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• 1. [Article] Risk in Fisheries Management: From Rule-Based to Function-Based Management in Norway?

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Risk in Fisheries Management: From Rule-Based to Function-Based Management in Norway? Author: Utne, Ingrid Bouwer Research Paper Title: Risk in Fisheries Management: From Rule-Based to Function-Based Management in Norway? Author: Utne, Ingrid Bouwer Research Paper Close

• 2. [Article] Understanding Differences in Regulatory Effort Across Stocks: A Preliminary Analysis

  In an environment of limited resources and expanded management expectations, fisheries regulators face hard decisions about how intensively to regulate different stocks. The Fishery Management Councils ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Understanding Differences in Regulatory Effort Across Stocks: A Preliminary Analysis Author: Yandle, Tracy, Crosson, Scott, Melnychuk, Michael, Hilborn, Ray In an environment of limited resources and expanded management expectations, fisheries regulators face hard decisions about how intensively to regulate different stocks. The Fishery Management Councils are required to regulate harvest of all stocks in a sustainable manner, but have discretion on how much regulatory effort to invest in individual species or species complexes. What drives regulators to invest management resources in one species over another? Is this dynamic the same nation-wide or does it vary by region? These questions have implications for understanding regulatory decision-making and how management resources are prioritized. Regulatory activity for a stock is represented by the number of citations in the Federal Register (notices, proposed rules, and rules) over a recent 5-year period for each species in each management council region. Predictor variable data for the same stocks are from the FSA management attributes database consisting of current and historical management, biological, and economic characteristics of each fishery. Title: Understanding Differences in Regulatory Effort Across Stocks: A Preliminary Analysis Author: Yandle, Tracy, Crosson, Scott, Melnychuk, Michael, Hilborn, Ray In an environment of limited resources and expanded management expectations, fisheries regulators face hard decisions about how intensively to regulate different stocks. The Fishery Management Councils are required to regulate harvest of all stocks in a sustainable manner, but have discretion on how much regulatory effort to invest in individual species or species complexes. What drives regulators to invest management resources in one species over another? Is this dynamic the same nation-wide or does it vary by region? These questions have implications for understanding regulatory decision-making and how management resources are prioritized. Regulatory activity for a stock is represented by the number of citations in the Federal Register (notices, proposed rules, and rules) over a recent 5-year period for each species in each management council region. Predictor variable data for the same stocks are from the FSA management attributes database consisting of current and historical management, biological, and economic characteristics of each fishery. Close

• 3. [Article] Characteristics and Changes of Trawl Fishery Management Institution in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Characteristics and Changes of Trawl Fishery Management Institution in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia Author: Hidaka, Takeshi Research Paper Title: Characteristics and Changes of Trawl Fishery Management Institution in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia Author: Hidaka, Takeshi Research Paper Close

• 4. [Article] Regulatory Compliance in Lake Victoria Fisheries

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Regulatory Compliance in Lake Victoria Fisheries Author: Eggert, Hakan, Lokina, Razack Research Paper Title: Regulatory Compliance in Lake Victoria Fisheries Author: Eggert, Hakan, Lokina, Razack Research Paper Close

• 5. [Article] Determinants of fishermen’s compliance - lessons from a coastal fishery in Biscay Bay

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Determinants of fishermen’s compliance - lessons from a coastal fishery in Biscay Bay Author: Raux, Pascal, Bailly, Denis, Roncin, Nicolas Research Paper Title: Determinants of fishermen’s compliance - lessons from a coastal fishery in Biscay Bay Author: Raux, Pascal, Bailly, Denis, Roncin, Nicolas Research Paper Close

• 6. [Article] Production Structure and Capacity Utilisation in Multi Product Industries: An Application to the Basque Trawl Industry

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Production Structure and Capacity Utilisation in Multi Product Industries: An Application to the Basque Trawl Industry Author: Lazkano, Itziar Research Paper Title: Production Structure and Capacity Utilisation in Multi Product Industries: An Application to the Basque Trawl Industry Author: Lazkano, Itziar Research Paper Close

• 7. [Article] Social Class Differentiations and the Regulation of Coastal Resources in New Zealand

