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• 21. [Article] Important Factors Influencing Rule Compliance in Fisheries Lessons from Danish Fisheries

  This paper presents the results of a research project, which has focused on Danish fishers’ acceptance of imposed fisheries regulations and their respect for the management system. The analytical framework ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Important Factors Influencing Rule Compliance in Fisheries Lessons from Danish Fisheries Author: Mathiesen, Christoph, Nielsen, Jesper Raakjaer Year: 2001 This paper presents the results of a research project, which has focused on Danish fishers’ acceptance of imposed fisheries regulations and their respect for the management system. The analytical framework developed by Raakjær Nielsen (1998) and Raakjær Nielsen and Vedsmand (1999) has been used. The research has focused on three Danish fisheries: the cod fishery in the Baltic Sea, the demersal and Nephrops fishery in Kattegat and the fishery for non-human consumption species in the North Sea. The research is based on interviews with 56 fishers and a mail survey covering all vessels in the three selected fisheries. The following factors are concluded to have a major impact on rule compliance in fisheries: 1) the economic gains to be obtained; 2) the risk of being detected and the severity of the sanction; 3) the compatibility between the content of the regulation and the fishing patterns and practise; 4) regulation leads towards stock conservation; 5) norms, in particular the behaviour of other fishers and the moral of the individual fisher. In addition there are some indication, that co-management is important for rule compliance. Title: Important Factors Influencing Rule Compliance in Fisheries Lessons from Danish Fisheries Author: Mathiesen, Christoph, Nielsen, Jesper Raakjaer Year: 2001 This paper presents the results of a research project, which has focused on Danish fishers’ acceptance of imposed fisheries regulations and their respect for the management system. The analytical framework developed by Raakjær Nielsen (1998) and Raakjær Nielsen and Vedsmand (1999) has been used. The research has focused on three Danish fisheries: the cod fishery in the Baltic Sea, the demersal and Nephrops fishery in Kattegat and the fishery for non-human consumption species in the North Sea. The research is based on interviews with 56 fishers and a mail survey covering all vessels in the three selected fisheries. The following factors are concluded to have a major impact on rule compliance in fisheries: 1) the economic gains to be obtained; 2) the risk of being detected and the severity of the sanction; 3) the compatibility between the content of the regulation and the fishing patterns and practise; 4) regulation leads towards stock conservation; 5) norms, in particular the behaviour of other fishers and the moral of the individual fisher. In addition there are some indication, that co-management is important for rule compliance. Close

• 22. [Article] Power, Fish, and the Greenhouse on the Columbia River

  The Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest region of the U.S. is home to the greatest hydroelectric system in the world. Its dams provide 75 percent of the power needs of nearly 10 million people. But ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Power, Fish, and the Greenhouse on the Columbia River Author: Buchanan, Shepard C. Year: 2001 The Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest region of the U.S. is home to the greatest hydroelectric system in the world. Its dams provide 75 percent of the power needs of nearly 10 million people. But the dams also create numerous obstacles to the survival of what was once the world’s greatest salmon fishery. The region spends over $500 million annually to try to restore the fishery and ensure its future survival. However, the changes in river operations implemented to meet fish needs make it much more difficult to meet other environmental goals, such as the development of renewable electric power resources. Renewable resources would help to alleviate the risks associated with global warming. This paper demonstrates an unfortunate irony: that the renewable resources advocated by environmental interests are incompatible with a hydro system that is operated for fish. Such resources could add billions of dollars to the costs of electric power, while providing minimal environmental benefits. Saving the fish and reducing greenhouse gases are two environmental goals that do not appear to be compatible. Title: Power, Fish, and the Greenhouse on the Columbia River Author: Buchanan, Shepard C. Year: 2001 The Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest region of the U.S. is home to the greatest hydroelectric system in the world. Its dams provide 75 percent of the power needs of nearly 10 million people. But the dams also create numerous obstacles to the survival of what was once the world’s greatest salmon fishery. The region spends over $500 million annually to try to restore the fishery and ensure its future survival. However, the changes in river operations implemented to meet fish needs make it much more difficult to meet other environmental goals, such as the development of renewable electric power resources. Renewable resources would help to alleviate the risks associated with global warming. This paper demonstrates an unfortunate irony: that the renewable resources advocated by environmental interests are incompatible with a hydro system that is operated for fish. Such resources could add billions of dollars to the costs of electric power, while providing minimal environmental benefits. Saving the fish and reducing greenhouse gases are two environmental goals that do not appear to be compatible. Close

