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• 21. [Image] A Guide to Geothermal Energy and the Environment

  	Geothermal energy, defined as heat from the Earth, is a statute-recognized renewable resource. The first U.S. geothermal power plant, opened at The Geysers in California in 1960, continues to operate successfully. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Guide to Geothermal Energy and the Environment Author: Kagel, A. Year: 2005 Geothermal energy, defined as heat from the Earth, is a statute-recognized renewable resource. The first U.S. geothermal power plant, opened at The Geysers in California in 1960, continues to operate successfully. The United States, as the world's largest producer of geothermal electricity, generates an average of 15 billion kilowatt hours of power per year, comparable to burning close to 25 million barrels of oil or 6 million short tons of coal per year Title: A Guide to Geothermal Energy and the Environment Author: Kagel, A. Year: 2005 Geothermal energy, defined as heat from the Earth, is a statute-recognized renewable resource. The first U.S. geothermal power plant, opened at The Geysers in California in 1960, continues to operate successfully. The United States, as the world's largest producer of geothermal electricity, generates an average of 15 billion kilowatt hours of power per year, comparable to burning close to 25 million barrels of oil or 6 million short tons of coal per year Close

• 22. [Image] An Investigation of the Technical and Economic Feasibility of Using Low Temperature Geothermal Sources in Colorado

  	A preliminary feasibility study of utilizing low temperature geothermal sources in Colorado to heat buildings has been completed. It is concluded that the technology for using geothermal sources to heat ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Investigation of the Technical and Economic Feasibility of Using Low Temperature Geothermal Sources in Colorado Author: Nannen, L. W. Year: 1975 A preliminary feasibility study of utilizing low temperature geothermal sources in Colorado to heat buildings has been completed. It is concluded that the technology for using geothermal sources to heat buildings exists and that the cost of heat will be between $ 2 and 5 per million Btu delivered. Although geothermal heating is more expensive than heating with natural gas at current prices, it is considerably less expensive than heating by means of current solar thermal conversion methods. It is, therefore, recommended that an exploratory well be drilled in a place such as Glenwood Springs, Colorado, to define the thermal, chemical, and geological characteristics of a geothermal source in detail as a first step toward utilization of geothermal energy on a commercial scale in Colorado Title: An Investigation of the Technical and Economic Feasibility of Using Low Temperature Geothermal Sources in Colorado Author: Nannen, L. W. Year: 1975 A preliminary feasibility study of utilizing low temperature geothermal sources in Colorado to heat buildings has been completed. It is concluded that the technology for using geothermal sources to heat buildings exists and that the cost of heat will be between $ 2 and 5 per million Btu delivered. Although geothermal heating is more expensive than heating with natural gas at current prices, it is considerably less expensive than heating by means of current solar thermal conversion methods. It is, therefore, recommended that an exploratory well be drilled in a place such as Glenwood Springs, Colorado, to define the thermal, chemical, and geological characteristics of a geothermal source in detail as a first step toward utilization of geothermal energy on a commercial scale in Colorado Close

• 23. [Image] Geothermal Energy in Wyoming: Site Data Base and Development Status

  	An overview of geothermal energy and its current and potential uses in Wyoming is presented. Chapters on each region are concluded with a summary of thermal springs in the region. The uniqueness of Yellowstone ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Energy in Wyoming: Site Data Base and Development Status Author: James, R.W. Year: 1979 An overview of geothermal energy and its current and potential uses in Wyoming is presented. Chapters on each region are concluded with a summary of thermal springs in the region. The uniqueness of Yellowstone is discussed from both an institutional point of view and a natural one. The institutional situation at the federal and state level is discussed as it applies to geothermal development in Wyoming. (MHR) Title: Geothermal Energy in Wyoming: Site Data Base and Development Status Author: James, R.W. Year: 1979 An overview of geothermal energy and its current and potential uses in Wyoming is presented. Chapters on each region are concluded with a summary of thermal springs in the region. The uniqueness of Yellowstone is discussed from both an institutional point of view and a natural one. The institutional situation at the federal and state level is discussed as it applies to geothermal development in Wyoming. (MHR) Close

• 24. [Image] Fourmile Hill Geothermal Development Project: Environmental Impact Statement, Environmental Impact Report, Final EIS/EIR Executive Summary