  Indigenous fishing rights are partially recognized via allocation of commercial quota rights to tribes. Concern exists, however, that the allocation of commercial quota rights to indigenous groups without ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Social Class Differentiations and the Regulation of Coastal Resources in New Zealand Author: Bodwitch, Hekia Indigenous fishing rights are partially recognized via allocation of commercial quota rights to tribes. Concern exists, however, that the allocation of commercial quota rights to indigenous groups without restrictions on how the benefits from quota holdings can be allocated and exchanged will lead to class segregation within indigenous groups. Scholars writing about indigenous fishing rights in New Zealand, where tribal quota ownership and exchange is less regulated than in North America, have expressed concern that a “tribal capitalism” is emerging, whereby tribal elites accumulate wealth at the expense of local fishers, ostensibly the intended beneficiaries of tribal quota holdings. This paper examines the extent to which exchange of quota and coastal resources influences social class differentiation in New Zealand’s South Island, home to some of the nation’s most economically productive Maori fishing enterprises. Drawing on ethnographic data, it becomes clear that tribal quota holdings are not the driver effecting how benefits from resources are distributed. Rather, differential regulation between upstream and downstream coastal resources effects how wealth is accumulated in the watershed, patterns that largely fall along racial lines. Those who own private property, primarily non-Maori, are less regulated in their wealth accumulation than Maori who historically were pushed to the coasts, historic injustices indigenous fishing rights are designed to address. This analysis refocuses responsibility away from indigenous communities and onto the government’s regulatory practices, indicating that upstream regulation, as opposed to additional restrictions on tribal resource rights, will likely lead to more equitable distribution of coastal resource benefits. Title: Social Class Differentiations and the Regulation of Coastal Resources in New Zealand Author: Bodwitch, Hekia Indigenous fishing rights are partially recognized via allocation of commercial quota rights to tribes. Concern exists, however, that the allocation of commercial quota rights to indigenous groups without restrictions on how the benefits from quota holdings can be allocated and exchanged will lead to class segregation within indigenous groups. Scholars writing about indigenous fishing rights in New Zealand, where tribal quota ownership and exchange is less regulated than in North America, have expressed concern that a “tribal capitalism” is emerging, whereby tribal elites accumulate wealth at the expense of local fishers, ostensibly the intended beneficiaries of tribal quota holdings. This paper examines the extent to which exchange of quota and coastal resources influences social class differentiation in New Zealand’s South Island, home to some of the nation’s most economically productive Maori fishing enterprises. Drawing on ethnographic data, it becomes clear that tribal quota holdings are not the driver effecting how benefits from resources are distributed. Rather, differential regulation between upstream and downstream coastal resources effects how wealth is accumulated in the watershed, patterns that largely fall along racial lines. Those who own private property, primarily non-Maori, are less regulated in their wealth accumulation than Maori who historically were pushed to the coasts, historic injustices indigenous fishing rights are designed to address. This analysis refocuses responsibility away from indigenous communities and onto the government’s regulatory practices, indicating that upstream regulation, as opposed to additional restrictions on tribal resource rights, will likely lead to more equitable distribution of coastal resource benefits. Close

• 8. [Article] Are Catfish Inspections an Administrative Trade Barrier to Imported Fish?

