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• 61. [Image] Instruments for Subsurface Monitoring of Geothermal Subsidence

  	The requirements for a subsurface geothermal subsidence instrument were reviewed. Available instruments for monitoring subsurface displacements, both vertical and horizontal, were studied and the most ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Instruments for Subsurface Monitoring of Geothermal Subsidence Author: O'Rourke, J.E. Year: 1979 The requirements for a subsurface geothermal subsidence instrument were reviewed. Available instruments for monitoring subsurface displacements, both vertical and horizontal, were studied and the most capable instruments identified. Techniques and materials for improving existing or developing new instruments were evaluated. Elements of sensor and signal technology with potential for high temperature monitoring of subsidence were identified. Drawing from these studies, methods to adapt production Wells for monitoring were proposed and several new instrumentation systems were conceptually designed. Finally, four instrumentation systems were selected for future development. These systems are: triple sensor induction sensor probe (with casing collar markers); triple sensor gamma ray detector probe (with radioactive markers); triple sensor reed switch probe (with magnet markers); and triple sensor oscillator-type magnet detector probe (with magnet markers). All are designed for use in well casing incorporating slip couplings or bellows sections, although the gamma ray detector probe may also be used in unlined holes. These systems all measure vertical movement. Instruments to measure horizontal displacement due to geothermal subsidence were studied and the required instrument performance was judged to be beyond the state-of-the-art. Thus, no conceptual designs for instruments to monitor horizontal movement are included Title: Instruments for Subsurface Monitoring of Geothermal Subsidence Author: O'Rourke, J.E. Year: 1979 The requirements for a subsurface geothermal subsidence instrument were reviewed. Available instruments for monitoring subsurface displacements, both vertical and horizontal, were studied and the most capable instruments identified. Techniques and materials for improving existing or developing new instruments were evaluated. Elements of sensor and signal technology with potential for high temperature monitoring of subsidence were identified. Drawing from these studies, methods to adapt production Wells for monitoring were proposed and several new instrumentation systems were conceptually designed. Finally, four instrumentation systems were selected for future development. These systems are: triple sensor induction sensor probe (with casing collar markers); triple sensor gamma ray detector probe (with radioactive markers); triple sensor reed switch probe (with magnet markers); and triple sensor oscillator-type magnet detector probe (with magnet markers). All are designed for use in well casing incorporating slip couplings or bellows sections, although the gamma ray detector probe may also be used in unlined holes. These systems all measure vertical movement. Instruments to measure horizontal displacement due to geothermal subsidence were studied and the required instrument performance was judged to be beyond the state-of-the-art. Thus, no conceptual designs for instruments to monitor horizontal movement are included Close

• 62. [Image] Dipole-Dipole Resistivity Surveys, Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA. Final Report, Volume 2

  	Dipole-dipole Resistivity surveys were conducted at Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA. Three different dipole spacings were used; 99km of traverse line were surveyed with 100m dipoles, 50km with 300m dipoles, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Dipole-Dipole Resistivity Surveys, Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA. Final Report, Volume 2 Author: Ward, S.H. Year: 1976 Dipole-dipole Resistivity surveys were conducted at Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA. Three different dipole spacings were used; 99km of traverse line were surveyed with 100m dipoles, 50km with 300m dipoles, and 44km with 1km dipoles. The objectives of the Resistivity surveying were to detect and delineate regions of low Resistivity associated with fracturing, brines, high temperatures, and clay alteration. The Resistivity of rocks that are typical of hydrothermal environments is due to two main conduction mechanisms: (1) electrolytic conduction through pores and fractures; and (2) surface conduction due to a thin zone of cations attracted to those mineral surfaces with net negative charges (especially clay minerals). For saturated rocks, the Resistivity due to electrolytic conduction is a function of the effective porosity of the fractured rock, of the temperature, and of the salinity of the fluid filling the pores and fractures. The Resistivity decreases as the effective porosity, water saturation, salinity, and temperature increase. The presence of clay minerals and pyrite will also decrease the Resistivity Title: Dipole-Dipole Resistivity Surveys, Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA. Final Report, Volume 2 Author: Ward, S.H. Year: 1976 Dipole-dipole Resistivity surveys were conducted at Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA. Three different dipole spacings were used; 99km of traverse line were surveyed with 100m dipoles, 50km with 300m dipoles, and 44km with 1km dipoles. The objectives of the Resistivity surveying were to detect and delineate regions of low Resistivity associated with fracturing, brines, high temperatures, and clay alteration. The Resistivity of rocks that are typical of hydrothermal environments is due to two main conduction mechanisms: (1) electrolytic conduction through pores and fractures; and (2) surface conduction due to a thin zone of cations attracted to those mineral surfaces with net negative charges (especially clay minerals). For saturated rocks, the Resistivity due to electrolytic conduction is a function of the effective porosity of the fractured rock, of the temperature, and of the salinity of the fluid filling the pores and fractures. The Resistivity decreases as the effective porosity, water saturation, salinity, and temperature increase. The presence of clay minerals and pyrite will also decrease the Resistivity Close

