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• 1. [Image] Geothermal Heating System for the Children's Museum of Utah

  	The results of a study to determine the engineering and economic feasibility of using the Wasatch Hot Spring resource for space heating of the Children's Library building are presented. The Wasatch Hot ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Heating System for the Children's Museum of Utah Author: Karlsson, T. Year: 1984 The results of a study to determine the engineering and economic feasibility of using the Wasatch Hot Spring resource for space heating of the Children's Library building are presented. The Wasatch Hot Spring with a reported flow of about 63 gpm (240 l/min) at an average temperature of 104/sup 0/F is not capable of furnishing the needed heat for the Children's Museum building. The underground paths along which the thermal waters flow to their outlets at the Warm Springs Fault are not presently known. It is possible if the thermal water ascends from the deep layers of the earth along the Warm Springs Fault that increased geothermal flow at a higher temperature can be produced by drilling into the fault. Assuming that sufficient geothermal fluid quantity is produced by drilling in the area, an analysis is made of a geothermal heating system for the building based on different fluid temperatures. It is assumed that the present and planned heating systems be left intact with the gas fired boilers taking over during cold periods when the geothermal system fails to provide sufficient heat. Economic analysis shows that the geothermal system is very attractive, even for the lowest geothermal fluid temperature considered (110/sup 0/F) Title: Geothermal Heating System for the Children's Museum of Utah Author: Karlsson, T. Year: 1984 The results of a study to determine the engineering and economic feasibility of using the Wasatch Hot Spring resource for space heating of the Children's Library building are presented. The Wasatch Hot Spring with a reported flow of about 63 gpm (240 l/min) at an average temperature of 104/sup 0/F is not capable of furnishing the needed heat for the Children's Museum building. The underground paths along which the thermal waters flow to their outlets at the Warm Springs Fault are not presently known. It is possible if the thermal water ascends from the deep layers of the earth along the Warm Springs Fault that increased geothermal flow at a higher temperature can be produced by drilling into the fault. Assuming that sufficient geothermal fluid quantity is produced by drilling in the area, an analysis is made of a geothermal heating system for the building based on different fluid temperatures. It is assumed that the present and planned heating systems be left intact with the gas fired boilers taking over during cold periods when the geothermal system fails to provide sufficient heat. Economic analysis shows that the geothermal system is very attractive, even for the lowest geothermal fluid temperature considered (110/sup 0/F) Close

• 2. [Image] Geothermal Investigations in Idaho. Part 8. Heat Flow Study of the Snake River Plain Region, Idaho

  	The Snake River Plain of Idaho has recent lava flows and a large number of thermal springs and wells. A heat flow study was initiated which, together with available geological and geophysical information, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Investigations in Idaho. Part 8. Heat Flow Study of the Snake River Plain Region, Idaho Author: Brott, C.A. Year: 1976 The Snake River Plain of Idaho has recent lava flows and a large number of thermal springs and wells. A heat flow study was initiated which, together with available geological and geophysical information, allows a better definition of the geothermal resource and evaluation of the geothermal potential. Local geothermal anomalies were not the objects of this study and have not been studied in detail. The quality of the heat flow values obtained varies as interpretation was necessary to determine geothermal gradients for many of the holes which had disturbances. A major problem in determining the heat flow values is the lack of knowledge of the in situ porosity of the rocks. The heat flow values obtained for the Eastern Snake River Plain are from shallow wells (< 200 m), hence the heat flow there is low (< 0.5 HFU) because of the water movement in the Snake Plain aquifer. The anomalous regional heat flow pattern around the Snake River Plain, together with other geophysical and geological data, suggest the presence of a major crustal heat source. With the exception of the area of the Snake Plain aquifer, high geothermal gradients were found in all areas of southern Idaho (40 to 100/sup 0/C/km). Temperatures hot enough for space heating can be found most anywhere in the Plain at relatively shallow depths (1 to 2 km). Temperatures hot enough for electrical power generation (200/sup 0/C) can be found beneath southern Idaho almost anywhere at depths of 3 to 4 kilometers. The Plain is fault bounded and hot water circulating along the fault zones from depths can be a very important geothermal resource at shallow depths. The margins of the Plain have the highest heat flow values, are the most faulted, and have possibly the highest geothermal resource potential Title: Geothermal Investigations in Idaho. Part 8. Heat Flow Study of the Snake River Plain Region, Idaho Author: Brott, C.A. Year: 1976 The Snake River Plain of Idaho has recent lava flows and a large number of thermal springs and wells. A heat flow study was initiated which, together with available geological and geophysical information, allows a better definition of the geothermal resource and evaluation of the geothermal potential. Local geothermal anomalies were not the objects of this study and have not been studied in detail. The quality of the heat flow values obtained varies as interpretation was necessary to determine geothermal gradients for many of the holes which had disturbances. A major problem in determining the heat flow values is the lack of knowledge of the in situ porosity of the rocks. The heat flow values obtained for the Eastern Snake River Plain are from shallow wells (< 200 m), hence the heat flow there is low (< 0.5 HFU) because of the water movement in the Snake Plain aquifer. The anomalous regional heat flow pattern around the Snake River Plain, together with other geophysical and geological data, suggest the presence of a major crustal heat source. With the exception of the area of the Snake Plain aquifer, high geothermal gradients were found in all areas of southern Idaho (40 to 100/sup 0/C/km). Temperatures hot enough for space heating can be found most anywhere in the Plain at relatively shallow depths (1 to 2 km). Temperatures hot enough for electrical power generation (200/sup 0/C) can be found beneath southern Idaho almost anywhere at depths of 3 to 4 kilometers. The Plain is fault bounded and hot water circulating along the fault zones from depths can be a very important geothermal resource at shallow depths. The margins of the Plain have the highest heat flow values, are the most faulted, and have possibly the highest geothermal resource potential Close

