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• 11. [Image] Correspondence, June 1910

  	Correspondence discussing lecture plans and the inclusion of William Finley’s articles in Technical World Magazine and Everybody’s Magazine. Additional topics include the possible replacement of Claude ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Correspondence, June 1910 Author: Hunting, H. G.; Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Holly, F. M.; Cosgrave, John O'Hara; Palmer, T. S. (Theodore Sherman), 1868-1955; Hibbard, Claude C. Year: 1910 Correspondence discussing lecture plans and the inclusion of William Finley’s articles in Technical World Magazine and Everybody’s Magazine. Additional topics include the possible replacement of Claude Hibbard as Game Warden for the Malheur Lake Reservation and notes from Hibbard on the increase of wading bird populations at the Malheur Reserve. Title: Correspondence, June 1910 Author: Hunting, H. G.; Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Holly, F. M.; Cosgrave, John O'Hara; Palmer, T. S. (Theodore Sherman), 1868-1955; Hibbard, Claude C. Year: 1910 Correspondence discussing lecture plans and the inclusion of William Finley’s articles in Technical World Magazine and Everybody’s Magazine. Additional topics include the possible replacement of Claude Hibbard as Game Warden for the Malheur Lake Reservation and notes from Hibbard on the increase of wading bird populations at the Malheur Reserve. Close

• 12. [Image] Correspondence, September 1910

  	Correspondence discussing William Finley’s lectures for farmers' institutes in California, promoting the agricultural value of birds. Additional topics include a proposal for the federal protection of ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Correspondence, September 1910 Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Sunset Magazine (Firm); Job, Herbert Keightley, 1864-1933; Dutcher, William, 1846-1920; Grinnell, George Bird, 1849-1938; Ward, C. H.; Finley, Irene Year: 1910 Correspondence discussing William Finley’s lectures for farmers' institutes in California, promoting the agricultural value of birds. Additional topics include a proposal for the federal protection of migratory birds and efforts to remove protection for meadowlarks in California. Title: Correspondence, September 1910 Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Sunset Magazine (Firm); Job, Herbert Keightley, 1864-1933; Dutcher, William, 1846-1920; Grinnell, George Bird, 1849-1938; Ward, C. H.; Finley, Irene Year: 1910 Correspondence discussing William Finley’s lectures for farmers' institutes in California, promoting the agricultural value of birds. Additional topics include a proposal for the federal protection of migratory birds and efforts to remove protection for meadowlarks in California. Close

• 13. [Article] Avian Affairs: A Study of the Occurrence and Benefits of Extra-pair Breeding Behavior in Eastern Kingbirds (Tyrannus Tyrannus)