• 63. [Image] Characteristics of Geothermal Wells Located in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field, Imperial County, California

  	We have summarized the geophysical, geochemical, and geothermal characteristics of wells located in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field. Based on the geothermal characteristics of the wells, we have developed ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Characteristics of Geothermal Wells Located in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field, Imperial County, California Author: Palmer, T.D. Year: 1975 We have summarized the geophysical, geochemical, and geothermal characteristics of wells located in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field. Based on the geothermal characteristics of the wells, we have developed a subsurface heat profile for the entire geothermal field. We have also drawn maps of temperature contours for specified depths throughout the field Title: Characteristics of Geothermal Wells Located in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field, Imperial County, California Author: Palmer, T.D. Year: 1975 We have summarized the geophysical, geochemical, and geothermal characteristics of wells located in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field. Based on the geothermal characteristics of the wells, we have developed a subsurface heat profile for the entire geothermal field. We have also drawn maps of temperature contours for specified depths throughout the field Close

• 64. [Image] Wilcox sandstone reservoirs in the deep subsurface along the Texas Gulf Coast - their potential for production of geopressured geothermal energy. Final report

  	The following subjects are included: regional setting, stratigraphic sections, Lower Wilcox sandstone distribution, formation pressure, formation temperature used to delineate geothermal fairways, Zapata ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Wilcox sandstone reservoirs in the deep subsurface along the Texas Gulf Coast - their potential for production of geopressured geothermal energy. Final report Author: Debout, D.G. Year: 1979 The following subjects are included: regional setting, stratigraphic sections, Lower Wilcox sandstone distribution, formation pressure, formation temperature used to delineate geothermal fairways, Zapata Fairway, Duval Fairway, Live Oak Fairway, De Witt Fairway, Colorado Fairway, and Harris Fairway. Depositional and structural style, formation pressures and temperatures, porosity and permeability, formation water salinity, and Cuero Prospect are covered for De Witt Fairway. Depositional and structural style, formation and fluid properties, and Eagle Lake Prospect are covered for Colorado Fairway. (MHR); DOE/ET/28461-T1 Title: Wilcox sandstone reservoirs in the deep subsurface along the Texas Gulf Coast - their potential for production of geopressured geothermal energy. Final report Author: Debout, D.G. Year: 1979 The following subjects are included: regional setting, stratigraphic sections, Lower Wilcox sandstone distribution, formation pressure, formation temperature used to delineate geothermal fairways, Zapata Fairway, Duval Fairway, Live Oak Fairway, De Witt Fairway, Colorado Fairway, and Harris Fairway. Depositional and structural style, formation pressures and temperatures, porosity and permeability, formation water salinity, and Cuero Prospect are covered for De Witt Fairway. Depositional and structural style, formation and fluid properties, and Eagle Lake Prospect are covered for Colorado Fairway. (MHR); DOE/ET/28461-T1 Close

• 65. [Image] Comparative assessment of five potential sites for magma: hydrothermal systems - geophysics

