliability of the assessments. Increased awareness of the difficulties inherent in combining and aggregating data for local-and regional-level analyses can increase the likelihood that future monitoring efforts will be modified and/or planned to accommodate data from multiple sources. Title: Combining and Aggregating Environmental Data for Status and Trend Assessments: Challenges and Approaches Author: Maas-Hebner, Kathleen G., Harte, Michael, Molina, Nancy, Hughes, Robert M., Schreck, Carl B., Yeakley, J. Alan Year: 2015 Increasingly, natural resource management agencies and nongovernmental organizations are sharing monitoring data across geographic and jurisdictional boundaries. Doing so improves their abilities to assess local-, regional-, and landscape-level environmental conditions, particularly status and trends, and to improve their ability to make short-and long-term management decisions. Status monitoring assesses the current condition of a population or environmental condition across an area. Monitoring for trends aims at monitoring changes in populations or environmental condition through time. We wrote this paper to inform agency and nongovernmental organization managers, analysts, and consultants regarding the kinds of environmental data that can be combined with suitable techniques and statistically aggregated for new assessments. By doing so, they can increase the (1) use of available data and (2) the validity and reliability of the assessments. Increased awareness of the difficulties inherent in combining and aggregating data for local-and regional-level analyses can increase the likelihood that future monitoring efforts will be modified and/or planned to accommodate data from multiple sources. Close

• 12. [Article] Effects of Water Development on Arid Land Freshwater Ecosystems

  This presentation focuses on the Columbia Basin Project

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of Water Development on Arid Land Freshwater Ecosystems Author: Strecker, Angela L. Year: 2013 This presentation focuses on the Columbia Basin Project Title: Effects of Water Development on Arid Land Freshwater Ecosystems Author: Strecker, Angela L. Year: 2013 This presentation focuses on the Columbia Basin Project Close

• 13. [Article] Interview with Steve Cohen, Planning & Sustainable Development, 2009 (audio)

  Interview of Steve Cohen by Chris Stephens at Ecotrust Building, Portland, Oregon on July 28th, 2009. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Steve Cohen, Planning & Sustainable Development, 2009 (audio) Author: Cohen, Steve Year: 2009 Interview of Steve Cohen by Chris Stephens at Ecotrust Building, Portland, Oregon on July 28th, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Steve Cohen, Planning & Sustainable Development, 2009 (audio) Author: Cohen, Steve Year: 2009 Interview of Steve Cohen by Chris Stephens at Ecotrust Building, Portland, Oregon on July 28th, 2009. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 14. [Article] Interview with Jim Labbe, Portland Audubon Society, 2011

  Interview of Jim Labbe by Tony Smith on March 11th, 2011. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Jim Labbe, Portland Audubon Society, 2011 Author: Labbe, Jim Year: 2011 Interview of Jim Labbe by Tony Smith on March 11th, 2011. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Jim Labbe, Portland Audubon Society, 2011 Author: Labbe, Jim Year: 2011 Interview of Jim Labbe by Tony Smith on March 11th, 2011. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 15. [Article] Interview with Michael Burri, US Forest Service, 2010 (audio)

  Interview of Michael Burri by Jeff Pullen-Sayles at Sandy, Oregon on May 9th, 2010. The interview index is available for download.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Michael Burri, US Forest Service, 2010 (audio) Author: Burri, Michael Year: 2010 Interview of Michael Burri by Jeff Pullen-Sayles at Sandy, Oregon on May 9th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Title: Interview with Michael Burri, US Forest Service, 2010 (audio) Author: Burri, Michael Year: 2010 Interview of Michael Burri by Jeff Pullen-Sayles at Sandy, Oregon on May 9th, 2010. The interview index is available for download. Close

• 16. [Article] Community Science and the Ecological Merits of Backyard Habitat Patches and Adjacent Green-Spaces for Urban Avian Species

  In what ways do small-scale urban backyards contribute to local bird abundance and biodiversity? In what ways might these yards serve as an ‘extension’ of neighboring native forest areas? This project ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Community Science and the Ecological Merits of Backyard Habitat Patches and Adjacent Green-Spaces for Urban Avian Species Author: Gulick, Kristen S., West, Nikkie, Dresner, Marion Year: 2017 In what ways do small-scale urban backyards contribute to local bird abundance and biodiversity? In what ways might these yards serve as an ‘extension’ of neighboring native forest areas? This project investigates the contribution that a group of backyards, certified through the Backyard Habitat Certification Program, have in the suburb of Hillsdale, Oregon, which is adjacent to the natural area of Keller Woodland. Backyard owners functioning as citizen or community scientists assisted with conducting residential bird point-counts once a week in each backyard and the natural area. Counts were done for a total of 8 weeks during nesting season to better understand how backyard habitat restoration might affect their habitat especially when in close proximity to a natural area. The goal of the project was to help better understand the beneficial effects of urban gardening using native plants and diverse vegetation structure as this relates to bird species richness, and to explore the importance of community scientist contributions. Although the sample size was small, no significant trends were found, but the involvement of community scientists indicated increased skill, depth of understanding, and increased motivation for all participating backyard habitat owners. More backyards are needed for future research and extension into lower-income neighborhoods would be very beneficial to increase awareness of urban habitat connectivity and the diversity seen in backyard environmental characteristics and yard owner backyard habitat knowledge. A larger sample size could reveal correlations and provide a greater significance in data findings for bird abundance and diversity. A logical extension of this project would be to investigate food-web effects, specifically avian prey species, and smaller green-spaces that are often present in urban neighborhoods in addition to the large green-spaces. Title: Community Science and the Ecological Merits of Backyard Habitat Patches and Adjacent Green-Spaces for Urban Avian Species Author: Gulick, Kristen S., West, Nikkie, Dresner, Marion Year: 2017 In what ways do small-scale urban backyards contribute to local bird abundance and biodiversity? In what ways might these yards serve as an ‘extension’ of neighboring native forest areas? This project investigates the contribution that a group of backyards, certified through the Backyard Habitat Certification Program, have in the suburb of Hillsdale, Oregon, which is adjacent to the natural area of Keller Woodland. Backyard owners functioning as citizen or community scientists assisted with conducting residential bird point-counts once a week in each backyard and the natural area. Counts were done for a total of 8 weeks during nesting season to better understand how backyard habitat restoration might affect their habitat especially when in close proximity to a natural area. The goal of the project was to help better understand the beneficial effects of urban gardening using native plants and diverse vegetation structure as this relates to bird species richness, and to explore the importance of community scientist contributions. Although the sample size was small, no significant trends were found, but the involvement of community scientists indicated increased skill, depth of understanding, and increased motivation for all participating backyard habitat owners. More backyards are needed for future research and extension into lower-income neighborhoods would be very beneficial to increase awareness of urban habitat connectivity and the diversity seen in backyard environmental characteristics and yard owner backyard habitat knowledge. A larger sample size could reveal correlations and provide a greater significance in data findings for bird abundance and diversity. A logical extension of this project would be to investigate food-web effects, specifically avian prey species, and smaller green-spaces that are often present in urban neighborhoods in addition to the large green-spaces. Close

• 17. [Article] Predator Exclosures, Predator Removal, and Habitat Improvement Increase Nest Success of Snowy Plovers in Oregon, USA

  Management to increase reproductive success is commonly used to aid recovery of threatened and endangered species. The Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) breeds from coastal Washington, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Predator Exclosures, Predator Removal, and Habitat Improvement Increase Nest Success of Snowy Plovers in Oregon, USA Author: Dinsmore, Stephen J., Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Gaines, Eleanor P., Stern, Mark A. Year: 2014 Management to increase reproductive success is commonly used to aid recovery of threatened and endangered species. The Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) breeds from coastal Washington, USA, to Baja California, Mexico, and in disjunct interior sites. The Pacific coast population is federally listed as Threatened; habitat loss and nest loss to a suite of terrestrial and avian predators are thought to be primary factors limiting population growth in this species. In coastal Oregon, USA, a consortium of state and federal management agencies deployed nest exclosures on active Snowy Plover nests, initiated a lethal predator management program, and conducted local-scale habitat management in an effort to boost local productivity. During 1990–2009, we monitored 1,951 Snowy Plover nests at 9 sites with varying treatments. We examined the effectiveness of 3 types of nest exclosures (large, small, and outfitted with electric wire), predator removal, and habitat management on nest survival. Habitat management to remove invasive grasses and provide more suitable nesting substrate more than doubled nest survival. Predator management or use of any of the 3 types of exclosures also affected nest survival. There appeared to be no additional benefit to using both approaches, but the biological relevance of these findings is unclear because of site differences in treatments applied. Importantly, these management techniques only affected nesting success; their effect on other contributions to population viability (e.g., fledging success) was not correlated with nesting success. This long-term study illustrates the short-term benefits and tradeoffs of using nest exclosures, predator management, and habitat restoration to improve nesting success. Although we gained broader insight into the relative efficacy of common management techniques to improve avian nesting success, we cannot yet determine how improved nest success contributes to population growth. Title: Predator Exclosures, Predator Removal, and Habitat Improvement Increase Nest Success of Snowy Plovers in Oregon, USA Author: Dinsmore, Stephen J., Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Gaines, Eleanor P., Stern, Mark A. Year: 2014 Management to increase reproductive success is commonly used to aid recovery of threatened and endangered species. The Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) breeds from coastal Washington, USA, to Baja California, Mexico, and in disjunct interior sites. The Pacific coast population is federally listed as Threatened; habitat loss and nest loss to a suite of terrestrial and avian predators are thought to be primary factors limiting population growth in this species. In coastal Oregon, USA, a consortium of state and federal management agencies deployed nest exclosures on active Snowy Plover nests, initiated a lethal predator management program, and conducted local-scale habitat management in an effort to boost local productivity. During 1990–2009, we monitored 1,951 Snowy Plover nests at 9 sites with varying treatments. We examined the effectiveness of 3 types of nest exclosures (large, small, and outfitted with electric wire), predator removal, and habitat management on nest survival. Habitat management to remove invasive grasses and provide more suitable nesting substrate more than doubled nest survival. Predator management or use of any of the 3 types of exclosures also affected nest survival. There appeared to be no additional benefit to using both approaches, but the biological relevance of these findings is unclear because of site differences in treatments applied. Importantly, these management techniques only affected nesting success; their effect on other contributions to population viability (e.g., fledging success) was not correlated with nesting success. This long-term study illustrates the short-term benefits and tradeoffs of using nest exclosures, predator management, and habitat restoration to improve nesting success. Although we gained broader insight into the relative efficacy of common management techniques to improve avian nesting success, we cannot yet determine how improved nest success contributes to population growth. Close

• 18. [Article] Tree Cover Mapping for Assessing Greater Sage-Grouse Habitat in Eastern Oregon

