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• 1. [Article] Islamic Perspectives on Natural Resources Management and Sustainability

  The complexity of natural resources management has challenged the most willing governments and their most dedicated scientists. The many intangible dimensions of the environment have defeated the most ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Islamic Perspectives on Natural Resources Management and Sustainability Author: Hamdy, Karim Year: 2001 The complexity of natural resources management has challenged the most willing governments and their most dedicated scientists. The many intangible dimensions of the environment have defeated the most creative valuation methods. Recently, more and more professionals and researchers have turned to religious teachings about nature and society, in order to tackle those intangibilities. In this context, so far, only a few efforts have been dedicated to the use of Islamic sources of law (shari ah) and tradition (sunnah) to inform natural resource management efforts. This paper sets out to review these efforts and to contribute an analysis of these Islamic sources. It concludes that, in Islam, the use of natural resources for consumption and profit lies at the juncture between individual worship (!ibadat), and group transactions (mu amalat). A balance between the two defines the relationship between human society (ummah) and the natural environment and is a defining factor of Muslim human ecology. Title: Islamic Perspectives on Natural Resources Management and Sustainability Author: Hamdy, Karim Year: 2001 The complexity of natural resources management has challenged the most willing governments and their most dedicated scientists. The many intangible dimensions of the environment have defeated the most creative valuation methods. Recently, more and more professionals and researchers have turned to religious teachings about nature and society, in order to tackle those intangibilities. In this context, so far, only a few efforts have been dedicated to the use of Islamic sources of law (shari ah) and tradition (sunnah) to inform natural resource management efforts. This paper sets out to review these efforts and to contribute an analysis of these Islamic sources. It concludes that, in Islam, the use of natural resources for consumption and profit lies at the juncture between individual worship (!ibadat), and group transactions (mu amalat). A balance between the two defines the relationship between human society (ummah) and the natural environment and is a defining factor of Muslim human ecology. Close

• 2. [Article] Assessing the Socio-Economic Impact of Marine Protected Areas on Local Fishing Communities. Two West-African Case Studies

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing the Socio-Economic Impact of Marine Protected Areas on Local Fishing Communities. Two West-African Case Studies Author: Kane, Abou Elimane, Alban, Frédérique, Roncin, Nicolas, Boncoeur, Jean Abstract only. Title: Assessing the Socio-Economic Impact of Marine Protected Areas on Local Fishing Communities. Two West-African Case Studies Author: Kane, Abou Elimane, Alban, Frédérique, Roncin, Nicolas, Boncoeur, Jean Abstract only. Close

• 3. [Article] Taking the Pulse of the Universe

  There are, at least, four basic characteristics of the universe that are the data source for North American cultures in maintaining a balance between the physical sense of the universe and the intuitive ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Taking the Pulse of the Universe Author: Redbird Smith, Helen Marie Year: 2001 There are, at least, four basic characteristics of the universe that are the data source for North American cultures in maintaining a balance between the physical sense of the universe and the intuitive non-dimensional spiritual sense of the universe. This balance is delicate and can become distorted by too many words, too many hypothetical constructs, too many models, and too many non-related experiences. That is the senses become contaminated and can no longer read the data that are available. Title: Taking the Pulse of the Universe Author: Redbird Smith, Helen Marie Year: 2001 There are, at least, four basic characteristics of the universe that are the data source for North American cultures in maintaining a balance between the physical sense of the universe and the intuitive non-dimensional spiritual sense of the universe. This balance is delicate and can become distorted by too many words, too many hypothetical constructs, too many models, and too many non-related experiences. That is the senses become contaminated and can no longer read the data that are available. Close

• 4. [Article] Credibility and Advocacy of Environmental Scientists in Resource Decision Making: A Regional Study

