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• 1. [Article] Lichen Functional Trait Variation Along an East-West Climatic Gradient in Oregon and Among Habitats in Katmai National Park, Alaska

  Functional traits of vascular plants have been an important component of ecological studies for a number of years; however, in more recent times vascular plant ecologists have begun to formalize a set ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Lichen Functional Trait Variation Along an East-West Climatic Gradient in Oregon and Among Habitats in Katmai National Park, Alaska Author: Spickerman, Kaleigh Functional traits of vascular plants have been an important component of ecological studies for a number of years; however, in more recent times vascular plant ecologists have begun to formalize a set of key traits and universal system of trait measurement. Many recent studies hypothesize global generality of trait patterns, which would allow for comparison among ecosystems and biomes and provide a foundation for general rules and theories, the so-called “Holy Grail” of ecology. However, the majority of these studies focus on functional trait patterns of vascular plants, with a minority examining the patterns of cryptograms such as lichens. Lichens are an important component of many ecosystems due to their contributions to biodiversity and their key ecosystem services, such as contributions to mineral and hydrological cycles and ecosystem food webs. Lichens are also of special interest because of their reliance on atmospheric deposition for nutrients and water, which makes them particularly sensitive to air pollution. Therefore, they are often used as bioindicators of air pollution, climate change, and general ecosystem health. This thesis examines the functional trait patterns of lichens in two contrasting regions with fundamentally different kinds of data. To better understand the patterns of lichen functional traits, we examined reproductive, morphological, and chemical trait variation along precipitation and temperature gradients in Oregon. Specifically, we measured traits of 102 macrolichen species collected from 166 USDA Forest Service program for Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots. These plots were located in a more-or-less continuous swath across Oregon between 43°W and 45°W. Plots were grouped into seven regions (the Oregon Coast, Coast Range, Willamette Valley, Western Cascades, High Cascades, Eastern Cascades, and Eastern Oregon). Using multivariate analysis techniques we found strong linear and nonlinear trait patterns along precipitation and temperature gradients, and were able to characterize the seven main regions of Oregon by the relative abundance of lichen traits. The literature on what lichen traits are most common in which habitats is sparse and anecdotal; understanding trait-habitat patterns could have management implications due to lichen importance as bioindicators and animal forage. Understanding how key traits are distributed among habitats could provide insight into potential air pollution impacts on certain habitats, animal movement among habitats, etc. To examine trait-habitat patterns, we measured the reproductive, morphological, and chemical traits of 429 lichen species collected haphazardly (without a formal sampling framework) from ten distinct habitats within Katmai National Park in southwest Alaska as part of a taxonomic inventory. Using multivariate analysis techniques we grouped habitats based on the expression of lichen traits and described the relative abundance of each trait in different habitats. The second goal of this study was to examine the potential usefulness of herbarium collections in ecological studies of this type. Herbarium specimens are a large potential resource that is generally unused in ecological studies due to concerns over potential bias and noise introduced by variation in collection methods. However, recent work has suggested that herbarium specimens may yield more useful results than previously thought and could be a valid resource for ecological studies. The data for our study were collected in a haphazard manner for a floristic inventory, similar to the collection methods used for many herbarium specimens. The patterns that we observed indicates that herbarium specimens may be a good resource for future research. Title: Lichen Functional Trait Variation Along an East-West Climatic Gradient in Oregon and Among Habitats in Katmai National Park, Alaska Author: Spickerman, Kaleigh Functional traits of vascular plants have been an important component of ecological studies for a number of years; however, in more recent times vascular plant ecologists have begun to formalize a set of key traits and universal system of trait measurement. Many recent studies hypothesize global generality of trait patterns, which would allow for comparison among ecosystems and biomes and provide a foundation for general rules and theories, the so-called “Holy Grail” of ecology. However, the majority of these studies focus on functional trait patterns of vascular plants, with a minority examining the patterns of cryptograms such as lichens. Lichens are an important component of many ecosystems due to their contributions to biodiversity and their key ecosystem services, such as contributions to mineral and hydrological cycles and ecosystem food webs. Lichens are also of special interest because of their reliance on atmospheric deposition for nutrients and water, which makes them particularly sensitive to air pollution. Therefore, they are often used as bioindicators of air pollution, climate change, and general ecosystem health. This thesis examines the functional trait patterns of lichens in two contrasting regions with fundamentally different kinds of data. To better understand the patterns of lichen functional traits, we examined reproductive, morphological, and chemical trait variation along precipitation and temperature gradients in Oregon. Specifically, we measured traits of 102 macrolichen species collected from 166 USDA Forest Service program for Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots. These plots were located in a more-or-less continuous swath across Oregon between 43°W and 45°W. Plots were grouped into seven regions (the Oregon Coast, Coast Range, Willamette Valley, Western Cascades, High Cascades, Eastern Cascades, and Eastern Oregon). Using multivariate analysis techniques we found strong linear and nonlinear trait patterns along precipitation and temperature gradients, and were able to characterize the seven main regions of Oregon by the relative abundance of lichen traits. The literature on what lichen traits are most common in which habitats is sparse and anecdotal; understanding trait-habitat patterns could have management implications due to lichen importance as bioindicators and animal forage. Understanding how key traits are distributed among habitats could provide insight into potential air pollution impacts on certain habitats, animal movement among habitats, etc. To examine trait-habitat patterns, we measured the reproductive, morphological, and chemical traits of 429 lichen species collected haphazardly (without a formal sampling framework) from ten distinct habitats within Katmai National Park in southwest Alaska as part of a taxonomic inventory. Using multivariate analysis techniques we grouped habitats based on the expression of lichen traits and described the relative abundance of each trait in different habitats. The second goal of this study was to examine the potential usefulness of herbarium collections in ecological studies of this type. Herbarium specimens are a large potential resource that is generally unused in ecological studies due to concerns over potential bias and noise introduced by variation in collection methods. However, recent work has suggested that herbarium specimens may yield more useful results than previously thought and could be a valid resource for ecological studies. The data for our study were collected in a haphazard manner for a floristic inventory, similar to the collection methods used for many herbarium specimens. The patterns that we observed indicates that herbarium specimens may be a good resource for future research. Close

