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• 881. [Article] Structural Performance of Artisanal Fish Marketing in Ondo State, Nigeria

  Fish is an important source of protein which is highly needed for human beings to experience necessary growth and development. This is the reason for the phenomenal rise in the consumption of fish in order ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Structural Performance of Artisanal Fish Marketing in Ondo State, Nigeria Author: Ojo, Sylvester Oluwadare, Oparinde, Lawrence Olusola Fish is an important source of protein which is highly needed for human beings to experience necessary growth and development. This is the reason for the phenomenal rise in the consumption of fish in order to meet up with the body nutritional requirements. Therefore, marketing of this source of protein is inevitable as its distribution depends largely on the structure of the marketing system. This study examined the structural performance of artisanal fish marketing in Ondo State, Nigeria. Data collected from 250 artisanal fish sellers selected using multistage sampling technique were analysed using descriptive statistics, marketing and gross margin, Gini coefficient and Lorenze curve analyses. The results showed that artisanal fish marketing was profitable with a mean net return of N137.10/kg ($0.85/kg). The estimated value of the Gini coefficient determined was 0.64, indicating the presence of inequality in the share of the artisanal fish market in the study area. It was realized that all the respondents in the study area, mentioned poor transport network, high transport cost, inadequate fund and inadequate storage facilities as major problems confronting artisanal fish market in the study area. Therefore, programmes that will improve fish marketing should be organized for fish marketers by the relevant government parastatals, extension workers, Non Governmental Organizations and the artisanal fish marketers should be sensitized on the formation of better organized fish marketing cooperative societies where they can solve some of their problems themselves. Title: Structural Performance of Artisanal Fish Marketing in Ondo State, Nigeria Author: Ojo, Sylvester Oluwadare, Oparinde, Lawrence Olusola Fish is an important source of protein which is highly needed for human beings to experience necessary growth and development. This is the reason for the phenomenal rise in the consumption of fish in order to meet up with the body nutritional requirements. Therefore, marketing of this source of protein is inevitable as its distribution depends largely on the structure of the marketing system. This study examined the structural performance of artisanal fish marketing in Ondo State, Nigeria. Data collected from 250 artisanal fish sellers selected using multistage sampling technique were analysed using descriptive statistics, marketing and gross margin, Gini coefficient and Lorenze curve analyses. The results showed that artisanal fish marketing was profitable with a mean net return of N137.10/kg ($0.85/kg). The estimated value of the Gini coefficient determined was 0.64, indicating the presence of inequality in the share of the artisanal fish market in the study area. It was realized that all the respondents in the study area, mentioned poor transport network, high transport cost, inadequate fund and inadequate storage facilities as major problems confronting artisanal fish market in the study area. Therefore, programmes that will improve fish marketing should be organized for fish marketers by the relevant government parastatals, extension workers, Non Governmental Organizations and the artisanal fish marketers should be sensitized on the formation of better organized fish marketing cooperative societies where they can solve some of their problems themselves. Close

• 882. [Article] Fisheries Co-management and its benefits: The Case of Small-scale Fisheries in Malawi