  	The Fourmile Hill Geothermal Development Project would be located in eastern Siskiyou and western Modoc Counties, California, on the Klamath and Modoc National Forests and within the Glass Mountain Known ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fourmile Hill Geothermal Development Project: Environmental Impact Statement, Environmental Impact Report, Final EIS/EIR Executive Summary Author: Bureau of Land Management Year: 1998 The Fourmile Hill Geothermal Development Project would be located in eastern Siskiyou and western Modoc Counties, California, on the Klamath and Modoc National Forests and within the Glass Mountain Known Geothermal Resource Area (I<GRA). Calpine Corporation proposes to develop a 49.9 megawatt geothermal power plant and Wellfield and a 24-mile, 23O-kilovolt transmission line. The Glass Mountain KGRA, which is designated by the US. Geological Survey, is one of the only remaining undeveloped KGRAs in North America with a demonstrated geothermal resource. Based on the analysis presented in the Final Environmental Impact Statement and Environmental Impact Report (EIS/EIR), the project, after mitigation, would have a significant adverse effect on the environment on traditional cultural values and visual resources. After mitigation, the project would not have any other significant adverse effects on the environment. Effects on visual resources would be avoided by proposed alternatives. Effects on traditional cultural values would be unavoidable. The project could also result in significant cumulative effects through conflicts with religious use of the area by local tribal members. Potentially significant cumulative effects in the Medicine Lake area would be avoided by the preferred alternative. The Final EIS/EIR is distributed for a 30-day notification period that begins October 2 and ends November 2, 1998 Title: Fourmile Hill Geothermal Development Project: Environmental Impact Statement, Environmental Impact Report, Final EIS/EIR Executive Summary Author: Bureau of Land Management Year: 1998 The Fourmile Hill Geothermal Development Project would be located in eastern Siskiyou and western Modoc Counties, California, on the Klamath and Modoc National Forests and within the Glass Mountain Known Geothermal Resource Area (I<GRA). Calpine Corporation proposes to develop a 49.9 megawatt geothermal power plant and Wellfield and a 24-mile, 23O-kilovolt transmission line. The Glass Mountain KGRA, which is designated by the US. Geological Survey, is one of the only remaining undeveloped KGRAs in North America with a demonstrated geothermal resource. Based on the analysis presented in the Final Environmental Impact Statement and Environmental Impact Report (EIS/EIR), the project, after mitigation, would have a significant adverse effect on the environment on traditional cultural values and visual resources. After mitigation, the project would not have any other significant adverse effects on the environment. Effects on visual resources would be avoided by proposed alternatives. Effects on traditional cultural values would be unavoidable. The project could also result in significant cumulative effects through conflicts with religious use of the area by local tribal members. Potentially significant cumulative effects in the Medicine Lake area would be avoided by the preferred alternative. The Final EIS/EIR is distributed for a 30-day notification period that begins October 2 and ends November 2, 1998 Close

• 25. [Image] Geothermal Energy Utilization in Japan

  	There are many volcanoes, geothermal fields, and hot springs in Japan, all of which have had an intense influence upon the constitution of the Japanese people and the formation of Japanese culture. The ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Energy Utilization in Japan Author: Kozo, Y. Year: 1974 There are many volcanoes, geothermal fields, and hot springs in Japan, all of which have had an intense influence upon the constitution of the Japanese people and the formation of Japanese culture. The Japanese have utilized geothermal energy since ancient times in the form of hot baths. The therapeutic effectiveness of the dissolved constituents in hot spring waters and the relative high temperatures of the waters have been long enjoyed by the Japanese public. The great liking of the Japanese for hot baths has led to the commercial development of lodging facilities and amusement centers at the sites of Japanese geothermal manifestations. Many greenhouses containing cacti and tropical plants are utilizing geothermal energy and have become Sightseeing attractions in these hot spring areas. Although geothermal electric power generation has a history of about 50 years of Research and Development, the utility-scale Use of this energy is very recent. Geothermal power generation has been slowed by economic conditions, industrial structures, and energy policies. In recent years, because of the worldwide energy crisis, geothermal energy has attracted industrial attention as a non-polluting energy resource. In Japan this new source of energy has been included by the Government as a part of its national policy. Following the action of the government, local residents and industrial circles have exhibited deep interest in geothermal energy. Accordingly, geothermal power generation in Japan should greatly expand in the near future Title: Geothermal Energy Utilization in Japan Author: Kozo, Y. Year: 1974 There are many volcanoes, geothermal fields, and hot springs in Japan, all of which have had an intense influence upon the constitution of the Japanese people and the formation of Japanese culture. The Japanese have utilized geothermal energy since ancient times in the form of hot baths. The therapeutic effectiveness of the dissolved constituents in hot spring waters and the relative high temperatures of the waters have been long enjoyed by the Japanese public. The great liking of the Japanese for hot baths has led to the commercial development of lodging facilities and amusement centers at the sites of Japanese geothermal manifestations. Many greenhouses containing cacti and tropical plants are utilizing geothermal energy and have become Sightseeing attractions in these hot spring areas. Although geothermal electric power generation has a history of about 50 years of Research and Development, the utility-scale Use of this energy is very recent. Geothermal power generation has been slowed by economic conditions, industrial structures, and energy policies. In recent years, because of the worldwide energy crisis, geothermal energy has attracted industrial attention as a non-polluting energy resource. In Japan this new source of energy has been included by the Government as a part of its national policy. Following the action of the government, local residents and industrial circles have exhibited deep interest in geothermal energy. Accordingly, geothermal power generation in Japan should greatly expand in the near future Close

