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• 11. [Article] Innovations in Fisheries Management: Community Based Management Initiatives in Shetland

  Shetland is currently pioneering two innovations in fisheries management. The Shetland Regulating Order and the Community Fish Quota scheme are both certainly innovative, perhaps radical and may possibly ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Innovations in Fisheries Management: Community Based Management Initiatives in Shetland Author: Goodlad, John Year: 2001 Shetland is currently pioneering two innovations in fisheries management. The Shetland Regulating Order and the Community Fish Quota scheme are both certainly innovative, perhaps radical and may possibly become a model for other areas. The Shetland Islands are often described as remote, barren and peripheral. From a fisheries perspective, however, Shetland is rightly regarded as dynamic and innovative fisheries community of significant regional importance. Fish and fish products account for over 80% of all Shetland exports while some 20% of the work force are employed in the seafood industry. The first innovation in fisheries management is the Shetland Regulating Order, which has been established to better manage the shellfish industry. The second innovation is the ownership of fish quotas by the wider Shetland community. The fishermen of Shetland, through their two representative organisations (the Shetland Fishermen’s Association (SFA) and the Shetland Fish Producers Organisation Ltd (SFPO)) were responsible for initiating these two innovations and continue to play a central role in managing these developments. Title: Innovations in Fisheries Management: Community Based Management Initiatives in Shetland Author: Goodlad, John Year: 2001 Shetland is currently pioneering two innovations in fisheries management. The Shetland Regulating Order and the Community Fish Quota scheme are both certainly innovative, perhaps radical and may possibly become a model for other areas. The Shetland Islands are often described as remote, barren and peripheral. From a fisheries perspective, however, Shetland is rightly regarded as dynamic and innovative fisheries community of significant regional importance. Fish and fish products account for over 80% of all Shetland exports while some 20% of the work force are employed in the seafood industry. The first innovation in fisheries management is the Shetland Regulating Order, which has been established to better manage the shellfish industry. The second innovation is the ownership of fish quotas by the wider Shetland community. The fishermen of Shetland, through their two representative organisations (the Shetland Fishermen’s Association (SFA) and the Shetland Fish Producers Organisation Ltd (SFPO)) were responsible for initiating these two innovations and continue to play a central role in managing these developments. Close

• 12. [Article] Five Stages in the Evolution of the Market-Oriented Fishery

  This historical survey sweeps across a thousand years, divided into five very unequal stages. Over most of the stages property in tide-water fisheries was lost. Fishers lost control of the fishstock and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Five Stages in the Evolution of the Market-Oriented Fishery Author: Scott, Anthony Year: 2001 This historical survey sweeps across a thousand years, divided into five very unequal stages. Over most of the stages property in tide-water fisheries was lost. Fishers lost control of the fishstock and of the markets they served. Governments responded with fishing regulations, which have served as a basis for regaining property rights. These reforms have been allowing fishermen once again to take control of their own fishstocks and to tailor management to the demands of the market. Title: Five Stages in the Evolution of the Market-Oriented Fishery Author: Scott, Anthony Year: 2001 This historical survey sweeps across a thousand years, divided into five very unequal stages. Over most of the stages property in tide-water fisheries was lost. Fishers lost control of the fishstock and of the markets they served. Governments responded with fishing regulations, which have served as a basis for regaining property rights. These reforms have been allowing fishermen once again to take control of their own fishstocks and to tailor management to the demands of the market. Close

• 13. [Article] Institutional Evolution at Lake Chad: Traditional Administration and Flexible Fisheries Management