• 23. [Article] Acceptance of Sunray Venus Clams as a New Aquaculture Product in Florida

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Acceptance of Sunray Venus Clams as a New Aquaculture Product in Florida Author: Adams, Chuck, Sturmer, Leslie Abstract only. Title: Acceptance of Sunray Venus Clams as a New Aquaculture Product in Florida Author: Adams, Chuck, Sturmer, Leslie Abstract only. Close

• 24. [Article] A Value Chain Analysis of Fish Products: Case study from Pantar Island, Eastern Indonesia

  Presentation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Value Chain Analysis of Fish Products: Case study from Pantar Island, Eastern Indonesia Author: Stacey, Natasha, Fitriana, Ria Presentation Title: A Value Chain Analysis of Fish Products: Case study from Pantar Island, Eastern Indonesia Author: Stacey, Natasha, Fitriana, Ria Presentation Close

• 25. [Article] Optimal Effort Controls for the Multispecies Groundfish Complex in New England

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Optimal Effort Controls for the Multispecies Groundfish Complex in New England Author: Maguire, Jean-Jacques, Holland, Daniel S. Research Paper Title: Optimal Effort Controls for the Multispecies Groundfish Complex in New England Author: Maguire, Jean-Jacques, Holland, Daniel S. Research Paper Close

• 26. [Article] Discontinuous Sustainable Yield: The Exception or the Rule?

  The sustainable yield function is a favoured tool in fisheries policy making. Normally, this function is drawn as a continuous curve in effort-yield space. This means that sustainable yield (harvest) is ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Discontinuous Sustainable Yield: The Exception or the Rule? Author: Arnason, Ragnar The sustainable yield function is a favoured tool in fisheries policy making. Normally, this function is drawn as a continuous curve in effort-yield space. This means that sustainable yield (harvest) is gradually reduced to zero as fishing effort increases. This, however, does not have to be the case. The sustainable yield function may easily be discontinuous in the sense that sustained fishing effort beyond a certain critical level will lead to a discrete fall in yield to zero, i.e., a collapse of the fishery. The corresponding sustainable yield curve then has a gap at the critical fishing effort level. Clearly, the existence of such a gap has major implications for fisheries policy. It has long been recognized that depensatory biomass growth generally leads to discontinuous sustainable yield curves. What appears to be less well understood is that with fully compensatory biomass growth, fish schooling (patchy distribution of fish over the fishing grounds) generally leads to the same result. Since schooling behaviour is typical of most species of fish ― only the degree of schooling varies ― discontinuous sustainable yield functions tend to be the rule rather than the exception. This paper considers with these issues. It shows how schooling behaviour leads to discontinuities in the sustainable yield function. It explores the corresponding dynamics of the fish stock and the implications for the risk of stock collapses and fisheries policies designed to avoid them. The paper finally speculates about the impacts of profit maximizing investments by fishing firms on the existence and location of gaps in sustainable yield curves. Title: Discontinuous Sustainable Yield: The Exception or the Rule? Author: Arnason, Ragnar The sustainable yield function is a favoured tool in fisheries policy making. Normally, this function is drawn as a continuous curve in effort-yield space. This means that sustainable yield (harvest) is gradually reduced to zero as fishing effort increases. This, however, does not have to be the case. The sustainable yield function may easily be discontinuous in the sense that sustained fishing effort beyond a certain critical level will lead to a discrete fall in yield to zero, i.e., a collapse of the fishery. The corresponding sustainable yield curve then has a gap at the critical fishing effort level. Clearly, the existence of such a gap has major implications for fisheries policy. It has long been recognized that depensatory biomass growth generally leads to discontinuous sustainable yield curves. What appears to be less well understood is that with fully compensatory biomass growth, fish schooling (patchy distribution of fish over the fishing grounds) generally leads to the same result. Since schooling behaviour is typical of most species of fish ― only the degree of schooling varies ― discontinuous sustainable yield functions tend to be the rule rather than the exception. This paper considers with these issues. It shows how schooling behaviour leads to discontinuities in the sustainable yield function. It explores the corresponding dynamics of the fish stock and the implications for the risk of stock collapses and fisheries policies designed to avoid them. The paper finally speculates about the impacts of profit maximizing investments by fishing firms on the existence and location of gaps in sustainable yield curves. Close