  This paper discusses some results from a regional study of the proper roles of ecological research scientists in natural resource decision-making. The study was conducted in the Pacific Northwest by researchers ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Credibility and Advocacy of Environmental Scientists in Resource Decision Making: A Regional Study Author: Lach, Denise, List, Peter Year: 2001 This paper discusses some results from a regional study of the proper roles of ecological research scientists in natural resource decision-making. The study was conducted in the Pacific Northwest by researchers at Oregon State University and focuses on scientists involved in the Long Term Ecological Research Program (LTER). Using data from interviews and mail-out surveys, the paper describes and compares the attitudes of two groups, scientists and natural resource managers, regarding preferred scientist roles, advocacy by scientists, and factors affecting the credibility of scientists. Two models about these roles are considered: a traditional model that separates scientists from resource decision-making and an emerging model that integrates them into resource management. Survey results indicate that scientists and resource managers favor the second model: both groups strongly support research scientists becoming more involved in management, though neither group prefers advocacy of particular management choices by research scientists. Moreover, while scientists and managers differ about the most important factors that affect the credibility of scientists, study results suggest that the credibility of research scientists in management will depend in part on their ability to communicate with non-scientific audiences, a factor highly valued by managers but not by scientists. Finally, the authors conclude that the results support Kai Lee’s concept of civic science, in which research scientists assume a more activist, integrated role in adaptive environmental management. Title: Credibility and Advocacy of Environmental Scientists in Resource Decision Making: A Regional Study Author: Lach, Denise, List, Peter Year: 2001 This paper discusses some results from a regional study of the proper roles of ecological research scientists in natural resource decision-making. The study was conducted in the Pacific Northwest by researchers at Oregon State University and focuses on scientists involved in the Long Term Ecological Research Program (LTER). Using data from interviews and mail-out surveys, the paper describes and compares the attitudes of two groups, scientists and natural resource managers, regarding preferred scientist roles, advocacy by scientists, and factors affecting the credibility of scientists. Two models about these roles are considered: a traditional model that separates scientists from resource decision-making and an emerging model that integrates them into resource management. Survey results indicate that scientists and resource managers favor the second model: both groups strongly support research scientists becoming more involved in management, though neither group prefers advocacy of particular management choices by research scientists. Moreover, while scientists and managers differ about the most important factors that affect the credibility of scientists, study results suggest that the credibility of research scientists in management will depend in part on their ability to communicate with non-scientific audiences, a factor highly valued by managers but not by scientists. Finally, the authors conclude that the results support Kai Lee’s concept of civic science, in which research scientists assume a more activist, integrated role in adaptive environmental management. Close

• 5. [Article] Protected Areas for Conflict Resolution and Management of Recreational and Commercial Fisheries

  This paper investigates interactions between recreational and commercial fisheries. It introduces the idea of a protected area for recreational fisheries, as a way to reduce conflicts between the two sectors ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Protected Areas for Conflict Resolution and Management of Recreational and Commercial Fisheries Author: Flaaten, Ola, Ngoc, Quach Thi Khanh This paper investigates interactions between recreational and commercial fisheries. It introduces the idea of a protected area for recreational fisheries, as a way to reduce conflicts between the two sectors and to preserve the natural resource. It is demonstrated that without a protected area for recreational fisheries, open access may imply that only one sector survives. A protected area can assure the operation of both sectors, even under open access. This will also enhance the aggregate fish stock and the aggregate harvest, both in open access and in the optimal management of recreational fisheries, even if commercial fisheries operate under an open access regime. Title: Protected Areas for Conflict Resolution and Management of Recreational and Commercial Fisheries Author: Flaaten, Ola, Ngoc, Quach Thi Khanh This paper investigates interactions between recreational and commercial fisheries. It introduces the idea of a protected area for recreational fisheries, as a way to reduce conflicts between the two sectors and to preserve the natural resource. It is demonstrated that without a protected area for recreational fisheries, open access may imply that only one sector survives. A protected area can assure the operation of both sectors, even under open access. This will also enhance the aggregate fish stock and the aggregate harvest, both in open access and in the optimal management of recreational fisheries, even if commercial fisheries operate under an open access regime. Close

