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• 1. [Image] Attempt at Paleomagnetic Dating of Opal, Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA

  	The results of paleomagnetic investigation of a drill core from the Opal Dome at Roosevelt Hot Springs are reported. A log of the core from 1.5 to 16.8 m is given. (MHR)
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Attempt at Paleomagnetic Dating of Opal, Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA Author: Brown, F.H. Year: 1977 The results of paleomagnetic investigation of a drill core from the Opal Dome at Roosevelt Hot Springs are reported. A log of the core from 1.5 to 16.8 m is given. (MHR) Title: Attempt at Paleomagnetic Dating of Opal, Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA Author: Brown, F.H. Year: 1977 The results of paleomagnetic investigation of a drill core from the Opal Dome at Roosevelt Hot Springs are reported. A log of the core from 1.5 to 16.8 m is given. (MHR) Close

• 2. [Image] Geology of the Cove Fort-Sulphurdale KGRA

  	The Cove Fort-Sulphurdale Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA) is located on the northwestern margin of the Marysvale volcanic field in southwestern Utah. The geology of the KGRA is dominated by lava ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geology of the Cove Fort-Sulphurdale KGRA Author: Moore, J.N. Year: 1979 The Cove Fort-Sulphurdale Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA) is located on the northwestern margin of the Marysvale volcanic field in southwestern Utah. The geology of the KGRA is dominated by lava flows and ash-flow tuffs of late Oligocene to mid-Miocene age that were deposited on faulted sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic to Mesozoic age. The geothermal system of the Cove Fort-Sulphurdale KGRA is structurally controlled by normal faults. High-angle faults control fluid flow within the geothermal reservoir, while the gravitational glide blocks provide an impermeable cap for the geothermal system in the central part of the field. Surficial activity occurring to the north and south of the glide blocks is characterized by the evolution of hydrogen sulfide and deposition of native sulphur. Intense acid alteration of the aluvium, resulting from downward migration of sulphuric acid, has left porous siliceous residues that retain many of the original sedimentary structures. Detailed logs of Union Oil Company drill holes Forminco No. 1, Utah State 42-7, and Utah State 31-33 are included Title: Geology of the Cove Fort-Sulphurdale KGRA Author: Moore, J.N. Year: 1979 The Cove Fort-Sulphurdale Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA) is located on the northwestern margin of the Marysvale volcanic field in southwestern Utah. The geology of the KGRA is dominated by lava flows and ash-flow tuffs of late Oligocene to mid-Miocene age that were deposited on faulted sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic to Mesozoic age. The geothermal system of the Cove Fort-Sulphurdale KGRA is structurally controlled by normal faults. High-angle faults control fluid flow within the geothermal reservoir, while the gravitational glide blocks provide an impermeable cap for the geothermal system in the central part of the field. Surficial activity occurring to the north and south of the glide blocks is characterized by the evolution of hydrogen sulfide and deposition of native sulphur. Intense acid alteration of the aluvium, resulting from downward migration of sulphuric acid, has left porous siliceous residues that retain many of the original sedimentary structures. Detailed logs of Union Oil Company drill holes Forminco No. 1, Utah State 42-7, and Utah State 31-33 are included Close

• 3. [Image] Research on the Physical Properties of Geothermal Reservoir Rock. Quarterly Report.

  	Laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity and capillary pressure have been undertaken for samples of Cenozoic Volcanic rocks collected from the Columbia Plateau Volcanic basin. These measurements ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Research on the Physical Properties of Geothermal Reservoir Rock. Quarterly Report. Author: Skokan, C.K. Year: 1978 Laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity and capillary pressure have been undertaken for samples of Cenozoic Volcanic rocks collected from the Columbia Plateau Volcanic basin. These measurements were performed at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Various methods of measuring thermal conductivity were investigated and finally a flash method was chosen. The equipment was constructed and tested. The results were favorable. Numerous capillary pressure curves were obtained by use of the mercury injection technique. These curves indicate pore structure: pore size, pore distribution, pore volume, and pore geometry. Measurements of this type help to explain variations in rock properties such as seismic velocities and resistivities Title: Research on the Physical Properties of Geothermal Reservoir Rock. Quarterly Report. Author: Skokan, C.K. Year: 1978 Laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity and capillary pressure have been undertaken for samples of Cenozoic Volcanic rocks collected from the Columbia Plateau Volcanic basin. These measurements were performed at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Various methods of measuring thermal conductivity were investigated and finally a flash method was chosen. The equipment was constructed and tested. The results were favorable. Numerous capillary pressure curves were obtained by use of the mercury injection technique. These curves indicate pore structure: pore size, pore distribution, pore volume, and pore geometry. Measurements of this type help to explain variations in rock properties such as seismic velocities and resistivities Close

