Search

Search Results

• 1. [Image] Evaluation of Geothermal Energy Exploration and Resource Assessment. Final Report. Volume I. A Review of Geothermal Subsidence Modeling

  	The present status of the numerical modeling of subsidence phenomena associated with the production of fluid from geothermal reservoirs is evaluated. This evaluation includes a comparative analysis of ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation of Geothermal Energy Exploration and Resource Assessment. Final Report. Volume I. A Review of Geothermal Subsidence Modeling Author: Grover, M.K. Year: 1977 The present status of the numerical modeling of subsidence phenomena associated with the production of fluid from geothermal reservoirs is evaluated. This evaluation includes a comparative analysis of present numerical modeling codes including an evaluation of their potential for application to specific geologic environments where the subsidence may occur. In addition, this report provides preparation guidelines for subsidence modeling application to assist program managers responsible for the supervision of subsidence monitoring and control measures associated with geothermal development. Also included are sections on data acquisition and management and a proposed method for qualitatively ranking the subsidence risks of a known geothermal reservoir. The subject of data uncertainties management is introduced and briefly discussed Title: Evaluation of Geothermal Energy Exploration and Resource Assessment. Final Report. Volume I. A Review of Geothermal Subsidence Modeling Author: Grover, M.K. Year: 1977 The present status of the numerical modeling of subsidence phenomena associated with the production of fluid from geothermal reservoirs is evaluated. This evaluation includes a comparative analysis of present numerical modeling codes including an evaluation of their potential for application to specific geologic environments where the subsidence may occur. In addition, this report provides preparation guidelines for subsidence modeling application to assist program managers responsible for the supervision of subsidence monitoring and control measures associated with geothermal development. Also included are sections on data acquisition and management and a proposed method for qualitatively ranking the subsidence risks of a known geothermal reservoir. The subject of data uncertainties management is introduced and briefly discussed Close

• 2. [Image] Systems of Geothermal Exploration with Applications in Utah

  	Personnel of the Department of Geology and Geophysics of the University of Utah are conducting research directed toward the design of exploration systems suited to detection, delineation, and evaluation ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Systems of Geothermal Exploration with Applications in Utah Author: Ward, S. H. Year: 1974 Personnel of the Department of Geology and Geophysics of the University of Utah are conducting research directed toward the design of exploration systems suited to detection, delineation, and evaluation of potential geothermal resources in the State of Utah. These systems will be tested An areas of known hot springs, late Tertiary or Quaternary volcanic activity, current microearthquake activity and in areas of known high heat flow. Photo-interpretation, geologic mapping, structural analysis, petrologic study, hydrothermal alteration studies, geochemical analyses, geothermometry, geochronology, microearthquake and seismic noise monitoring, heat flow measurement, self-potential surveying, resistivity/induced polarization surveying, electromagnetic sounding, magnetic surveying, and gravity surveying may be combined to maximize scientific yield while maintaining low costs in order to optimize the cost-effectiveness of each system. Other ingredients of exploration architecture shall be incorporated if considered desirable. It is anticipated that not all ingredients shall be used on any one prospect Title: Systems of Geothermal Exploration with Applications in Utah Author: Ward, S. H. Year: 1974 Personnel of the Department of Geology and Geophysics of the University of Utah are conducting research directed toward the design of exploration systems suited to detection, delineation, and evaluation of potential geothermal resources in the State of Utah. These systems will be tested An areas of known hot springs, late Tertiary or Quaternary volcanic activity, current microearthquake activity and in areas of known high heat flow. Photo-interpretation, geologic mapping, structural analysis, petrologic study, hydrothermal alteration studies, geochemical analyses, geothermometry, geochronology, microearthquake and seismic noise monitoring, heat flow measurement, self-potential surveying, resistivity/induced polarization surveying, electromagnetic sounding, magnetic surveying, and gravity surveying may be combined to maximize scientific yield while maintaining low costs in order to optimize the cost-effectiveness of each system. Other ingredients of exploration architecture shall be incorporated if considered desirable. It is anticipated that not all ingredients shall be used on any one prospect Close

• 3. [Image] Preliminary Model Ordinance for Municipal Geothermal District Heating and Reservoir Management