• 2. [Article] A simple tool for estimating throughfall nitrogen deposition in forests of western North America using lichens

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A simple tool for estimating throughfall nitrogen deposition in forests of western North America using lichens Author: Ahuja, Suraj, Fenn, Mark E., Berryman, Shanti, Hutten, Martin A., McMurray, Jill A., Schirokauer, David, Root, Heather T., Jovan, Sarah, Geiser, Linda H., Dillman, Karen To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Title: A simple tool for estimating throughfall nitrogen deposition in forests of western North America using lichens Author: Ahuja, Suraj, Fenn, Mark E., Berryman, Shanti, Hutten, Martin A., McMurray, Jill A., Schirokauer, David, Root, Heather T., Jovan, Sarah, Geiser, Linda H., Dillman, Karen To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Close

• 3. [Image] Opegrapha atra

  	Apothecial section; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Opegrapha atra Author: McCune, Bruce Apothecial section; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: Betula twig; Elevation: 15 meters; Notes: Photos. Title: Opegrapha atra Author: McCune, Bruce Apothecial section; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: Betula twig; Elevation: 15 meters; Notes: Photos. Close

• 4. [Image] Opegrapha atra

  	Paraphyses; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: Betula ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Opegrapha atra Author: McCune, Bruce Paraphyses; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: Betula twig; Elevation: 15 meters; Notes: Photos. Title: Opegrapha atra Author: McCune, Bruce Paraphyses; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: Betula twig; Elevation: 15 meters; Notes: Photos. Close

• 5. [Image] Opegrapha atra

  	Apothecia; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: Betula ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Opegrapha atra Author: McCune, Bruce Apothecia; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: Betula twig; Elevation: 15 meters; Notes: Photos. Title: Opegrapha atra Author: McCune, Bruce Apothecia; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: Betula twig; Elevation: 15 meters; Notes: Photos. Close

• 6. [Image] Opegrapha atra

  	Habit; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: Betula ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Opegrapha atra Author: McCune, Bruce Habit; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: Betula twig; Elevation: 15 meters; Notes: Photos. Title: Opegrapha atra Author: McCune, Bruce Habit; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: Betula twig; Elevation: 15 meters; Notes: Photos. Close

• 7. [Image] Opegrapha atra

  	Exciple; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: Betula ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Opegrapha atra Author: McCune, Bruce Year: 2001 Exciple; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: Betula twig; Elevation: 15 meters; Notes: Photos. Title: Opegrapha atra Author: McCune, Bruce Year: 2001 Exciple; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: Betula twig; Elevation: 15 meters; Notes: Photos. Close

• 8. [Image] Opegrapha atra

  	Asci; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: Betula ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Opegrapha atra Author: McCune, Bruce Year: 2016 Asci; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: Betula twig; Elevation: 15 meters; Notes: Photos. Title: Opegrapha atra Author: McCune, Bruce Year: 2016 Asci; Habitat: Shrubs and Pinus contorta along stream through partly forested picnic area; Location: Ona Beach State Park, picnic area, near Beaver Creek, < 0.5 km inland from ocean; Substrate: Betula twig; Elevation: 15 meters; Notes: Photos. Close

• 9. [Image] Micarea peliocarpa

  	Habit; Habitat: Alnus rubra forest; Location: Cummins Ridge S of Cummins Creek, 9 km S of Yachats; Substrate: Rock, basalt; Elevation: 600 meters; Notes: M. peliocarpa det B. Coppins 2004.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Micarea peliocarpa Author: McCune, Bruce Habit; Habitat: Alnus rubra forest; Location: Cummins Ridge S of Cummins Creek, 9 km S of Yachats; Substrate: Rock, basalt; Elevation: 600 meters; Notes: M. peliocarpa det B. Coppins 2004. Title: Micarea peliocarpa Author: McCune, Bruce Habit; Habitat: Alnus rubra forest; Location: Cummins Ridge S of Cummins Creek, 9 km S of Yachats; Substrate: Rock, basalt; Elevation: 600 meters; Notes: M. peliocarpa det B. Coppins 2004. Close

• 10. [Image] Micarea myriocarpa

  	Habit; Habitat: Lakeside forest with Thuja, Tsuga, and Alnus rubra; Location: Cedar Lake, Chuckanut Mts, S of Bellingham; Substrate: Bark, Thuja, sheltered; Elevation: 493 meters; Collected by: Michael ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Micarea myriocarpa Author: McCune, Bruce Year: 2017 Habit; Habitat: Lakeside forest with Thuja, Tsuga, and Alnus rubra; Location: Cedar Lake, Chuckanut Mts, S of Bellingham; Substrate: Bark, Thuja, sheltered; Elevation: 493 meters; Collected by: Michael Haldeman. Title: Micarea myriocarpa Author: McCune, Bruce Year: 2017 Habit; Habitat: Lakeside forest with Thuja, Tsuga, and Alnus rubra; Location: Cedar Lake, Chuckanut Mts, S of Bellingham; Substrate: Bark, Thuja, sheltered; Elevation: 493 meters; Collected by: Michael Haldeman. Close