• 6. [Article] The Role of IIFET in Aquaculture and Fisheries Development for Livleihood Enhancement of Rural Communites in Sierra Leone

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Role of IIFET in Aquaculture and Fisheries Development for Livleihood Enhancement of Rural Communites in Sierra Leone Author: Tjipute, Martin, Sellu, Mawundu Abstract Only Title: The Role of IIFET in Aquaculture and Fisheries Development for Livleihood Enhancement of Rural Communites in Sierra Leone Author: Tjipute, Martin, Sellu, Mawundu Abstract Only Close

• 7. [Article] Coastal Marine Protected Areas in Japan and their Institutional Characteristics

  A survey was conducted to create a comprehensive list of marine protected areas (MPAs) in Japan. There exist more than 1,000 fishery cooperatives in Japan, and many of them have established no-take zones ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coastal Marine Protected Areas in Japan and their Institutional Characteristics Author: Yagi, Nobuyuki, Takada, Yukiko, Kurokura, Hisashi A survey was conducted to create a comprehensive list of marine protected areas (MPAs) in Japan. There exist more than 1,000 fishery cooperatives in Japan, and many of them have established no-take zones for many years. Such zones are usually not reported to the government and, therefore, the complete picture of the MPAs in Japan has been largely unknown until now. Information on such local MPAs was collected through various sources, and a list of more than 1,000 MPAs was produced. Many of them take the style of self-imposed voluntary regulations. Nonetheless, it was suggested that free-riders of the conservation activities were uncommon. This is because agreements are usually made to maximize the benefit of the group of fishers and each member of the group monitors the compliance status of other members. The government has provided territorial use right for fishers, and this could have helped maintain such a selfgovernance framework. Title: Coastal Marine Protected Areas in Japan and their Institutional Characteristics Author: Yagi, Nobuyuki, Takada, Yukiko, Kurokura, Hisashi A survey was conducted to create a comprehensive list of marine protected areas (MPAs) in Japan. There exist more than 1,000 fishery cooperatives in Japan, and many of them have established no-take zones for many years. Such zones are usually not reported to the government and, therefore, the complete picture of the MPAs in Japan has been largely unknown until now. Information on such local MPAs was collected through various sources, and a list of more than 1,000 MPAs was produced. Many of them take the style of self-imposed voluntary regulations. Nonetheless, it was suggested that free-riders of the conservation activities were uncommon. This is because agreements are usually made to maximize the benefit of the group of fishers and each member of the group monitors the compliance status of other members. The government has provided territorial use right for fishers, and this could have helped maintain such a selfgovernance framework. Close