• 26. [Image] Transient well testing in two-phase geothermal reservoirs

  	A study of well test analysis techniques in two-phase geothermal reservoirs has been conducted using a three-dimensional, two-phase, wellbore and reservoir simulation model. Well tests from Cerro Prieto ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Transient well testing in two-phase geothermal reservoirs Author: Aydelotte, S.R. Year: 1980 A study of well test analysis techniques in two-phase geothermal reservoirs has been conducted using a three-dimensional, two-phase, wellbore and reservoir simulation model. Well tests from Cerro Prieto and the Hawaiian Geothermal project have been history matched. Using these well tests as a base, the influence of reservoir permeability, porosity, thickness, and heat capacity, along with flow rate and fracturing were studied. Single and two-phase transient well test equations were used to analyze these tests with poor results due to rapidly changing fluid properties and inability to calculate the flowing steam saturation in the reservoir. The injection of cold water into the reservoir does give good data from which formation properties can be calculated. Title: Transient well testing in two-phase geothermal reservoirs Author: Aydelotte, S.R. Year: 1980 A study of well test analysis techniques in two-phase geothermal reservoirs has been conducted using a three-dimensional, two-phase, wellbore and reservoir simulation model. Well tests from Cerro Prieto and the Hawaiian Geothermal project have been history matched. Using these well tests as a base, the influence of reservoir permeability, porosity, thickness, and heat capacity, along with flow rate and fracturing were studied. Single and two-phase transient well test equations were used to analyze these tests with poor results due to rapidly changing fluid properties and inability to calculate the flowing steam saturation in the reservoir. The injection of cold water into the reservoir does give good data from which formation properties can be calculated. Close

• 27. [Image] Innovation Versus Monopoly: Geothermal Energy in the West. Final Report

  	The following subjects are covered: geothermal energy and its use, electric utilities and the climate for geothermal development, the raw fuels industry and geothermal energy, and government and energy. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Innovation Versus Monopoly: Geothermal Energy in the West. Final Report Author: Bierman, S.L. Year: 1977 The following subjects are covered: geothermal energy and its use, electric utilities and the climate for geothermal development, the raw fuels industry and geothermal energy, and government and energy. The role of large petroleum companies and large public utilities is emphasized. (MHR) Title: Innovation Versus Monopoly: Geothermal Energy in the West. Final Report Author: Bierman, S.L. Year: 1977 The following subjects are covered: geothermal energy and its use, electric utilities and the climate for geothermal development, the raw fuels industry and geothermal energy, and government and energy. The role of large petroleum companies and large public utilities is emphasized. (MHR) Close

• 28. [Image] Geothermal energy in Montana: site data base and development status