  	As part of a comparative assessment for the Continental Scientific Drilling Program, geophysical data were used, to characterize and evaluate potential magma-hydrothermal targets at five drill sites in ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Comparative assessment of five potential sites for magma: hydrothermal systems - geophysics Author: Kasameyer, P. Year: 1980 As part of a comparative assessment for the Continental Scientific Drilling Program, geophysical data were used, to characterize and evaluate potential magma-hydrothermal targets at five drill sites in the western United States. The sites include Roosevelt Hot Springs, Utah, the Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico, and The Geysers-Clear Lake, Long Valley, and Salton Trough areas, California. This summary discusses the size, depth, temperature, and setting of each potential target, as well as relvant scientific questions about their natures and the certainty of their existence.; UCRL-52980 Title: Comparative assessment of five potential sites for magma: hydrothermal systems - geophysics Author: Kasameyer, P. Year: 1980 As part of a comparative assessment for the Continental Scientific Drilling Program, geophysical data were used, to characterize and evaluate potential magma-hydrothermal targets at five drill sites in the western United States. The sites include Roosevelt Hot Springs, Utah, the Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico, and The Geysers-Clear Lake, Long Valley, and Salton Trough areas, California. This summary discusses the size, depth, temperature, and setting of each potential target, as well as relvant scientific questions about their natures and the certainty of their existence.; UCRL-52980 Close

• 66. [Image] Annotated Bibliography of the Geology of the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area and the Adjacent Mineral Mountains

  	This report presents results of a Workshop on Geophysical Measurements in Geothermal Wells, hosted in Albuquerque, September 17-19, by Sandia Laboratories and jointly sponsored by the United States Geological ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Annotated Bibliography of the Geology of the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area and the Adjacent Mineral Mountains Author: McKinney, D.B. Year: 1975 This report presents results of a Workshop on Geophysical Measurements in Geothermal Wells, hosted in Albuquerque, September 17-19, by Sandia Laboratories and jointly sponsored by the United States Geological Survey and the Energy Research and Development Administration. During the workshop, tutorial papers dealing with the geothermal resource, geothermal logging, and high temperature technology were followed by working panel sessions. Three panels deliberated, respectively, well and reservoir parameters, log interpretation, and high temperature technology. In a final session, the reports of the panels were heard and discussed by the full workshop. A summary of the workshop conclusions and recommendations, as well as the complete panel statements, are presented. (auth) Title: Annotated Bibliography of the Geology of the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area and the Adjacent Mineral Mountains Author: McKinney, D.B. Year: 1975 This report presents results of a Workshop on Geophysical Measurements in Geothermal Wells, hosted in Albuquerque, September 17-19, by Sandia Laboratories and jointly sponsored by the United States Geological Survey and the Energy Research and Development Administration. During the workshop, tutorial papers dealing with the geothermal resource, geothermal logging, and high temperature technology were followed by working panel sessions. Three panels deliberated, respectively, well and reservoir parameters, log interpretation, and high temperature technology. In a final session, the reports of the panels were heard and discussed by the full workshop. A summary of the workshop conclusions and recommendations, as well as the complete panel statements, are presented. (auth) Close

• 67. [Image] Geothermal in Iceland: It's Only Natural

  	If you lived in Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, you would heat your home with geothermal water. The city's district heating system dates back to 1930, when 15 lis of 90-100 C water was piped 2.8 km ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal in Iceland: It's Only Natural Author: Gudmundsson, J. S. Year: 1983 If you lived in Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, you would heat your home with geothermal water. The city's district heating system dates back to 1930, when 15 lis of 90-100 C water was piped 2.8 km to heat 70 homes, one school and a swimming pool. The Reykjavik District Heating Service is now the largest of its kind in the world. If you were visiting Reykjavik, you would soon discover that the city is geothermally heated. The geothermal water is of good quality and is used directly for bathing and washing. Taking a bath or shower you are likely to smell the water, because of the hydrogen sulphide. Reykjavik is by no means unique in having a geothermal district heating system. There are now many such systems in Iceland; they serve more than three quarters of the total population Title: Geothermal in Iceland: It's Only Natural Author: Gudmundsson, J. S. Year: 1983 If you lived in Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, you would heat your home with geothermal water. The city's district heating system dates back to 1930, when 15 lis of 90-100 C water was piped 2.8 km to heat 70 homes, one school and a swimming pool. The Reykjavik District Heating Service is now the largest of its kind in the world. If you were visiting Reykjavik, you would soon discover that the city is geothermally heated. The geothermal water is of good quality and is used directly for bathing and washing. Taking a bath or shower you are likely to smell the water, because of the hydrogen sulphide. Reykjavik is by no means unique in having a geothermal district heating system. There are now many such systems in Iceland; they serve more than three quarters of the total population Close