• 8. [Article] The International Whaling Commission: A Case of Malignant Neglect

  The International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling was signed in Washington, D.C. in late 1946. All 14 signatories were whaling nations. Apart from some whaling by their indigenous people, none ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The International Whaling Commission: A Case of Malignant Neglect Author: Aron, William Year: 2001 The International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling was signed in Washington, D.C. in late 1946. All 14 signatories were whaling nations. Apart from some whaling by their indigenous people, none of the original 14 whale today, and some such as the United States, Australia and New Zealand have played leadership roles in supporting a total ban on commercial whaling. The Convention details a strong interest in the conservation of whales and the safeguarding of this great natural resource for future generations. The convention was concluded to provide the proper conservation of whales to assure the orderly development of the whaling industry. The Convention- in its original form- remains in force today. This paper examines how the Convention has been implemented through time, with particular emphasis on the role of science in the Commission. From the start, until the early 1970's, scientific analysis and prediction were largely ignored as the IWC served as overseer to the mass destruction of one great whale population after another. During a brief transition period in the 70's the advice of the IWC scientists was dutifully followed over the objections of both the whaling industry and the animal protection community. By the end of the 70s, however, enough new members, with strong anti-whaling sentiments joined the Commission and once again the voice of science was ignored- but this time to prevent the taking of whales, regardless of their population abundance. Title: The International Whaling Commission: A Case of Malignant Neglect Author: Aron, William Year: 2001 The International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling was signed in Washington, D.C. in late 1946. All 14 signatories were whaling nations. Apart from some whaling by their indigenous people, none of the original 14 whale today, and some such as the United States, Australia and New Zealand have played leadership roles in supporting a total ban on commercial whaling. The Convention details a strong interest in the conservation of whales and the safeguarding of this great natural resource for future generations. The convention was concluded to provide the proper conservation of whales to assure the orderly development of the whaling industry. The Convention- in its original form- remains in force today. This paper examines how the Convention has been implemented through time, with particular emphasis on the role of science in the Commission. From the start, until the early 1970's, scientific analysis and prediction were largely ignored as the IWC served as overseer to the mass destruction of one great whale population after another. During a brief transition period in the 70's the advice of the IWC scientists was dutifully followed over the objections of both the whaling industry and the animal protection community. By the end of the 70s, however, enough new members, with strong anti-whaling sentiments joined the Commission and once again the voice of science was ignored- but this time to prevent the taking of whales, regardless of their population abundance. Close

• 9. [Article] Cultural Biodiversity: Indigenous Relationships within Their Environment

  When we talk about indigenous cultural practices we are in fact talking about responsibilities that have evolved into unwritten tribal laws over millennia. These responsibilities and laws are directly ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cultural Biodiversity: Indigenous Relationships within Their Environment Author: Happynook, Tom Mexsis Year: 2001 When we talk about indigenous cultural practices we are in fact talking about responsibilities that have evolved into unwritten tribal laws over millennia. These responsibilities and laws are directly tied to nature and is a product of the slow integration of cultures within their environment and the ecosystems. Thus, the environment is not a place of divisions but rather a place of relations, a place where cultural diversity and bio-diversity are not separate but in fact need each other. The most important aspects of cultural bio-diversity are those that integrate people, (the human relationship), with the ecosystems found within their environment. Some indigenous practices had cultural importance at the time they were being practiced, (arranged marriages, etc), but most indigenous practices, such as fishing, hunting and gathering have a much deeper ecological management role. These indigenous practices maintained the balance within nature, the environment and the ecosystems. I am not talking about the morality of the cultural practice, but rather the cultural practice of responsibility to bio-diversity. It is from this perspective that we begin to realize that the realm of cultural diversity and bio-diversity are not separate from the environment but rather connected through our relationships with the ecosystems. This is cultural biodiversity; a practice which has been developed and nurtured over millennia; in the Nuu-chah-nulth language “Hishuk Tsawalk”, everything is one, everything is connected. In today’s world, laws have been created around “the human relationship aspect”. Unfortunately, these laws have established a system that leaves humans outside of nature or makes us believe that we are dominant over the environment or a cancer on this earth. We have even created a set of consequences for any broken human relations within this system: fines, prisons, institutions, etc. On the other hand, indigenous peoples have lived within the “law of nature”. It is within this boundary that our indigenous systems of justice, tribal laws, societies and cultural practices developed and have turned into the indigenous rights of today. Title: Cultural Biodiversity: Indigenous Relationships within Their Environment Author: Happynook, Tom Mexsis Year: 2001 When we talk about indigenous cultural practices we are in fact talking about responsibilities that have evolved into unwritten tribal laws over millennia. These responsibilities and laws are directly tied to nature and is a product of the slow integration of cultures within their environment and the ecosystems. Thus, the environment is not a place of divisions but rather a place of relations, a place where cultural diversity and bio-diversity are not separate but in fact need each other. The most important aspects of cultural bio-diversity are those that integrate people, (the human relationship), with the ecosystems found within their environment. Some indigenous practices had cultural importance at the time they were being practiced, (arranged marriages, etc), but most indigenous practices, such as fishing, hunting and gathering have a much deeper ecological management role. These indigenous practices maintained the balance within nature, the environment and the ecosystems. I am not talking about the morality of the cultural practice, but rather the cultural practice of responsibility to bio-diversity. It is from this perspective that we begin to realize that the realm of cultural diversity and bio-diversity are not separate from the environment but rather connected through our relationships with the ecosystems. This is cultural biodiversity; a practice which has been developed and nurtured over millennia; in the Nuu-chah-nulth language “Hishuk Tsawalk”, everything is one, everything is connected. In today’s world, laws have been created around “the human relationship aspect”. Unfortunately, these laws have established a system that leaves humans outside of nature or makes us believe that we are dominant over the environment or a cancer on this earth. We have even created a set of consequences for any broken human relations within this system: fines, prisons, institutions, etc. On the other hand, indigenous peoples have lived within the “law of nature”. It is within this boundary that our indigenous systems of justice, tribal laws, societies and cultural practices developed and have turned into the indigenous rights of today. Close