  Fisheries management is more of human management than fish management. This is evidenced by the many fishing regulation that are developed world-wide and imposed on the fishers who harvest the fish resources. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fisheries Co-management and its benefits: The Case of Small-scale Fisheries in Malawi Author: Donda, Steve Fisheries management is more of human management than fish management. This is evidenced by the many fishing regulation that are developed world-wide and imposed on the fishers who harvest the fish resources. A number of fisheries management regimes have been devised and implemented to sustainably manage the world fisheries but with varied success levels. The small scale fisheries have not been exceptional in these management regime designs. The coming in of resource user participation in fisheries management or co-management have in some cases promoted sustainable utilisation of resources and fishing communities have claimed tangible benefits in their fishing activities. However, research in Malawi has shown that successful co-management implementation has its basis in the network theory. The network theory builds its explanations from patterns of relations and interactions, and it assumes man to be a social being. The Malawi study considered the basic unit in a network as being the single human being and described as an actor. An actor can also be a group of people, a department, organisation or indeed an entire community. This paper looks at the implementation of fisheries co-management in small-scale fisheries in Malawi, the benefits the fishers gain and how the network theory helps to understand and aid the successful implementation of co-management. Title: Fisheries Co-management and its benefits: The Case of Small-scale Fisheries in Malawi Author: Donda, Steve Fisheries management is more of human management than fish management. This is evidenced by the many fishing regulation that are developed world-wide and imposed on the fishers who harvest the fish resources. A number of fisheries management regimes have been devised and implemented to sustainably manage the world fisheries but with varied success levels. The small scale fisheries have not been exceptional in these management regime designs. The coming in of resource user participation in fisheries management or co-management have in some cases promoted sustainable utilisation of resources and fishing communities have claimed tangible benefits in their fishing activities. However, research in Malawi has shown that successful co-management implementation has its basis in the network theory. The network theory builds its explanations from patterns of relations and interactions, and it assumes man to be a social being. The Malawi study considered the basic unit in a network as being the single human being and described as an actor. An actor can also be a group of people, a department, organisation or indeed an entire community. This paper looks at the implementation of fisheries co-management in small-scale fisheries in Malawi, the benefits the fishers gain and how the network theory helps to understand and aid the successful implementation of co-management. Close

• 883. [Article] Moving Towards Market Based and Incentive Based Approaches for Tuna Management in the Western and Central Pacific - The Case of the Parties to the Nauru Agreement (PNA)

  presentation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Moving Towards Market Based and Incentive Based Approaches for Tuna Management in the Western and Central Pacific - The Case of the Parties to the Nauru Agreement (PNA) Author: Bidesi, Vina Ram, Bailey, Megan, Yeeting, Agnes, Weikards, Hans-Peter, Bush, Simon presentation Title: Moving Towards Market Based and Incentive Based Approaches for Tuna Management in the Western and Central Pacific - The Case of the Parties to the Nauru Agreement (PNA) Author: Bidesi, Vina Ram, Bailey, Megan, Yeeting, Agnes, Weikards, Hans-Peter, Bush, Simon presentation Close

• 884. [Article] The Challenge of Improving Fish Consumption in Developing Countries : The Case of Indonesia

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Challenge of Improving Fish Consumption in Developing Countries : The Case of Indonesia Author: Kusumastanto, Tridoyo Research Paper Title: The Challenge of Improving Fish Consumption in Developing Countries : The Case of Indonesia Author: Kusumastanto, Tridoyo Research Paper Close

• 885. [Article] A Study of the Impacts of Free Trade on Taiwan's Fisheries Sector - by Incorporating the Effect of Mainland China's Accession

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Study of the Impacts of Free Trade on Taiwan's Fisheries Sector - by Incorporating the Effect of Mainland China's Accession Author: Chiang, Fu-Sung Research Paper Title: A Study of the Impacts of Free Trade on Taiwan's Fisheries Sector - by Incorporating the Effect of Mainland China's Accession Author: Chiang, Fu-Sung Research Paper Close

• 886. [Article] Western Rock Lobster Fishery: A Case Study in Fisheries Management - From Success? to Recruitment Failure? and Where to Now?

