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• 71. [Article] Small-scale Fisheries in South Africa: The Uneven Road from Recognition to Governance

  Power Point presentation.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Small-scale Fisheries in South Africa: The Uneven Road from Recognition to Governance Author: Calvo-Ugarteburu, Gurutze, Raemaekers, Serge, Britz, Peter Power Point presentation. Title: Small-scale Fisheries in South Africa: The Uneven Road from Recognition to Governance Author: Calvo-Ugarteburu, Gurutze, Raemaekers, Serge, Britz, Peter Power Point presentation. Close

• 72. [Article] Globalization - Has it Helped or Hindered in Managing Fish Stocks Sustainably?

  While there have been substantial benefits to fish trade and the fishing industry from the opening up of markets, deregulation and greater flexibility in how and where companies can operate, this may have ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Globalization - Has it Helped or Hindered in Managing Fish Stocks Sustainably? Author: Lack, Mary, Meere, Frank While there have been substantial benefits to fish trade and the fishing industry from the opening up of markets, deregulation and greater flexibility in how and where companies can operate, this may have come at a significant cost when it comes to managing fish stocks sustainably. Globalization has facilitated the catching, processing and marketing of fish however we frequently have little or no idea where the fish was caught, how sustainable the catch is, and where it has been before it enters the final market. Fisheries management by its very nature requires significant regulation. Regulation is aimed at addressing market failure. Well-resourced domestic fisheries management will result in sustainable fisheries and agreed environmental outcomes. Catches from the high seas present a vastly more complex picture. Despite attempts over many years to manage high seas stocks the record is not good. Globalization has in many cases facilitated the development and use of loopholes in international arrangements providing access to flag States who are not party to key agreements and allowing companies to set up in these countries often with little or no transparency. This environment presents a significant policy challenge for fisheries managers and the international community. How do we get economics to reinforce the fisheries management arrangements we need? There are significant policy gaps which need to be explored and responses developed. It may be time for a significant shift in thinking about the rights and responsibilities of those who access fishery resources. Title: Globalization - Has it Helped or Hindered in Managing Fish Stocks Sustainably? Author: Lack, Mary, Meere, Frank While there have been substantial benefits to fish trade and the fishing industry from the opening up of markets, deregulation and greater flexibility in how and where companies can operate, this may have come at a significant cost when it comes to managing fish stocks sustainably. Globalization has facilitated the catching, processing and marketing of fish however we frequently have little or no idea where the fish was caught, how sustainable the catch is, and where it has been before it enters the final market. Fisheries management by its very nature requires significant regulation. Regulation is aimed at addressing market failure. Well-resourced domestic fisheries management will result in sustainable fisheries and agreed environmental outcomes. Catches from the high seas present a vastly more complex picture. Despite attempts over many years to manage high seas stocks the record is not good. Globalization has in many cases facilitated the development and use of loopholes in international arrangements providing access to flag States who are not party to key agreements and allowing companies to set up in these countries often with little or no transparency. This environment presents a significant policy challenge for fisheries managers and the international community. How do we get economics to reinforce the fisheries management arrangements we need? There are significant policy gaps which need to be explored and responses developed. It may be time for a significant shift in thinking about the rights and responsibilities of those who access fishery resources. Close

• 73. [Article] Role Of Institutions With Regard To Fisher Livehoods And Resource Conservation: Small-Scall Craff Fishery in Sri Lanka

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Role Of Institutions With Regard To Fisher Livehoods And Resource Conservation: Small-Scall Craff Fishery in Sri Lanka Author: Withana Arachchige, Ranjith Wickramasinghe, Bavinck, Maarten Abstract only. Title: Role Of Institutions With Regard To Fisher Livehoods And Resource Conservation: Small-Scall Craff Fishery in Sri Lanka Author: Withana Arachchige, Ranjith Wickramasinghe, Bavinck, Maarten Abstract only. Close

• 74. [Article] The Potential for Insurance to Mediate Economic Risks in Marine Fisheries