  We used a predictive model to map canopy cover of vegetation over seven feet in height ("tall woody vegetation") at 30-meter resolution over nearly 29 million acres within and adjacent to the range of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tree Cover Mapping for Assessing Greater Sage-Grouse Habitat in Eastern Oregon Author: Nielsen, Eric M., Noone, Matthew D. Year: 2014 We used a predictive model to map canopy cover of vegetation over seven feet in height ("tall woody vegetation") at 30-meter resolution over nearly 29 million acres within and adjacent to the range of the greater sage-grouse in Oregon (Figure 1). Texture measures computed at various resolutions from color-infrared aerial photography provided the main source of predictor data used to produce the map. Canopy cover was treated as a categorical variable using six cover classes: absent (cover class C0), present at less than 4% (C1), 4 – 10% (C2), 10 – 20% (C3), 20 – 50% (C4), and 50% and over (C5). The map is referenced to conditions in the years 2011 and 2012. Although the specific target of the mapping was western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis), our reference data did not permit separating juniper from other tall woody vegetation during the predictive modeling process. The majority of the tall woody vegetation within the project area is western juniper. However, in high elevation regions, riparian, wetland, and residential areas, other vegetation is occasionally represented. The methodology discussed here produces raw modeled data. It is recommended that prior to use in most applications this raw tree cover product be additionally filtered or masked to eliminate false detections which often occur adjacent to agricultural areas and roads. For species-specific applications, an additional modeling phase is necessary to either eliminate tree cover detections likely to be species other than the target, or to model species importance values associated with each tree occurrence. Title: Tree Cover Mapping for Assessing Greater Sage-Grouse Habitat in Eastern Oregon Author: Nielsen, Eric M., Noone, Matthew D. Year: 2014 We used a predictive model to map canopy cover of vegetation over seven feet in height ("tall woody vegetation") at 30-meter resolution over nearly 29 million acres within and adjacent to the range of the greater sage-grouse in Oregon (Figure 1). Texture measures computed at various resolutions from color-infrared aerial photography provided the main source of predictor data used to produce the map. Canopy cover was treated as a categorical variable using six cover classes: absent (cover class C0), present at less than 4% (C1), 4 – 10% (C2), 10 – 20% (C3), 20 – 50% (C4), and 50% and over (C5). The map is referenced to conditions in the years 2011 and 2012. Although the specific target of the mapping was western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis), our reference data did not permit separating juniper from other tall woody vegetation during the predictive modeling process. The majority of the tall woody vegetation within the project area is western juniper. However, in high elevation regions, riparian, wetland, and residential areas, other vegetation is occasionally represented. The methodology discussed here produces raw modeled data. It is recommended that prior to use in most applications this raw tree cover product be additionally filtered or masked to eliminate false detections which often occur adjacent to agricultural areas and roads. For species-specific applications, an additional modeling phase is necessary to either eliminate tree cover detections likely to be species other than the target, or to model species importance values associated with each tree occurrence. Close

• 19. [Article] Would You Like Fires with That? Using Stakeholder-Derived Forest Management Preference Maps to Model Landscape-level Fuel Reduction Treatment Effects on Wildfire Spread

  Management of public lands in the U.S. aims to achieve multiple goals relating to ecological function, wildlife habitat, support of local economies, and recreation; and in fire-prone landscapes these goals ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Would You Like Fires with That? Using Stakeholder-Derived Forest Management Preference Maps to Model Landscape-level Fuel Reduction Treatment Effects on Wildfire Spread Author: Cassell, Brooke A., Scheller, Robert M., Nielsen-Pincus, Max Year: 2017 Management of public lands in the U.S. aims to achieve multiple goals relating to ecological function, wildlife habitat, support of local economies, and recreation; and in fire-prone landscapes these goals are often combined with fuels reduction treatments such as forest thinning and prescribed fire. Applied landscape research may attempt to evaluate the tradeoffs implicit in public lands planning or envision potential future land management scenarios, but often fails to incorporate the spatial diversity of stakeholder perspectives. This study explores the use of public participation geographic systems (PPGIS) to identify spatial and thematic community preferences for fuel treatments in a fire-prone landscape in eastern Oregon. Through open-ended questionnaires and formal focus groups, participants identified their management preferences and identified areas they consider priorities for different types and intensities of fuel treatments. By digitizing these PPGIS-derived treatment maps and supplementing with treatment areas according to identified themes (e.g., protected areas, areas of decreased forest vitality), this research models the effects of alternative fuel reduction scenarios on wildfire spread across large landscapes during extreme weather events. In addition, this study provides insight into stakeholders’ preferences for fuel treatments, with preliminary results indicating high levels of approval for a variety of fuel reduction treatments. Title: Would You Like Fires with That? Using Stakeholder-Derived Forest Management Preference Maps to Model Landscape-level Fuel Reduction Treatment Effects on Wildfire Spread Author: Cassell, Brooke A., Scheller, Robert M., Nielsen-Pincus, Max Year: 2017 Management of public lands in the U.S. aims to achieve multiple goals relating to ecological function, wildlife habitat, support of local economies, and recreation; and in fire-prone landscapes these goals are often combined with fuels reduction treatments such as forest thinning and prescribed fire. Applied landscape research may attempt to evaluate the tradeoffs implicit in public lands planning or envision potential future land management scenarios, but often fails to incorporate the spatial diversity of stakeholder perspectives. This study explores the use of public participation geographic systems (PPGIS) to identify spatial and thematic community preferences for fuel treatments in a fire-prone landscape in eastern Oregon. Through open-ended questionnaires and formal focus groups, participants identified their management preferences and identified areas they consider priorities for different types and intensities of fuel treatments. By digitizing these PPGIS-derived treatment maps and supplementing with treatment areas according to identified themes (e.g., protected areas, areas of decreased forest vitality), this research models the effects of alternative fuel reduction scenarios on wildfire spread across large landscapes during extreme weather events. In addition, this study provides insight into stakeholders’ preferences for fuel treatments, with preliminary results indicating high levels of approval for a variety of fuel reduction treatments. Close

• 20. [Article] Bridges and Barriers to Developing and Conducting Interdisciplinary Graduate-Student Team Research

  Understanding complex socio-environmental problems requires specialists from multiple disciplines to integrate research efforts. Programs such as the National Science Foundation’s Integrative Graduate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bridges and Barriers to Developing and Conducting Interdisciplinary Graduate-Student Team Research Author: Nielsen-Pincus, Max, Morse, Wayde Cameron, Force, Jo Ellen, Wulfhorst, J. D. Year: 2007 Understanding complex socio-environmental problems requires specialists from multiple disciplines to integrate research efforts. Programs such as the National Science Foundation’s Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship facilitate integrated research efforts and change the way academic institutions train future leaders and scientists. The University of Idaho and the Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center in Costa Rica collaborate on a joint research program focusing on biodiversity conservation and sustainable production in fragmented landscapes. We first present a spectrum of integration ranging from disciplinary to transdisciplinary across seven aspects of the research process. We then describe our experiences and lessons learned conducting interdisciplinary graduate student team research. Using our program as a case study, we examine the individual, disciplinary, and programmatic bridges and barriers to conducting interdisciplinary research that emerged during our student team research projects. We conclude with a set of recommendations for exploiting the bridges and overcoming the barriers to conducting interdisciplinary research, especially as part of graduate education programs. Title: Bridges and Barriers to Developing and Conducting Interdisciplinary Graduate-Student Team Research Author: Nielsen-Pincus, Max, Morse, Wayde Cameron, Force, Jo Ellen, Wulfhorst, J. D. Year: 2007 Understanding complex socio-environmental problems requires specialists from multiple disciplines to integrate research efforts. Programs such as the National Science Foundation’s Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship facilitate integrated research efforts and change the way academic institutions train future leaders and scientists. The University of Idaho and the Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center in Costa Rica collaborate on a joint research program focusing on biodiversity conservation and sustainable production in fragmented landscapes. We first present a spectrum of integration ranging from disciplinary to transdisciplinary across seven aspects of the research process. We then describe our experiences and lessons learned conducting interdisciplinary graduate student team research. Using our program as a case study, we examine the individual, disciplinary, and programmatic bridges and barriers to conducting interdisciplinary research that emerged during our student team research projects. We conclude with a set of recommendations for exploiting the bridges and overcoming the barriers to conducting interdisciplinary research, especially as part of graduate education programs. Close

• 21. [Article] The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2016

  We monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast from 5 April – 31 August 2016. From north ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2016 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen A., Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A., Krygsman, Erica, Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2016 We monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast from 5 April – 31 August 2016. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North and South Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Snowy Plover Management Area, New River HRA and adjacent lands, and Floras Lake. Our objectives in 2016 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) determine nest success, 4) implement nest protection as appropriate (e.g. ropes, signs, exclosures), 5) develop and test a sampling technique to determine plover productivity, 6) monitor brood outcomes, and 7) collect general observational data about predators and use cameras to document predator activity at nests. We estimated the resident number of Snowy Plovers in Oregon at 518 individuals. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 694 nests in 2016. Overall apparent nest success was 25%. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation, unknown cause, harrier depredation, corvid depredation, mammalian depredation, gull depredation, one-egg nest, wind/weather, abandonment, overwashing and infertility. We monitored a sample of 150 of 192 known broods, and documented a minimum of 197 fledglings. Overall brood success was 71%, fledging success was 43%, but only 0.60 +/- 0.09 fledglings per male were produced. Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2016 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen A., Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A., Krygsman, Erica, Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2016 We monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast from 5 April – 31 August 2016. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North and South Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Snowy Plover Management Area, New River HRA and adjacent lands, and Floras Lake. Our objectives in 2016 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) determine nest success, 4) implement nest protection as appropriate (e.g. ropes, signs, exclosures), 5) develop and test a sampling technique to determine plover productivity, 6) monitor brood outcomes, and 7) collect general observational data about predators and use cameras to document predator activity at nests. We estimated the resident number of Snowy Plovers in Oregon at 518 individuals. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 694 nests in 2016. Overall apparent nest success was 25%. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation, unknown cause, harrier depredation, corvid depredation, mammalian depredation, gull depredation, one-egg nest, wind/weather, abandonment, overwashing and infertility. We monitored a sample of 150 of 192 known broods, and documented a minimum of 197 fledglings. Overall brood success was 71%, fledging success was 43%, but only 0.60 +/- 0.09 fledglings per male were produced. Close

• 22. [Article] The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2015

  We monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast from 3 April – 11 September 2015. From north ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2015 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen A., Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A., Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2015 We monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast from 3 April – 11 September 2015. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North and South Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Snowy Plover Management Area, New River HRA and adjacent lands, and Floras Lake. Our objectives in 2015 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population along the Oregon coast, 2) locate plover nests, 3) determine nest success, 4) implement nest protection as appropriate (e.g. ropes, signs, exclosures), 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, and 7) collect general observational data about predators. We estimate the Snowy Plover breeding population in Oregon at 449 individuals; a minimum of 376 individuals were known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 501 nests in 2015. Overall apparent nest success was 48%. Nest failures were attributed to unknown cause, unknown depredation, mammalian depredation, corvid depredation, abandonment, wind/weather, one-egg nests, harrier depredation, infertility, overwashing, gull depredation and human caused. We monitored 271 broods, including 32 from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 333 fledglings. Overall brood success was 75%, fledging success was 49%, and 1.51 fledglings per male were produced. Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2015 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen A., Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A., Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2015 We monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast from 3 April – 11 September 2015. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North and South Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Snowy Plover Management Area, New River HRA and adjacent lands, and Floras Lake. Our objectives in 2015 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population along the Oregon coast, 2) locate plover nests, 3) determine nest success, 4) implement nest protection as appropriate (e.g. ropes, signs, exclosures), 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, and 7) collect general observational data about predators. We estimate the Snowy Plover breeding population in Oregon at 449 individuals; a minimum of 376 individuals were known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 501 nests in 2015. Overall apparent nest success was 48%. Nest failures were attributed to unknown cause, unknown depredation, mammalian depredation, corvid depredation, abandonment, wind/weather, one-egg nests, harrier depredation, infertility, overwashing, gull depredation and human caused. We monitored 271 broods, including 32 from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 333 fledglings. Overall brood success was 75%, fledging success was 49%, and 1.51 fledglings per male were produced. Close

• 23. [Article] Temporal Variation in Nutrient Uptake Capacity by Intact Roots of Mature Loblolly Pine