  Australia’s western rock lobster fishery is its most valuable and hence from a biological perspective most tightly managed major commercial fishery, yet it has been beset by problems of miniscule recruitment ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Western Rock Lobster Fishery: A Case Study in Fisheries Management - From Success? to Recruitment Failure? and Where to Now? Author: Nicholls, John, McElroy, James Kevin, McLeod, Paul, Lindner, Bob Australia’s western rock lobster fishery is its most valuable and hence from a biological perspective most tightly managed major commercial fishery, yet it has been beset by problems of miniscule recruitment over the past 3 years. This coming year 2010-11 is little better. It was the joint first Marine Stewardship Council certified fishery - first in April 2001, recertified in 2006 and again in Jan 2010. Despite this, it has suffered all the well known problems of first, an open access fishery, and even in its current management mode of a total effort controlled fishery – based on total number of pots- is subject to ever shortening seasons and only moderate prices as a result of “the race to fish”. The paper first presents the results of a bio-economic model on the comparative costs and benefits of an ITQ versus ITE system for this fishery. The results were derived from a purpose built bioeconomic model with three separate bio-geographic zones in the fishery using non linear optimization to produce ten year steady state solutions for alternative management options. Management options included the current pot control system, and several versions of an individual transferable catch quota system. Key outputs for each scenario include: net economic benefits, breeder biomass index, annual catch, annual pot lifts, number of pots and vessel numbers. The results indicate significant potential net economic gains from moving away from the current input control regime. The range of scenarios modeled illustrated some of the tradeoffs between maximizing net economic returns and minimizing biological risks, as well as quantifying the impact of changes such as an extended fishing season. The paper highlights the issues faced by most fisheries during their lifespan - from a progressive concentration of fishing and processing effort with business diversification and monopoly-like behaviour attempting to reduce/diversify risk by its most successful participants – to an industry in crisis simply fighting for its survival. The paper illustrates why undiversified fishing in such a situation as ITEs is too risky even for vertically integrated fishing and marketing companies. The current situation is forcing a major rethink by the industry’s leaders with ITQs again on the agenda to replace the current failed individual total effort (ITE) limit policy. Title: Western Rock Lobster Fishery: A Case Study in Fisheries Management - From Success? to Recruitment Failure? and Where to Now? Author: Nicholls, John, McElroy, James Kevin, McLeod, Paul, Lindner, Bob Australia’s western rock lobster fishery is its most valuable and hence from a biological perspective most tightly managed major commercial fishery, yet it has been beset by problems of miniscule recruitment over the past 3 years. This coming year 2010-11 is little better. It was the joint first Marine Stewardship Council certified fishery - first in April 2001, recertified in 2006 and again in Jan 2010. Despite this, it has suffered all the well known problems of first, an open access fishery, and even in its current management mode of a total effort controlled fishery – based on total number of pots- is subject to ever shortening seasons and only moderate prices as a result of “the race to fish”. The paper first presents the results of a bio-economic model on the comparative costs and benefits of an ITQ versus ITE system for this fishery. The results were derived from a purpose built bioeconomic model with three separate bio-geographic zones in the fishery using non linear optimization to produce ten year steady state solutions for alternative management options. Management options included the current pot control system, and several versions of an individual transferable catch quota system. Key outputs for each scenario include: net economic benefits, breeder biomass index, annual catch, annual pot lifts, number of pots and vessel numbers. The results indicate significant potential net economic gains from moving away from the current input control regime. The range of scenarios modeled illustrated some of the tradeoffs between maximizing net economic returns and minimizing biological risks, as well as quantifying the impact of changes such as an extended fishing season. The paper highlights the issues faced by most fisheries during their lifespan - from a progressive concentration of fishing and processing effort with business diversification and monopoly-like behaviour attempting to reduce/diversify risk by its most successful participants – to an industry in crisis simply fighting for its survival. The paper illustrates why undiversified fishing in such a situation as ITEs is too risky even for vertically integrated fishing and marketing companies. The current situation is forcing a major rethink by the industry’s leaders with ITQs again on the agenda to replace the current failed individual total effort (ITE) limit policy. Close

• 887. [Article] Adoption and farm-level impact of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) in the Philippines