  In agriculture there has been a long history of using a levy or an insurance premium to create mutual funds to mediate economic risks to growers due to environmental variability and quarantine pests. In ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Potential for Insurance to Mediate Economic Risks in Marine Fisheries Author: Levontin, Polina, Leach, Adrian, Kell, Laurence, Mumford, John In agriculture there has been a long history of using a levy or an insurance premium to create mutual funds to mediate economic risks to growers due to environmental variability and quarantine pests. In the United States the federal government, through the USDA, continues to underwrite funds (collected by private insurance agents) which are used to protect contributors from the effects of extreme weather and pest and disease losses. In Europe mutual funds such as the Kartoffelafgiftsfonden in Denmark and Potatopol in the Netherlands have been developed to mediate risks from some potato diseases in different ways. This paper uses established methods of economic risk management from agriculture and applies these to marine fisheries to demonstrate how financial risks could be mediated by the creation of insurance funds. Through the use of probabilistic estimates of future catches and prices, and the risk of depletion across various scenarios, we investigate how government and industry participation in creating and managing funds may encourage increased protection of fisheries, and compliance and enforcement for fishery regulations. The paper also explores how fund exposure may be reduced by the application of reinsurance from commercial insurers for the upper tail of high cost, low probability events, such as total fishery collapse. Title: The Potential for Insurance to Mediate Economic Risks in Marine Fisheries Author: Levontin, Polina, Leach, Adrian, Kell, Laurence, Mumford, John In agriculture there has been a long history of using a levy or an insurance premium to create mutual funds to mediate economic risks to growers due to environmental variability and quarantine pests. In the United States the federal government, through the USDA, continues to underwrite funds (collected by private insurance agents) which are used to protect contributors from the effects of extreme weather and pest and disease losses. In Europe mutual funds such as the Kartoffelafgiftsfonden in Denmark and Potatopol in the Netherlands have been developed to mediate risks from some potato diseases in different ways. This paper uses established methods of economic risk management from agriculture and applies these to marine fisheries to demonstrate how financial risks could be mediated by the creation of insurance funds. Through the use of probabilistic estimates of future catches and prices, and the risk of depletion across various scenarios, we investigate how government and industry participation in creating and managing funds may encourage increased protection of fisheries, and compliance and enforcement for fishery regulations. The paper also explores how fund exposure may be reduced by the application of reinsurance from commercial insurers for the upper tail of high cost, low probability events, such as total fishery collapse. Close

• 75. [Article] Challenges, Opportunities, and Effective Solutions for the Enhancement of Sustainable Fisheries Development Planning Capacity in Vietnam