  The Agricultural Act of 2014 (Public Law 113-79) amended legislation regarding the U.S. catfish inspection program to include “all fish of the order Siluriformes,” encompassing imported species: basa, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Are Catfish Inspections an Administrative Trade Barrier to Imported Fish? Author: Kropp, Jaclyn D., Davidson, Kelly The Agricultural Act of 2014 (Public Law 113-79) amended legislation regarding the U.S. catfish inspection program to include “all fish of the order Siluriformes,” encompassing imported species: basa, tra, and pangasius. Furthermore, the amendment finalized the transition of catfish and catfish-like product inspection responsibilities to the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), leaving all other fish species under FDA inspection. The shift in responsibility produces tighter food safety mandates for domestically produced and imported catfish, which some argue acts as an administrative trade barrier protecting the U.S. catfish industry. Since domestic producers were likely subject to similar standards under FDA inspection, the cost of compliance is likely higher for international fish farmers who mostly operate in low-income countries. We analyze the potential trade distortions of the regulation change on domestic catfish production and imported products. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of the new regulation on the market share of imported fish products relative to domestic production. The reformed legislation will likely decrease market competition from imported catfish-like products. Additionally, the competition from tilapia imports might increase since tilapia inspection remains under FDA regulation and there is evidence that consumers view catfish and tilapia as substitutes. Using data from the USDA Economic Research Service and NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, we estimate the potential effects of the new regulation under various assumptions regarding the cost of compliance. The impact of the new regulation depends on assumptions pertaining to the differences in compliance costs across industries and markets (domestic versus foreign). Title: Are Catfish Inspections an Administrative Trade Barrier to Imported Fish? Author: Kropp, Jaclyn D., Davidson, Kelly The Agricultural Act of 2014 (Public Law 113-79) amended legislation regarding the U.S. catfish inspection program to include “all fish of the order Siluriformes,” encompassing imported species: basa, tra, and pangasius. Furthermore, the amendment finalized the transition of catfish and catfish-like product inspection responsibilities to the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), leaving all other fish species under FDA inspection. The shift in responsibility produces tighter food safety mandates for domestically produced and imported catfish, which some argue acts as an administrative trade barrier protecting the U.S. catfish industry. Since domestic producers were likely subject to similar standards under FDA inspection, the cost of compliance is likely higher for international fish farmers who mostly operate in low-income countries. We analyze the potential trade distortions of the regulation change on domestic catfish production and imported products. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of the new regulation on the market share of imported fish products relative to domestic production. The reformed legislation will likely decrease market competition from imported catfish-like products. Additionally, the competition from tilapia imports might increase since tilapia inspection remains under FDA regulation and there is evidence that consumers view catfish and tilapia as substitutes. Using data from the USDA Economic Research Service and NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, we estimate the potential effects of the new regulation under various assumptions regarding the cost of compliance. The impact of the new regulation depends on assumptions pertaining to the differences in compliance costs across industries and markets (domestic versus foreign). Close

• 9. [Article] Biosecurity vs. Profits: A Multi-Objective Model for the Aquaculture Industry

  In this paper we measure the value of sanitary restrictions in terms of forgone profits. For this we model the trade-off between biosecurity and profits in the salmon aquaculture industry. We introduce ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biosecurity vs. Profits: A Multi-Objective Model for the Aquaculture Industry Author: Estay-Montecinos, Manuel, Dresdner-Cid, Jorge In this paper we measure the value of sanitary restrictions in terms of forgone profits. For this we model the trade-off between biosecurity and profits in the salmon aquaculture industry. We introduce the concept of “sanitary desirable volume” of the salmon industry, as a goal in a bi-objective model. We are able to optimize this model, using base information relevant for the Los Lagos Region in Chile, and identify a Pareto Frontier. Within this setting we analyze the shadow price of one objective in terms of the other, the effect of changes in the administrative regulations that limit fish density in the farms, and of prices on the Pareto frontier. We find that the effect of sanitary restrictions in terms of forgone profits is quantitatively important and that this effect is dependent on the level of sanitary restrictions and on the relative product prices. This has important implications for the design of sanitary restrictions. The level of the sanitary desirable volume should be determined carefully to avoid costly excessive regulation. Moreover, market conditions can also affect the optimal level of regulation. Title: Biosecurity vs. Profits: A Multi-Objective Model for the Aquaculture Industry Author: Estay-Montecinos, Manuel, Dresdner-Cid, Jorge In this paper we measure the value of sanitary restrictions in terms of forgone profits. For this we model the trade-off between biosecurity and profits in the salmon aquaculture industry. We introduce the concept of “sanitary desirable volume” of the salmon industry, as a goal in a bi-objective model. We are able to optimize this model, using base information relevant for the Los Lagos Region in Chile, and identify a Pareto Frontier. Within this setting we analyze the shadow price of one objective in terms of the other, the effect of changes in the administrative regulations that limit fish density in the farms, and of prices on the Pareto frontier. We find that the effect of sanitary restrictions in terms of forgone profits is quantitatively important and that this effect is dependent on the level of sanitary restrictions and on the relative product prices. This has important implications for the design of sanitary restrictions. The level of the sanitary desirable volume should be determined carefully to avoid costly excessive regulation. Moreover, market conditions can also affect the optimal level of regulation. Close

• 10. [Article] The death rattle of open access and the advent of property rights regimes in fisheries