• 68. [Image] Equipment Development Report: Borehole-Fluid Sampling Tool

  	The design and development of a tool for collecting fluid samples from hot, deep geothermal boreholes are discussed. This tool has performed satisfactorily in the field at downhole temperatures of 200/sup ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Equipment Development Report: Borehole-Fluid Sampling Tool Author: Archuleta, J.R. Year: 1978 The design and development of a tool for collecting fluid samples from hot, deep geothermal boreholes are discussed. This tool has performed satisfactorily in the field at downhole temperatures of 200/sup 0/C and pressures of 34.5 MPa (5000 psi). Assembly and operating instructions are included Title: Equipment Development Report: Borehole-Fluid Sampling Tool Author: Archuleta, J.R. Year: 1978 The design and development of a tool for collecting fluid samples from hot, deep geothermal boreholes are discussed. This tool has performed satisfactorily in the field at downhole temperatures of 200/sup 0/C and pressures of 34.5 MPa (5000 psi). Assembly and operating instructions are included Close

• 69. [Image] A Brine-Steam Properties Computer Program for Geothermal Energy Calculations

  	A computer program called BPROP7 was written to enable the user to obtain conveniently the thermodynamic properties of brine and water vapor in combination, given at least three of nine parameters. The ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Brine-Steam Properties Computer Program for Geothermal Energy Calculations Author: Miller, A.B. Year: 1978 A computer program called BPROP7 was written to enable the user to obtain conveniently the thermodynamic properties of brine and water vapor in combination, given at least three of nine parameters. The parameters included in this program are two types of salt content, temperature, pressure, enthalpy, entropy, density or specific volume, quality, and amount of superheat Title: A Brine-Steam Properties Computer Program for Geothermal Energy Calculations Author: Miller, A.B. Year: 1978 A computer program called BPROP7 was written to enable the user to obtain conveniently the thermodynamic properties of brine and water vapor in combination, given at least three of nine parameters. The parameters included in this program are two types of salt content, temperature, pressure, enthalpy, entropy, density or specific volume, quality, and amount of superheat Close

• 70. [Image] Low-Temperature Geothermal Reservoir Site Evaluation in Arizona Quarterly Progress Report for Periods: May 1, 1977 - July 31, 1977; August 1, 1977 – October 31, 1977; November 1, 1977 – January 31, 1978

  	Progress in the development of a cost-effective exploration program for low- to moderate-temperature geothermal resources is reported. As part of this program two or three demonstration projects in Arizona ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Low-Temperature Geothermal Reservoir Site Evaluation in Arizona Quarterly Progress Report for Periods: May 1, 1977 - July 31, 1977; August 1, 1977 – October 31, 1977; November 1, 1977 – January 31, 1978 Author: Hahman, W.R. Sr. Year: 1978 Progress in the development of a cost-effective exploration program for low- to moderate-temperature geothermal resources is reported. As part of this program two or three demonstration projects in Arizona will be brought on stream. The site-specific exploration, evaluation and development program as well as the state wide reconnaissance exploration program is continuing. The compilation of data for a geothermal energy resource map of Arizona has commenced. Geological field work was directed towards obtaining a broad overview of Arizona geology and regional reconnaissance in the Springerville - St. Johns area. All outside projects are on schedule and the Landsat lineament map and report have been completed Title: Low-Temperature Geothermal Reservoir Site Evaluation in Arizona Quarterly Progress Report for Periods: May 1, 1977 - July 31, 1977; August 1, 1977 – October 31, 1977; November 1, 1977 – January 31, 1978 Author: Hahman, W.R. Sr. Year: 1978 Progress in the development of a cost-effective exploration program for low- to moderate-temperature geothermal resources is reported. As part of this program two or three demonstration projects in Arizona will be brought on stream. The site-specific exploration, evaluation and development program as well as the state wide reconnaissance exploration program is continuing. The compilation of data for a geothermal energy resource map of Arizona has commenced. Geological field work was directed towards obtaining a broad overview of Arizona geology and regional reconnaissance in the Springerville - St. Johns area. All outside projects are on schedule and the Landsat lineament map and report have been completed Close