• 27. [Article] Aquaculture and Food Security - Can Fish Farming Fill the Gap?

  While aquaculture has provided economic and nutritional benefits to millions, there are concerns that unconstrained sector expansion and intensification, coupled with its ecological and social impacts, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aquaculture and Food Security - Can Fish Farming Fill the Gap? Author: Troell, Max While aquaculture has provided economic and nutritional benefits to millions, there are concerns that unconstrained sector expansion and intensification, coupled with its ecological and social impacts, globalization of markets, and climate change, may have undesirable impacts on the resilience of social-ecological systems. A significant part of the aquaculture expansion is expected to occur in coastal areas, where it directly affects resource systems already experiencing large pressure from human activities. Thus, there is a risk that the anticipated benefits from aquaculture may come at the expense of increased pressure on coastal ecosystem services, thus jeopardizing coastal people’s food security and livelihoods. Further, intensification may also indirectly increase the dependence on marine ecosystems through usage of fish resources as feeds. The practice of intensive farming of fish and crustaceans is characterised by inputs of high quality resources and energy and release of effluents. The industry continues to improve performance through research on food development and system designs, and recent initiative, the “Aquaculture dialogue”, attempts to identify sustainability criteria for a selection of cultured species. In addition FAO have recently moved beyond their earlier established “code of conducts” and are now developing a broader systematic perspective on aquaculture, i.e. “Ecosystem approach to aquaculture”. This presentation will discuss how aquaculture may impact on social-ecological resilience, more broadly and also in connection to coastal aquaculture development, and specifically considers the intensification of production methods. In connection to this some recent sustainability tools/indicators will briefly be discussed out from this perspective. Title: Aquaculture and Food Security - Can Fish Farming Fill the Gap? Author: Troell, Max While aquaculture has provided economic and nutritional benefits to millions, there are concerns that unconstrained sector expansion and intensification, coupled with its ecological and social impacts, globalization of markets, and climate change, may have undesirable impacts on the resilience of social-ecological systems. A significant part of the aquaculture expansion is expected to occur in coastal areas, where it directly affects resource systems already experiencing large pressure from human activities. Thus, there is a risk that the anticipated benefits from aquaculture may come at the expense of increased pressure on coastal ecosystem services, thus jeopardizing coastal people’s food security and livelihoods. Further, intensification may also indirectly increase the dependence on marine ecosystems through usage of fish resources as feeds. The practice of intensive farming of fish and crustaceans is characterised by inputs of high quality resources and energy and release of effluents. The industry continues to improve performance through research on food development and system designs, and recent initiative, the “Aquaculture dialogue”, attempts to identify sustainability criteria for a selection of cultured species. In addition FAO have recently moved beyond their earlier established “code of conducts” and are now developing a broader systematic perspective on aquaculture, i.e. “Ecosystem approach to aquaculture”. This presentation will discuss how aquaculture may impact on social-ecological resilience, more broadly and also in connection to coastal aquaculture development, and specifically considers the intensification of production methods. In connection to this some recent sustainability tools/indicators will briefly be discussed out from this perspective. Close

• 28. [Article] Application of a Dynamic Stochastic Adaptive Bioeconomic Model to Evaluate the Economics of Offshore Bluefin Tuna Aquaculture

