Search

Search Results

• 1. [Article] Contribution of Fishing to Households' Economy - Evidence From Fisher-Farmer Communities in Congo

  Small-scale fisheries in developing countries have often been perceived as a low-productivity, backward informal sector. As a result they are rarely considered as a possible entry point in poverty reduction ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Contribution of Fishing to Households' Economy - Evidence From Fisher-Farmer Communities in Congo Author: Béné, Christophe Small-scale fisheries in developing countries have often been perceived as a low-productivity, backward informal sector. As a result they are rarely considered as a possible entry point in poverty reduction and rural development planning. Data collected in Democratic Republic of Congo show that this perception may not reflect the empirical reality. Through group and individual household interviews we investigate the dual role of fish as food and cash-crop in this very remote rural area of Congo. The data show that - like in a majority of inland fisheries- fishing is operated seasonally as part of a household-based multiactivity livelihood strategy. Analysis shows that the poorest households rely more heavily on fishing for their supply of protein-rich food, in particular through the fish caught by women. Fishing also appears to be the main source of cash income for the majority of the households, including farmers. In fact households which have the opportunity to engage in fishing often display a higher income than nonfishing households. Based on these findings the paper argues that small-scale fisheries can play a fundamental role in local economy, especially in remote rural areas where they can contribute to strengthen the livelihoods of people through both food security and cash-income generation. Title: Contribution of Fishing to Households' Economy - Evidence From Fisher-Farmer Communities in Congo Author: Béné, Christophe Small-scale fisheries in developing countries have often been perceived as a low-productivity, backward informal sector. As a result they are rarely considered as a possible entry point in poverty reduction and rural development planning. Data collected in Democratic Republic of Congo show that this perception may not reflect the empirical reality. Through group and individual household interviews we investigate the dual role of fish as food and cash-crop in this very remote rural area of Congo. The data show that - like in a majority of inland fisheries- fishing is operated seasonally as part of a household-based multiactivity livelihood strategy. Analysis shows that the poorest households rely more heavily on fishing for their supply of protein-rich food, in particular through the fish caught by women. Fishing also appears to be the main source of cash income for the majority of the households, including farmers. In fact households which have the opportunity to engage in fishing often display a higher income than nonfishing households. Based on these findings the paper argues that small-scale fisheries can play a fundamental role in local economy, especially in remote rural areas where they can contribute to strengthen the livelihoods of people through both food security and cash-income generation. Close

• 2. [Article] A Comparative Assessment of Damages to Fisheries Livelihood in Villages Affected By the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Comparative Assessment of Damages to Fisheries Livelihood in Villages Affected By the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Author: Mamiit, Rusyan Jill Research Paper Title: A Comparative Assessment of Damages to Fisheries Livelihood in Villages Affected By the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Author: Mamiit, Rusyan Jill Research Paper Close