  Planning is an important kind of policies making. Meanwhile it is considered as activities which specify general development strategies of a nation, sector or even a specific field; it also is the basis ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Challenges, Opportunities, and Effective Solutions for the Enhancement of Sustainable Fisheries Development Planning Capacity in Vietnam Author: Hoang Van, Cuong Planning is an important kind of policies making. Meanwhile it is considered as activities which specify general development strategies of a nation, sector or even a specific field; it also is the basis for developing and implementing development projects (Huong, 2005). Therefore, it is essential to recognize the challenges, opportunities and solutions in enhancing the planning capacity. Vietnamese Fisheries managers and other stakeholders have been facing a number of challenges. Being an efficient fishery planner requires a broad-spectrum knowledge and skills which have been changing and updating quickly in the modern dynamic world. The second issue is why and how to corporate in planning process. Other challenge is how to solve various conflicts (related to economics, social and environment value). Financial and other regulations are also major issues impacting on the quality of planning. Opportunities of innovations for planners, however, have been being more available and they need to be recognized and applied effectively. These opportunities occur since there has been development in Economy, Education, Technology, and the chances of joining the global market. To enhance the capacity of fisheries planning, a package of effective solutions should be considered. They mainly are of upgrading the regulation and awareness (related to supply of data, updating knowledge, evaluation and monitoring of planning process&); considering in more suitable way to organize, to develop and implement planning process. (Combination of top-down as well as bottom-top approach planning, corporation&); identify goals and strategies to educate or train planners at different levels. Title: Challenges, Opportunities, and Effective Solutions for the Enhancement of Sustainable Fisheries Development Planning Capacity in Vietnam Author: Hoang Van, Cuong Planning is an important kind of policies making. Meanwhile it is considered as activities which specify general development strategies of a nation, sector or even a specific field; it also is the basis for developing and implementing development projects (Huong, 2005). Therefore, it is essential to recognize the challenges, opportunities and solutions in enhancing the planning capacity. Vietnamese Fisheries managers and other stakeholders have been facing a number of challenges. Being an efficient fishery planner requires a broad-spectrum knowledge and skills which have been changing and updating quickly in the modern dynamic world. The second issue is why and how to corporate in planning process. Other challenge is how to solve various conflicts (related to economics, social and environment value). Financial and other regulations are also major issues impacting on the quality of planning. Opportunities of innovations for planners, however, have been being more available and they need to be recognized and applied effectively. These opportunities occur since there has been development in Economy, Education, Technology, and the chances of joining the global market. To enhance the capacity of fisheries planning, a package of effective solutions should be considered. They mainly are of upgrading the regulation and awareness (related to supply of data, updating knowledge, evaluation and monitoring of planning process&); considering in more suitable way to organize, to develop and implement planning process. (Combination of top-down as well as bottom-top approach planning, corporation&); identify goals and strategies to educate or train planners at different levels. Close

• 76. [Article] "Responsible Retailers": Policy Challenges Raised by Private Standards in the Seafood Sector

  Globalisation in the retail sector is transforming food value chains by driving consolidation in the industry and extending supply chains across the globe. Globalisation enables retailers to benefit from ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "Responsible Retailers": Policy Challenges Raised by Private Standards in the Seafood Sector Author: Kelling, Ingrid Globalisation in the retail sector is transforming food value chains by driving consolidation in the industry and extending supply chains across the globe. Globalisation enables retailers to benefit from economies of scale and cheaper production in foreign locations. However, food markets themselves are increasingly responding to local consumer preferences. In response, retailers are using their own standards to differentiate how their products meet these preferences. This further alters value chains by creating direct links between retailers and producers in order to ensure quality and traceability. The growth in supermarket own-brands and links to established and evolving ecolabels has occurred in markets without a parallel development in institutions, leaving retailers as the 'gatekeepers' of consumer standards in some areas. This role raises policy issues regarding the responsibilities of public regulators, the potential effects of private standards on trade patterns and, more broadly, issues of accountability in the international system. This paper addresses the development of retailers as the gatekeepers of food standards in the fisheries sector, evaluates their impact on global supply chains and discusses the use of seafood products as a leading category of retailers' own standards. This paper explores the policy challenges facing governments and consumers in determining the legitimacy of such standards, what role regulation might take, and what obstacles may be encountered. Title: "Responsible Retailers": Policy Challenges Raised by Private Standards in the Seafood Sector Author: Kelling, Ingrid Globalisation in the retail sector is transforming food value chains by driving consolidation in the industry and extending supply chains across the globe. Globalisation enables retailers to benefit from economies of scale and cheaper production in foreign locations. However, food markets themselves are increasingly responding to local consumer preferences. In response, retailers are using their own standards to differentiate how their products meet these preferences. This further alters value chains by creating direct links between retailers and producers in order to ensure quality and traceability. The growth in supermarket own-brands and links to established and evolving ecolabels has occurred in markets without a parallel development in institutions, leaving retailers as the 'gatekeepers' of consumer standards in some areas. This role raises policy issues regarding the responsibilities of public regulators, the potential effects of private standards on trade patterns and, more broadly, issues of accountability in the international system. This paper addresses the development of retailers as the gatekeepers of food standards in the fisheries sector, evaluates their impact on global supply chains and discusses the use of seafood products as a leading category of retailers' own standards. This paper explores the policy challenges facing governments and consumers in determining the legitimacy of such standards, what role regulation might take, and what obstacles may be encountered. Close