• 3. [Image] Geological and Geophysical Analysis of Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole No. 1 (CGEH-1), Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California

  	The Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole number one (CGEH-1) was drilled in the Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California from September 2 to December 2, 1977. Chip samples were collected at ten foot intervals and ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geological and Geophysical Analysis of Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole No. 1 (CGEH-1), Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California Author: Galbraith, R.M. Year: 1978 The Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole number one (CGEH-1) was drilled in the Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California from September 2 to December 2, 1977. Chip samples were collected at ten foot intervals and extensive geophysical logging surveys were conducted to document the geologic character of the geothermal system as penetrated by CGEH-1. The major rock units encountered include a mafic metamorphic sequence and a leucogranite which intruded the metamorphic rocks. Only weak hydrothermal alteration was noted in these rocks. Drillhole surveys and drilling rate data indicate that the geothermal system is structurally controlled and that the drillhole itself was strongly influenced by structural zones. Water chemistry indicates that this geothermal resource is a hot-water rather than a vapor-dominated system. Several geophysical logs were employed to characterize the drillhole geology. The natural gamma and neutron porosity logs indicate gross rock type and the acoustic logs indicate fractured rock and potentially permeable zones. A series of temperature logs run as a function of time during and after the completion of Drilling were most Useful in delineating the zones of maximum heat flux. Convective heat flow and temperatures greater than 350/sup 0/F appear to occur only along an open fracture system encountered between depths of 1850 and 2775 feet. Temperature logs indicate a negative thermal gradient below 3000 feet Title: Geological and Geophysical Analysis of Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole No. 1 (CGEH-1), Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California Author: Galbraith, R.M. Year: 1978 The Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole number one (CGEH-1) was drilled in the Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California from September 2 to December 2, 1977. Chip samples were collected at ten foot intervals and extensive geophysical logging surveys were conducted to document the geologic character of the geothermal system as penetrated by CGEH-1. The major rock units encountered include a mafic metamorphic sequence and a leucogranite which intruded the metamorphic rocks. Only weak hydrothermal alteration was noted in these rocks. Drillhole surveys and drilling rate data indicate that the geothermal system is structurally controlled and that the drillhole itself was strongly influenced by structural zones. Water chemistry indicates that this geothermal resource is a hot-water rather than a vapor-dominated system. Several geophysical logs were employed to characterize the drillhole geology. The natural gamma and neutron porosity logs indicate gross rock type and the acoustic logs indicate fractured rock and potentially permeable zones. A series of temperature logs run as a function of time during and after the completion of Drilling were most Useful in delineating the zones of maximum heat flux. Convective heat flow and temperatures greater than 350/sup 0/F appear to occur only along an open fracture system encountered between depths of 1850 and 2775 feet. Temperature logs indicate a negative thermal gradient below 3000 feet Close

