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• 101. [Article] Government Financial Transfers to Fishing Industries in OECD Countries

  Government financial transfers (GFTs) to the marine capture fishery sectors in OECD Member countries represent a significant policy intervention. These transfers have a variety of objectives and governments ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Government Financial Transfers to Fishing Industries in OECD Countries Author: Flaaten, Ola, Wallis, Paul Year: 2001 Government financial transfers (GFTs) to the marine capture fishery sectors in OECD Member countries represent a significant policy intervention. These transfers have a variety of objectives and governments employ a number of means to implement them. This paper reviews an OECD study and discusses the findings in the context of bio-economic theory and fisheries policy measures. In 1997-99 the OECD Fisheries Committee studied GFTs and their impact on fisheries resource sustainability in OECD countries. Simple theoretical analysis shows that the expected effects depend on the type of transfer as well as on the management system in place. A survey of government financial transfers in 24 OECD member countries shows that at least USD 4.9 billion was spent on general services in 1997 – 13 per cent of the value of landings. General services include fisheries research, enforcement, management, enhancement and infrastructure. Most of these services are considered important for ensuring the sustainable use of fish stocks and the aquatic ecosystem. A further USD 1.4 billion was spent on support in the form of revenue enhancing and cost reducing transfers to the sector in 1997 – 4 per cent of the value of landings. Common examples include modernization subsidies, decommissioning payments, tax exemptions and income support. Due to insufficient data the study was unable to explore in detail the impact on fisheries sustainability of government financial transfers. Nevertheless, the study advanced the understanding of the impacts of transfers on the fisheries sector and some useful findings and assessments were made. Title: Government Financial Transfers to Fishing Industries in OECD Countries Author: Flaaten, Ola, Wallis, Paul Year: 2001 Government financial transfers (GFTs) to the marine capture fishery sectors in OECD Member countries represent a significant policy intervention. These transfers have a variety of objectives and governments employ a number of means to implement them. This paper reviews an OECD study and discusses the findings in the context of bio-economic theory and fisheries policy measures. In 1997-99 the OECD Fisheries Committee studied GFTs and their impact on fisheries resource sustainability in OECD countries. Simple theoretical analysis shows that the expected effects depend on the type of transfer as well as on the management system in place. A survey of government financial transfers in 24 OECD member countries shows that at least USD 4.9 billion was spent on general services in 1997 – 13 per cent of the value of landings. General services include fisheries research, enforcement, management, enhancement and infrastructure. Most of these services are considered important for ensuring the sustainable use of fish stocks and the aquatic ecosystem. A further USD 1.4 billion was spent on support in the form of revenue enhancing and cost reducing transfers to the sector in 1997 – 4 per cent of the value of landings. Common examples include modernization subsidies, decommissioning payments, tax exemptions and income support. Due to insufficient data the study was unable to explore in detail the impact on fisheries sustainability of government financial transfers. Nevertheless, the study advanced the understanding of the impacts of transfers on the fisheries sector and some useful findings and assessments were made. Close

• 102. [Article] Ecopath-based simulation and optimization of management options for the Eastern Gulf of Mexico reef fish fishery

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecopath-based simulation and optimization of management options for the Eastern Gulf of Mexico reef fish fishery Author: Alvarez, Sergio, Tetzlaff, Jake, Pine, Bill, Walters, Carl, Lindberg, Bill, Allen, Mike, Larkin, Sherry, Mahmoudi, Behzad, Chagaris, Dave Abstract Only Title: Ecopath-based simulation and optimization of management options for the Eastern Gulf of Mexico reef fish fishery Author: Alvarez, Sergio, Tetzlaff, Jake, Pine, Bill, Walters, Carl, Lindberg, Bill, Allen, Mike, Larkin, Sherry, Mahmoudi, Behzad, Chagaris, Dave Abstract Only Close

• 103. [Article] The Impact of Climate Change on the Vulnerable Fisheries Resource and Its Coastal Community in Cilacap Regency-Indonesia: A Set Up for Adaptation and Mitigation Strategy