• 4. [Image] Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon

  	The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Mitchell, D.A. Year: 1979 The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several materials of construction and equipment ages of the various components in this system. For purposes of this report, the samples have been grouped into three categories by material: ferrous, non-ferrous and non-metallic. Failures in these components have taken the form of leakage at solder joints, tubing perforation, scaling, or valve seizure. Most components evaluated in this examination have been in service for 14 years. This work documents these failures, discusses their causes and recommends possible remedial action Title: Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Mitchell, D.A. Year: 1979 The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several materials of construction and equipment ages of the various components in this system. For purposes of this report, the samples have been grouped into three categories by material: ferrous, non-ferrous and non-metallic. Failures in these components have taken the form of leakage at solder joints, tubing perforation, scaling, or valve seizure. Most components evaluated in this examination have been in service for 14 years. This work documents these failures, discusses their causes and recommends possible remedial action Close

• 5. [Image] Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon

  	The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Mitchell, D.A. Year: 1979 The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several materials of construction and equipment ages of the various components in this system. For purposes of this report, the samples have been grouped into three categories by material: ferrous, non-ferrous and non-metallic. Failures in these components have taken the form of leakage at solder joints, tubing perforation, scaling, or valve seizure. Most components evaluated in this examination have been in service for 14 years. This work documents these failures, discusses their causes and recommends possible remedial action Title: Failure Analysis Report: Geothermal Heating System Components, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Mitchell, D.A. Year: 1979 The results are presented of an examination of 17 samples obtained from various components of the subject geothermal heating system. The samples obtained for this study were selected to represent the several materials of construction and equipment ages of the various components in this system. For purposes of this report, the samples have been grouped into three categories by material: ferrous, non-ferrous and non-metallic. Failures in these components have taken the form of leakage at solder joints, tubing perforation, scaling, or valve seizure. Most components evaluated in this examination have been in service for 14 years. This work documents these failures, discusses their causes and recommends possible remedial action Close

• 6. [Image] Petrographic Analysis and Correlation of Volcanic Rocks in Bostic 1-A Well near Mountain Home, Idaho

  	Detailed examination of volcanic rock cuttings from the Bostic I-A well near Mountain Home, Idaho, provides data that correlate the stratigraphy of the well with the regional stratigraphy of the western ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Petrographic Analysis and Correlation of Volcanic Rocks in Bostic 1-A Well near Mountain Home, Idaho Author: Arney, B. H. Year: 1984 Detailed examination of volcanic rock cuttings from the Bostic I-A well near Mountain Home, Idaho, provides data that correlate the stratigraphy of the well with the regional stratigraphy of the western Snake River Plain. The Bostic I-A well penetrates basalt of the Middle Pleistocene Bruneau Formation and underlying sedimentary rocks of the Upper Pliocene Glenns Ferry Formation. Basalt underlying the Glenns Ferry Formation is most likely Banbury Basalt of Middle Pliocene age or Banbury equivalent. A 350-ft interval of felsic volcanics is then intersected above another 600 ft of basalt. The well bottoms in altered felsic volcanics Title: Petrographic Analysis and Correlation of Volcanic Rocks in Bostic 1-A Well near Mountain Home, Idaho Author: Arney, B. H. Year: 1984 Detailed examination of volcanic rock cuttings from the Bostic I-A well near Mountain Home, Idaho, provides data that correlate the stratigraphy of the well with the regional stratigraphy of the western Snake River Plain. The Bostic I-A well penetrates basalt of the Middle Pleistocene Bruneau Formation and underlying sedimentary rocks of the Upper Pliocene Glenns Ferry Formation. Basalt underlying the Glenns Ferry Formation is most likely Banbury Basalt of Middle Pliocene age or Banbury equivalent. A 350-ft interval of felsic volcanics is then intersected above another 600 ft of basalt. The well bottoms in altered felsic volcanics Close