  Nutrient uptake is generally thought to exhibit a simple seasonal pattern, but few studies have measured temporal variation of nutrient uptake capacity in mature trees. We measured net uptake capacity ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Temporal Variation in Nutrient Uptake Capacity by Intact Roots of Mature Loblolly Pine Author: Lucash, Melissa S., Joslin, J. Devereux, Yanai, Ruth D. Year: 2005 Nutrient uptake is generally thought to exhibit a simple seasonal pattern, but few studies have measured temporal variation of nutrient uptake capacity in mature trees. We measured net uptake capacity of K, NH+ 4, NO 3 −, Mg and Ca across a range of solution concentrations by roots of mature loblolly pine at Calhoun Experimental Forest in October 2001, July 2001, and April 2002. Uptake capacity was generally lowest in July; rates in October were similar to those in April. Across a range of concentrations, antecedent nutrient solution concentrations affected the temporal patterns in uptake in July but not in October or April. In July, uptake of NH+ 4, Mg and Ca was positively correlated with concentration when roots were exposed to successively lower concentrations, but negatively correlated with concentration when exposed to successively higher concentrations. In contrast, uptake in October was constant across the range of concentrations, while uptake increased with concentration in April. As in studies of other species, we found greater uptake of NH+ 4 than NO 3 −. Temporal patterns of uptake capacity are difficult to predict, and our results indicate that experimental conditions, such as experiment duration, antecedent root conditions and nutrient solution concentration, affect measured rates of nutrient uptake. Title: Temporal Variation in Nutrient Uptake Capacity by Intact Roots of Mature Loblolly Pine Author: Lucash, Melissa S., Joslin, J. Devereux, Yanai, Ruth D. Year: 2005 Nutrient uptake is generally thought to exhibit a simple seasonal pattern, but few studies have measured temporal variation of nutrient uptake capacity in mature trees. We measured net uptake capacity of K, NH+ 4, NO 3 −, Mg and Ca across a range of solution concentrations by roots of mature loblolly pine at Calhoun Experimental Forest in October 2001, July 2001, and April 2002. Uptake capacity was generally lowest in July; rates in October were similar to those in April. Across a range of concentrations, antecedent nutrient solution concentrations affected the temporal patterns in uptake in July but not in October or April. In July, uptake of NH+ 4, Mg and Ca was positively correlated with concentration when roots were exposed to successively lower concentrations, but negatively correlated with concentration when exposed to successively higher concentrations. In contrast, uptake in October was constant across the range of concentrations, while uptake increased with concentration in April. As in studies of other species, we found greater uptake of NH+ 4 than NO 3 −. Temporal patterns of uptake capacity are difficult to predict, and our results indicate that experimental conditions, such as experiment duration, antecedent root conditions and nutrient solution concentration, affect measured rates of nutrient uptake. Close

• 24. [Article] The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2014

  We monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast from 1 April – 15 September 2014. From north ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2014 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A., Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2014 We monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast from 1 April – 15 September 2014. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North and South Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Snowy Plover Management Area, New River HRA and adjacent lands, and Floras Lake. Our objectives in 2014 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population along the Oregon coast, 2) locate plover nests, 3) determine nest success, 4) use mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators as needed, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, and 7) collect general observational data about predators. We observed an estimated 338 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 280 individuals were known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 346 nests in 2014. Overall apparent nest success was 60%. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation, unknown cause, mammalian depredation, abandonment, wind/weather, one-egg nests, avian depredation, overwashed, infertility, and corvid depredation. We monitored 221 broods, including 12 from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 272 fledglings. Overall brood success was 77%, fledging success was 48%, and 1.68 fledglings per male were produced. Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2014 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A., Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2014 We monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast from 1 April – 15 September 2014. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North and South Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Snowy Plover Management Area, New River HRA and adjacent lands, and Floras Lake. Our objectives in 2014 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population along the Oregon coast, 2) locate plover nests, 3) determine nest success, 4) use mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators as needed, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, and 7) collect general observational data about predators. We observed an estimated 338 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 280 individuals were known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 346 nests in 2014. Overall apparent nest success was 60%. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation, unknown cause, mammalian depredation, abandonment, wind/weather, one-egg nests, avian depredation, overwashed, infertility, and corvid depredation. We monitored 221 broods, including 12 from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 272 fledglings. Overall brood success was 77%, fledging success was 48%, and 1.68 fledglings per male were produced. Close

• 25. [Article] Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Amphibian Chytrid Fungus <i>Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis</i> Occupancy in Amphibian Habitats

  Chytrid fungi are the most ancestral of the fungi and are global in distribution. There are over 1200 species of Chytridiomycota described from freshwater, marine and terrestrial systems in temperate, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Amphibian Chytrid Fungus <i>Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis</i> Occupancy in Amphibian Habitats Author: Chestnut, Tara Year: 2013 Chytrid fungi are the most ancestral of the fungi and are global in distribution. There are over 1200 species of Chytridiomycota described from freshwater, marine and terrestrial systems in temperate, tropical and tundra environments. Chytridiales are characterized by a range of morphologies and share the flask- or pot-like shape of the zoosporangia, within which motile zoospores develop. Chytrids function primarily as plant saprobes and parasites, but some also parasitize animals. Chytrids are observed in conjunction with the decline of freshwater and marine algal blooms, they decompose excess pollen, and comprise the fungal flora in gut of herbivores. Some chytrids also parasitize micro-invertebrates, insects and amphibians. The amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is the only chytrid known to infect a vertebrate host. Bd exists free-living in the aquatic environment. Lab experiments have demonstrated Bd survival on sterilized moist sand for up to three months and it remained infective in lake water for up to seven weeks. Bd cultures can be maintained under lab conditions for several months (personal observation), which suggests Bd can survive in the environment without a host as long as nutrients are not limiting. In the aquatic environment, Bd is detected by filtering water samples to capture free-living zoospores and zoosporangia then performing a qPCR analysis. Bd has not been reliably isolated from sediments. The goal of our research was to study free-living Bd in amphibian habitats to better understand its ecology and host-pathogen dynamics. Title: Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Amphibian Chytrid Fungus <i>Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis</i> Occupancy in Amphibian Habitats Author: Chestnut, Tara Year: 2013 Chytrid fungi are the most ancestral of the fungi and are global in distribution. There are over 1200 species of Chytridiomycota described from freshwater, marine and terrestrial systems in temperate, tropical and tundra environments. Chytridiales are characterized by a range of morphologies and share the flask- or pot-like shape of the zoosporangia, within which motile zoospores develop. Chytrids function primarily as plant saprobes and parasites, but some also parasitize animals. Chytrids are observed in conjunction with the decline of freshwater and marine algal blooms, they decompose excess pollen, and comprise the fungal flora in gut of herbivores. Some chytrids also parasitize micro-invertebrates, insects and amphibians. The amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is the only chytrid known to infect a vertebrate host. Bd exists free-living in the aquatic environment. Lab experiments have demonstrated Bd survival on sterilized moist sand for up to three months and it remained infective in lake water for up to seven weeks. Bd cultures can be maintained under lab conditions for several months (personal observation), which suggests Bd can survive in the environment without a host as long as nutrients are not limiting. In the aquatic environment, Bd is detected by filtering water samples to capture free-living zoospores and zoosporangia then performing a qPCR analysis. Bd has not been reliably isolated from sediments. The goal of our research was to study free-living Bd in amphibian habitats to better understand its ecology and host-pathogen dynamics. Close

• 26. [Article] Non-native Mangroves of Moloka’i, Hawai’i: A Socio-ecological Analysis

  Invasive species are recognized as a leading threat to biodiversity and their management is expensive, time consuming, and labor intensive. Therefore, it is important to review both benefits and detriments ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Non-native Mangroves of Moloka’i, Hawai’i: A Socio-ecological Analysis Author: Lewis, Casey Year: 2017 Invasive species are recognized as a leading threat to biodiversity and their management is expensive, time consuming, and labor intensive. Therefore, it is important to review both benefits and detriments of the species to inform appropriate management decisions. Red mangrove was introduced to Moloka'i, Hawaii in 1902 to mitigate the effects of soil erosion and has since spread along the coast and to adjacent islands creating novel habitat. This study assessed both biological services and social attitudes towards Moloka'i's non-native mangroves to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the species. Zooplankton community structure was examined in mangrove and non-mangrove sites and found to be different depending on the amount of mangroves present. Surveys of Moloka'i residents revealed no majority attitude towards mangroves nor support for complete eradication but residents were highly supportive of active management. Approaching other novel ecosystems created by established non-native species from a socio-ecological view may become more crucial as changes in climate, demographics, and environmental conditions further complicate effects. In our globalized world, non-native species introductions will continue to have both positive and negative effects that vary over time. Therefore, assessment of both social and ecological perspectives may lead to more effective management with greater community support. Title: Non-native Mangroves of Moloka’i, Hawai’i: A Socio-ecological Analysis Author: Lewis, Casey Year: 2017 Invasive species are recognized as a leading threat to biodiversity and their management is expensive, time consuming, and labor intensive. Therefore, it is important to review both benefits and detriments of the species to inform appropriate management decisions. Red mangrove was introduced to Moloka'i, Hawaii in 1902 to mitigate the effects of soil erosion and has since spread along the coast and to adjacent islands creating novel habitat. This study assessed both biological services and social attitudes towards Moloka'i's non-native mangroves to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the species. Zooplankton community structure was examined in mangrove and non-mangrove sites and found to be different depending on the amount of mangroves present. Surveys of Moloka'i residents revealed no majority attitude towards mangroves nor support for complete eradication but residents were highly supportive of active management. Approaching other novel ecosystems created by established non-native species from a socio-ecological view may become more crucial as changes in climate, demographics, and environmental conditions further complicate effects. In our globalized world, non-native species introductions will continue to have both positive and negative effects that vary over time. Therefore, assessment of both social and ecological perspectives may lead to more effective management with greater community support. Close

• 27. [Article] "Ecosystems"

  With: Arbib, M. A. Environmental stimulation and long-term planning.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "Ecosystems" Author: Cooper, William E. Year: 1978 With: Arbib, M. A. Environmental stimulation and long-term planning. Title: "Ecosystems" Author: Cooper, William E. Year: 1978 With: Arbib, M. A. Environmental stimulation and long-term planning. Close

• 28. [Article] "The urban enigma: America's urban alternatives"

  With: Brown, H. S. Energy resources.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "The urban enigma: America's urban alternatives" Author: Salter, Christopher L. Year: 1979 With: Brown, H. S. Energy resources. Title: "The urban enigma: America's urban alternatives" Author: Salter, Christopher L. Year: 1979 With: Brown, H. S. Energy resources. Close

• 29. [Article] Watershed Data Organization and Project Prioritization

  The Oregon Coastal Salmon Restoration Initiative (OCSRI) (1197) is the first of several documents that have come to be known as the Oregon Plan for Salmon and watersheds (OPSW). The OCSRI indicates that ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Watershed Data Organization and Project Prioritization Author: Darling, Joshua Year: 2003 The Oregon Coastal Salmon Restoration Initiative (OCSRI) (1197) is the first of several documents that have come to be known as the Oregon Plan for Salmon and watersheds (OPSW). The OCSRI indicates that protection and restoration of salmonid stocks and improvement in water quality are the main roles for state agencies within the Oregon Plan (EO09-01: 1(b)). The Oregon Plan specifies particular actions that state agencies must take to aid in salmon recovery and also directs the Governors Watershed Enhancement Board (GWEB) to help create and organize watershed councils responsible for assessing conditions and determining priorities for watershed health. Title: Watershed Data Organization and Project Prioritization Author: Darling, Joshua Year: 2003 The Oregon Coastal Salmon Restoration Initiative (OCSRI) (1197) is the first of several documents that have come to be known as the Oregon Plan for Salmon and watersheds (OPSW). The OCSRI indicates that protection and restoration of salmonid stocks and improvement in water quality are the main roles for state agencies within the Oregon Plan (EO09-01: 1(b)). The Oregon Plan specifies particular actions that state agencies must take to aid in salmon recovery and also directs the Governors Watershed Enhancement Board (GWEB) to help create and organize watershed councils responsible for assessing conditions and determining priorities for watershed health. Close