• 10. [Article] Towards an Eco-Theology of Fisheries Management?

  This paper discusses the potential contribution of an eco-theology to the management of marine resources. The claim of the Christian gospel is that God has a plan for everything in the universe and we ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Towards an Eco-Theology of Fisheries Management? Author: McIlgorm, Alistair Year: 2001 This paper discusses the potential contribution of an eco-theology to the management of marine resources. The claim of the Christian gospel is that God has a plan for everything in the universe and we are to live to bring it about. The Hebrew/Christian world view is significantly different from naturalism and humanism, the prevailing Greek world views in natural resource management. Three biblical paradigms are examined with insights into key elements in the management of fisheries: dominion; regulation and valuation and caring. In dominion we see the strength of mankind's rule over other species, including fish, misused. Fisheries management generally fails to reign in this driving force, rewarding greed while calling for restraint. Regulation and its impact on mindsets and behaviour, is a theme evident in the Old and New Testaments - entering the promised land, keeping the law and caring for others, both humans and fish. The biblical view also emphasises life, death and resurrection as the process seen in nature. New fishery management paradigms may only develop after old ways and attitudes have died. Significant attitudinal change is essential to improve fisheries management and to achieve new management arrangements. Improved fishery stewardship may require "a new fisher", relationally mature and societally accountable, to achieve the goals of sustainable fishery management through a variety of policy paradigms. The Christian world view promotes such attitudinal change to improve stewardship through reconciling issues in our relationship with God, neighbours and nature. It is worthy of further investigation. Title: Towards an Eco-Theology of Fisheries Management? Author: McIlgorm, Alistair Year: 2001 This paper discusses the potential contribution of an eco-theology to the management of marine resources. The claim of the Christian gospel is that God has a plan for everything in the universe and we are to live to bring it about. The Hebrew/Christian world view is significantly different from naturalism and humanism, the prevailing Greek world views in natural resource management. Three biblical paradigms are examined with insights into key elements in the management of fisheries: dominion; regulation and valuation and caring. In dominion we see the strength of mankind's rule over other species, including fish, misused. Fisheries management generally fails to reign in this driving force, rewarding greed while calling for restraint. Regulation and its impact on mindsets and behaviour, is a theme evident in the Old and New Testaments - entering the promised land, keeping the law and caring for others, both humans and fish. The biblical view also emphasises life, death and resurrection as the process seen in nature. New fishery management paradigms may only develop after old ways and attitudes have died. Significant attitudinal change is essential to improve fisheries management and to achieve new management arrangements. Improved fishery stewardship may require "a new fisher", relationally mature and societally accountable, to achieve the goals of sustainable fishery management through a variety of policy paradigms. The Christian world view promotes such attitudinal change to improve stewardship through reconciling issues in our relationship with God, neighbours and nature. It is worthy of further investigation. Close