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The death rattle of open access and the advent of property rights regimes in fisheries Author: Christy, Francis T. Research Paper Title: The death rattle of open access and the advent of property rights regimes in fisheries Author: Christy, Francis T. Research Paper Close

• 11. [Article] The Implicit Value of Waterway Characteristics and Boating Regulations

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Implicit Value of Waterway Characteristics and Boating Regulations Author: Swett, Robert, Wells, Thomas, Larkin, Sherry Research Paper Title: The Implicit Value of Waterway Characteristics and Boating Regulations Author: Swett, Robert, Wells, Thomas, Larkin, Sherry Research Paper Close

• 12. [Article] Policy Initiatives and New Directions for Managing Fisheries in Queensland, Australia

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Policy Initiatives and New Directions for Managing Fisheries in Queensland, Australia Author: Dinesen, Zena Research Paper Title: Policy Initiatives and New Directions for Managing Fisheries in Queensland, Australia Author: Dinesen, Zena Research Paper Close

• 13. [Article] Prospects for Management Reform in Gulf of Mexico Recreational Fisheries

  Recreational fishing for popular species like red snapper and grouper in the Gulf of Mexico follows a pattern that is well known in commercial fisheries: fishing under regulated open access promotes short, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Prospects for Management Reform in Gulf of Mexico Recreational Fisheries Author: Willard, Daniel, Abbott, Joshua K. Recreational fishing for popular species like red snapper and grouper in the Gulf of Mexico follows a pattern that is well known in commercial fisheries: fishing under regulated open access promotes short, unpredictable seasons, shrinking bag limits, and large and persistent overharvests. With federal fishing seasons at all-time lows and conflicts increasing between state and federal regulators, anglers are losing fishing opportunities and many in the Gulf’s for-hire industry struggle to operate viable businesses. Red snapper is in the spotlight, but many overfished species are on the same path. Gulf of Mexico commercial fisheries rationalization has promoted economic benefits and accountability to annual catch limits, but most recreational fisheries are managed under regulated open access with relatively poor catch accounting. For many reef fish species, recreational fishing represents over half of total fishing mortality. Yet innovation in recreational management reform is lagging, in part because regulators’ attention is diverted to contentious policy issues such as sector allocations. This talk reviews policy challenges in mixed-use fisheries, such as sector and sub-sector allocation disputes, the state of for-hire and private recreational fisheries management, and prospects for rights-based management reform in mixed use fisheries. We also introduce the Gulf Headboat Collaborative, an affiliation of headboat operators who are testing rights-based management in Gulf of Mexico recreational fisheries through an experimental fishing permit (EFP). This two-year pilot program represents cooperation between industry, government, academia, and the NGO community, providing a unique opportunity for empirical evaluation and an innovative model for adaptive fisheries management. Title: Prospects for Management Reform in Gulf of Mexico Recreational Fisheries Author: Willard, Daniel, Abbott, Joshua K. Recreational fishing for popular species like red snapper and grouper in the Gulf of Mexico follows a pattern that is well known in commercial fisheries: fishing under regulated open access promotes short, unpredictable seasons, shrinking bag limits, and large and persistent overharvests. With federal fishing seasons at all-time lows and conflicts increasing between state and federal regulators, anglers are losing fishing opportunities and many in the Gulf’s for-hire industry struggle to operate viable businesses. Red snapper is in the spotlight, but many overfished species are on the same path. Gulf of Mexico commercial fisheries rationalization has promoted economic benefits and accountability to annual catch limits, but most recreational fisheries are managed under regulated open access with relatively poor catch accounting. For many reef fish species, recreational fishing represents over half of total fishing mortality. Yet innovation in recreational management reform is lagging, in part because regulators’ attention is diverted to contentious policy issues such as sector allocations. This talk reviews policy challenges in mixed-use fisheries, such as sector and sub-sector allocation disputes, the state of for-hire and private recreational fisheries management, and prospects for rights-based management reform in mixed use fisheries. We also introduce the Gulf Headboat Collaborative, an affiliation of headboat operators who are testing rights-based management in Gulf of Mexico recreational fisheries through an experimental fishing permit (EFP). This two-year pilot program represents cooperation between industry, government, academia, and the NGO community, providing a unique opportunity for empirical evaluation and an innovative model for adaptive fisheries management. Close

• 14. [Article] Individual Discount Rate and Regulatory Compliance in a Developing Country Fishery