• 30. [Article] Getting Salmon Back in Salmon Creek: Systematizing Comparative Water Quality Analysis for Targeted Restoration

  This presentation focuses on water quality restoration efforts in Salmon Creek

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Getting Salmon Back in Salmon Creek: Systematizing Comparative Water Quality Analysis for Targeted Restoration Author: Grabowski, Zbigniew J., Janjua, Sarah, Swamer, Michael, Chang, Heejun, Watson, Eric Year: 2013 This presentation focuses on water quality restoration efforts in Salmon Creek Title: Getting Salmon Back in Salmon Creek: Systematizing Comparative Water Quality Analysis for Targeted Restoration Author: Grabowski, Zbigniew J., Janjua, Sarah, Swamer, Michael, Chang, Heejun, Watson, Eric Year: 2013 This presentation focuses on water quality restoration efforts in Salmon Creek Close

• 31. [Article] Watershed Solutions: Collaborative Problem Solving for States and Communities

  In July 2002, the National Policy Consensus Center (NPCC) hosted a colloquium for people involved in watershed collaborations, academics, and other experts from government and non-profit organizations. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Watershed Solutions: Collaborative Problem Solving for States and Communities Author: National Policy Consensus Center Year: 2002 In July 2002, the National Policy Consensus Center (NPCC) hosted a colloquium for people involved in watershed collaborations, academics, and other experts from government and non-profit organizations. Its aim was to identify lessons learned from successful watershed initiatives, and to develop recommendations for governors and other state officials on ways to enhance the use and effectiveness of watershed partnerships. This report is an outgrowth of that conference. Studies on watershed collaborations are beginning to identify what makes them successful and what some of the barriers are to greater success. For example, contrary to the fears of some observers, successful collaborations do not shy away from controversial issues. Drawing on a growing list of best practices and lessons learned from experiences across the country, state officials and local partners can be better assured of successful outcomes in collaborative watershed management initiatives. Title: Watershed Solutions: Collaborative Problem Solving for States and Communities Author: National Policy Consensus Center Year: 2002 In July 2002, the National Policy Consensus Center (NPCC) hosted a colloquium for people involved in watershed collaborations, academics, and other experts from government and non-profit organizations. Its aim was to identify lessons learned from successful watershed initiatives, and to develop recommendations for governors and other state officials on ways to enhance the use and effectiveness of watershed partnerships. This report is an outgrowth of that conference. Studies on watershed collaborations are beginning to identify what makes them successful and what some of the barriers are to greater success. For example, contrary to the fears of some observers, successful collaborations do not shy away from controversial issues. Drawing on a growing list of best practices and lessons learned from experiences across the country, state officials and local partners can be better assured of successful outcomes in collaborative watershed management initiatives. Close

• 32. [Article] The Interplay Between Landscape Structure and Biotic Interactions

  Landscape structure and biotic interactions are closely linked. We identify five aspects of landscape structure that contribute to the co-occurrence of species and restrict or enable different types of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Interplay Between Landscape Structure and Biotic Interactions Author: Zarnetske, Phoebe, Baiser, Benjamin, Strecker, Angela L., Record, Sydne, Belmaker, Jonathan, Tuanmu, Mao-Ning Year: 2017 Landscape structure and biotic interactions are closely linked. We identify five aspects of landscape structure that contribute to the co-occurrence of species and restrict or enable different types of biotic interactions: patch size and habitat amount, isolation of patches, barriers to dispersal and movement, persistence of landscape structure, and landscape complexity. In addition, these aspects of landscape structure influence the strength and outcome of biotic interactions. Whereas most research focuses on the effects of the abiotic environment on species and their biotic interactions, research on foundation species and ecosystem engineers demonstrates the important influence of biotic interactions on landscape structure itself, including effects on landscape complexity, extent of habitat, and the structure of landscape features. In this review, we describe ecological theories that lay the foundation for interplay between landscape structure and biotic interactions, and summarize these connections across an array of interacting species in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial systems. We end with suggestions for integrating the fields of landscape ecology and community ecology to better understand the connections between landscape structure and biotic interactions and better predict their dynamics in light of global change. Title: The Interplay Between Landscape Structure and Biotic Interactions Author: Zarnetske, Phoebe, Baiser, Benjamin, Strecker, Angela L., Record, Sydne, Belmaker, Jonathan, Tuanmu, Mao-Ning Year: 2017 Landscape structure and biotic interactions are closely linked. We identify five aspects of landscape structure that contribute to the co-occurrence of species and restrict or enable different types of biotic interactions: patch size and habitat amount, isolation of patches, barriers to dispersal and movement, persistence of landscape structure, and landscape complexity. In addition, these aspects of landscape structure influence the strength and outcome of biotic interactions. Whereas most research focuses on the effects of the abiotic environment on species and their biotic interactions, research on foundation species and ecosystem engineers demonstrates the important influence of biotic interactions on landscape structure itself, including effects on landscape complexity, extent of habitat, and the structure of landscape features. In this review, we describe ecological theories that lay the foundation for interplay between landscape structure and biotic interactions, and summarize these connections across an array of interacting species in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial systems. We end with suggestions for integrating the fields of landscape ecology and community ecology to better understand the connections between landscape structure and biotic interactions and better predict their dynamics in light of global change. Close

• 33. [Article] Woody Biomass Use Trends, Barriers, and Strategies: Perspectives of US Forest Service Managers

  The use of woody biomass is being promoted across the United States as a means of increasing energy independence, mitigating climate change, and reducing the cost of hazardous fuels reduction treatments ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Woody Biomass Use Trends, Barriers, and Strategies: Perspectives of US Forest Service Managers Author: Sundstrom, Shiloh, Nielsen-Pincus, Max, Moseley, Cassandra, McCaffery, Sarah Year: 2012 The use of woody biomass is being promoted across the United States as a means of increasing energy independence, mitigating climate change, and reducing the cost of hazardous fuels reduction treatments and forest restoration projects. The opportunities and challenges for woody biomass use on the national forest system are unique. In addition to making woody biomass usage pencil out, national forest managers must also navigate substantial public engagement and forest planning processes that add to the complexity of fostering woody biomass use opportunities on the national forest system. We report on the results of a survey of US Forest Service managers and staff members (n = 339) about the trends in, barriers to, and strategies for fostering woody biomass use on national forests and their surrounding communities. The results highlight the economic and market challenges as well as the need for a basket of policies focused on a broad array of strategies for biomass use. Title: Woody Biomass Use Trends, Barriers, and Strategies: Perspectives of US Forest Service Managers Author: Sundstrom, Shiloh, Nielsen-Pincus, Max, Moseley, Cassandra, McCaffery, Sarah Year: 2012 The use of woody biomass is being promoted across the United States as a means of increasing energy independence, mitigating climate change, and reducing the cost of hazardous fuels reduction treatments and forest restoration projects. The opportunities and challenges for woody biomass use on the national forest system are unique. In addition to making woody biomass usage pencil out, national forest managers must also navigate substantial public engagement and forest planning processes that add to the complexity of fostering woody biomass use opportunities on the national forest system. We report on the results of a survey of US Forest Service managers and staff members (n = 339) about the trends in, barriers to, and strategies for fostering woody biomass use on national forests and their surrounding communities. The results highlight the economic and market challenges as well as the need for a basket of policies focused on a broad array of strategies for biomass use. Close

• 34. [Article] How 5-day Weather Patterns and Buoyancy Regulation Impact Algal Community Assemblage

  The purpose of this study is to model how 5-day weather patterns and algal buoyancy regulation influence the competition between two bloom forming cyanobacteria species in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. Sudden ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: How 5-day Weather Patterns and Buoyancy Regulation Impact Algal Community Assemblage Author: Brunkalla, Roberta Year: 2016 The purpose of this study is to model how 5-day weather patterns and algal buoyancy regulation influence the competition between two bloom forming cyanobacteria species in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. Sudden changes in weather patterns can quickly impact lake thermal structure, which can rapidly influence the competition between buoyancy regulating cyanobacteria. By modeling competition, I hope to address how altered climate would shift the competitive advantage to toxin forming cyanobacteria. I plan on accomplishing this by coupling a one-dimensional hydrodynamic and algal competition model, with lake specific physiological parameters. A sensitivity test of the model could reveal dramatic shifts in algal competition under future climate change scenarios, which could have implications in how Upper Klamath Lake is managed and how restoration efforts are implemented. Title: How 5-day Weather Patterns and Buoyancy Regulation Impact Algal Community Assemblage Author: Brunkalla, Roberta Year: 2016 The purpose of this study is to model how 5-day weather patterns and algal buoyancy regulation influence the competition between two bloom forming cyanobacteria species in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. Sudden changes in weather patterns can quickly impact lake thermal structure, which can rapidly influence the competition between buoyancy regulating cyanobacteria. By modeling competition, I hope to address how altered climate would shift the competitive advantage to toxin forming cyanobacteria. I plan on accomplishing this by coupling a one-dimensional hydrodynamic and algal competition model, with lake specific physiological parameters. A sensitivity test of the model could reveal dramatic shifts in algal competition under future climate change scenarios, which could have implications in how Upper Klamath Lake is managed and how restoration efforts are implemented. Close

• 35. [Article] Estimating Nutrient Uptake by Mature Tree Roots Under Field Conditions: Challenges and Opportunities

  Nutrient uptake by roots of mature trees is difficult to measure accurately under field conditions using existing methods. In this review, we discuss current techniques for measuring uptake at the root ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Estimating Nutrient Uptake by Mature Tree Roots Under Field Conditions: Challenges and Opportunities Author: Lucash, Melissa S., Eissenstat, Dave M., Joslin, J. Devereux, McFarlane, Karis J., Yanai, Ruth D. Year: 2007 Nutrient uptake by roots of mature trees is difficult to measure accurately under field conditions using existing methods. In this review, we discuss current techniques for measuring uptake at the root surface including excised roots, isotopic tracers, autoradiography, depletion, and lysimeters. Although these methods have provided many insights, each has drawbacks. Estimates of uptake are affected by the sampling scheme, experimental conditions, whether roots are excised or not, concentrations of ions, and the rate of efflux of ions. Microbes and mycorrhizas can also affect estimates of uptake. A greater focus on methods development is critical to advancing our understanding of nutrient uptake of mature trees under conditions representative of those in the field. Title: Estimating Nutrient Uptake by Mature Tree Roots Under Field Conditions: Challenges and Opportunities Author: Lucash, Melissa S., Eissenstat, Dave M., Joslin, J. Devereux, McFarlane, Karis J., Yanai, Ruth D. Year: 2007 Nutrient uptake by roots of mature trees is difficult to measure accurately under field conditions using existing methods. In this review, we discuss current techniques for measuring uptake at the root surface including excised roots, isotopic tracers, autoradiography, depletion, and lysimeters. Although these methods have provided many insights, each has drawbacks. Estimates of uptake are affected by the sampling scheme, experimental conditions, whether roots are excised or not, concentrations of ions, and the rate of efflux of ions. Microbes and mycorrhizas can also affect estimates of uptake. A greater focus on methods development is critical to advancing our understanding of nutrient uptake of mature trees under conditions representative of those in the field. Close

• 36. [Article] Social-Ecological Dynamics of Coral Reef Resource Use and Management