  Over the last four decades, the aquaculture sector especially in developing countries has experienced dramatic growth. The increase in aquaculture production is a combination of area expansion and technological ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Adoption and farm-level impact of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) in the Philippines Author: Abella, Tereso, Vera Cruz, Emmanuel, Waibel, Hermann, Pemsl, Diemuth E., Tongruksawattana, Thongporn, Garcia, Yolanda T., Chen, Oai Li Over the last four decades, the aquaculture sector especially in developing countries has experienced dramatic growth. The increase in aquaculture production is a combination of area expansion and technological change (enhanced strains, input of feed and fertilizer, and improved management). One example of such technological change is the selective breeding efforts on tilapia that were initiated in 1988 by the WorldFish Center (then ICLARM) together with (inter-)national partners. The outcome of the selective breeding effort was a tilapia strain called ”GIFT” (genetically improved farmed tilapia) which was first made available in 1993 and which showed significantly higher growth rates in on-farm trials. The strain was first adopted in the Philippines but has since been disseminated in 11 Asian countries. Ex-ante studies had shown the potential of the GIFT strain and concluded that substantial impact from GIFT and GIFT-derived strains can be expected. Our study is an ex-post assessment of the farm-level impact of GIFT and the way the technology has been disseminated and taken up. The study is based on a survey of 780 tilapia producers conducted in 2006/2007 in three different regions in Luzon, the Philippines. We analyze adoption rates of the GIFT strain and compare the performance of GIFT vs. non-GIFT strains and the impact of different factors on tilapia yields. Lastly, we evaluate the profitability of the production of GIFT vs. non-GIFT strains. Our major findings are that based on farmers’ reporting the adoption of pure GIFT strains is very low (6%), while almost half of the farmers reported to use GIFTderived strains. There is uncertainty about the genetic origin of the strains in at least 27% of the cases, and even for the GIFT and GIFT-derived strains questions remain with regard to the purity of the breed. Based on farmers’ ratings and the reported production information, the GIFT and GIFT-derived strains did not perform any better compared to other strains. This is likely to be a result of the poor management of improved strains over the last 15 years rather than a shortcoming of the original GIFT technology. Title: Adoption and farm-level impact of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) in the Philippines Author: Abella, Tereso, Vera Cruz, Emmanuel, Waibel, Hermann, Pemsl, Diemuth E., Tongruksawattana, Thongporn, Garcia, Yolanda T., Chen, Oai Li Over the last four decades, the aquaculture sector especially in developing countries has experienced dramatic growth. The increase in aquaculture production is a combination of area expansion and technological change (enhanced strains, input of feed and fertilizer, and improved management). One example of such technological change is the selective breeding efforts on tilapia that were initiated in 1988 by the WorldFish Center (then ICLARM) together with (inter-)national partners. The outcome of the selective breeding effort was a tilapia strain called ”GIFT” (genetically improved farmed tilapia) which was first made available in 1993 and which showed significantly higher growth rates in on-farm trials. The strain was first adopted in the Philippines but has since been disseminated in 11 Asian countries. Ex-ante studies had shown the potential of the GIFT strain and concluded that substantial impact from GIFT and GIFT-derived strains can be expected. Our study is an ex-post assessment of the farm-level impact of GIFT and the way the technology has been disseminated and taken up. The study is based on a survey of 780 tilapia producers conducted in 2006/2007 in three different regions in Luzon, the Philippines. We analyze adoption rates of the GIFT strain and compare the performance of GIFT vs. non-GIFT strains and the impact of different factors on tilapia yields. Lastly, we evaluate the profitability of the production of GIFT vs. non-GIFT strains. Our major findings are that based on farmers’ reporting the adoption of pure GIFT strains is very low (6%), while almost half of the farmers reported to use GIFTderived strains. There is uncertainty about the genetic origin of the strains in at least 27% of the cases, and even for the GIFT and GIFT-derived strains questions remain with regard to the purity of the breed. Based on farmers’ ratings and the reported production information, the GIFT and GIFT-derived strains did not perform any better compared to other strains. This is likely to be a result of the poor management of improved strains over the last 15 years rather than a shortcoming of the original GIFT technology. Close

• 888. [Article] Assessing Policies Promoting Poverty Alleviation and Marine Resource Sustainability in Impoverished Coastal Communities

  Full article is forthcoming in African Geographical Review.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing Policies Promoting Poverty Alleviation and Marine Resource Sustainability in Impoverished Coastal Communities Author: Stern, Michelle Full article is forthcoming in African Geographical Review. Title: Assessing Policies Promoting Poverty Alleviation and Marine Resource Sustainability in Impoverished Coastal Communities Author: Stern, Michelle Full article is forthcoming in African Geographical Review. Close

• 889. [Article] Special Session: Coupled Economic-Ecological Models for Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management: Exploration of Trade-offs Between Model Complexity and Management Needs