  	A short description of the state's geothermal characteristics, economy, and climate is presented. More specific information is included under the planning regions and site specific data summaries. A brief ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal energy in Montana: site data base and development status Author: Brown, K.E. Year: 1979 A short description of the state's geothermal characteristics, economy, and climate is presented. More specific information is included under the planning regions and site specific data summaries. A brief discussion of the geothermal characteristics and a listing of a majority of the known hot springs is included. The factors which influence geothermal development were researched and presented, including: economics, financing, state leasing, federal leasing, direct-use technology, water quality laws, water rights, and the Major Facility Siting Act. (MHR); DOE/RL/01049-T6 Title: Geothermal energy in Montana: site data base and development status Author: Brown, K.E. Year: 1979 A short description of the state's geothermal characteristics, economy, and climate is presented. More specific information is included under the planning regions and site specific data summaries. A brief discussion of the geothermal characteristics and a listing of a majority of the known hot springs is included. The factors which influence geothermal development were researched and presented, including: economics, financing, state leasing, federal leasing, direct-use technology, water quality laws, water rights, and the Major Facility Siting Act. (MHR); DOE/RL/01049-T6 Close

• 29. [Image] Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain: A Senario for Geothermal Energy Development: Geothermal Energy And The Eastern U.S.

  	A scenario for the development of potential geothermal resources in the Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain states of Mississippi, Alabama and Florida is explained and discussed. A description of the resources ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain: A Senario for Geothermal Energy Development: Geothermal Energy And The Eastern U.S. Author: Applied Physics Laboratory, John Hopkins University Year: 1978 A scenario for the development of potential geothermal resources in the Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain states of Mississippi, Alabama and Florida is explained and discussed. A description of the resources and the nature of the potential applications and energy market in this region are given. A ranking of the resources as to their energy content, potential market, etc., is described, and the assumptions and strategy used to generate the scenario are discussed. A more complete report on the detailed aspects involved in the preparation of the development scenario will be issued in the near future Title: Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain: A Senario for Geothermal Energy Development: Geothermal Energy And The Eastern U.S. Author: Applied Physics Laboratory, John Hopkins University Year: 1978 A scenario for the development of potential geothermal resources in the Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain states of Mississippi, Alabama and Florida is explained and discussed. A description of the resources and the nature of the potential applications and energy market in this region are given. A ranking of the resources as to their energy content, potential market, etc., is described, and the assumptions and strategy used to generate the scenario are discussed. A more complete report on the detailed aspects involved in the preparation of the development scenario will be issued in the near future Close

• 30. [Image] Geothermal Energy Omnibus Legislation Recommendations of the Institutional Barrier Panel to the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council

  	Three major pieces of legislation have been passed since 1970 to promote the development of geothermal resources in the U.S. These are the Geothermal steam act of 1970 (PL 91-581,the Geothermal Energy ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Energy Omnibus Legislation Recommendations of the Institutional Barrier Panel to the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council Author: Geothermal Division, US Department of Energy Three major pieces of legislation have been passed since 1970 to promote the development of geothermal resources in the U.S. These are the Geothermal steam act of 1970 (PL 91-581,the Geothermal Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1974P-4,and the five Acts that made up the 1978 National Energy Act - the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 -(a_95-61.7), the Energy Tax Act of 1978 OM 95-618), the National Energy Conservation Policy Act OM 65-619), the Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (PL 95-620), and the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 (PL 95-621). These initiatives go a long way toward establishing a legal and regulatory framework favorable to commercial geothermal energy exploration and development, and incentives to stimulate early and widespread use by a variety of users. However, all of these acts require improvements if the geothermal energy utilization objectives of the Council are to be met. Consequently, the Institutional Barrier Panel has developed a recommended Geothermal Energy Omnibus 1 Bill to complete the legislative needs Title: Geothermal Energy Omnibus Legislation Recommendations of the Institutional Barrier Panel to the Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council Author: Geothermal Division, US Department of Energy Three major pieces of legislation have been passed since 1970 to promote the development of geothermal resources in the U.S. These are the Geothermal steam act of 1970 (PL 91-581,the Geothermal Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1974P-4,and the five Acts that made up the 1978 National Energy Act - the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 -(a_95-61.7), the Energy Tax Act of 1978 OM 95-618), the National Energy Conservation Policy Act OM 65-619), the Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 (PL 95-620), and the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 (PL 95-621). These initiatives go a long way toward establishing a legal and regulatory framework favorable to commercial geothermal energy exploration and development, and incentives to stimulate early and widespread use by a variety of users. However, all of these acts require improvements if the geothermal energy utilization objectives of the Council are to be met. Consequently, the Institutional Barrier Panel has developed a recommended Geothermal Energy Omnibus 1 Bill to complete the legislative needs Close