  This dissertation investigates social and ecological factors that facilitate effective management of coral reefs as social-ecological systems. Meta-analytical and field-based methods were employed to examine ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Social-Ecological Dynamics of Coral Reef Resource Use and Management Author: Freed, Sarah J. Year: 2013 This dissertation investigates social and ecological factors that facilitate effective management of coral reefs as social-ecological systems. Meta-analytical and field-based methods were employed to examine current management challenges and identify strategies that improve management effectiveness and coral reef health. A meta-analysis was used to evaluate biological indicators of reef health in relation to the types of fishing regulations in place (no-take areas, gear restriction areas, and periodic closures) and the actor groups (community-based, co-management, state, private) involved in management efforts for coral reef fisheries throughout the world. Other than enhancement of fish biomass within no-take areas that was significantly greater than in gear restriction areas, most biological indicators benefitted similarly from management techniques of no-take areas and gear restriction areas. Community-based and co-management were the best performing management arrangements for some biological outcomes but require further case studies to verify findings. Investigation of management effects by region indicated that previously degraded reefs received fewer benefits from management implementation than did relatively healthier reefs. For field investigations, the Comoros islands in the Western Indian Ocean served as a model for tropical coral reefs with challenging socioeconomic contexts, high biodiversity, and high vulnerability to coral reef degradation. Empirical study at 21 sites was used to identify the relative effects of natural and anthropogenic threats to coral reefs of the Comoros. Most previous studies of reef health focus on primarily natural factors or a single anthropogenic threat. This study examined suites of natural factors and human activities to identify the relative importance of each on reef health. Human activities including fishing, sand extraction, and beachfront housing and development were the best predictors of reef health status. Most notably, human population and fishing predicted fish richness, abundance, and biomass with seasonal variation in the effects, while site orientation strongly predicted benthic cover. Field studies in the Comoros were also used to investigate the roles of community and state actors in co-management and compare effectiveness of comanagement across sites with varying levels of actor participation. Effective management was found to occur with community or `meta-community' (in this case, a Marine Protected Area in which the efforts of several communities were organized) participation in governance and support of state or external agents, while resilient management that overcame considerable challenges was found to occur only with strong community participation and leadership in governance. External agents were found to contribute to development of meta-community governance structure and initiation of community participation through education and capacity building. The findings from these studies reveal that coral reef management can be improved through context appropriate regulations that address detrimental human activities and through wide acceptance and participation in governance with cooperation among states, communities, and external agents. Title: Social-Ecological Dynamics of Coral Reef Resource Use and Management Author: Freed, Sarah J. Year: 2013 This dissertation investigates social and ecological factors that facilitate effective management of coral reefs as social-ecological systems. Meta-analytical and field-based methods were employed to examine current management challenges and identify strategies that improve management effectiveness and coral reef health. A meta-analysis was used to evaluate biological indicators of reef health in relation to the types of fishing regulations in place (no-take areas, gear restriction areas, and periodic closures) and the actor groups (community-based, co-management, state, private) involved in management efforts for coral reef fisheries throughout the world. Other than enhancement of fish biomass within no-take areas that was significantly greater than in gear restriction areas, most biological indicators benefitted similarly from management techniques of no-take areas and gear restriction areas. Community-based and co-management were the best performing management arrangements for some biological outcomes but require further case studies to verify findings. Investigation of management effects by region indicated that previously degraded reefs received fewer benefits from management implementation than did relatively healthier reefs. For field investigations, the Comoros islands in the Western Indian Ocean served as a model for tropical coral reefs with challenging socioeconomic contexts, high biodiversity, and high vulnerability to coral reef degradation. Empirical study at 21 sites was used to identify the relative effects of natural and anthropogenic threats to coral reefs of the Comoros. Most previous studies of reef health focus on primarily natural factors or a single anthropogenic threat. This study examined suites of natural factors and human activities to identify the relative importance of each on reef health. Human activities including fishing, sand extraction, and beachfront housing and development were the best predictors of reef health status. Most notably, human population and fishing predicted fish richness, abundance, and biomass with seasonal variation in the effects, while site orientation strongly predicted benthic cover. Field studies in the Comoros were also used to investigate the roles of community and state actors in co-management and compare effectiveness of comanagement across sites with varying levels of actor participation. Effective management was found to occur with community or `meta-community' (in this case, a Marine Protected Area in which the efforts of several communities were organized) participation in governance and support of state or external agents, while resilient management that overcame considerable challenges was found to occur only with strong community participation and leadership in governance. External agents were found to contribute to development of meta-community governance structure and initiation of community participation through education and capacity building. The findings from these studies reveal that coral reef management can be improved through context appropriate regulations that address detrimental human activities and through wide acceptance and participation in governance with cooperation among states, communities, and external agents. Close

• 37. [Article] Integrating Ecosystem Services, River Restoration and Community: A Case Study at Fisher's Bend

  Natural areas and ecosystem services at the edge of urban areas are threatened by increasing development. This paper examines how community based restoration partnerships can work to identify, protect ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Integrating Ecosystem Services, River Restoration and Community: A Case Study at Fisher's Bend Author: Carlson, Michael Year: 2011 Natural areas and ecosystem services at the edge of urban areas are threatened by increasing development. This paper examines how community based restoration partnerships can work to identify, protect and restore ecosystem services provided by salmon and our local rivers. Floodplains provide a wide range of ecosystem services to urban and rural communities and we should work collaboratively to protect and restore them. Floodplains are especially valuable and important for salmon recovery. By using a case study, we explore the process and feasibility of restoring off-channel salmon habitat at Fisher's Bend in the lower Clackamas river. A feasibility study was conducted to identify costs, benefits and risks of different design alternatives for the side channel. Hydrology of the river and hydraulics of the site were determined by estimating peak and low flow hydrology then running a HEC-RAS hydraulic model. Results indicate that the river overflows into the side channel near the 2 year recurrence interval. On average there is currently about a 50 % chance each year that the river will enter the side channel. These current flows do not provide much opportunity for juvenile salmon to access the side channel where they can grow and thrive in a protected habitat before their journey to the ocean. Further investigation produced results that indicate 95% of the time from 1959-2009 the river discharge was above 726 cfs from October to June. These results highlight that we will need to excavate about 9 feet from current elevations at the side-channel outlet to gain reasonable assurance of a one foot water depth for good salmon access. This depth will provide access from the river during critical periods when adult and juvenile salmon are seeking refuge from predators and high flood flows in the main channel. Although more design is needed for the inlet and outlet it appears the project is feasible and will meet the objective of providing salmonid access to critical habitat. In closing, I recommend investment in natural area protection and restoration at the edges of the urban growth boundary to maintain valuable ecosystem services provided by river floodplains and salmon. Title: Integrating Ecosystem Services, River Restoration and Community: A Case Study at Fisher's Bend Author: Carlson, Michael Year: 2011 Natural areas and ecosystem services at the edge of urban areas are threatened by increasing development. This paper examines how community based restoration partnerships can work to identify, protect and restore ecosystem services provided by salmon and our local rivers. Floodplains provide a wide range of ecosystem services to urban and rural communities and we should work collaboratively to protect and restore them. Floodplains are especially valuable and important for salmon recovery. By using a case study, we explore the process and feasibility of restoring off-channel salmon habitat at Fisher's Bend in the lower Clackamas river. A feasibility study was conducted to identify costs, benefits and risks of different design alternatives for the side channel. Hydrology of the river and hydraulics of the site were determined by estimating peak and low flow hydrology then running a HEC-RAS hydraulic model. Results indicate that the river overflows into the side channel near the 2 year recurrence interval. On average there is currently about a 50 % chance each year that the river will enter the side channel. These current flows do not provide much opportunity for juvenile salmon to access the side channel where they can grow and thrive in a protected habitat before their journey to the ocean. Further investigation produced results that indicate 95% of the time from 1959-2009 the river discharge was above 726 cfs from October to June. These results highlight that we will need to excavate about 9 feet from current elevations at the side-channel outlet to gain reasonable assurance of a one foot water depth for good salmon access. This depth will provide access from the river during critical periods when adult and juvenile salmon are seeking refuge from predators and high flood flows in the main channel. Although more design is needed for the inlet and outlet it appears the project is feasible and will meet the objective of providing salmonid access to critical habitat. In closing, I recommend investment in natural area protection and restoration at the edges of the urban growth boundary to maintain valuable ecosystem services provided by river floodplains and salmon. Close

• 38. [Article] Report on Wintering Western Snowy Plovers at Coos Bay North Spit and Impacts to Plovers from The North Jetty Repair Project, Winter 2009

  The Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) breeds along the coast of the Pacific Ocean in California, Oregon, and Washington and at alkaline lakes in the interior of the western United ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Report on Wintering Western Snowy Plovers at Coos Bay North Spit and Impacts to Plovers from The North Jetty Repair Project, Winter 2009 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2009 The Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) breeds along the coast of the Pacific Ocean in California, Oregon, and Washington and at alkaline lakes in the interior of the western United States (Page et al. 1991). Loss of habitat, predation pressures, and disturbance have caused the decline of the coastal population of Snowy Plovers and led to the listing of the Pacific Coast Population of Western Snowy Plovers as Threatened on March 5, 1993 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1993). Oregon Western Snowy Plovers are known to winter along the coast of Oregon as well as migrate to other wintering locations, mainly in California (Lauten et al. 2001, ORNHIC unpublished data). Previous winter surveys along the Oregon coast (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, unpublished data, ORNHIC unpublished data) have documented the locations of wintering Snowy Plovers. Coos Bay North Spit (CBNS) is one location where plovers are known to winter. During the winter of 2008-2009, Army Corp of Engineers (ACOE) contracted Kerr Contractors, Inc. to complete repairs on the North Jetty of the Coos River. ACOE consulted with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) regarding impacts to sensitive species including Western Snowy Plover. ACOE contracted Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center (ORNHIC) to complete two Snowy Plover surveys prior to jetty repair work, two plover surveys per week during repair work, and two plover surveys post repair work to document any potential impacts to wintering plovers. In winter, plovers tend to spend much of their time roosting along the high tide wrack line, but also spend time foraging, often on the wet sand near the surf (ORHIC, unpublished data). At CBNS, winter Snowy Plover survey data has shown that plovers will roost and feed on the beach north of the North Jetty, but also spend time roosting on the South Spoil and Habitat Restoration Areas (HRAs) east of the foredune. Large 20-ton dump trucks and other large equipment were used to haul material to the North Jetty. Vehicles used the foredune road that bisects the HRAs. Our objectives were to survey and monitor Snowy Plovers on the beach, HRAs, and South Spoil, to document the number of plovers using the area and any impacts or disturbance to the plovers during the North Jetty repair project. Title: Report on Wintering Western Snowy Plovers at Coos Bay North Spit and Impacts to Plovers from The North Jetty Repair Project, Winter 2009 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2009 The Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) breeds along the coast of the Pacific Ocean in California, Oregon, and Washington and at alkaline lakes in the interior of the western United States (Page et al. 1991). Loss of habitat, predation pressures, and disturbance have caused the decline of the coastal population of Snowy Plovers and led to the listing of the Pacific Coast Population of Western Snowy Plovers as Threatened on March 5, 1993 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1993). Oregon Western Snowy Plovers are known to winter along the coast of Oregon as well as migrate to other wintering locations, mainly in California (Lauten et al. 2001, ORNHIC unpublished data). Previous winter surveys along the Oregon coast (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, unpublished data, ORNHIC unpublished data) have documented the locations of wintering Snowy Plovers. Coos Bay North Spit (CBNS) is one location where plovers are known to winter. During the winter of 2008-2009, Army Corp of Engineers (ACOE) contracted Kerr Contractors, Inc. to complete repairs on the North Jetty of the Coos River. ACOE consulted with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) regarding impacts to sensitive species including Western Snowy Plover. ACOE contracted Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center (ORNHIC) to complete two Snowy Plover surveys prior to jetty repair work, two plover surveys per week during repair work, and two plover surveys post repair work to document any potential impacts to wintering plovers. In winter, plovers tend to spend much of their time roosting along the high tide wrack line, but also spend time foraging, often on the wet sand near the surf (ORHIC, unpublished data). At CBNS, winter Snowy Plover survey data has shown that plovers will roost and feed on the beach north of the North Jetty, but also spend time roosting on the South Spoil and Habitat Restoration Areas (HRAs) east of the foredune. Large 20-ton dump trucks and other large equipment were used to haul material to the North Jetty. Vehicles used the foredune road that bisects the HRAs. Our objectives were to survey and monitor Snowy Plovers on the beach, HRAs, and South Spoil, to document the number of plovers using the area and any impacts or disturbance to the plovers during the North Jetty repair project. Close