• 7. [Image] Geothermal Exploration of the Puga and Chumathang Geothermal Fields, Ladakh, India

  	Puga and Chumathang Geothermal fields are situated near the collided junction of the Indian and Asian Crystal plates and thermal activity in these fields is attributed to the widespread igneous activity ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Exploration of the Puga and Chumathang Geothermal Fields, Ladakh, India Author: Shanker, R. Puga and Chumathang Geothermal fields are situated near the collided junction of the Indian and Asian Crystal plates and thermal activity in these fields is attributed to the widespread igneous activity of Upper Cretaceous to late Tertiary age. A deep suture zone, recognised in between these two fields and the associated faults provide channels for the upward migration of the thermal fluids. High concentrations of Cl, F, Si02, B, Na, Li, Rb, Cs in thermal fluids signify contribution of magmatic bodies towards heat, and fluid supply. These fields are characterized by high heat flow conditions (13 HFU), abnormal shallow geothermal gradients (0.7 - 2.5 c/m) , high base temperature (220 - 270 C) as obtained by alkalia and Ne-K-Ca geothermometry and low resistivity values (2-20 ohm.m.). Low resistivity zones occupy on an area of three and one sq.km. and extend down to maximum depths of 300 m. and 130 m. at Puga and Chumathang respectively. Shallow drilling (28-130 m.) has established the existence of wet steam reservoirs under moderate pressure (2-4.5 kg/cm^2). Hot fluid (95-135 C) discharges from eight flowing wells ranged from 7.5 to 30 t/h. These thermal fluids are stored in the partly consolidated fluvioglacial deposits of Quarternary to Recent age. The occurrence of a limestone layer in the country rock at Puga brightens the prospects of getting good reservoir at depth. In both these fields two aquifers have been recognised, each having sizeable potential for retaining ground water. The ground water recharge is mainly through snow melt from glaciers in the case of Puga field and principally from Indus river in the case of Chumathangfield Title: Geothermal Exploration of the Puga and Chumathang Geothermal Fields, Ladakh, India Author: Shanker, R. Puga and Chumathang Geothermal fields are situated near the collided junction of the Indian and Asian Crystal plates and thermal activity in these fields is attributed to the widespread igneous activity of Upper Cretaceous to late Tertiary age. A deep suture zone, recognised in between these two fields and the associated faults provide channels for the upward migration of the thermal fluids. High concentrations of Cl, F, Si02, B, Na, Li, Rb, Cs in thermal fluids signify contribution of magmatic bodies towards heat, and fluid supply. These fields are characterized by high heat flow conditions (13 HFU), abnormal shallow geothermal gradients (0.7 - 2.5 c/m) , high base temperature (220 - 270 C) as obtained by alkalia and Ne-K-Ca geothermometry and low resistivity values (2-20 ohm.m.). Low resistivity zones occupy on an area of three and one sq.km. and extend down to maximum depths of 300 m. and 130 m. at Puga and Chumathang respectively. Shallow drilling (28-130 m.) has established the existence of wet steam reservoirs under moderate pressure (2-4.5 kg/cm^2). Hot fluid (95-135 C) discharges from eight flowing wells ranged from 7.5 to 30 t/h. These thermal fluids are stored in the partly consolidated fluvioglacial deposits of Quarternary to Recent age. The occurrence of a limestone layer in the country rock at Puga brightens the prospects of getting good reservoir at depth. In both these fields two aquifers have been recognised, each having sizeable potential for retaining ground water. The ground water recharge is mainly through snow melt from glaciers in the case of Puga field and principally from Indus river in the case of Chumathangfield Close