  Ecosystem based fishery management has moved beyond rhetorical statements calling for a more holistic approach to resource management, to implementing decisions on resource use that are compatible with ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Special Session: Coupled Economic-Ecological Models for Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management: Exploration of Trade-offs Between Model Complexity and Management Needs Author: Holland, Dan, Schmidt, Jörn, Thunberg, Eric, Nielsen, Rasmus Ecosystem based fishery management has moved beyond rhetorical statements calling for a more holistic approach to resource management, to implementing decisions on resource use that are compatible with goals of maintaining ecosystem health and resilience. Coupled economic-ecological models are a primary tool for informing these decisions. Recognizing the importance of these models, the International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES) formed a Study Group on Integration of Economics, Stock Assessment and Fisheries Management (SGIMM) to explore alternative modelling approaches that bring the multiple disciplines of economics, ecology, and stock assessment into integrated ecosystem models. The theme session was designed to be an extension of a series of workshops and theme sessions organized by the SGIMM, but highlighted the economic component of coupled models. Although economic and ecological systems are inherently complex, models are abstractions of these systems incorporating varying levels of complexity depending on available data and the management issues to be addressed. The objective of this special session was to assess the pros and cons of increasing model complexity to incorporate linkages between ecosystem components and processes. While more complex ecosystem models may provide greater insight into how management decisions and human actions propagate through the ecosystem and impact the value of ecosystem services, the resources and information required to develop and parameterize them is greater and these models tend to require trade-offs such as the inability to quantify uncertainty or model human behaviour as accurately as can be done with models of individual fisheries. The theme session was organized as a moderated panel format representing a progression of economic-ecological models from less to increasingly complex. The panel was selected to represent a range of models from fully integrated, highly detailed and dynamic economic-ecological models such as Atlantis to models that may be less detailed or not fully dynamic or integrated. The special session focused primarily on management issues that are of a longer term strategic nature such as the implications of climate change, fundamental regime change, or the role of forage species in an ecosystem. Each panellist provided an overview of their model including the management questions the model was designed to address, the data and time requirements, as well as any lessons learned. The panellist presentations were followed by an open discussion among the panellists and the audience. The abstracts for each of the panellist presentation are provided below followed by a summary of the issues raised during the moderated discussion session. Title: Special Session: Coupled Economic-Ecological Models for Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management: Exploration of Trade-offs Between Model Complexity and Management Needs Author: Holland, Dan, Schmidt, Jörn, Thunberg, Eric, Nielsen, Rasmus Ecosystem based fishery management has moved beyond rhetorical statements calling for a more holistic approach to resource management, to implementing decisions on resource use that are compatible with goals of maintaining ecosystem health and resilience. Coupled economic-ecological models are a primary tool for informing these decisions. Recognizing the importance of these models, the International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES) formed a Study Group on Integration of Economics, Stock Assessment and Fisheries Management (SGIMM) to explore alternative modelling approaches that bring the multiple disciplines of economics, ecology, and stock assessment into integrated ecosystem models. The theme session was designed to be an extension of a series of workshops and theme sessions organized by the SGIMM, but highlighted the economic component of coupled models. Although economic and ecological systems are inherently complex, models are abstractions of these systems incorporating varying levels of complexity depending on available data and the management issues to be addressed. The objective of this special session was to assess the pros and cons of increasing model complexity to incorporate linkages between ecosystem components and processes. While more complex ecosystem models may provide greater insight into how management decisions and human actions propagate through the ecosystem and impact the value of ecosystem services, the resources and information required to develop and parameterize them is greater and these models tend to require trade-offs such as the inability to quantify uncertainty or model human behaviour as accurately as can be done with models of individual fisheries. The theme session was organized as a moderated panel format representing a progression of economic-ecological models from less to increasingly complex. The panel was selected to represent a range of models from fully integrated, highly detailed and dynamic economic-ecological models such as Atlantis to models that may be less detailed or not fully dynamic or integrated. The special session focused primarily on management issues that are of a longer term strategic nature such as the implications of climate change, fundamental regime change, or the role of forage species in an ecosystem. Each panellist provided an overview of their model including the management questions the model was designed to address, the data and time requirements, as well as any lessons learned. The panellist presentations were followed by an open discussion among the panellists and the audience. The abstracts for each of the panellist presentation are provided below followed by a summary of the issues raised during the moderated discussion session. Close