• 39. [Article] Strengthening the Resiliency of Dryland Forest-Based Livelihoods in Ethiopia and South Sudan: A Review of Literature on the Interaction Between Dryland Forests, Livelihoods and Forest Governance

  Dry forests account for nearly half of the world’s tropical and subtropical forests and provide a multitude of ecological services. They contribute to hydrological cycles and livestock and wildlife provisioning; ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Strengthening the Resiliency of Dryland Forest-Based Livelihoods in Ethiopia and South Sudan: A Review of Literature on the Interaction Between Dryland Forests, Livelihoods and Forest Governance Author: Lawry, Steven, McLain, Rebecca J., Kassa, Habtemariam Year: 2015 Dry forests account for nearly half of the world’s tropical and subtropical forests and provide a multitude of ecological services. They contribute to hydrological cycles and livestock and wildlife provisioning; and host pollinators and wild plants. They are also important ecological zones for dryland agriculture and pastoral livelihood strategies that support hundreds of millions of people around the world. Dry forests cover large areas and their biomass stores carbon and helps mitigate climate change. Dry forests are particularly important to people in Africa. They provide wood for construction and energy, contribute to local diets with wild fruits, vegetables, nuts, edible insects and bushmeat. Wild, edible plants provide essential nutrients, particularly during times of food scarcity. Yet dry forests are subject to high rates of deforestation and degradation driven mainly by agricultural expansion and growing energy demands. Other challenges include limited information on dry forests (their inventories, changes over time, major drivers of deforestation and recovery, etc.), their biophysical aspects and ecosystem services and the potential roles they could play in increasing the sustainability of crop and livestock farming. Governments, development partners and communities are looking for options to better manage these resources at the landscape level. Dry forests are complex ecosystems that are not fully understood. Scientific knowledge to better manage dry forests and sustain the livelihoods of people that depend on these ecosystems remains scanty as research to inform policy and practice is still very limited. The knowledge gap is even more pronounced in northeastern Africa, notably Ethiopia and South Sudan where these forest types are important in terms of areas coverage and in supporting rural livelihoods. Ethiopia and South Sudan share histories of political unrest and conflict that have contributed to famines; large-scale land acquisition for investment and agricultural expansion by smallholders are resulting in major and rapid land-use changes in their dry forested areas. Ethiopia’s two decades of peace and stability and its experience in managing its natural resources could inform post-conflict intervention measures in South Sudan. This study was conducted as an effort to help fill the knowledge gap in dry forest-based livelihoods through a critical review of the available literature. It used publications from CIFOR’s work on dry forests and product marketing in Ethiopia and from other sources, including gray literature. The study assessed the socio-ecological context, including relevant laws and strategies, with an emphasis on the biophysical characteristics of the dryland forests of Ethiopia and South Sudan and the major causes of deforestation and forest degradation. Using livelihood systems as an analytical framework, it examined (i) major livelihood strategies; (ii) the contribution of dry forests to livelihoods; (iii) forest product markets and value chains; and (iv) forest and land governance with an emphasis on the relationship between political, economic and resource management policies and the level of degradation of dry forests and their contributions to the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities in Ethiopia and South Sudan. It also identified major threats to dry, forest-based livelihoods and key issues for policy, research and practice that need to be addressed to maintain the multifunctionality of dryland forests while also ensuring the well-being of communities dependent on these landscapes. Title: Strengthening the Resiliency of Dryland Forest-Based Livelihoods in Ethiopia and South Sudan: A Review of Literature on the Interaction Between Dryland Forests, Livelihoods and Forest Governance Author: Lawry, Steven, McLain, Rebecca J., Kassa, Habtemariam Year: 2015 Dry forests account for nearly half of the world’s tropical and subtropical forests and provide a multitude of ecological services. They contribute to hydrological cycles and livestock and wildlife provisioning; and host pollinators and wild plants. They are also important ecological zones for dryland agriculture and pastoral livelihood strategies that support hundreds of millions of people around the world. Dry forests cover large areas and their biomass stores carbon and helps mitigate climate change. Dry forests are particularly important to people in Africa. They provide wood for construction and energy, contribute to local diets with wild fruits, vegetables, nuts, edible insects and bushmeat. Wild, edible plants provide essential nutrients, particularly during times of food scarcity. Yet dry forests are subject to high rates of deforestation and degradation driven mainly by agricultural expansion and growing energy demands. Other challenges include limited information on dry forests (their inventories, changes over time, major drivers of deforestation and recovery, etc.), their biophysical aspects and ecosystem services and the potential roles they could play in increasing the sustainability of crop and livestock farming. Governments, development partners and communities are looking for options to better manage these resources at the landscape level. Dry forests are complex ecosystems that are not fully understood. Scientific knowledge to better manage dry forests and sustain the livelihoods of people that depend on these ecosystems remains scanty as research to inform policy and practice is still very limited. The knowledge gap is even more pronounced in northeastern Africa, notably Ethiopia and South Sudan where these forest types are important in terms of areas coverage and in supporting rural livelihoods. Ethiopia and South Sudan share histories of political unrest and conflict that have contributed to famines; large-scale land acquisition for investment and agricultural expansion by smallholders are resulting in major and rapid land-use changes in their dry forested areas. Ethiopia’s two decades of peace and stability and its experience in managing its natural resources could inform post-conflict intervention measures in South Sudan. This study was conducted as an effort to help fill the knowledge gap in dry forest-based livelihoods through a critical review of the available literature. It used publications from CIFOR’s work on dry forests and product marketing in Ethiopia and from other sources, including gray literature. The study assessed the socio-ecological context, including relevant laws and strategies, with an emphasis on the biophysical characteristics of the dryland forests of Ethiopia and South Sudan and the major causes of deforestation and forest degradation. Using livelihood systems as an analytical framework, it examined (i) major livelihood strategies; (ii) the contribution of dry forests to livelihoods; (iii) forest product markets and value chains; and (iv) forest and land governance with an emphasis on the relationship between political, economic and resource management policies and the level of degradation of dry forests and their contributions to the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities in Ethiopia and South Sudan. It also identified major threats to dry, forest-based livelihoods and key issues for policy, research and practice that need to be addressed to maintain the multifunctionality of dryland forests while also ensuring the well-being of communities dependent on these landscapes. Close

• 40. [Article] Factors of Successful Collaboration: Oregon's Watershed Councils as Collaborative Systems

  The public sector, business professionals and organization leaders are among some of the diverse entities increasingly viewing collaboration as a useful, and at times necessary, practice. Collaborative ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Factors of Successful Collaboration: Oregon's Watershed Councils as Collaborative Systems Author: Doherty, Meghan, National Policy Consensus Center Year: 2015 The public sector, business professionals and organization leaders are among some of the diverse entities increasingly viewing collaboration as a useful, and at times necessary, practice. Collaborative systems are networks formed by individuals who repeatedly interact over long time horizons to solve problems and achieve goals they could not on their own. Throughout the academic literature, there are many references to and definitions of collaborative systems or networks, as well as various opinions on what factors enable these systems to be successful. However, these are usually context-specific or limited to the perspective of a certain discipline. Furthermore, empirical literature usually hones in on collaborative projects; networks working together within a predetermined timeframe and towards a specific desired outcome. This research had two objectives. The first was to identify the common factors effecting collaborative performance and possible collaboration benefits from the various academic disciplines and use them to develop a construct for collaborative systems. The project then utilized the rich history of Oregon’s watershed councils as a case study and applied this construct to their boards as they represent a diverse set of collaborative groups that have been in operation for over twenty years. This research measured the identified factors effecting collaborative performance and compared them to the benefits received through a combination of survey questions and outside research, resulting in averaged “factor” and “benefit” scores across all responses as well as for four case study watershed councils. The final step was to use regression analysis to understand the relationship between the factors and collaboration benefits This research developed and tested a construct for collaborative systems by identifying commonly cited factors across varied academic disciples. Through application to Oregon’s watershed councils, this research acquired preliminary data in order to identify the positive relationship between factors and benefits. In addition, it identified opportunities for enhancing watershed council collaborative performance by ranking these factor scores. Further research is needed to expand the application of these findings, as well as to test these factors in other collaborative systems. Title: Factors of Successful Collaboration: Oregon's Watershed Councils as Collaborative Systems Author: Doherty, Meghan, National Policy Consensus Center Year: 2015 The public sector, business professionals and organization leaders are among some of the diverse entities increasingly viewing collaboration as a useful, and at times necessary, practice. Collaborative systems are networks formed by individuals who repeatedly interact over long time horizons to solve problems and achieve goals they could not on their own. Throughout the academic literature, there are many references to and definitions of collaborative systems or networks, as well as various opinions on what factors enable these systems to be successful. However, these are usually context-specific or limited to the perspective of a certain discipline. Furthermore, empirical literature usually hones in on collaborative projects; networks working together within a predetermined timeframe and towards a specific desired outcome. This research had two objectives. The first was to identify the common factors effecting collaborative performance and possible collaboration benefits from the various academic disciplines and use them to develop a construct for collaborative systems. The project then utilized the rich history of Oregon’s watershed councils as a case study and applied this construct to their boards as they represent a diverse set of collaborative groups that have been in operation for over twenty years. This research measured the identified factors effecting collaborative performance and compared them to the benefits received through a combination of survey questions and outside research, resulting in averaged “factor” and “benefit” scores across all responses as well as for four case study watershed councils. The final step was to use regression analysis to understand the relationship between the factors and collaboration benefits This research developed and tested a construct for collaborative systems by identifying commonly cited factors across varied academic disciples. Through application to Oregon’s watershed councils, this research acquired preliminary data in order to identify the positive relationship between factors and benefits. In addition, it identified opportunities for enhancing watershed council collaborative performance by ranking these factor scores. Further research is needed to expand the application of these findings, as well as to test these factors in other collaborative systems. Close

• 41. [Article] Administrative Design for Yakima-Klickitat Production Project: Final Report