• 8. [Image] The Economics of America's Energy Future

  	The U. S. will not only have to increase supplies of conventional fuels and take determined conservation measures, but will also have to coax gas and even synthetic crude oil from the abundant reserves ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Economics of America's Energy Future Author: Simmons, H. Year: 1975 The U. S. will not only have to increase supplies of conventional fuels and take determined conservation measures, but will also have to coax gas and even synthetic crude oil from the abundant reserves of coal. It may have to extract crude oil from oil shale in the West. There is the possibility in some areas that geothermal power could be tapped on a broad scale and that the sun and winds could be harnessed in a variety of ingenious ways to meet a significant share of the energy requirement. Nuclear power will need to be accelerated including the use of new and more efficient types of reactors. We will also need to develop thermonuclear fusion reactors which would be fueled ultimately by virtually inexhaustible heavy hydrogen in seawater. More efficient processes to convert energy to useful power will be necessary. There will also have to be a sharp improvement in the efficiency of using energy, and this calls for smaller automobiles, better insulation for buildings, refrigerators and air conditioners that provide more cooling per kilowatt-hour, and even pots and pans that capture more heat from the gas ring on the stove. The U. S. will not return to its golden age of energy even if it uses all these measures and even if many of them succeed. Energy can no longer be as cheap or abundant as it has been in the past. At the same time, the end of the golden age does not mean an end to the American dream of a life of dignity and opportunity for all. We may discover that these objectives are not embodied in 300-horsepower automobiles or centrally air-conditioned homes. Perhaps our life-style may be altered by harsh new facts of energy scarcity and significantly higher costs in the marketplace, but our national character and particularly the adaptive and "can-do" qualities that have served us so well in the past will be major intangible assets in coping with our energy problems Title: The Economics of America's Energy Future Author: Simmons, H. Year: 1975 The U. S. will not only have to increase supplies of conventional fuels and take determined conservation measures, but will also have to coax gas and even synthetic crude oil from the abundant reserves of coal. It may have to extract crude oil from oil shale in the West. There is the possibility in some areas that geothermal power could be tapped on a broad scale and that the sun and winds could be harnessed in a variety of ingenious ways to meet a significant share of the energy requirement. Nuclear power will need to be accelerated including the use of new and more efficient types of reactors. We will also need to develop thermonuclear fusion reactors which would be fueled ultimately by virtually inexhaustible heavy hydrogen in seawater. More efficient processes to convert energy to useful power will be necessary. There will also have to be a sharp improvement in the efficiency of using energy, and this calls for smaller automobiles, better insulation for buildings, refrigerators and air conditioners that provide more cooling per kilowatt-hour, and even pots and pans that capture more heat from the gas ring on the stove. The U. S. will not return to its golden age of energy even if it uses all these measures and even if many of them succeed. Energy can no longer be as cheap or abundant as it has been in the past. At the same time, the end of the golden age does not mean an end to the American dream of a life of dignity and opportunity for all. We may discover that these objectives are not embodied in 300-horsepower automobiles or centrally air-conditioned homes. Perhaps our life-style may be altered by harsh new facts of energy scarcity and significantly higher costs in the marketplace, but our national character and particularly the adaptive and "can-do" qualities that have served us so well in the past will be major intangible assets in coping with our energy problems Close