• 3. [Article] Technical approaches and aquaculture development alternatives

  Tam Giang - Cau Hai lagoon systems covered over 22.000 ha, along coastal region from North to South of Thua Thien Hue with 70 km and more than 400.000 inhabitants are living around in lagoon systems. There ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Technical approaches and aquaculture development alternatives Author: Nguyen, Phuoc, Le, Tuan, Le Tat, Chau Uyen, Nguyen, Linh Tam Giang - Cau Hai lagoon systems covered over 22.000 ha, along coastal region from North to South of Thua Thien Hue with 70 km and more than 400.000 inhabitants are living around in lagoon systems. There are many livelihood activities as fishing, aquaculture and farming. Aquaculture systems are diversified: pond, net-closure in high and low tide systems and farmers and communities had to choose and select proper species and models for adaptation of the regions but they still have not successful, even they lost investment money and capital by environmental problems and uncorrected carrying capacity leading to diseases and low productions. Research results were showed the different technical approaches and aquaculture system alternatives for property aquaculture models in the regions. More than 267 aquaculture households of 15 communes in 5 districts that related to Tam Giang - Cau Hai lagoon were investigated and shown the figures on over 4000 ha of aquaculture water area of 33 communes: high/low tides of pond systems; cage culture in low tide systems; sandy shrimp culture system; integrated poly-culture and monoculture, while P. monodon was main species in all of systems and models. Efficiency of different alternatives were conducted in intensive of high tide was highest income, net income 100 - 700 mil. VND; semi-intensive of high tide-mono, 10 - 25 mil.; semi-intensive high tide-integrated poly-culture, 20 -40 mil.; semi-intensive-low tide-mono, 3 - 10 mil.; extensive-low tide-poly, 30 -50 mil.; marine water cage culture-poly, 25 - 35 mil., respectively. Effect of different species alternatives were on 267 households in differences, 26.99; 90.22; 221.13; 48.21, P < 0.01. The stock density and composition was conducted in differences of income and benefit for farmers, P < 0.05. Water control and management, dietary composition and feed processing, animal health management were effected on the income and benefit of aquaculture models, P < 0.01 and 0.001. Title: Technical approaches and aquaculture development alternatives Author: Nguyen, Phuoc, Le, Tuan, Le Tat, Chau Uyen, Nguyen, Linh Tam Giang - Cau Hai lagoon systems covered over 22.000 ha, along coastal region from North to South of Thua Thien Hue with 70 km and more than 400.000 inhabitants are living around in lagoon systems. There are many livelihood activities as fishing, aquaculture and farming. Aquaculture systems are diversified: pond, net-closure in high and low tide systems and farmers and communities had to choose and select proper species and models for adaptation of the regions but they still have not successful, even they lost investment money and capital by environmental problems and uncorrected carrying capacity leading to diseases and low productions. Research results were showed the different technical approaches and aquaculture system alternatives for property aquaculture models in the regions. More than 267 aquaculture households of 15 communes in 5 districts that related to Tam Giang - Cau Hai lagoon were investigated and shown the figures on over 4000 ha of aquaculture water area of 33 communes: high/low tides of pond systems; cage culture in low tide systems; sandy shrimp culture system; integrated poly-culture and monoculture, while P. monodon was main species in all of systems and models. Efficiency of different alternatives were conducted in intensive of high tide was highest income, net income 100 - 700 mil. VND; semi-intensive of high tide-mono, 10 - 25 mil.; semi-intensive high tide-integrated poly-culture, 20 -40 mil.; semi-intensive-low tide-mono, 3 - 10 mil.; extensive-low tide-poly, 30 -50 mil.; marine water cage culture-poly, 25 - 35 mil., respectively. Effect of different species alternatives were on 267 households in differences, 26.99; 90.22; 221.13; 48.21, P < 0.01. The stock density and composition was conducted in differences of income and benefit for farmers, P < 0.05. Water control and management, dietary composition and feed processing, animal health management were effected on the income and benefit of aquaculture models, P < 0.01 and 0.001. Close

• 4. [Article] Socio-economic Status of the Post-Tsunami Cage Aquaculture Farmers along Andaman Sea Coast, Thailand