  This report provides the administrative design to implement the Yakima/Klickitat Production Project. This project is a scientifically designed salmon fishery restoration project funded by the Bonneville ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Administrative Design for Yakima-Klickitat Production Project: Final Report Author: Churchill, Jack, Shissler, Lee, Edner, Sheldon, Smith, Randy Year: 1990 This report provides the administrative design to implement the Yakima/Klickitat Production Project. This project is a scientifically designed salmon fishery restoration project funded by the Bonneville Power Administration in compliance with the .fishery policies established by the Northwest Power Planning Council under the authority of the Northwest Power Planning Act. This project breaks new ground in the field of fishery management. It is the first full scale application of supplementation technology directed toward maintaining and rebuilding native fish stocks and sub stocks with hatchery rearing methods. The work of the organization is an inherently more complex production function than traditional fish hatchery operations. This is in part because the project requires a high level of continuing quality control. It is also due in part because the fisheries management takes place over an extended geographical space of the watershed. The pre-design work for this project has been underway since 1987 by an ad hoc planning group composed of representative of the Yakima Indian Nation, the Washington Department of Fisheries and the Washington Department of Wildlife, and private consultants under funding of the Bonneville Power Administration. The project experimental design has been developed by the Experimental Design Work Group. The Bonneville Power Administration is contracting for design and construction of the fish rearing facilities. The research challenge was to design an organization to .implement the adaptive management concept of biological systems management. The management of complex biological systems such as salmon fish runs is character:ized by a high degree of uncertainty. Management for uncertain outcomes requires an organizational process that will induce a continuing learning atmosphere. Over time, most bureaucratic organizations suffer from inertia and are not conducive to a learning environment. Research methods involved the review of literature and related administrative experience, an interview process, a modified Delphi questionnaire, a series of group dynamic exercises, and observation of the work teams during the last six months of the planing process. The results of our research suggest that a new non-profit corporation be formed to implement the program under the direction of the three primary fish management basin agencies. The corporation should have flexibility and the organization will be phased in during the five year planning and construction cycle. A primary result of our research is the conclusion that the team management concept be the dominant organizational unit for both management of field operations and for management of scientific design and evaluation. Title: Administrative Design for Yakima-Klickitat Production Project: Final Report Author: Churchill, Jack, Shissler, Lee, Edner, Sheldon, Smith, Randy Year: 1990 This report provides the administrative design to implement the Yakima/Klickitat Production Project. This project is a scientifically designed salmon fishery restoration project funded by the Bonneville Power Administration in compliance with the .fishery policies established by the Northwest Power Planning Council under the authority of the Northwest Power Planning Act. This project breaks new ground in the field of fishery management. It is the first full scale application of supplementation technology directed toward maintaining and rebuilding native fish stocks and sub stocks with hatchery rearing methods. The work of the organization is an inherently more complex production function than traditional fish hatchery operations. This is in part because the project requires a high level of continuing quality control. It is also due in part because the fisheries management takes place over an extended geographical space of the watershed. The pre-design work for this project has been underway since 1987 by an ad hoc planning group composed of representative of the Yakima Indian Nation, the Washington Department of Fisheries and the Washington Department of Wildlife, and private consultants under funding of the Bonneville Power Administration. The project experimental design has been developed by the Experimental Design Work Group. The Bonneville Power Administration is contracting for design and construction of the fish rearing facilities. The research challenge was to design an organization to .implement the adaptive management concept of biological systems management. The management of complex biological systems such as salmon fish runs is character:ized by a high degree of uncertainty. Management for uncertain outcomes requires an organizational process that will induce a continuing learning atmosphere. Over time, most bureaucratic organizations suffer from inertia and are not conducive to a learning environment. Research methods involved the review of literature and related administrative experience, an interview process, a modified Delphi questionnaire, a series of group dynamic exercises, and observation of the work teams during the last six months of the planing process. The results of our research suggest that a new non-profit corporation be formed to implement the program under the direction of the three primary fish management basin agencies. The corporation should have flexibility and the organization will be phased in during the five year planning and construction cycle. A primary result of our research is the conclusion that the team management concept be the dominant organizational unit for both management of field operations and for management of scientific design and evaluation. Close

• 42. [Article] Vegetation, Environmental Characteristics, and their Relationships: Variation within the Annually Flooded Riparian Zones of the John Day River Basin, Oregon

  I hypothesized that vegetation and physical environmental characteristics would differ between the upper and lower extents of the annually flooded riparian zone on the John Day River, and that relationships ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vegetation, Environmental Characteristics, and their Relationships: Variation within the Annually Flooded Riparian Zones of the John Day River Basin, Oregon Author: Hartsfield, Samuel J. Year: 2009 I hypothesized that vegetation and physical environmental characteristics would differ between the upper and lower extents of the annually flooded riparian zone on the John Day River, and that relationships between species and environmental variables would display differences between these two zones. Vegetation, environmental variables, and relationships between them were assessed for the entire annually flooded riparian zone, and for the proposed upper and lower zones. Data were collected from 60 one-square-meter quadrats: 30 in each the upper and lower zones. Sites were randomly selected and located so that flood duration was roughly equal at all sites within each zone. 34 plant species were encountered: 25 in the upper zone, 27 in the lower zone. Wetland obligate and facultative wetland species groups and eight individual species accounted for statistically different percentages ofquadrat cover between zones. ANOSIM analysis identified two statistically distinct vegetation communities between the two zones. Soil texture averaged 75.85% sand and 20.81% fines. Sand ranged between 36.69% and 95.55%. Fines ranged between 2.54% and 58.84%. A horizon depths and fine soil particle concentrations were greater in the upper zone. Coarser soils with more sand and gravel dominated the lower zone. All enviromnental variables studied, except pH, were highly variable throughout the study area. ANOSIM analysis results suggest that the upper and lower zones have distinct, statistically different physical environments from each other. Regression analyses relating species quadrat cover to physical environmental variables were performed for the total, upper, and lower riparian zones. Numerous differences were identified between the upper and lower riparian zones that the riparian scale analyses did not represent accurately. There were ten instances in which the zone scale analyses identified a relationship in either the upper or lower zone, while the corresponding riparian scale analysis failed to identify any relationship. The results of this study indicate that vegetation and the physical environment are statistically different between the upper and lower zones on this river, and that relationships between a given plant species and environmental variable can vary between zones. Future research and management efforts should consider and address the potential for such between-zone variation. Title: Vegetation, Environmental Characteristics, and their Relationships: Variation within the Annually Flooded Riparian Zones of the John Day River Basin, Oregon Author: Hartsfield, Samuel J. Year: 2009 I hypothesized that vegetation and physical environmental characteristics would differ between the upper and lower extents of the annually flooded riparian zone on the John Day River, and that relationships between species and environmental variables would display differences between these two zones. Vegetation, environmental variables, and relationships between them were assessed for the entire annually flooded riparian zone, and for the proposed upper and lower zones. Data were collected from 60 one-square-meter quadrats: 30 in each the upper and lower zones. Sites were randomly selected and located so that flood duration was roughly equal at all sites within each zone. 34 plant species were encountered: 25 in the upper zone, 27 in the lower zone. Wetland obligate and facultative wetland species groups and eight individual species accounted for statistically different percentages ofquadrat cover between zones. ANOSIM analysis identified two statistically distinct vegetation communities between the two zones. Soil texture averaged 75.85% sand and 20.81% fines. Sand ranged between 36.69% and 95.55%. Fines ranged between 2.54% and 58.84%. A horizon depths and fine soil particle concentrations were greater in the upper zone. Coarser soils with more sand and gravel dominated the lower zone. All enviromnental variables studied, except pH, were highly variable throughout the study area. ANOSIM analysis results suggest that the upper and lower zones have distinct, statistically different physical environments from each other. Regression analyses relating species quadrat cover to physical environmental variables were performed for the total, upper, and lower riparian zones. Numerous differences were identified between the upper and lower riparian zones that the riparian scale analyses did not represent accurately. There were ten instances in which the zone scale analyses identified a relationship in either the upper or lower zone, while the corresponding riparian scale analysis failed to identify any relationship. The results of this study indicate that vegetation and the physical environment are statistically different between the upper and lower zones on this river, and that relationships between a given plant species and environmental variable can vary between zones. Future research and management efforts should consider and address the potential for such between-zone variation. Close

• 43. [Article] Climate Change and Land Management Impact Rangeland Condition and Sage-Grouse Habitat in Southeastern Oregon

  Contemporary pressures on sagebrush steppe from climate change, exotic species, wildfire, and land use change threaten rangeland species such as the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). To ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate Change and Land Management Impact Rangeland Condition and Sage-Grouse Habitat in Southeastern Oregon Author: Creutzburg, Megan K., Henderson, Emilie B., Conklin, David R. Year: 2015 Contemporary pressures on sagebrush steppe from climate change, exotic species, wildfire, and land use change threaten rangeland species such as the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). To effectively manage sagebrush steppe landscapes for long-term goals, managers need information about the potential impacts of climate change, disturbances, and management activities. We integrated information from a dynamic global vegetation model, a sage-grouse habitat climate envelope model, and a state-and-transition simulation model to project broad-scale vegetation dynamics and potential sage-grouse habitat across 23.5 million acres in southeastern Oregon. We evaluated four climate scenarios, including continuing current climate and three scenarios of global climate change, and three management scenarios, including no management, current management and a sage-grouse habitat restoration scenario. All climate change scenarios projected expansion of moist shrub steppe and contraction of dry shrub steppe, but climate scenarios varied widely in the projected extent of xeric shrub steppe, where hot, dry summer conditions are unfavorable for sage-grouse. Wildfire increased by 26% over the century under current climate due to exotic grass encroachment, and by two- to four-fold across all climate change scenarios as extreme fire years became more frequent. Exotic grasses rapidly expanded in all scenarios as large areas of the landscape initially in semi-degraded condition converted to exotic-dominated systems. Due to the combination of exotic grass invasion, juniper encroachment, and climatic unsuitability for sage-grouse, projected sage-grouse habitat declined in the first several decades, but increased in area under the three climate change scenarios later in the century, as moist shrub steppe increased and rangeland condition improved. Management activities in the model were generally unsuccessful in controlling exotic grass invasion but were effective in slowing woodland expansion. Current levels of restoration treatments were insufficient to prevent some juniper expansion, but increased treatment rates under the restoration scenario maintained juniper near initial levels in priority treatment areas. Our simulations indicate that climate change may have both positive and negative implications for maintaining sage-grouse habitat. Title: Climate Change and Land Management Impact Rangeland Condition and Sage-Grouse Habitat in Southeastern Oregon Author: Creutzburg, Megan K., Henderson, Emilie B., Conklin, David R. Year: 2015 Contemporary pressures on sagebrush steppe from climate change, exotic species, wildfire, and land use change threaten rangeland species such as the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). To effectively manage sagebrush steppe landscapes for long-term goals, managers need information about the potential impacts of climate change, disturbances, and management activities. We integrated information from a dynamic global vegetation model, a sage-grouse habitat climate envelope model, and a state-and-transition simulation model to project broad-scale vegetation dynamics and potential sage-grouse habitat across 23.5 million acres in southeastern Oregon. We evaluated four climate scenarios, including continuing current climate and three scenarios of global climate change, and three management scenarios, including no management, current management and a sage-grouse habitat restoration scenario. All climate change scenarios projected expansion of moist shrub steppe and contraction of dry shrub steppe, but climate scenarios varied widely in the projected extent of xeric shrub steppe, where hot, dry summer conditions are unfavorable for sage-grouse. Wildfire increased by 26% over the century under current climate due to exotic grass encroachment, and by two- to four-fold across all climate change scenarios as extreme fire years became more frequent. Exotic grasses rapidly expanded in all scenarios as large areas of the landscape initially in semi-degraded condition converted to exotic-dominated systems. Due to the combination of exotic grass invasion, juniper encroachment, and climatic unsuitability for sage-grouse, projected sage-grouse habitat declined in the first several decades, but increased in area under the three climate change scenarios later in the century, as moist shrub steppe increased and rangeland condition improved. Management activities in the model were generally unsuccessful in controlling exotic grass invasion but were effective in slowing woodland expansion. Current levels of restoration treatments were insufficient to prevent some juniper expansion, but increased treatment rates under the restoration scenario maintained juniper near initial levels in priority treatment areas. Our simulations indicate that climate change may have both positive and negative implications for maintaining sage-grouse habitat. Close