• 4. [Image] Site-Specific Analysis of Hybrid Geothermal / Fossil Power Plants Volume One: Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA

  	The economics of a particular hybrid plant must be evaluated with respect to a specific site. This volume focuses on the Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA. The temperature, pressure, and flow rate data given ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Site-Specific Analysis of Hybrid Geothermal / Fossil Power Plants Volume One: Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA Author: Burbank City Public Service Dept., CA (USA) Year: 1977 The economics of a particular hybrid plant must be evaluated with respect to a specific site. This volume focuses on the Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA. The temperature, pressure, and flow rate data given suggests the site deserves serious consideration for a hybrid plant. Key siting considerations which must be addressed before an economic judgment can be attempted are presented as follows: the availability, quality, and cost of coal; the availability of water; and the availability of transmission. Seismological and climate factors are presented Title: Site-Specific Analysis of Hybrid Geothermal / Fossil Power Plants Volume One: Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA Author: Burbank City Public Service Dept., CA (USA) Year: 1977 The economics of a particular hybrid plant must be evaluated with respect to a specific site. This volume focuses on the Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA. The temperature, pressure, and flow rate data given suggests the site deserves serious consideration for a hybrid plant. Key siting considerations which must be addressed before an economic judgment can be attempted are presented as follows: the availability, quality, and cost of coal; the availability of water; and the availability of transmission. Seismological and climate factors are presented Close

• 5. [Image] Petrology of the Quaternary Volcanics of the Roosevelt KGRA, and Adjoining Area, Utah. Final Report, Volume 1

  	The Roosevelt KGRA (Known Geothermal Resource Area) located near Milford, Utah, is associated with a suite of quaternary silicic volcanics distributed for 15 km along the crest and western flank of the ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Petrology of the Quaternary Volcanics of the Roosevelt KGRA, and Adjoining Area, Utah. Final Report, Volume 1 Author: Nash, W.P. Year: 1976 The Roosevelt KGRA (Known Geothermal Resource Area) located near Milford, Utah, is associated with a suite of quaternary silicic volcanics distributed for 15 km along the crest and western flank of the Mineral Mountains, a large tertiary granite batholith. The volcanics are high-silica rhyolites and occur as domes, flows and tuffs. Initial eruptions resulted in two flows of low viscosity, phenocryst-poor rhyolite. Later activity consisted of pyroclastic eruptions and the emplacement of at least 9 viscous domes. In addition to abundant glass the rhyolites contain alkali feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, iron-titanium oxides and small amounts of hornblende, allanite, apatite, zircon, sphene and topaz. Magmatic temperatures were about 700C and water fugacities ranged from 350 to 3450 bars. Based on water fugacity calculations it is concluded that there may have been one or more shallow magma chambers in the Mineral Range at depths of about 1.6 km. Title: Petrology of the Quaternary Volcanics of the Roosevelt KGRA, and Adjoining Area, Utah. Final Report, Volume 1 Author: Nash, W.P. Year: 1976 The Roosevelt KGRA (Known Geothermal Resource Area) located near Milford, Utah, is associated with a suite of quaternary silicic volcanics distributed for 15 km along the crest and western flank of the Mineral Mountains, a large tertiary granite batholith. The volcanics are high-silica rhyolites and occur as domes, flows and tuffs. Initial eruptions resulted in two flows of low viscosity, phenocryst-poor rhyolite. Later activity consisted of pyroclastic eruptions and the emplacement of at least 9 viscous domes. In addition to abundant glass the rhyolites contain alkali feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, iron-titanium oxides and small amounts of hornblende, allanite, apatite, zircon, sphene and topaz. Magmatic temperatures were about 700C and water fugacities ranged from 350 to 3450 bars. Based on water fugacity calculations it is concluded that there may have been one or more shallow magma chambers in the Mineral Range at depths of about 1.6 km. Close

• 6. [Image] Potential Growth of Electric Power Production from Imperial Valley Geothermal Resources

