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• 1. [Article] The Impacts of Gentrification on the African American Business Community of Portland, Oregon

  I focus this inquiry on the impact that gentrification has had on black business and entrepreneurship in the Albina District of Portland, Oregon. The Albina district of provides a unique opportunity to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Impacts of Gentrification on the African American Business Community of Portland, Oregon Author: Hosford, Alexandra Year: 2009 I focus this inquiry on the impact that gentrification has had on black business and entrepreneurship in the Albina District of Portland, Oregon. The Albina district of provides a unique opportunity to measure the effects of gentrification on black business and business development because the area has historically been a residentially segregated black community and has seen dramatic changes due to gentrification in the past decade, including an influx of middle class, white residents. I conduct this examination by subdividing my inquiry into three main sections. First, I provide an outline of the background and evolution of the discourse around gentrification and segregation, both in a U.S. and Portland-specific context, and define the connection between gentrification and the larger area of inquiry focused on racial residential segregation. In the second section, I present an analysis of demographic and housing characteristics in four Inner Northeast Portland census tracts, using them as a proxy for measuring overall change within the historically black neighborhoods of Portland. In the third section, I outline findings from interviews conducted with local entrepreneurs and members of economic development organizations in order to give a localized perspective to the effects of gentrification in Inner Northeast Portland. Title: The Impacts of Gentrification on the African American Business Community of Portland, Oregon Author: Hosford, Alexandra Year: 2009 I focus this inquiry on the impact that gentrification has had on black business and entrepreneurship in the Albina District of Portland, Oregon. The Albina district of provides a unique opportunity to measure the effects of gentrification on black business and business development because the area has historically been a residentially segregated black community and has seen dramatic changes due to gentrification in the past decade, including an influx of middle class, white residents. I conduct this examination by subdividing my inquiry into three main sections. First, I provide an outline of the background and evolution of the discourse around gentrification and segregation, both in a U.S. and Portland-specific context, and define the connection between gentrification and the larger area of inquiry focused on racial residential segregation. In the second section, I present an analysis of demographic and housing characteristics in four Inner Northeast Portland census tracts, using them as a proxy for measuring overall change within the historically black neighborhoods of Portland. In the third section, I outline findings from interviews conducted with local entrepreneurs and members of economic development organizations in order to give a localized perspective to the effects of gentrification in Inner Northeast Portland. Close

• 2. [Article] An Examination of Gentrification and Related Displacement of Black Residents in Portland's Boise Neighborhood, 1990-2010

  Issues related to gentrification and its primary consequence, the displacement of vulnerable populations from their homes and communities, are rightly considered among the most pressing social concerns ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Examination of Gentrification and Related Displacement of Black Residents in Portland's Boise Neighborhood, 1990-2010 Author: Jordan, Jordan Year: 2013 Issues related to gentrification and its primary consequence, the displacement of vulnerable populations from their homes and communities, are rightly considered among the most pressing social concerns faced by urban communities. Portland, Oregon has seen many of its neighborhoods undergo the gentrification transition, especially in traditionally Black neighborhoods. The Boise neighborhood lies within Northeast Portland's Albina district, which has served as the cultural and commercial heart of Portland's Black community for generations. In the 1990 Census, over 70% of the population of Boise (situated within Multnomah County Census tract 34.02) were Black, while 26% were White. By 2010, those figures had shifted to 25% Black and 65% White. During this same period public and private investment in the neighborhood increased substantially, while indicators of gentrification such as median household income, per capita income, housing values and rents, and educational attainment showed significant corresponding increases. Through comparative analyses of Census and American Community Survey data (using 1990, 2000, and 2010 Census data for tract 34.02, as well as intervening ACS 3-year estimates), documentary review, and interviews with longtime residents and community stakeholders, this study explores the process of gentrification in the Boise neighborhood and illustrates the extent of resulting displacement of Black residents from the area. Title: An Examination of Gentrification and Related Displacement of Black Residents in Portland's Boise Neighborhood, 1990-2010 Author: Jordan, Jordan Year: 2013 Issues related to gentrification and its primary consequence, the displacement of vulnerable populations from their homes and communities, are rightly considered among the most pressing social concerns faced by urban communities. Portland, Oregon has seen many of its neighborhoods undergo the gentrification transition, especially in traditionally Black neighborhoods. The Boise neighborhood lies within Northeast Portland's Albina district, which has served as the cultural and commercial heart of Portland's Black community for generations. In the 1990 Census, over 70% of the population of Boise (situated within Multnomah County Census tract 34.02) were Black, while 26% were White. By 2010, those figures had shifted to 25% Black and 65% White. During this same period public and private investment in the neighborhood increased substantially, while indicators of gentrification such as median household income, per capita income, housing values and rents, and educational attainment showed significant corresponding increases. Through comparative analyses of Census and American Community Survey data (using 1990, 2000, and 2010 Census data for tract 34.02, as well as intervening ACS 3-year estimates), documentary review, and interviews with longtime residents and community stakeholders, this study explores the process of gentrification in the Boise neighborhood and illustrates the extent of resulting displacement of Black residents from the area. Close