  The fisheries resource is almost and/ or had have been over-exploited in Java Island. Cilacap lies in the southern part of Java has a reasonable stock at this moment but adversed by the climate change. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Impact of Climate Change on the Vulnerable Fisheries Resource and Its Coastal Community in Cilacap Regency-Indonesia: A Set Up for Adaptation and Mitigation Strategy Author: Susilowati, Indah, Waridin, Yulianisa, Rizky The fisheries resource is almost and/ or had have been over-exploited in Java Island. Cilacap lies in the southern part of Java has a reasonable stock at this moment but adversed by the climate change. Many parties have not prepared to react for the adaptation with such uncertain situation. The objective of this study is to estimate the impact of climate change in Cilacap and its community; and to formulate the adaptation and mitigation strategy under the climate change condition. Respondents of 73 marine-fishers, 43 fish-traders, and 100 fish-consumers had been surveyed. Focus Group Discussion and in-depth interview were conducted to outline the adaptation and mitigation strategy. The study found there was a decrease in catch and affected severed losses to the respondents. Fishers claimed had overspent in fuel, food & lodging, repairs & maintenance and decreased in productivity. The availability and sustainability of fish-stock became questionable. The shocked of fisheries stock affected the chain of distribution and consumption and eventually weaken the food security and the fishers’ quality of live in the region. A short term prescription on adaptation strategy to cope the climate change in the study area is indeed needed. Ecosystem-based fisheries management perhaps could be proposed as one of the way-outs to manage the vulnerable fisheries in Cilacap. This scheme seems will shed a light as a promising new paradigm of fisheries management in Indonesia. Title: The Impact of Climate Change on the Vulnerable Fisheries Resource and Its Coastal Community in Cilacap Regency-Indonesia: A Set Up for Adaptation and Mitigation Strategy Author: Susilowati, Indah, Waridin, Yulianisa, Rizky The fisheries resource is almost and/ or had have been over-exploited in Java Island. Cilacap lies in the southern part of Java has a reasonable stock at this moment but adversed by the climate change. Many parties have not prepared to react for the adaptation with such uncertain situation. The objective of this study is to estimate the impact of climate change in Cilacap and its community; and to formulate the adaptation and mitigation strategy under the climate change condition. Respondents of 73 marine-fishers, 43 fish-traders, and 100 fish-consumers had been surveyed. Focus Group Discussion and in-depth interview were conducted to outline the adaptation and mitigation strategy. The study found there was a decrease in catch and affected severed losses to the respondents. Fishers claimed had overspent in fuel, food & lodging, repairs & maintenance and decreased in productivity. The availability and sustainability of fish-stock became questionable. The shocked of fisheries stock affected the chain of distribution and consumption and eventually weaken the food security and the fishers’ quality of live in the region. A short term prescription on adaptation strategy to cope the climate change in the study area is indeed needed. Ecosystem-based fisheries management perhaps could be proposed as one of the way-outs to manage the vulnerable fisheries in Cilacap. This scheme seems will shed a light as a promising new paradigm of fisheries management in Indonesia. Close

• 104. [Article] The Value of Environmental Impact of Fisheries on Nutrient Dynamics

  The Baltic Sea is referred as the most polluted sea in the world. The most serious problem is the eutrophication that is a consequence of nutrient loading through human based activities. Nutrient enrichment ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Value of Environmental Impact of Fisheries on Nutrient Dynamics Author: Virtanen, Jarno The Baltic Sea is referred as the most polluted sea in the world. The most serious problem is the eutrophication that is a consequence of nutrient loading through human based activities. Nutrient enrichment has led to growth of phytoplankton that has induced increased algal blooms and oxygen depletion in the sea bed that have resulted to changes in ecosystem balance. Conservation needs of the Baltic Sea are directed by HELCOM, the intergovernmental body on protecting Baltic Sea. The HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan objective is to restore the good ecological status of the Baltic marine environment by 2021. The agreement set up country-wise annual reduction targets for phosphorus and nitrogen loadings. Every member state should define their abatement measures in a cost efficient manner. The cost estimates for nutrient abatement varies significantly depending on the measures taken. Apart from abatement measures fisheries have a significant role in nutrient dynamics in the Baltic Sea. It is estimated that the phosphorus removal of fisheries accounts for 18% of anthropogenic load; corresponding share in nitrogen is 2.4%. Using the cost estimates of different abatement measures it is possible to estimate the shadow value of the positive environmental impact of fisheries. We estimated the real social value for the Finnish trawler fleet and compare that to realised value. Accounting for the positive value of the environmental externality increases the profits of the fisheries significantly. The increased profitability increased the potential resource rent and consequently the value of resources. The results show that the real social value of fisheries is considerably higher than realised. Title: The Value of Environmental Impact of Fisheries on Nutrient Dynamics Author: Virtanen, Jarno The Baltic Sea is referred as the most polluted sea in the world. The most serious problem is the eutrophication that is a consequence of nutrient loading through human based activities. Nutrient enrichment has led to growth of phytoplankton that has induced increased algal blooms and oxygen depletion in the sea bed that have resulted to changes in ecosystem balance. Conservation needs of the Baltic Sea are directed by HELCOM, the intergovernmental body on protecting Baltic Sea. The HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan objective is to restore the good ecological status of the Baltic marine environment by 2021. The agreement set up country-wise annual reduction targets for phosphorus and nitrogen loadings. Every member state should define their abatement measures in a cost efficient manner. The cost estimates for nutrient abatement varies significantly depending on the measures taken. Apart from abatement measures fisheries have a significant role in nutrient dynamics in the Baltic Sea. It is estimated that the phosphorus removal of fisheries accounts for 18% of anthropogenic load; corresponding share in nitrogen is 2.4%. Using the cost estimates of different abatement measures it is possible to estimate the shadow value of the positive environmental impact of fisheries. We estimated the real social value for the Finnish trawler fleet and compare that to realised value. Accounting for the positive value of the environmental externality increases the profits of the fisheries significantly. The increased profitability increased the potential resource rent and consequently the value of resources. The results show that the real social value of fisheries is considerably higher than realised. Close