  Over the past fifteen years, the market for bluefin tuna has evolved in an attempt to further enhance the economic value of bluefin tuna landings. Historically, the US East Coast has been a major supplier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Application of a Dynamic Stochastic Adaptive Bioeconomic Model to Evaluate the Economics of Offshore Bluefin Tuna Aquaculture Author: Shamshak, Gina Louise, Anderson, James L. Over the past fifteen years, the market for bluefin tuna has evolved in an attempt to further enhance the economic value of bluefin tuna landings. Historically, the US East Coast has been a major supplier of high quality bluefin tuna to Japan, the primary market for sashimi grade tuna. To date, many questions regarding the economic feasibility of offshore aquaculture, and in particular offshore bluefin tuna farming in the United States, remain unanswered. This research assesses the economic feasibility of an offshore bluefin tuna aquaculture industry located on the East Coast of the US by developing a dynamic stochastic adaptive bioeconomic model of such an offshore enterprise. The bioeconomic model incorporates the biological constraints of the species, the interaction of relevant economic parameters and constraints, and stochastic sources of risk, to solve for the profit maximizing behavior of a farmed bluefin tuna producer. This research identifies the optimal harvest schedule for an offshore bluefin tuna farming facility that maximizes the net present value of the operation under a variety of economic, biological and regulatory conditions. Economic feasibility is analyzed using profitability indicators including net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR). This research is relevant given the continued expansion of bluefin tuna aquaculture globally, the increasing demand for high-quality bluefin tuna, and the uncertainty regarding the economic feasibility of an offshore bluefin tuna aquaculture industry in the United States. Title: Application of a Dynamic Stochastic Adaptive Bioeconomic Model to Evaluate the Economics of Offshore Bluefin Tuna Aquaculture Author: Shamshak, Gina Louise, Anderson, James L. Over the past fifteen years, the market for bluefin tuna has evolved in an attempt to further enhance the economic value of bluefin tuna landings. Historically, the US East Coast has been a major supplier of high quality bluefin tuna to Japan, the primary market for sashimi grade tuna. To date, many questions regarding the economic feasibility of offshore aquaculture, and in particular offshore bluefin tuna farming in the United States, remain unanswered. This research assesses the economic feasibility of an offshore bluefin tuna aquaculture industry located on the East Coast of the US by developing a dynamic stochastic adaptive bioeconomic model of such an offshore enterprise. The bioeconomic model incorporates the biological constraints of the species, the interaction of relevant economic parameters and constraints, and stochastic sources of risk, to solve for the profit maximizing behavior of a farmed bluefin tuna producer. This research identifies the optimal harvest schedule for an offshore bluefin tuna farming facility that maximizes the net present value of the operation under a variety of economic, biological and regulatory conditions. Economic feasibility is analyzed using profitability indicators including net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR). This research is relevant given the continued expansion of bluefin tuna aquaculture globally, the increasing demand for high-quality bluefin tuna, and the uncertainty regarding the economic feasibility of an offshore bluefin tuna aquaculture industry in the United States. Close

• 29. [Article] Key Conditions for the Sustainability of Community-Based Fisheries Management on Unrestricted Fisheries: A Study of Self-Imposed Management in the Alfonsino Fishing Grounds off Katsuura, Chiba Prefecture, Japan

  Research Paper and PowerPoint Presentation

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Key Conditions for the Sustainability of Community-Based Fisheries Management on Unrestricted Fisheries: A Study of Self-Imposed Management in the Alfonsino Fishing Grounds off Katsuura, Chiba Prefecture, Japan Author: Kuronuma, Yoshihiro Research Paper and PowerPoint Presentation Title: Key Conditions for the Sustainability of Community-Based Fisheries Management on Unrestricted Fisheries: A Study of Self-Imposed Management in the Alfonsino Fishing Grounds off Katsuura, Chiba Prefecture, Japan Author: Kuronuma, Yoshihiro Research Paper and PowerPoint Presentation Close

• 30. [Article] Do Individual Rights Emerge from Collective Rights Systems?

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Do Individual Rights Emerge from Collective Rights Systems? Author: Uchida, Hirotsugu, Anderson, Chris, Tegawa, Mihoko Abstract Only Title: Do Individual Rights Emerge from Collective Rights Systems? Author: Uchida, Hirotsugu, Anderson, Chris, Tegawa, Mihoko Abstract Only Close