  	A preliminary model of a municipal ordinance for geothermal district heating and reservoir management has been developed for the City of Klamath Falls, Oregon and the Oregon Department of Energy. The ordinance ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Preliminary Model Ordinance for Municipal Geothermal District Heating and Reservoir Management Author: Allen, E.M. Year: 1980 A preliminary model of a municipal ordinance for geothermal district heating and reservoir management has been developed for the City of Klamath Falls, Oregon and the Oregon Department of Energy. The ordinance contains provisions for: community geothermal development and utilization policies; a municipal geothermal district heating service; reservoir monitoring and management procedures and authorization for private geothermal heating services. The ordinance's "preliminary" nature is due to two pending legal issues on the state level: first, a revision of thermal ground water Administrative Rules is being prepared by the Oregon Water Resources Department; and second, the Oregon Governor and Legislature are considering an Alternate Energy Development Commission recommendation to develop a program whereby geothermal heating districts will be involved in the cooperative management of local thermal ground water reservoirs with the Oregon Water Resources Department. However, neither matter is expected to be finalized until 1981. Both geothermal fluids and ground water are cited jointly throughout the ordinance because of the legal definition of low to moderate temperature fluids as ground water, and the potential for the Klamath Falls community to encounter high temperature resources defined as geothermal fluids. Appendices in this report include the Oregon statutes cited in the model ordinance, and also draft geothermal overlay zoning for inclusion in the Klamath Falls Community Development Ordinance Title: Preliminary Model Ordinance for Municipal Geothermal District Heating and Reservoir Management Author: Allen, E.M. Year: 1980 A preliminary model of a municipal ordinance for geothermal district heating and reservoir management has been developed for the City of Klamath Falls, Oregon and the Oregon Department of Energy. The ordinance contains provisions for: community geothermal development and utilization policies; a municipal geothermal district heating service; reservoir monitoring and management procedures and authorization for private geothermal heating services. The ordinance's "preliminary" nature is due to two pending legal issues on the state level: first, a revision of thermal ground water Administrative Rules is being prepared by the Oregon Water Resources Department; and second, the Oregon Governor and Legislature are considering an Alternate Energy Development Commission recommendation to develop a program whereby geothermal heating districts will be involved in the cooperative management of local thermal ground water reservoirs with the Oregon Water Resources Department. However, neither matter is expected to be finalized until 1981. Both geothermal fluids and ground water are cited jointly throughout the ordinance because of the legal definition of low to moderate temperature fluids as ground water, and the potential for the Klamath Falls community to encounter high temperature resources defined as geothermal fluids. Appendices in this report include the Oregon statutes cited in the model ordinance, and also draft geothermal overlay zoning for inclusion in the Klamath Falls Community Development Ordinance Close

• 4. [Image] Development of the high-temperature redox electrode. Interim report ending March 1980

  	The oxidation-reduction (known as redox) electrode was studied in a pH range corresponding to that found in a CO/sub 2/-silicate buffered system at temperatures ranging from 100 to 250/sup 0/C. Oxidizing ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Development of the high-temperature redox electrode. Interim report ending March 1980 Author: Danielson, M.J. Year: 1980 The oxidation-reduction (known as redox) electrode was studied in a pH range corresponding to that found in a CO/sub 2/-silicate buffered system at temperatures ranging from 100 to 250/sup 0/C. Oxidizing conditions were created by injecting oxygen; the greatest reducing conditions, by using hydrogen. The sulfur system (H/sub 2/S, HS/sup -/, S/sup 2/) was not examined at this time, but future work will include this system since it is an important component of the geothermal brine. Both a platinized platinum (Pt-Pt) and a bare platinum (Pt-foil) electrode respond to the redox environment. The response does not appear to indicate thermodynamic equilibrium with the chemical environment; instead a mixed potential response is indicated. The difference in potential between a strong oxidizing environment (0.4-ppM O/sub 2/) and a strong reducing environment (0.5-atm H/sub 2/) is typically > 1 volt at all temperatures. The magnitude of this response makes the platinum electrode a suitable sensor for continuous monitoring of the geothermal environment for oxygen intrusions. The platinized platinum redox electrode is superior to the bare platinum electrode; PNL-3377 Title: Development of the high-temperature redox electrode. Interim report ending March 1980 Author: Danielson, M.J. Year: 1980 The oxidation-reduction (known as redox) electrode was studied in a pH range corresponding to that found in a CO/sub 2/-silicate buffered system at temperatures ranging from 100 to 250/sup 0/C. Oxidizing conditions were created by injecting oxygen; the greatest reducing conditions, by using hydrogen. The sulfur system (H/sub 2/S, HS/sup -/, S/sup 2/) was not examined at this time, but future work will include this system since it is an important component of the geothermal brine. Both a platinized platinum (Pt-Pt) and a bare platinum (Pt-foil) electrode respond to the redox environment. The response does not appear to indicate thermodynamic equilibrium with the chemical environment; instead a mixed potential response is indicated. The difference in potential between a strong oxidizing environment (0.4-ppM O/sub 2/) and a strong reducing environment (0.5-atm H/sub 2/) is typically > 1 volt at all temperatures. The magnitude of this response makes the platinum electrode a suitable sensor for continuous monitoring of the geothermal environment for oxygen intrusions. The platinized platinum redox electrode is superior to the bare platinum electrode; PNL-3377 Close