  Lake Chad is a vitally important wetland in the semi-arid Sahel corridor. It provides the basis of many thousands of livelihoods which depend on its seasonal fluctuations to renew fish stocks, farmland ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Institutional Evolution at Lake Chad: Traditional Administration and Flexible Fisheries Management Author: Sarch, Marie-Therese Year: 2001 Lake Chad is a vitally important wetland in the semi-arid Sahel corridor. It provides the basis of many thousands of livelihoods which depend on its seasonal fluctuations to renew fish stocks, farmland and rangeland. This paper describes how the institutions which govern access to fishing rights has evolved on the Nigerian shore of the lake. The paper aims to assess the applicability of different institutional approaches to fisheries management on the lake’s floodplain. These include: the ‘equilibrium or tragedy’ approach characterized by Hardin (1968); critiques of state attempts at regulating natural resources exploitation in the Sahel; models of institutional adaptation to resource scarcity; and approaches which perceive institutions for resource access as a crucial determinant of social and economic development. The western shore of Lake Chad has been under the jurisdiction of Borno State in its various guises since the end of the fourteenth century and is currently one of 36 states in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Although the administrative status of Borno has varied, it has been dominated by a Kanuri aristocracy for most of its existence. Traditionally, the Kanuri administration has played a crucial role in allocating access to farm land. In recent years, the ‘Kanuri administration’ has not only maintained its pre-colonial authority over farming on the lake shore, but has expanded it to cover new areas of the lake floor and the increasingly lucrative fishing opportunities which federal government has been unable to regulate. This success suggests that collaboration with the traditional administration is essential to the success of future natural resource management efforts. Title: Institutional Evolution at Lake Chad: Traditional Administration and Flexible Fisheries Management Author: Sarch, Marie-Therese Year: 2001 Lake Chad is a vitally important wetland in the semi-arid Sahel corridor. It provides the basis of many thousands of livelihoods which depend on its seasonal fluctuations to renew fish stocks, farmland and rangeland. This paper describes how the institutions which govern access to fishing rights has evolved on the Nigerian shore of the lake. The paper aims to assess the applicability of different institutional approaches to fisheries management on the lake’s floodplain. These include: the ‘equilibrium or tragedy’ approach characterized by Hardin (1968); critiques of state attempts at regulating natural resources exploitation in the Sahel; models of institutional adaptation to resource scarcity; and approaches which perceive institutions for resource access as a crucial determinant of social and economic development. The western shore of Lake Chad has been under the jurisdiction of Borno State in its various guises since the end of the fourteenth century and is currently one of 36 states in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Although the administrative status of Borno has varied, it has been dominated by a Kanuri aristocracy for most of its existence. Traditionally, the Kanuri administration has played a crucial role in allocating access to farm land. In recent years, the ‘Kanuri administration’ has not only maintained its pre-colonial authority over farming on the lake shore, but has expanded it to cover new areas of the lake floor and the increasingly lucrative fishing opportunities which federal government has been unable to regulate. This success suggests that collaboration with the traditional administration is essential to the success of future natural resource management efforts. Close

• 14. [Article] Globalization - Has it Helped or Hindered in Managing Fish Stocks Sustainably?

  While there have been substantial benefits to fish trade and the fishing industry from the opening up of markets, deregulation and greater flexibility in how and where companies can operate, this may have ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Globalization - Has it Helped or Hindered in Managing Fish Stocks Sustainably? Author: Lack, Mary, Meere, Frank While there have been substantial benefits to fish trade and the fishing industry from the opening up of markets, deregulation and greater flexibility in how and where companies can operate, this may have come at a significant cost when it comes to managing fish stocks sustainably. Globalization has facilitated the catching, processing and marketing of fish however we frequently have little or no idea where the fish was caught, how sustainable the catch is, and where it has been before it enters the final market. Fisheries management by its very nature requires significant regulation. Regulation is aimed at addressing market failure. Well-resourced domestic fisheries management will result in sustainable fisheries and agreed environmental outcomes. Catches from the high seas present a vastly more complex picture. Despite attempts over many years to manage high seas stocks the record is not good. Globalization has in many cases facilitated the development and use of loopholes in international arrangements providing access to flag States who are not party to key agreements and allowing companies to set up in these countries often with little or no transparency. This environment presents a significant policy challenge for fisheries managers and the international community. How do we get economics to reinforce the fisheries management arrangements we need? There are significant policy gaps which need to be explored and responses developed. It may be time for a significant shift in thinking about the rights and responsibilities of those who access fishery resources. Title: Globalization - Has it Helped or Hindered in Managing Fish Stocks Sustainably? Author: Lack, Mary, Meere, Frank While there have been substantial benefits to fish trade and the fishing industry from the opening up of markets, deregulation and greater flexibility in how and where companies can operate, this may have come at a significant cost when it comes to managing fish stocks sustainably. Globalization has facilitated the catching, processing and marketing of fish however we frequently have little or no idea where the fish was caught, how sustainable the catch is, and where it has been before it enters the final market. Fisheries management by its very nature requires significant regulation. Regulation is aimed at addressing market failure. Well-resourced domestic fisheries management will result in sustainable fisheries and agreed environmental outcomes. Catches from the high seas present a vastly more complex picture. Despite attempts over many years to manage high seas stocks the record is not good. Globalization has in many cases facilitated the development and use of loopholes in international arrangements providing access to flag States who are not party to key agreements and allowing companies to set up in these countries often with little or no transparency. This environment presents a significant policy challenge for fisheries managers and the international community. How do we get economics to reinforce the fisheries management arrangements we need? There are significant policy gaps which need to be explored and responses developed. It may be time for a significant shift in thinking about the rights and responsibilities of those who access fishery resources. Close