• 44. [Article] The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2010

  From 8 April – 27 September 2010 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2010 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A., Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2010 From 8 April – 27 September 2010 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, New River, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2010 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue selective use of mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators and evaluate whether exclosure use can be reduced, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational information about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 232-236 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 175 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 261 nests in 2010, the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990. Overall Mayfield nest success was 25%. Exclosed nests (n = 67) had a 72% apparent nest success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 194) had a 23% apparent nest success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (24%), unknown cause (17%), one-egg nests (15%), rodent depredation (14%), abandonment (12%), wind/weather (5%), corvid depredation (5%), mammalian depredation (4%), wave overwash (2%), infertility (2%), and adult depredation (1%). We monitored 94 broods, including two from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 80 fledglings. Overall brood success was 55%, fledging success was 33%, and 0.90 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2010 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A., Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2010 From 8 April – 27 September 2010 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, New River, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2010 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue selective use of mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators and evaluate whether exclosure use can be reduced, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational information about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 232-236 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 175 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 261 nests in 2010, the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990. Overall Mayfield nest success was 25%. Exclosed nests (n = 67) had a 72% apparent nest success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 194) had a 23% apparent nest success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (24%), unknown cause (17%), one-egg nests (15%), rodent depredation (14%), abandonment (12%), wind/weather (5%), corvid depredation (5%), mammalian depredation (4%), wave overwash (2%), infertility (2%), and adult depredation (1%). We monitored 94 broods, including two from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 80 fledglings. Overall brood success was 55%, fledging success was 33%, and 0.90 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Close

• 45. [Article] The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2011

  From 6 April – 19 September 2011 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2011 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A., Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2011 From 6 April – 19 September 2011 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, New River, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2011 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue use of mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators when and where needed, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 247-253 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 214 individuals were known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 289 nests in 2011, the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990. Overall apparent nest success was 50%. Exclosed nests (n = 48) had a 71% apparent nest success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 241) had a 48% apparent nest success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (22%), corvid depredation (20%), unknown cause (18%), one-egg nests (16%), abandonment (15%), wind/weather (3%), mammalian depredation (2%), adult plover depredation (2%), infertility (1%), and rodent depredation (1%). We monitored 148 broods, including four from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 168 fledglings. Overall brood success was 71%, fledging success was 46%, and 1.57 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2011 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A., Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2011 From 6 April – 19 September 2011 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, New River, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2011 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue use of mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators when and where needed, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 247-253 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 214 individuals were known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 289 nests in 2011, the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990. Overall apparent nest success was 50%. Exclosed nests (n = 48) had a 71% apparent nest success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 241) had a 48% apparent nest success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (22%), corvid depredation (20%), unknown cause (18%), one-egg nests (16%), abandonment (15%), wind/weather (3%), mammalian depredation (2%), adult plover depredation (2%), infertility (1%), and rodent depredation (1%). We monitored 148 broods, including four from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 168 fledglings. Overall brood success was 71%, fledging success was 46%, and 1.57 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Close

• 46. [Article] The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2012

  From 5 April – 21 September 2012 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2012 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A., Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2012 From 5 April – 21 September 2012 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Snowy Plover Management Area, New River HRA and adjacent lands, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2012 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) determine nest success, 4) use mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators as needed, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 290-91 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 231-238 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 314 nests in 2012; the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990. Overall apparent nest success was 45%. Exclosed nests (n = 22) had an 82% apparent nest success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 289) had a 42% apparent nest success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation, unknown cause, corvid depredation, abandonment, one egg nests, wind/weather, mammalian depredation, overwashing, adult plover depredation, and infertility. We monitored 154 broods, including 11 from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 173 fledglings. Overall brood success was 70%, fledging success was 43%, and 1.37 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2012 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Kotaich, Adam A., Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2012 From 5 April – 21 September 2012 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Snowy Plover Management Area, New River HRA and adjacent lands, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2012 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) determine nest success, 4) use mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators as needed, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 290-91 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 231-238 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 314 nests in 2012; the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990. Overall apparent nest success was 45%. Exclosed nests (n = 22) had an 82% apparent nest success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 289) had a 42% apparent nest success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation, unknown cause, corvid depredation, abandonment, one egg nests, wind/weather, mammalian depredation, overwashing, adult plover depredation, and infertility. We monitored 154 broods, including 11 from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 173 fledglings. Overall brood success was 70%, fledging success was 43%, and 1.37 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Close

• 47. [Article] The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2013

  From 26 March – 19 September 2013 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2013 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Breyer, Melissa F., Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2013 From 26 March – 19 September 2013 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North and South Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Snowy Plover Management Area, New River HRA and adjacent lands, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2013 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) determine nest success, 4) use mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators as needed, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 304 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 190-191 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 381 nests in 2013; the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990. Overall apparent nest success was 24%. Exclosed nests (n = 18) had an 83% apparent nest success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 362) had a 21% apparent nest success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation, unknown cause, avian depredation, corvid depredation, one-egg nests, wind/weather, abandonment, mammalian depredation, overwashed, infertility, and adult plover depredation. We monitored 101 broods, including eight from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 103 fledglings. Overall brood success was 71%, fledging success was 39%, and 1.04 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to maintain recovery goals. Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2013 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Breyer, Melissa F., Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2013 From 26 March – 19 September 2013 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North and South Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Snowy Plover Management Area, New River HRA and adjacent lands, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2013 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) determine nest success, 4) use mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators as needed, 5) determine fledging success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 304 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 190-191 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990. We monitored 381 nests in 2013; the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990. Overall apparent nest success was 24%. Exclosed nests (n = 18) had an 83% apparent nest success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 362) had a 21% apparent nest success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation, unknown cause, avian depredation, corvid depredation, one-egg nests, wind/weather, abandonment, mammalian depredation, overwashed, infertility, and adult plover depredation. We monitored 101 broods, including eight from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 103 fledglings. Overall brood success was 71%, fledging success was 39%, and 1.04 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to maintain recovery goals. Close

• 48. [Article] The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2007

  From 3 April – 21 September 2007, we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2007 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Pruner, Raya, Friel, Marvin, Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2007 From 3 April – 21 September 2007, we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, and New River. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2007 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue selected use of mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators and evaluate whether exclosure use can be reduced, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledgling success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 181-184 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 162 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990, and we found the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990 (n = 202). Overall Mayfield nest success was 33%. Exclosed nests (n=38) had a 66% success rate, and unexclosed nests (n=164) had a 41% success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (20%), one-egg nests (20%), corvid depredation (17%), abandonment (16%), unknown cause (7%), unknown mammal depredation (7%), overwashed (3%), infertility (3%), coyote depredation (3%), wind/weather (3%), raccoon depredation (1%), and adult plover depredation (1%). We monitored 89 broods, including four from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 123 fledglings; the highest number of fledglings since monitoring began in 1990. Overall brood success was 82%, fledgling success was 54%, and 1.60 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2007 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Pruner, Raya, Friel, Marvin, Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2007 From 3 April – 21 September 2007, we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, and New River. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2007 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue selected use of mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators and evaluate whether exclosure use can be reduced, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledgling success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 181-184 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 162 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990, and we found the highest number of nests since monitoring began in 1990 (n = 202). Overall Mayfield nest success was 33%. Exclosed nests (n=38) had a 66% success rate, and unexclosed nests (n=164) had a 41% success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (20%), one-egg nests (20%), corvid depredation (17%), abandonment (16%), unknown cause (7%), unknown mammal depredation (7%), overwashed (3%), infertility (3%), coyote depredation (3%), wind/weather (3%), raccoon depredation (1%), and adult plover depredation (1%). We monitored 89 broods, including four from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 123 fledglings; the highest number of fledglings since monitoring began in 1990. Overall brood success was 82%, fledgling success was 54%, and 1.60 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Close

• 49. [Article] The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2008

  From 1 April – 24 September 2008, we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2008 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Bailey, David C., Lewis, Travis, Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2008 From 1 April – 24 September 2008, we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, and New River. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2008 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue selected use of miniexclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators and evaluate whether exclosure use can be reduced, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledgling success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 187-199 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 129 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990, and we found 196 nests in 2008. Overall Mayfield nest success was 30%. Exclosed nests (n = 51) had a 44% success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 145) had a 38% success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (28%), one-egg nests (17%), corvid depredation (15%), abandonment (15%), unknown cause (9%), wind (6%), overwashed (6%), adult depredation (2%), infertility (2%), unknown mammal depredation (1%), and weasel depredation (1%). We monitored 70 broods, including three from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 71 fledglings. Overall brood success was 66%, fledgling success was 47%, and 1.13 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2008 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Bailey, David C., Lewis, Travis, Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2008 From 1 April – 24 September 2008, we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, and New River. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2008 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue selected use of miniexclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators and evaluate whether exclosure use can be reduced, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledgling success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 187-199 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 129 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990, and we found 196 nests in 2008. Overall Mayfield nest success was 30%. Exclosed nests (n = 51) had a 44% success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 145) had a 38% success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (28%), one-egg nests (17%), corvid depredation (15%), abandonment (15%), unknown cause (9%), wind (6%), overwashed (6%), adult depredation (2%), infertility (2%), unknown mammal depredation (1%), and weasel depredation (1%). We monitored 70 broods, including three from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 71 fledglings. Overall brood success was 66%, fledgling success was 47%, and 1.13 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Close

• 50. [Article] The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2009

  From 3 April – 23 September 2009 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2009 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Herlyn, Hendrik G., Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2009 From 3 April – 23 September 2009 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, New River, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2009 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue selective use of mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators and evaluate whether exclosure use can be reduced, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledgling success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 199-206 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 149-150 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990, and we found 236 nests in 2009. Overall Mayfield nest success was 23%. Exclosed nests (n = 34) had a 76% success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 202) had a 25% success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (29%), rodent depredation (21%), unknown cause (17%), oneegg nests (12%), corvid depredation (8%), abandonment (7%), wave overwash (2%), infertility (1%), wind (1%), canine depredation (1%), and raccoon depredation (1%). We monitored 88 broods, including eight from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 106 fledglings. Overall brood success was 73%, fledgling success was 50%, and 1.33 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Title: The Distribution and Reproductive Success of the Western Snowy Plover along the Oregon Coast - 2009 Author: Lauten, David J., Castelein, Kathleen J., Farrar, J. Daniel, Herlyn, Hendrik G., Gaines, Eleanor P. Year: 2009 From 3 April – 23 September 2009 we monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally Threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) along the Oregon coast. From north to south, we surveyed and monitored plover activity at Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Beach, New River, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the Oregon coastal population in 2009 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy Plover population, 2) locate plover nests, 3) continue selective use of mini-exclosures (MEs) to protect nests from predators and evaluate whether exclosure use can be reduced, 4) determine nest success, 5) determine fledgling success, 6) monitor brood movements, 7) collect general observational data about predators, and 8) evaluate the effectiveness of predator management. We observed an estimated 199-206 adult Snowy Plovers; a minimum of 149-150 individuals was known to have nested. The adult plover population was the highest estimate recorded since monitoring began in 1990, and we found 236 nests in 2009. Overall Mayfield nest success was 23%. Exclosed nests (n = 34) had a 76% success rate, and unexclosed nests (n = 202) had a 25% success rate. Nest failures were attributed to unknown depredation (29%), rodent depredation (21%), unknown cause (17%), oneegg nests (12%), corvid depredation (8%), abandonment (7%), wave overwash (2%), infertility (1%), wind (1%), canine depredation (1%), and raccoon depredation (1%). We monitored 88 broods, including eight from unknown nests, and documented a minimum of 106 fledglings. Overall brood success was 73%, fledgling success was 50%, and 1.33 fledglings per male were produced. Continued predator management, habitat improvement and maintenance, and management of recreational activities at all sites are recommended to achieve recovery goals. Close