• 5. [Image] Monitoring instrument field experiments at Oregon Institute of Technology

  	The field tests were conducted under reducing and oxidizing conditions. Corrosion rates with zero oxygen were about 1.1 mils per year (mpy) for both copper and steel coupons, which is quite low for carbon ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Monitoring instrument field experiments at Oregon Institute of Technology Author: Danielson, M.J. Year: 1980 The field tests were conducted under reducing and oxidizing conditions. Corrosion rates with zero oxygen were about 1.1 mils per year (mpy) for both copper and steel coupons, which is quite low for carbon steel. There was a problem controlling the oxygen level in the oxygenated experiments; however, it was found that corrosion rates increased with the presence of oxygen. Corrosion rates for the steel and copper coupons were 4 and 2 mpy, respectively; copper coupled to cast iron corroded at 8 mpy. Commercial corrosion rate measuring equipment determined the general corrosion rate of carbon steel farily well but overestimated copper corrosion rates. The redox electrode was a very sensitive indicator of the entry of oxygen; PNL-3385 Title: Monitoring instrument field experiments at Oregon Institute of Technology Author: Danielson, M.J. Year: 1980 The field tests were conducted under reducing and oxidizing conditions. Corrosion rates with zero oxygen were about 1.1 mils per year (mpy) for both copper and steel coupons, which is quite low for carbon steel. There was a problem controlling the oxygen level in the oxygenated experiments; however, it was found that corrosion rates increased with the presence of oxygen. Corrosion rates for the steel and copper coupons were 4 and 2 mpy, respectively; copper coupled to cast iron corroded at 8 mpy. Commercial corrosion rate measuring equipment determined the general corrosion rate of carbon steel farily well but overestimated copper corrosion rates. The redox electrode was a very sensitive indicator of the entry of oxygen; PNL-3385 Close

• 6. [Image] The Baca Geothermal Demonstration Project: PNM's Overview of Project Objectives, Plant Design, Project Completion Status, Maintenance Storage and Marketing of Equipment, Site Restoration, And Project Benefits

  	The overall goal of the Baca project was to demonstrate the reliability, economic feasibility, and environmental acceptability of an electric generating plant powered by geothermal energy from a hot water ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Baca Geothermal Demonstration Project: PNM's Overview of Project Objectives, Plant Design, Project Completion Status, Maintenance Storage and Marketing of Equipment, Site Restoration, And Project Benefits Author: Public Service Company of New Mexico Year: 1983 The overall goal of the Baca project was to demonstrate the reliability, economic feasibility, and environmental acceptability of an electric generating plant powered by geothermal energy from a hot water resource. Accomplishment of this goal was intended to serve as a stimulus to other potential developers of hydrothermal resources. In conjunction with this goal, the project was to be closely monitored in order to provide data for other utilities interested in geothermal energy Title: The Baca Geothermal Demonstration Project: PNM's Overview of Project Objectives, Plant Design, Project Completion Status, Maintenance Storage and Marketing of Equipment, Site Restoration, And Project Benefits Author: Public Service Company of New Mexico Year: 1983 The overall goal of the Baca project was to demonstrate the reliability, economic feasibility, and environmental acceptability of an electric generating plant powered by geothermal energy from a hot water resource. Accomplishment of this goal was intended to serve as a stimulus to other potential developers of hydrothermal resources. In conjunction with this goal, the project was to be closely monitored in order to provide data for other utilities interested in geothermal energy Close

• 7. [Image] Data from Pumping and Injection Tests and Chemical Sampling in the Geothermal Aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon

  	A seven-week pumping and injection test in the geothermal aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon, in 1983 provided new information on hydraulic properties of the aquifer. The Open-File Data Report on the tests ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Data from Pumping and Injection Tests and Chemical Sampling in the Geothermal Aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Benson, S. M. Year: 1984 A seven-week pumping and injection test in the geothermal aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon, in 1983 provided new information on hydraulic properties of the aquifer. The Open-File Data Report on the tests includes graphs of water levels measured in 50 wells, temperature measurement In 17 wells, daily air temperatures in relation to discharge of thermal water from more than 70 pumped and artesian wells, tables of monthly mean air temperatures and estimates of discharges of thermal water during a normal year, and tables of chemical and isotopic analyses on samples from 12 wells Title: Data from Pumping and Injection Tests and Chemical Sampling in the Geothermal Aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Benson, S. M. Year: 1984 A seven-week pumping and injection test in the geothermal aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon, in 1983 provided new information on hydraulic properties of the aquifer. The Open-File Data Report on the tests includes graphs of water levels measured in 50 wells, temperature measurement In 17 wells, daily air temperatures in relation to discharge of thermal water from more than 70 pumped and artesian wells, tables of monthly mean air temperatures and estimates of discharges of thermal water during a normal year, and tables of chemical and isotopic analyses on samples from 12 wells Close