• 77. [Article] Capacity, Excess Capacity, and Fisheries Management

  Excess capacity results because fishermen do not have an incentive to conserve fish in-the-sea causing them to overinvest in the capital used to harvest fish as well as other production or factor inputs. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Capacity, Excess Capacity, and Fisheries Management Author: Ward, John Year: 2001 Excess capacity results because fishermen do not have an incentive to conserve fish in-the-sea causing them to overinvest in the capital used to harvest fish as well as other production or factor inputs. Excess 1 capacity like overcapitalization and overfishing is a symptom of our regulated, open access fishery management system. Because capacity has been an ill-defined term in the fisheries literature, it has been poorly understood by fisheries managers. Excess capacity exists in a fishery when the yield from the fishery exceeds the point where net benefits to society are at a maximum; i.e., once maximum economic yield (MEY) is exceeded. Since MEY often occurs before maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is achieved in a developing fishery, excess capacity already exists in a fishery with a fully utilized fish stock. Even where barriers to entry exist in a fishery, such as exclusive economic zones (EEZs), permit moratoriums, or transferable licenses, fishermen who participate in the fishery retain a market incentive to race for the fish since no property rights exist for the in situ marine resource; i.e., the fish-in-the-sea. While the adverse effects of excessive capacity levels have become too obvious and severe to ignore,2 they can be corrected. With economically rational fisheries management, fishermen behave as if a private property right exists for the in situ marine resource. This creates a market incentive for fishermen to conserve the fish stock by divesting capital and other factor inputs needed to harvest fish until the yield from the fishery corresponds to MEY, the fish stock is conserved, and excess capacity in the fishery is eliminated. Achieving this objective is a matter of great debate. Without an unbiased and objective capacity measurement metric, the success or failure of regulations designed to reduce capacity cannot be accurately assessed. Title: Capacity, Excess Capacity, and Fisheries Management Author: Ward, John Year: 2001 Excess capacity results because fishermen do not have an incentive to conserve fish in-the-sea causing them to overinvest in the capital used to harvest fish as well as other production or factor inputs. Excess 1 capacity like overcapitalization and overfishing is a symptom of our regulated, open access fishery management system. Because capacity has been an ill-defined term in the fisheries literature, it has been poorly understood by fisheries managers. Excess capacity exists in a fishery when the yield from the fishery exceeds the point where net benefits to society are at a maximum; i.e., once maximum economic yield (MEY) is exceeded. Since MEY often occurs before maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is achieved in a developing fishery, excess capacity already exists in a fishery with a fully utilized fish stock. Even where barriers to entry exist in a fishery, such as exclusive economic zones (EEZs), permit moratoriums, or transferable licenses, fishermen who participate in the fishery retain a market incentive to race for the fish since no property rights exist for the in situ marine resource; i.e., the fish-in-the-sea. While the adverse effects of excessive capacity levels have become too obvious and severe to ignore,2 they can be corrected. With economically rational fisheries management, fishermen behave as if a private property right exists for the in situ marine resource. This creates a market incentive for fishermen to conserve the fish stock by divesting capital and other factor inputs needed to harvest fish until the yield from the fishery corresponds to MEY, the fish stock is conserved, and excess capacity in the fishery is eliminated. Achieving this objective is a matter of great debate. Without an unbiased and objective capacity measurement metric, the success or failure of regulations designed to reduce capacity cannot be accurately assessed. Close

• 78. [Article] Towards an Eco-Theology of Fisheries Management?