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Individual Discount Rate and Regulatory Compliance in a Developing Country Fishery Author: Akpalu, Wisdom Research Paper Title: Individual Discount Rate and Regulatory Compliance in a Developing Country Fishery Author: Akpalu, Wisdom Research Paper Close

• 15. [Article] The Dynamics of Fishermen's Compliance

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Dynamics of Fishermen's Compliance Author: Nostbakken, Linda Research Paper Title: The Dynamics of Fishermen's Compliance Author: Nostbakken, Linda Research Paper Close

• 16. [Article] Examining target species substitution in the face of changing recreational fishing policies

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Examining target species substitution in the face of changing recreational fishing policies Author: Gentner, Brad Research Paper Title: Examining target species substitution in the face of changing recreational fishing policies Author: Gentner, Brad Research Paper Close

• 17. [Article] Market-Based Incentives for Vaquita Conservation

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Market-Based Incentives for Vaquita Conservation Author: Squires, Dale Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Title: Market-Based Incentives for Vaquita Conservation Author: Squires, Dale Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Close

• 18. [Article] Experience of vessel decommissioning in Danish fisheries

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Experience of vessel decommissioning in Danish fisheries Author: Lindebo, Erik, Vestergaard, Niels Research Paper Title: Experience of vessel decommissioning in Danish fisheries Author: Lindebo, Erik, Vestergaard, Niels Research Paper Close

• 19. [Article] The Role of Expectations in Modeling Fishing Fleet Capacity Changes

  The paper analyzes a situation in which the fishing fleet is subject to restrictive regulation regarding the harvest of its primal target species due to biological overfishing that in turn reveals a high ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Role of Expectations in Modeling Fishing Fleet Capacity Changes Author: Hutniczak, Barbara, Vestergaard, Niels The paper analyzes a situation in which the fishing fleet is subject to restrictive regulation regarding the harvest of its primal target species due to biological overfishing that in turn reveals a high level of overcapacity. The goal is to model fishermen’s expectations and likely responses to the government initiated transition to a sustainable fishery. The question the paper aims to answer is: to what degree anticipation of policy change may be delaying the fleet restructuring process. The investigated setting includes direct intervention in the form of a time‐limited buyback program and two scenarios regarding future regulations. In the first, the fishery continues under Individual Vessel Quotas (IVQs). In the second scenario, introduction of Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) is expected in the near future. Under a rationality assumption, the exit decision depends on the expected sum of discounted profits in comparison with the single buyback payment. The profits in turn depend on expectations regarding the form of the quota that may become a valuable asset in the future. The paper uses a restricted profit function approach. The advantage of the developed model is its flexibility with respect to the multispecies and multigear character of the fishing industry. An application is provided for the Polish trawler fleet targeting primarily cod. Title: The Role of Expectations in Modeling Fishing Fleet Capacity Changes Author: Hutniczak, Barbara, Vestergaard, Niels The paper analyzes a situation in which the fishing fleet is subject to restrictive regulation regarding the harvest of its primal target species due to biological overfishing that in turn reveals a high level of overcapacity. The goal is to model fishermen’s expectations and likely responses to the government initiated transition to a sustainable fishery. The question the paper aims to answer is: to what degree anticipation of policy change may be delaying the fleet restructuring process. The investigated setting includes direct intervention in the form of a time‐limited buyback program and two scenarios regarding future regulations. In the first, the fishery continues under Individual Vessel Quotas (IVQs). In the second scenario, introduction of Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) is expected in the near future. Under a rationality assumption, the exit decision depends on the expected sum of discounted profits in comparison with the single buyback payment. The profits in turn depend on expectations regarding the form of the quota that may become a valuable asset in the future. The paper uses a restricted profit function approach. The advantage of the developed model is its flexibility with respect to the multispecies and multigear character of the fishing industry. An application is provided for the Polish trawler fleet targeting primarily cod. Close

• 20. [Article] Efficiency in multilevel decision making systems: A comparative analysis of Italian buyback programs

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Efficiency in multilevel decision making systems: A comparative analysis of Italian buyback programs Author: Spagnolo, Massimo Research Paper Title: Efficiency in multilevel decision making systems: A comparative analysis of Italian buyback programs Author: Spagnolo, Massimo Research Paper Close