  Over three consecutive breeding seasons I examined the breeding system of Eastern Kingbirds in Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in SE, Oregon. To assess genetic paternity, I optimized seven microsatellite ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Avian Affairs: A Study of the Occurrence and Benefits of Extra-pair Breeding Behavior in Eastern Kingbirds (Tyrannus Tyrannus) Author: Dolan, Amy Catherine Year: 2006 Over three consecutive breeding seasons I examined the breeding system of Eastern Kingbirds in Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in SE, Oregon. To assess genetic paternity, I optimized seven microsatellite markers and determined that extra pair paternity was common. Extra-pair young were present in approximately 60% of nests, representing 47% of young. I examined implications of extra-pair paternity from three perspectives. First, I examined the impact of extra-pair paternity on the opportunity for sexual selection within a socially monogamous system and identified correlates of male reproductive success. Some males were successful at the expense of others, and 24% of males did not sire any young. Thus, variance in male reproductive success was more than nine times greater than female variance, indicating that sexual selection operates strongly in this system. Extra-pair success was positively related to tarsus length and inversely dependent upon dawn song start time. Within-pair success was positively related to nest defense intensity during the incubation period. Second, I assessed the four genetic hypotheses proposed to explain female cooperation in extra-pair copulations. Extra-pair young were not distributed randomly among broods. Cuckolded within-pair males were not more closely related to females than were extra-pair sires. Pair wise comparisons indicated males with specific song and morphological traits were chosen as sires. Brood success (proportion of brood to fledge and recruit) was unrelated to thenumber of males who sired young in the brood. Extra-pair young were larger and heavier than their within-pair half-siblings. These results unambiguously support the 'good genes' hypothesis of female extra-pair mating. Last, I examined the influence of breeding date and parental condition (mother, social father and genetic sire) on offspring sex ratio. Given that male variance in reproductive success is much greater than that of females, I predicted the characters of genetic sires would be the most important factor influencing offspring sex ratio. Contrary to my prediction, male traits did not influence offspring sex ratio. However, more males hatched early in the season and females in better condition produced more sons. I also found that male nestling survival to the next breeding season was inversely related to date. Title: Avian Affairs: A Study of the Occurrence and Benefits of Extra-pair Breeding Behavior in Eastern Kingbirds (Tyrannus Tyrannus) Author: Dolan, Amy Catherine Year: 2006 Over three consecutive breeding seasons I examined the breeding system of Eastern Kingbirds in Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in SE, Oregon. To assess genetic paternity, I optimized seven microsatellite markers and determined that extra pair paternity was common. Extra-pair young were present in approximately 60% of nests, representing 47% of young. I examined implications of extra-pair paternity from three perspectives. First, I examined the impact of extra-pair paternity on the opportunity for sexual selection within a socially monogamous system and identified correlates of male reproductive success. Some males were successful at the expense of others, and 24% of males did not sire any young. Thus, variance in male reproductive success was more than nine times greater than female variance, indicating that sexual selection operates strongly in this system. Extra-pair success was positively related to tarsus length and inversely dependent upon dawn song start time. Within-pair success was positively related to nest defense intensity during the incubation period. Second, I assessed the four genetic hypotheses proposed to explain female cooperation in extra-pair copulations. Extra-pair young were not distributed randomly among broods. Cuckolded within-pair males were not more closely related to females than were extra-pair sires. Pair wise comparisons indicated males with specific song and morphological traits were chosen as sires. Brood success (proportion of brood to fledge and recruit) was unrelated to thenumber of males who sired young in the brood. Extra-pair young were larger and heavier than their within-pair half-siblings. These results unambiguously support the 'good genes' hypothesis of female extra-pair mating. Last, I examined the influence of breeding date and parental condition (mother, social father and genetic sire) on offspring sex ratio. Given that male variance in reproductive success is much greater than that of females, I predicted the characters of genetic sires would be the most important factor influencing offspring sex ratio. Contrary to my prediction, male traits did not influence offspring sex ratio. However, more males hatched early in the season and females in better condition produced more sons. I also found that male nestling survival to the next breeding season was inversely related to date. Close

• 14. [Article] Determination of the value to planners of incorporating ecotourist needs data in the interpretive planning process

  The purpose of this study was to answer the following question: What was the perceived value to planners of incorporating information from ecotourists about their perceived needs in the standard system ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Determination of the value to planners of incorporating ecotourist needs data in the interpretive planning process Author: Masberg, Barbara Ann The purpose of this study was to answer the following question: What was the perceived value to planners of incorporating information from ecotourists about their perceived needs in the standard system presently being used to plan interpretation? The Ecotourist Needs Assessment (ETNA) process was proposed as an external needs assessment. To exemplify this process, an instrument called Ecotourist Needs Assessment Instrument (ETNAI) was developed to collect input from ecotourists who visited the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. A case resulted from the process. The ETNAI case was used to obtain planners' opinions about whether ETNA had value in the context of data collection and inventory in interpretive planning. The ETNAI case included developing and validating the ETNAI and providing a procedure for implementing ETNAI. Upon completion of the ETNAI case, an interview guide was developed and administered to interpretive planners. Interpretive planners were asked how they currently plan interpretation and collect information to decide interpretive topics. Other questions dealt with their feelings regarding the usefulness of the ETNA and the data collected using the ETNA. The interpretive planners described the current system and provided information about the proposed system (ETNA). Currently, decisions involving interpretation are based on three factors: 1) money, 2) mandates/missions, and/or 3) management. The interpretive planner chose outside (external) groups except during a master planning process when the general public provided input. The outside groups included: professionals, the public, and recreation providers. The current methods used to collect information were informal or considered casual. When contrasted with the proposed method, the interpretive planners felt the ETNA had value. This was reflected in their suggestions for use: As an evaluation tool after an interpretive program is given to a specific audience. As a method to assess the interpretive needs of visitors and specific audiences for interpretation. As a technique to access visitors and the public, both general and specific. As a mechanism to collect data at public meetings. As a systematic routine to develop interpretation, to provide feedback for further development, and to evaluate interpretation embedded in the site system. As a method to effectively determine the distribution of funds. Title: Determination of the value to planners of incorporating ecotourist needs data in the interpretive planning process Author: Masberg, Barbara Ann The purpose of this study was to answer the following question: What was the perceived value to planners of incorporating information from ecotourists about their perceived needs in the standard system presently being used to plan interpretation? The Ecotourist Needs Assessment (ETNA) process was proposed as an external needs assessment. To exemplify this process, an instrument called Ecotourist Needs Assessment Instrument (ETNAI) was developed to collect input from ecotourists who visited the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. A case resulted from the process. The ETNAI case was used to obtain planners' opinions about whether ETNA had value in the context of data collection and inventory in interpretive planning. The ETNAI case included developing and validating the ETNAI and providing a procedure for implementing ETNAI. Upon completion of the ETNAI case, an interview guide was developed and administered to interpretive planners. Interpretive planners were asked how they currently plan interpretation and collect information to decide interpretive topics. Other questions dealt with their feelings regarding the usefulness of the ETNA and the data collected using the ETNA. The interpretive planners described the current system and provided information about the proposed system (ETNA). Currently, decisions involving interpretation are based on three factors: 1) money, 2) mandates/missions, and/or 3) management. The interpretive planner chose outside (external) groups except during a master planning process when the general public provided input. The outside groups included: professionals, the public, and recreation providers. The current methods used to collect information were informal or considered casual. When contrasted with the proposed method, the interpretive planners felt the ETNA had value. This was reflected in their suggestions for use: As an evaluation tool after an interpretive program is given to a specific audience. As a method to assess the interpretive needs of visitors and specific audiences for interpretation. As a technique to access visitors and the public, both general and specific. As a mechanism to collect data at public meetings. As a systematic routine to develop interpretation, to provide feedback for further development, and to evaluate interpretation embedded in the site system. As a method to effectively determine the distribution of funds. Close