  This study focused on analysis of the influences of the Post-Tsunami Rehabilitation Programs on the socio-economic status of cage aquaculture farmers along Andaman sea coast, Thailand. The study also emphasized ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Socio-economic Status of the Post-Tsunami Cage Aquaculture Farmers along Andaman Sea Coast, Thailand Author: Songrak, Apirak, Sangchan, Suchat, Tanyaros, Suwat, Anantasuk, Rattanaporn This study focused on analysis of the influences of the Post-Tsunami Rehabilitation Programs on the socio-economic status of cage aquaculture farmers along Andaman sea coast, Thailand. The study also emphasized on the enhancement of the livelihood of the farmers. Data was collected by interviewing 164 farmers, who reside in the affected-tsunami areas. The study showed that a large number of farmers were engaged in fish cage culture and small-scale fisheries as main occupations. However, the income from these economic activities could not provide enough for their basic expense, this caused by the effects of tsunami on cage culture. Therefore many farmers have to work as labors. A Post-Tsunami Rehabilitation Program since year 2005 has been trying to help and support farmers a fund to improve the materials of aquacultural cages and fishing gears. The analyses showed that the quality and quantity of equipment, seeds and feeds invested in aquaculture farms were increased (P<0.01) comparison to pre-recovery period. Importantly, the farm area, growth rate, amount of product and revenue were improved (P<0.05) during the post-tsunami rehabilitation period. Additionally, the area and quality of house, household consumption, household infrastructures, health care and education were also improved (P<0.01). The satisfaction of farmers regard to the recovery programs was quite high (WAI=3.88). However, their expectation was to have more support of fund and knowledge/technology transfer. In this study, we also found that the knowledge on fish marketing and culture techniques were poor. Lack of alternative income generation would threat on cage culture and small-scale fisheries. Henceforth, the rehabilitation program should be more paid attention on these findings. Capacity building for community strengthening was also important for sustainable post-tsunami aquaculture and small-scale fisheries in this area. Title: Socio-economic Status of the Post-Tsunami Cage Aquaculture Farmers along Andaman Sea Coast, Thailand Author: Songrak, Apirak, Sangchan, Suchat, Tanyaros, Suwat, Anantasuk, Rattanaporn This study focused on analysis of the influences of the Post-Tsunami Rehabilitation Programs on the socio-economic status of cage aquaculture farmers along Andaman sea coast, Thailand. The study also emphasized on the enhancement of the livelihood of the farmers. Data was collected by interviewing 164 farmers, who reside in the affected-tsunami areas. The study showed that a large number of farmers were engaged in fish cage culture and small-scale fisheries as main occupations. However, the income from these economic activities could not provide enough for their basic expense, this caused by the effects of tsunami on cage culture. Therefore many farmers have to work as labors. A Post-Tsunami Rehabilitation Program since year 2005 has been trying to help and support farmers a fund to improve the materials of aquacultural cages and fishing gears. The analyses showed that the quality and quantity of equipment, seeds and feeds invested in aquaculture farms were increased (P<0.01) comparison to pre-recovery period. Importantly, the farm area, growth rate, amount of product and revenue were improved (P<0.05) during the post-tsunami rehabilitation period. Additionally, the area and quality of house, household consumption, household infrastructures, health care and education were also improved (P<0.01). The satisfaction of farmers regard to the recovery programs was quite high (WAI=3.88). However, their expectation was to have more support of fund and knowledge/technology transfer. In this study, we also found that the knowledge on fish marketing and culture techniques were poor. Lack of alternative income generation would threat on cage culture and small-scale fisheries. Henceforth, the rehabilitation program should be more paid attention on these findings. Capacity building for community strengthening was also important for sustainable post-tsunami aquaculture and small-scale fisheries in this area. Close

• 5. [Article] Who is responsible for fishery management of perennial reservoirs, Sri Lanka?

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Who is responsible for fishery management of perennial reservoirs, Sri Lanka? Author: Amarasingher, Upali Sarath, Wilson, Clevo, Kularatne, Mohottala Gedara, De Silva, Sena, Pascoe, Sean Abstract only. Title: Who is responsible for fishery management of perennial reservoirs, Sri Lanka? Author: Amarasingher, Upali Sarath, Wilson, Clevo, Kularatne, Mohottala Gedara, De Silva, Sena, Pascoe, Sean Abstract only. Close

• 6. [Article] Impacts of Agriculture on the Inland Capture Fisheries in the Mekong Delta

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impacts of Agriculture on the Inland Capture Fisheries in the Mekong Delta Author: Vu, Vi An, Ngwenya, Elkana Abstract only. Title: Impacts of Agriculture on the Inland Capture Fisheries in the Mekong Delta Author: Vu, Vi An, Ngwenya, Elkana Abstract only. Close

• 7. [Article] Fishermen and Distribution System in the Fishing Sector of the South Central Vietnam

  In the past several years, the fishing sector of the South Central Vietnam have been developing sharply, generating over 226 thousands employments. The sector has contributed a share of approximately 70% ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishermen and Distribution System in the Fishing Sector of the South Central Vietnam Author: Dung, Phan Thi In the past several years, the fishing sector of the South Central Vietnam have been developing sharply, generating over 226 thousands employments. The sector has contributed a share of approximately 70% to the production value of the fisheries nationwide. The primary aim of this research paper is to assess the factual status of labour and income distribution pattern in fishing activities through some aspects: quantity of labors, education levels of fishermen and skippers, and income distribution methods. The results show the most of households in the fisheries are large in size, and the average income of fishermen is high but they almost live in difficult situations. As a result, their life has been dependent on fishing activities, and educational levels remain to be low. Research results are expected to provide policy-makers with useful information regarding development orientations, specially relevant to eliminating hunger and reducing poverty. Title: Fishermen and Distribution System in the Fishing Sector of the South Central Vietnam Author: Dung, Phan Thi In the past several years, the fishing sector of the South Central Vietnam have been developing sharply, generating over 226 thousands employments. The sector has contributed a share of approximately 70% to the production value of the fisheries nationwide. The primary aim of this research paper is to assess the factual status of labour and income distribution pattern in fishing activities through some aspects: quantity of labors, education levels of fishermen and skippers, and income distribution methods. The results show the most of households in the fisheries are large in size, and the average income of fishermen is high but they almost live in difficult situations. As a result, their life has been dependent on fishing activities, and educational levels remain to be low. Research results are expected to provide policy-makers with useful information regarding development orientations, specially relevant to eliminating hunger and reducing poverty. Close