  This paper discusses the potential contribution of an eco-theology to the management of marine resources. The claim of the Christian gospel is that God has a plan for everything in the universe and we ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Towards an Eco-Theology of Fisheries Management? Author: McIlgorm, Alistair Year: 2001 This paper discusses the potential contribution of an eco-theology to the management of marine resources. The claim of the Christian gospel is that God has a plan for everything in the universe and we are to live to bring it about. The Hebrew/Christian world view is significantly different from naturalism and humanism, the prevailing Greek world views in natural resource management. Three biblical paradigms are examined with insights into key elements in the management of fisheries: dominion; regulation and valuation and caring. In dominion we see the strength of mankind's rule over other species, including fish, misused. Fisheries management generally fails to reign in this driving force, rewarding greed while calling for restraint. Regulation and its impact on mindsets and behaviour, is a theme evident in the Old and New Testaments - entering the promised land, keeping the law and caring for others, both humans and fish. The biblical view also emphasises life, death and resurrection as the process seen in nature. New fishery management paradigms may only develop after old ways and attitudes have died. Significant attitudinal change is essential to improve fisheries management and to achieve new management arrangements. Improved fishery stewardship may require "a new fisher", relationally mature and societally accountable, to achieve the goals of sustainable fishery management through a variety of policy paradigms. The Christian world view promotes such attitudinal change to improve stewardship through reconciling issues in our relationship with God, neighbours and nature. It is worthy of further investigation. Title: Towards an Eco-Theology of Fisheries Management? Author: McIlgorm, Alistair Year: 2001 This paper discusses the potential contribution of an eco-theology to the management of marine resources. The claim of the Christian gospel is that God has a plan for everything in the universe and we are to live to bring it about. The Hebrew/Christian world view is significantly different from naturalism and humanism, the prevailing Greek world views in natural resource management. Three biblical paradigms are examined with insights into key elements in the management of fisheries: dominion; regulation and valuation and caring. In dominion we see the strength of mankind's rule over other species, including fish, misused. Fisheries management generally fails to reign in this driving force, rewarding greed while calling for restraint. Regulation and its impact on mindsets and behaviour, is a theme evident in the Old and New Testaments - entering the promised land, keeping the law and caring for others, both humans and fish. The biblical view also emphasises life, death and resurrection as the process seen in nature. New fishery management paradigms may only develop after old ways and attitudes have died. Significant attitudinal change is essential to improve fisheries management and to achieve new management arrangements. Improved fishery stewardship may require "a new fisher", relationally mature and societally accountable, to achieve the goals of sustainable fishery management through a variety of policy paradigms. The Christian world view promotes such attitudinal change to improve stewardship through reconciling issues in our relationship with God, neighbours and nature. It is worthy of further investigation. Close

• 79. [Article] Te Arawa: Kaitiakitanga - Traditional Customary Practices for Freshwater and Fisheries Management: The Challenges and Successes for Te Arawa to Manage Freshwater Environments and Fisheries in Aotearoa/New Zealand.

  presentation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Te Arawa: Kaitiakitanga - Traditional Customary Practices for Freshwater and Fisheries Management: The Challenges and Successes for Te Arawa to Manage Freshwater Environments and Fisheries in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Author: Mihinui, Roku, Kingi, Tracey, Smith, Hera, Ngawhika, Leilani presentation Title: Te Arawa: Kaitiakitanga - Traditional Customary Practices for Freshwater and Fisheries Management: The Challenges and Successes for Te Arawa to Manage Freshwater Environments and Fisheries in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Author: Mihinui, Roku, Kingi, Tracey, Smith, Hera, Ngawhika, Leilani presentation Close

• 80. [Article] Analysis of Management Measures of an MPA: The Case of the German Small Scale Gillnet Fisheries around the Island of Fehmarn in the Baltic Sea

  Presentation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Analysis of Management Measures of an MPA: The Case of the German Small Scale Gillnet Fisheries around the Island of Fehmarn in the Baltic Sea Author: Goti, Leyre Presentation Title: Analysis of Management Measures of an MPA: The Case of the German Small Scale Gillnet Fisheries around the Island of Fehmarn in the Baltic Sea Author: Goti, Leyre Presentation Close