• 15. [Image] Correspondence, July 1910

  	Correspondence discussing possible lectures in the eastern United States, inclusion of William Finley’s article, “The Intelligence of Birds”, in Everybody’s Magazine, and a report created by Finley on ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Correspondence, July 1910 Author: Grinnell, Joseph, 1877-1939; Hooper, Franklin William, 1851-1914; Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Holly, F. M.; Dutcher, William, 1846-1920; Sunset Magazine (Firm) Year: 1910 Correspondence discussing possible lectures in the eastern United States, inclusion of William Finley’s article, “The Intelligence of Birds”, in Everybody’s Magazine, and a report created by Finley on the conditions of bird reservations in Arizona and New Mexico. Correspondence also discusses charges brought against Claude Hibbard, Game Warden of the Malheur Lake Reservation. Title: Correspondence, July 1910 Author: Grinnell, Joseph, 1877-1939; Hooper, Franklin William, 1851-1914; Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Holly, F. M.; Dutcher, William, 1846-1920; Sunset Magazine (Firm) Year: 1910 Correspondence discussing possible lectures in the eastern United States, inclusion of William Finley’s article, “The Intelligence of Birds”, in Everybody’s Magazine, and a report created by Finley on the conditions of bird reservations in Arizona and New Mexico. Correspondence also discusses charges brought against Claude Hibbard, Game Warden of the Malheur Lake Reservation. Close

• 16. [Image] Correspondence, August 1910

  	Correspondence discussing William Finley's plans to create a demonstration train exhibit and lecture to farmers' institutes in California regarding the economic value of birds. Additional topics include ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Correspondence, August 1910 Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Pearson, T. Gilbert (Thomas Gilbert), 1873-1943; Bowdish, B. S.; Sunset Magazine (Firm); Stevenson, R. O.; Oldys, Henry; Cole, Leon J. (Leon Jacob), 1877-1948; Palmer, T. S. (Theodore Sherman), 1868-1955 Year: 1910 Correspondence discussing William Finley's plans to create a demonstration train exhibit and lecture to farmers' institutes in California regarding the economic value of birds. Additional topics include Finley’s plans to publish a book about condors, the inclusion of a biographical sketch of Finley in Bird Lore, and possible appointment of Grover N. Jameson as the new Game Warden of the Malheur Lake Reservation. Title: Correspondence, August 1910 Author: Finley, William L. (William Lovell), 1876-1953; Pearson, T. Gilbert (Thomas Gilbert), 1873-1943; Bowdish, B. S.; Sunset Magazine (Firm); Stevenson, R. O.; Oldys, Henry; Cole, Leon J. (Leon Jacob), 1877-1948; Palmer, T. S. (Theodore Sherman), 1868-1955 Year: 1910 Correspondence discussing William Finley's plans to create a demonstration train exhibit and lecture to farmers' institutes in California regarding the economic value of birds. Additional topics include Finley’s plans to publish a book about condors, the inclusion of a biographical sketch of Finley in Bird Lore, and possible appointment of Grover N. Jameson as the new Game Warden of the Malheur Lake Reservation. Close