• 8. [Article] Analysis of Risk and Risk Management Practices of Fishing Communities in the Philippines

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Analysis of Risk and Risk Management Practices of Fishing Communities in the Philippines Author: Campos, Maria Rebecca Abstract only. Title: Analysis of Risk and Risk Management Practices of Fishing Communities in the Philippines Author: Campos, Maria Rebecca Abstract only. Close

• 9. [Article] Community Perception Towards a Set Back Area : A Case Study in Galle District, Sri Lanka

  In view of the coastal areas, vulnerability to natural hazards particularly tsunami, earthquakes, etc, are rather increasing. The tsunami, giant tidal waves struck on 26th of December 2004 caused severe ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Community Perception Towards a Set Back Area : A Case Study in Galle District, Sri Lanka Author: Koralagama, Dilanthi In view of the coastal areas, vulnerability to natural hazards particularly tsunami, earthquakes, etc, are rather increasing. The tsunami, giant tidal waves struck on 26th of December 2004 caused severe damage to people and their livelihood. It is now felt that the country should enforce a regulation procedure to manage the coastal zone. This addresses the concept of a set back area in order to mitigate the severity of natural disasters. But, the promulgation of set back area should be account for community perception. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the community perception, possible constraints, and to extract criteria to demarcate a set back area in the littoral. The study was carried out in Galle district, in Southern Sri Lanka, which is one of the districts greatly affected by the tsunami. Three divisional secretariat (DS) divisions viz; Habaraduwa, Hikkaduwa and Galle were selected. Simple random sampling was used to select 120 households. Primary data were gleaned using a pre-tested questionnaire. Informal discussions were held with coastal dwellers, government officers, &etc. The data were analyzed and evaluated to assess the objectives. Accordingly, 54 percent of the community is involved in activities based on fisheries and tourism. The rest 46 percent are engaged in other activities, which are non-stationed in the coastal zone. More than 80 percent households of the area are vulnerable for natural disasters. In consequence, 66 percent were fully damaged and 34 percent were partially damaged. Totally 76 percent of the villagers are willing to have a set back area. But, only 48 percent from 100 m boundary, agreed to have a buffer zone and majority (52%) did not want to leave the place. The reason is that their livelihood activities are adhered to the shore. Further, the buffer zone would reduce the land use efficiency since, it requires 0.25 percent land area. Hence, it is advisable to maintain a buffer zone with a green belt, which is most effective to abate the sea waves. The demarcation of a set back area should consider the geomorphology, natural vegetation cover, &etc. Moreover, government incentives, concessionary loans, permits &etc are tools to promote settlements in inland. Since, the community is in uncertainty and unsecured, willing to have more secured land strip as a buffer zone. Ipso facto, a set back area is a community-blessed concept to mitigate dreadful natural destructions and also to assure the sustainability of the area. Title: Community Perception Towards a Set Back Area : A Case Study in Galle District, Sri Lanka Author: Koralagama, Dilanthi In view of the coastal areas, vulnerability to natural hazards particularly tsunami, earthquakes, etc, are rather increasing. The tsunami, giant tidal waves struck on 26th of December 2004 caused severe damage to people and their livelihood. It is now felt that the country should enforce a regulation procedure to manage the coastal zone. This addresses the concept of a set back area in order to mitigate the severity of natural disasters. But, the promulgation of set back area should be account for community perception. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the community perception, possible constraints, and to extract criteria to demarcate a set back area in the littoral. The study was carried out in Galle district, in Southern Sri Lanka, which is one of the districts greatly affected by the tsunami. Three divisional secretariat (DS) divisions viz; Habaraduwa, Hikkaduwa and Galle were selected. Simple random sampling was used to select 120 households. Primary data were gleaned using a pre-tested questionnaire. Informal discussions were held with coastal dwellers, government officers, &etc. The data were analyzed and evaluated to assess the objectives. Accordingly, 54 percent of the community is involved in activities based on fisheries and tourism. The rest 46 percent are engaged in other activities, which are non-stationed in the coastal zone. More than 80 percent households of the area are vulnerable for natural disasters. In consequence, 66 percent were fully damaged and 34 percent were partially damaged. Totally 76 percent of the villagers are willing to have a set back area. But, only 48 percent from 100 m boundary, agreed to have a buffer zone and majority (52%) did not want to leave the place. The reason is that their livelihood activities are adhered to the shore. Further, the buffer zone would reduce the land use efficiency since, it requires 0.25 percent land area. Hence, it is advisable to maintain a buffer zone with a green belt, which is most effective to abate the sea waves. The demarcation of a set back area should consider the geomorphology, natural vegetation cover, &etc. Moreover, government incentives, concessionary loans, permits &etc are tools to promote settlements in inland. Since, the community is in uncertainty and unsecured, willing to have more secured land strip as a buffer zone. Ipso facto, a set back area is a community-blessed concept to mitigate dreadful natural destructions and also to assure the sustainability of the area. Close