  	The growth of geothermal electric power operations in Imperial Valley, California is projected over the next 40 years. With commercial power forecast to become available in the 1980's, the scenario considers ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Potential Growth of Electric Power Production from Imperial Valley Geothermal Resources Author: Ermak, D.L. Year: 1977 The growth of geothermal electric power operations in Imperial Valley, California is projected over the next 40 years. With commercial power forecast to become available in the 1980's, the scenario considers three subsequent growth rates: 40, 100, and 250 MW per year. These growth rates, along with estimates of the total resource size, result in a maximum level of electric power production ranging from 1000 to 8000 MW to be attained in the 2010 to 2020 time period. Power plant siting constraints are developed and used to make siting patterns for the 400- through 8000-MW level of power production. Two geothermal technologies are included in the scenario: flashed steam systems that produce cooling water from the geothermal steam condensate and emit noncondensable gases to the atmosphere; and high pressure, confined flow systems that inject the geothermal fluid back into the ground. An analysis of the scenario is made with regard to well drilling and power plant construction rates, land use, cooling water requirements, and hydrogen sulfide emissions Title: Potential Growth of Electric Power Production from Imperial Valley Geothermal Resources Author: Ermak, D.L. Year: 1977 The growth of geothermal electric power operations in Imperial Valley, California is projected over the next 40 years. With commercial power forecast to become available in the 1980's, the scenario considers three subsequent growth rates: 40, 100, and 250 MW per year. These growth rates, along with estimates of the total resource size, result in a maximum level of electric power production ranging from 1000 to 8000 MW to be attained in the 2010 to 2020 time period. Power plant siting constraints are developed and used to make siting patterns for the 400- through 8000-MW level of power production. Two geothermal technologies are included in the scenario: flashed steam systems that produce cooling water from the geothermal steam condensate and emit noncondensable gases to the atmosphere; and high pressure, confined flow systems that inject the geothermal fluid back into the ground. An analysis of the scenario is made with regard to well drilling and power plant construction rates, land use, cooling water requirements, and hydrogen sulfide emissions Close

• 7. [Image] Initial Investigation of Soil Mercury Geochemistry as an Aid to Drill Site Selection in Geothermal Systems

  	A mercury-in-soil survey was conducted at the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA), Utah, to evaluate mercury soil geochemistry as a method of selecting exploration well sites in ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Initial Investigation of Soil Mercury Geochemistry as an Aid to Drill Site Selection in Geothermal Systems Author: Capuano, R.M. Year: 1978 A mercury-in-soil survey was conducted at the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA), Utah, to evaluate mercury soil geochemistry as a method of selecting exploration well sites in a hot-water geothermal system. Samples of -80 mesh soil were collected at 30.5 m intervals along traverses crossing known structures, surficial geothermal alteration, and exploration well sites, and were analyzed using a Gold Film Mercury Detector. Strong mercury anomalies occur at locations along known structures in close proximity to subsurface thermal activity; examples include areas over hot spring deposits and near a shallow producing well. In contrast, background mercury concentrations are present in nearby locations with little or no indication of subsurface thermal activity, such as areas around deep marginal producing wells and dry wells, and areas lacking hot spring deposits. These results indicate that mercury geochemical surveys can be useful for identifying and mapping structures controlling fluid flow in geothermal systems and for delineating areas overlying near-surface thermal activity. Soil mercury geochemistry thus provides information which may aid in the cost-effective selection of exploratory well sites Title: Initial Investigation of Soil Mercury Geochemistry as an Aid to Drill Site Selection in Geothermal Systems Author: Capuano, R.M. Year: 1978 A mercury-in-soil survey was conducted at the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA), Utah, to evaluate mercury soil geochemistry as a method of selecting exploration well sites in a hot-water geothermal system. Samples of -80 mesh soil were collected at 30.5 m intervals along traverses crossing known structures, surficial geothermal alteration, and exploration well sites, and were analyzed using a Gold Film Mercury Detector. Strong mercury anomalies occur at locations along known structures in close proximity to subsurface thermal activity; examples include areas over hot spring deposits and near a shallow producing well. In contrast, background mercury concentrations are present in nearby locations with little or no indication of subsurface thermal activity, such as areas around deep marginal producing wells and dry wells, and areas lacking hot spring deposits. These results indicate that mercury geochemical surveys can be useful for identifying and mapping structures controlling fluid flow in geothermal systems and for delineating areas overlying near-surface thermal activity. Soil mercury geochemistry thus provides information which may aid in the cost-effective selection of exploratory well sites Close