• 15. [Article] Landing Fees vs. Harvest Quotas with Uncertain Fish Stock

  A revised version of this paper was published in the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. Volume 43, Issue 2, March 2002, Pages 325–338

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Landing Fees vs. Harvest Quotas with Uncertain Fish Stock Author: Weitzman, Martin L. Year: 2001 A revised version of this paper was published in the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. Volume 43, Issue 2, March 2002, Pages 325–338 Title: Landing Fees vs. Harvest Quotas with Uncertain Fish Stock Author: Weitzman, Martin L. Year: 2001 A revised version of this paper was published in the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. Volume 43, Issue 2, March 2002, Pages 325–338 Close

• 16. [Article] Using Trade Measure in The Fight Against IUU Fishing: Opportunities and Challenges

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Using Trade Measure in The Fight Against IUU Fishing: Opportunities and Challenges Author: Le Gallic, Betrand Research Paper Title: Using Trade Measure in The Fight Against IUU Fishing: Opportunities and Challenges Author: Le Gallic, Betrand Research Paper Close

• 17. [Article] A Bioeconomic Analysis of the Impact of Buyback Programs: Application to a Limited Entry Scallop French Fishery

  The objective of the paper is to analyse and to simulate fishers dis-investment behaviour especially in the context of the French buyback policy. A case study, the limited entry scallop fishery of the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Bioeconomic Analysis of the Impact of Buyback Programs: Application to a Limited Entry Scallop French Fishery Author: Fifas, Spyros, Guyader, Olivier, Daures, Fabienne Year: 2001 The objective of the paper is to analyse and to simulate fishers dis-investment behaviour especially in the context of the French buyback policy. A case study, the limited entry scallop fishery of the Saint-Brieuc bay is used to consider the problem of excess capacity and to review the impact of the national decommissioning schemes on the scallop fleet. The role of financial incentives technical and economic are studied to explain individual decisions to stay or to leave the fishery. Considering these lessons, the second part of the paper aims at modelling fishers’ behaviour in order to simulate the bioeconomic impacts of buyback programs and the role of different incentive schemes. Special attention is paid to the assessment of willingness to accept to leave the fishery. The model is applied to the scallop fishery while highlighting agency problems such as the role of the regulator’s information about fleet and cost structure. The problem of windfall gains problem due to the mis-specification of the buy-back programs is analysed. Spreadsheet simulations lead to cost-benefit analysis of different policy options. Title: A Bioeconomic Analysis of the Impact of Buyback Programs: Application to a Limited Entry Scallop French Fishery Author: Fifas, Spyros, Guyader, Olivier, Daures, Fabienne Year: 2001 The objective of the paper is to analyse and to simulate fishers dis-investment behaviour especially in the context of the French buyback policy. A case study, the limited entry scallop fishery of the Saint-Brieuc bay is used to consider the problem of excess capacity and to review the impact of the national decommissioning schemes on the scallop fleet. The role of financial incentives technical and economic are studied to explain individual decisions to stay or to leave the fishery. Considering these lessons, the second part of the paper aims at modelling fishers’ behaviour in order to simulate the bioeconomic impacts of buyback programs and the role of different incentive schemes. Special attention is paid to the assessment of willingness to accept to leave the fishery. The model is applied to the scallop fishery while highlighting agency problems such as the role of the regulator’s information about fleet and cost structure. The problem of windfall gains problem due to the mis-specification of the buy-back programs is analysed. Spreadsheet simulations lead to cost-benefit analysis of different policy options. Close

• 18. [Article] From Trawl to Pots, a Bio-economic Analysis of Gear Changement

  Power Point presentation.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: From Trawl to Pots, a Bio-economic Analysis of Gear Changement Author: Talidec, Catherine, Macher, Claire Power Point presentation. Title: From Trawl to Pots, a Bio-economic Analysis of Gear Changement Author: Talidec, Catherine, Macher, Claire Power Point presentation. Close