• 8. [Image] Analysis and Interpretation of Data obtained in Tests of the Geothermal Aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon

  	A study of the geothermal resource at Klamath Falls, Oregon, has shown that thermal water occurs in an extensive, heterogeneous aquifer at depths of a few hundred to nearly 2,000 feet over an area of nearly ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Analysis and Interpretation of Data obtained in Tests of the Geothermal Aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Sammel, E. A. Year: 1984 A study of the geothermal resource at Klamath Falls, Oregon, has shown that thermal water occurs in an extensive, heterogeneous aquifer at depths of a few hundred to nearly 2,000 feet over an area of nearly 2 square miles. The highest measured water temperatures are more than 130°C. Chemical and isotopic analyses suggest that the aquifer is supplied from a deeper zone in which meteoric recharge water having low chloride and silica concentrations mixes with high-temperature water (about 190°C) having a moderately high chloride concentration (120 milligrams/kilogram). The probable temperature of the hot-reservoir water is estimated on the basis of consistent results from the sulfate-water isotope and silica geothermometers and calculated mixing fractions of 40 and 44 percent thermal water derived from chloride and silica mixing models Title: Analysis and Interpretation of Data obtained in Tests of the Geothermal Aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Sammel, E. A. Year: 1984 A study of the geothermal resource at Klamath Falls, Oregon, has shown that thermal water occurs in an extensive, heterogeneous aquifer at depths of a few hundred to nearly 2,000 feet over an area of nearly 2 square miles. The highest measured water temperatures are more than 130°C. Chemical and isotopic analyses suggest that the aquifer is supplied from a deeper zone in which meteoric recharge water having low chloride and silica concentrations mixes with high-temperature water (about 190°C) having a moderately high chloride concentration (120 milligrams/kilogram). The probable temperature of the hot-reservoir water is estimated on the basis of consistent results from the sulfate-water isotope and silica geothermometers and calculated mixing fractions of 40 and 44 percent thermal water derived from chloride and silica mixing models Close

• 9. [Image] Geologic and Hydrologic Research on the Moana Geothermal System, Washoe County, Nevada

  	In October,1982, a geologic and hydrologic research program began that was designed to provide detailed geothermal reservoir data to present or prospective developers
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geologic and Hydrologic Research on the Moana Geothermal System, Washoe County, Nevada Author: Flynn, T. Year: 1983 In October,1982, a geologic and hydrologic research program began that was designed to provide detailed geothermal reservoir data to present or prospective developers Title: Geologic and Hydrologic Research on the Moana Geothermal System, Washoe County, Nevada Author: Flynn, T. Year: 1983 In October,1982, a geologic and hydrologic research program began that was designed to provide detailed geothermal reservoir data to present or prospective developers Close

• 10. [Image] Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Project. Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1977

  	The feasibility of extracting geothermal energy from hot dry rock in the earth's crust was investigated. The concept being investigated involves drilling a deep hole, creating an artificial geothermal ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Project. Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1977 Author: Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory HDR Project Staff Year: 1978 The feasibility of extracting geothermal energy from hot dry rock in the earth's crust was investigated. The concept being investigated involves drilling a deep hole, creating an artificial geothermal reservoir at the bottom of the hole by hydraulic fracturing, and then intersecting the fracture with a second borehole. At the beginning of FY77, the downhole system was complete, but the impedance to the flow of fluid was too high to proceed confidently with the planned energy extraction demonstration. Therefore, in FY77 work focused on an intensive investigation of the characteristics of the downhole system and on the development of the necessary tools and techniques for understanding and improving it. Research results are presented under the following section headings: introduction and history; hot dry rock resource assessment and site selection; instrumentation and equipment development; drilling and fracturing; reservoir engineering; energy extraction system; environmental studies; project management and liaison; and, looking back and ahead. (JGB) Title: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Project. Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1977 Author: Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory HDR Project Staff Year: 1978 The feasibility of extracting geothermal energy from hot dry rock in the earth's crust was investigated. The concept being investigated involves drilling a deep hole, creating an artificial geothermal reservoir at the bottom of the hole by hydraulic fracturing, and then intersecting the fracture with a second borehole. At the beginning of FY77, the downhole system was complete, but the impedance to the flow of fluid was too high to proceed confidently with the planned energy extraction demonstration. Therefore, in FY77 work focused on an intensive investigation of the characteristics of the downhole system and on the development of the necessary tools and techniques for understanding and improving it. Research results are presented under the following section headings: introduction and history; hot dry rock resource assessment and site selection; instrumentation and equipment development; drilling and fracturing; reservoir engineering; energy extraction system; environmental studies; project management and liaison; and, looking back and ahead. (JGB) Close