• 10. [Article] Role of floating fishing villages in the social life of fishers in south central region

  Unlike the North and the South where abundance of freshwater, the marine capture fisheries is underdeveloped, the Central Coast, especially South Central Coast with little freshwater fisheries resources, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Role of floating fishing villages in the social life of fishers in south central region Author: Nguyen, Duy Thieu Unlike the North and the South where abundance of freshwater, the marine capture fisheries is underdeveloped, the Central Coast, especially South Central Coast with little freshwater fisheries resources, but high amount of shrimps, fishes at sea, thus local fishermen have exploited this resource for living early. Together with this living process, Van Chai- a basic social unit, has been setup and gradually completed. In tradition of social units, this level is both administrative unit and self-governing unit. It also carries out many functions: managing people, organizing production, belief life and controlling resources etc. Since changes of traditional social system in Vietnam from three-level institution including Family – Village – State (“in home out village, in village out state”) to a five-level system: State (Central) - Province - District – Commune – Hamlet (village), functions of Van Chai has also been changed. Today, like agricultural villages, Van Chai only play their roles as self-governing unit besides supporting each other among its households in term of non-administrative internal works such as funeral ceremonies, marriage, festivals and so on, other functions such as managing resources go beyond responsibility of Van Chai recently. These changes do not only affect fishermen’s life in many aspects but also resources protection. In current social circumstances, no one worries when resource is in exhausted. With above idea, the report will mention following contents: 1. Process for formation and development of Van Chai in South Central Coast 2. Functions of Van Chai in South Central Coast in traditional social life + Function as a fishers managing unit + Function as a production unit + Function as a belief unit + Function to control and protect fisheries resources 3. Changes on functions of Van Chai in current social life and corollaries from these changes In the conclusion, some issues are raised for discussion: How to promote and inherit roles and functions of Van Chai under current developed process as well as arena of fisheries resource protection. Title: Role of floating fishing villages in the social life of fishers in south central region Author: Nguyen, Duy Thieu Unlike the North and the South where abundance of freshwater, the marine capture fisheries is underdeveloped, the Central Coast, especially South Central Coast with little freshwater fisheries resources, but high amount of shrimps, fishes at sea, thus local fishermen have exploited this resource for living early. Together with this living process, Van Chai- a basic social unit, has been setup and gradually completed. In tradition of social units, this level is both administrative unit and self-governing unit. It also carries out many functions: managing people, organizing production, belief life and controlling resources etc. Since changes of traditional social system in Vietnam from three-level institution including Family – Village – State (“in home out village, in village out state”) to a five-level system: State (Central) - Province - District – Commune – Hamlet (village), functions of Van Chai has also been changed. Today, like agricultural villages, Van Chai only play their roles as self-governing unit besides supporting each other among its households in term of non-administrative internal works such as funeral ceremonies, marriage, festivals and so on, other functions such as managing resources go beyond responsibility of Van Chai recently. These changes do not only affect fishermen’s life in many aspects but also resources protection. In current social circumstances, no one worries when resource is in exhausted. With above idea, the report will mention following contents: 1. Process for formation and development of Van Chai in South Central Coast 2. Functions of Van Chai in South Central Coast in traditional social life + Function as a fishers managing unit + Function as a production unit + Function as a belief unit + Function to control and protect fisheries resources 3. Changes on functions of Van Chai in current social life and corollaries from these changes In the conclusion, some issues are raised for discussion: How to promote and inherit roles and functions of Van Chai under current developed process as well as arena of fisheries resource protection. Close