• 19. [Article] ITQs and Property Rights: A review of Australian case law

  This paper discusses the legal concepts of property and property rights and examines how the Australian courts perceive fishing entitlements (licences, ITQs and Individual Effort Units). On the basis of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: ITQs and Property Rights: A review of Australian case law Author: Kaufmann, Barry, Sen, Sevaly, Geen, Gerry Year: 2001 This paper discusses the legal concepts of property and property rights and examines how the Australian courts perceive fishing entitlements (licences, ITQs and Individual Effort Units). On the basis of case law concerning the nature of other fishing entitlements, such as fishing licences, the courts are likely to find that ITQs are proprietary in nature. However the Australian courts have found that fishing entitlements, although similar in terms of the privileges conferred, are not the common law property right of profit á prendre. They are a statutory entitlement. Compensation for modification and extinguishment of these rights depends on whether there is compensation payable under applicable legislation or on whether the plaintiffs can rely on constitutional guarantees of acquisition of property on just terms. The courts have clearly indicated that fishing entitlements are rights created by government as means of regulating the fishing industry and are thus governed by the legislation that created them. By annulling that legislation, the entitlement no longer exists. By modifying the legislation, the entitlement is redefined. However, until there is a relevant Australian case on ITQs, it remains to be seen whether the courts will view them any differently to other fishing entitlements Title: ITQs and Property Rights: A review of Australian case law Author: Kaufmann, Barry, Sen, Sevaly, Geen, Gerry Year: 2001 This paper discusses the legal concepts of property and property rights and examines how the Australian courts perceive fishing entitlements (licences, ITQs and Individual Effort Units). On the basis of case law concerning the nature of other fishing entitlements, such as fishing licences, the courts are likely to find that ITQs are proprietary in nature. However the Australian courts have found that fishing entitlements, although similar in terms of the privileges conferred, are not the common law property right of profit á prendre. They are a statutory entitlement. Compensation for modification and extinguishment of these rights depends on whether there is compensation payable under applicable legislation or on whether the plaintiffs can rely on constitutional guarantees of acquisition of property on just terms. The courts have clearly indicated that fishing entitlements are rights created by government as means of regulating the fishing industry and are thus governed by the legislation that created them. By annulling that legislation, the entitlement no longer exists. By modifying the legislation, the entitlement is redefined. However, until there is a relevant Australian case on ITQs, it remains to be seen whether the courts will view them any differently to other fishing entitlements Close

• 20. [Article] The Bio-Economics of Sea Turtle Use in Mexico: History of Exploitation and Conservation Policies for the Olive Ridly (Lepidochelys olivacea)

  Illegal behavior among fishermen is often explained using models that abstract from the moral and the political realm. These same models may also abstract from the institutional realities of law making ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Bio-Economics of Sea Turtle Use in Mexico: History of Exploitation and Conservation Policies for the Olive Ridly (Lepidochelys olivacea) Author: Wilson, James, Trinidad, Hector Year: 2001 Illegal behavior among fishermen is often explained using models that abstract from the moral and the political realm. These same models may also abstract from the institutional realities of law making and the behavioral realities of small businesses and families. Illegal behavior may be a result of situations where policy shifts are more rapid than the adjustments in consumption and production decisions by resource users. These divergences between what governments would like to see, and what resource users are actually capable of doing, are accentuated in situations where alternatives are limited among users, and where public decision-making is more centralized. The regulation and exploitation of the Olive Ridley sea turtle in Mexico is an example of the relationships between public management objectives of conservation and development of economic opportunity, legislative evolution and inertia, and industrial development. However, providing for economic needs of local communities in the past has played a large role in shaping the path of exploitation seen in recent years. The fact that institutional evolution has a history introduces temporal complexity to the management problem. An examination of the legal, industrial, and customary record may be in order for Mexico, to obtain clues about what should be done in the future. Title: The Bio-Economics of Sea Turtle Use in Mexico: History of Exploitation and Conservation Policies for the Olive Ridly (Lepidochelys olivacea) Author: Wilson, James, Trinidad, Hector Year: 2001 Illegal behavior among fishermen is often explained using models that abstract from the moral and the political realm. These same models may also abstract from the institutional realities of law making and the behavioral realities of small businesses and families. Illegal behavior may be a result of situations where policy shifts are more rapid than the adjustments in consumption and production decisions by resource users. These divergences between what governments would like to see, and what resource users are actually capable of doing, are accentuated in situations where alternatives are limited among users, and where public decision-making is more centralized. The regulation and exploitation of the Olive Ridley sea turtle in Mexico is an example of the relationships between public management objectives of conservation and development of economic opportunity, legislative evolution and inertia, and industrial development. However, providing for economic needs of local communities in the past has played a large role in shaping the path of exploitation seen in recent years. The fact that institutional evolution has a history introduces temporal complexity to the management problem. An examination of the legal, industrial, and customary record may be in order for Mexico, to obtain clues about what should be done in the future. Close