• 9. [Image] Geothermal Reservoir Categorization and Stimulation Study

  	Analyses of the fraction of geothermal wells that are dry (dry-hole fraction) indicate that geothermal reservoirs can be fitted into four basic categories: (i) Quaternary to late Tertiary sediments (almost ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Reservoir Categorization and Stimulation Study Author: Overton, H.L. Year: 1977 Analyses of the fraction of geothermal wells that are dry (dry-hole fraction) indicate that geothermal reservoirs can be fitted into four basic categories: (i) Quaternary to late Tertiary sediments (almost no dry holes); (ii) Quaternary to late Tertiary extrusives (approximately 20 percent dry holes); (iii) Mesozoic or older metamorphic rocks (approximately 25-30 percent dry holes); and (iv) Precambrian or younger rocks (data limited to Roosevelt Springs where 33 percent of the wells were dry). Failure of geothermal wells to flow economically is due mainly to low-permeability formations in unfractured regions. Generally the permeability correlates inversely with the temperature-age product and directly with the original rock porosity and pore size. However, this correlation fails whenever high-stress fields provide vertical fracturing or faulting, and it is the high-stress/low-permeability category that is most amenable to artificial stimulation by hydraulic fracturing, propellant fracturing, or chemical explosive fracturing. Category (i) geothermal fields (e.g., Cerro Prieto, Mexico; Niland, CA; East Mesa, CA) are not recommended for artificial stimulation because these younger sediments almost always produce warm or hot water. Most geothermal fields fit into category (ii) (e.g., Wairakei, New Zealand; Matsukawa, Japan; Ahuachapan, El Salvador) and in the case of Mt. Home, ID, and Chandler, AZ, possess some potential for stimulation. The Geysers is a category (iii) field, and its highly stressed brittle rocks should make this site amenable to stimulation by explosive fracturing techniques. Roosevelt Springs, UT, Well 9-1 is in category (iv) and is a flow failure. It represents a prime candidate for stimulation by hydraulic fracturing because it has a measured temperature of 227/sup 0/C, is cased and available for experimentation, and is within 900 m of an excellent geothermal producing well Title: Geothermal Reservoir Categorization and Stimulation Study Author: Overton, H.L. Year: 1977 Analyses of the fraction of geothermal wells that are dry (dry-hole fraction) indicate that geothermal reservoirs can be fitted into four basic categories: (i) Quaternary to late Tertiary sediments (almost no dry holes); (ii) Quaternary to late Tertiary extrusives (approximately 20 percent dry holes); (iii) Mesozoic or older metamorphic rocks (approximately 25-30 percent dry holes); and (iv) Precambrian or younger rocks (data limited to Roosevelt Springs where 33 percent of the wells were dry). Failure of geothermal wells to flow economically is due mainly to low-permeability formations in unfractured regions. Generally the permeability correlates inversely with the temperature-age product and directly with the original rock porosity and pore size. However, this correlation fails whenever high-stress fields provide vertical fracturing or faulting, and it is the high-stress/low-permeability category that is most amenable to artificial stimulation by hydraulic fracturing, propellant fracturing, or chemical explosive fracturing. Category (i) geothermal fields (e.g., Cerro Prieto, Mexico; Niland, CA; East Mesa, CA) are not recommended for artificial stimulation because these younger sediments almost always produce warm or hot water. Most geothermal fields fit into category (ii) (e.g., Wairakei, New Zealand; Matsukawa, Japan; Ahuachapan, El Salvador) and in the case of Mt. Home, ID, and Chandler, AZ, possess some potential for stimulation. The Geysers is a category (iii) field, and its highly stressed brittle rocks should make this site amenable to stimulation by explosive fracturing techniques. Roosevelt Springs, UT, Well 9-1 is in category (iv) and is a flow failure. It represents a prime candidate for stimulation by hydraulic fracturing because it has a measured temperature of 227/sup 0/C, is cased and available for experimentation, and is within 900 m of an excellent geothermal producing well Close

• 10. [Image] Geophysical Lineaments of Arizona

  	Photolineaments seen on satellite images are usually expressions of deep crustal ruptures. However, photolineaments are omnipresent and an independent expression of regional discontinuities is needed to ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geophysical Lineaments of Arizona Author: Lepley, L.K. Year: 1979 Photolineaments seen on satellite images are usually expressions of deep crustal ruptures. However, photolineaments are omnipresent and an independent expression of regional discontinuities is needed to help rank the photolineaments. Published gravity and magnetic contour maps of Arizona were analyzed to produce a single geophysical lineament map to indicate trends of regional basement structures. This map shows that the southwestern quarter of Arizona is dominated by a NNW-ENE orthogonal system whereas the remainder of the state is gridded by a NW-NE system. North-south systems are present throughout the state, as are EW lineaments. Arizona is transected by the WNW Texas Strand, but other shorter systems trending in the Texas direction are found throughout the state south of the Strand. The major lineament systems as seen on Landsat, gravity, and magnetic maps correlate reasonably Well with known geothermal manifestations. Many other systems are Precambrian, Paleozoic, and/or Mesozoic in age but appear to control the location of Quaternary Volcanic systems Title: Geophysical Lineaments of Arizona Author: Lepley, L.K. Year: 1979 Photolineaments seen on satellite images are usually expressions of deep crustal ruptures. However, photolineaments are omnipresent and an independent expression of regional discontinuities is needed to help rank the photolineaments. Published gravity and magnetic contour maps of Arizona were analyzed to produce a single geophysical lineament map to indicate trends of regional basement structures. This map shows that the southwestern quarter of Arizona is dominated by a NNW-ENE orthogonal system whereas the remainder of the state is gridded by a NW-NE system. North-south systems are present throughout the state, as are EW lineaments. Arizona is transected by the WNW Texas Strand, but other shorter systems trending in the Texas direction are found throughout the state south of the Strand. The major lineament systems as seen on Landsat, gravity, and magnetic maps correlate reasonably Well with known geothermal manifestations. Many other systems are Precambrian, Paleozoic, and/or Mesozoic in age but appear to control the location of Quaternary Volcanic systems Close