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• 1. [Article] Comparative hazard assessment for protected species in a fire-prone landscape

  This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Comparative hazard assessment for protected species in a fire-prone landscape Author: Mealey, Stephen P., Roloff, Gary J., Bailey, John D. This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/. Title: Comparative hazard assessment for protected species in a fire-prone landscape Author: Mealey, Stephen P., Roloff, Gary J., Bailey, John D. This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/. Close

• 2. [Article] Effects of ungulate herbivory on aspen, cottonwood, and willow development under forest fuels treatment regimes

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/. To the best of our knowledge, one ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of ungulate herbivory on aspen, cottonwood, and willow development under forest fuels treatment regimes Author: Dick, Brian L., Endress, Bryan A., Boyd, Jennifer M., Parks, Catherine G., Wisdom, Michael J., Vavra, Martin, Naylor, Bridgett J. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Title: Effects of ungulate herbivory on aspen, cottonwood, and willow development under forest fuels treatment regimes Author: Dick, Brian L., Endress, Bryan A., Boyd, Jennifer M., Parks, Catherine G., Wisdom, Michael J., Vavra, Martin, Naylor, Bridgett J. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Close

• 3. [Article] CEO 1 ; An Illustrated Guide to Fire in Central Oregon Forests

  This pictorial guide is primarily intended to serve as a backdrop for field tours of central Oregon that involve topics surrounding wildland fire. It also is designed to provide an overview of the role ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: CEO 1 ; An Illustrated Guide to Fire in Central Oregon Forests Author: Tappeiner, J. C. (John C.), Eckert, Bradley E., Walstad, John D., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory This pictorial guide is primarily intended to serve as a backdrop for field tours of central Oregon that involve topics surrounding wildland fire. It also is designed to provide an overview of the role of fire in the major ecosystems characteristic of this region. Topics covered include fire history, fire regimes, current fire conditions, fire behavior, fire threats to natural resources, fuel treatments, interactions with the public, and future challenges and management options. A list of key references and glossary are also included. Title: CEO 1 ; An Illustrated Guide to Fire in Central Oregon Forests Author: Tappeiner, J. C. (John C.), Eckert, Bradley E., Walstad, John D., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory This pictorial guide is primarily intended to serve as a backdrop for field tours of central Oregon that involve topics surrounding wildland fire. It also is designed to provide an overview of the role of fire in the major ecosystems characteristic of this region. Topics covered include fire history, fire regimes, current fire conditions, fire behavior, fire threats to natural resources, fuel treatments, interactions with the public, and future challenges and management options. A list of key references and glossary are also included. Close

• 4. [Article] Disturbance and dynamics of riparian forests in southwestern Oregon

  Fire exclusion has been associated with structural and compositional changes in many upland forests of the western United States, but little is known about the impacts on riparian forests, portions of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Disturbance and dynamics of riparian forests in southwestern Oregon Author: Messier, Michael S. Fire exclusion has been associated with structural and compositional changes in many upland forests of the western United States, but little is known about the impacts on riparian forests, portions of the landscape protected for habitat and water quality. For this study, I characterized the historic disturbance and tree recruitment processes of riparian forests in southwestern Oregon. I identified the ways in which riparian forest structure and composition have changed over the past 100 to 150 years, with a particular focus on the effects of fire exclusion. I used dendro-ecological methods to analyze tree ring data collected in riparian forest stands of two vegetation types in the Rogue River basin of southwestern Oregon: the mesic 'Mixed Conifer' zone (Pinus-Pseudotsuga-Calocedrus-Abies) and the more xeric 'Interior Valley' zone (Pinus-Quercus-Pseudotsuga). My results suggest riparian forests in both vegetation zones developed with frequent disturbance by fire and that, since fire has been excluded, these forests have entered a new successional trajectory. In the Mixed Conifer zone, tree recruitment in the pre-settlement period appears to have been driven by the interaction between climatic fluctuations and mixed-severity fires, which historically maintained multi-aged stands of shade-intolerant species. Patches of highseverity fire within the mixed-severity matrix created large canopy gaps (>30 m in diameter) in which new cohorts of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) could establish within existing stands and perpetuate Douglas-fir overstory dominance. Tree recruitment appears to have been closely linked Since fire exclusion became effective, there has been an increase in tree density and a shift toward the establishment of white fir (Abies concolor), a fire-sensitive, shade-tolerant species. In the Interior Valley zone, riparian forests were most likely shaped by a low-severity fire regime. Frequent fires likely killed most tree seedlings and maintained open savannas or woodlands with shade-intolerant hardwoods and scattered, open-grown conifers. Fire exclusion in the Interior Valley zone has resulted in exceptionally high survival rates in Douglas-fir recruited during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This led to the establishment of a closed-canopy conifer forest with fewer shade-intolerant hardwoods, which are an important source of food and habitat for wildlife. My findings suggest future management guidelines for riparian forests in fire-prone forests of the Pacific Northwest should consider the substantial and potentially undesirable ecological effects of the current hands-off management policy in riparian forests. Future proposals to attempt restoration of pre-settlement forest structure and composition in upland forests should also consider including restoration treatments within adjoining riparian forests. Title: Disturbance and dynamics of riparian forests in southwestern Oregon Author: Messier, Michael S. Fire exclusion has been associated with structural and compositional changes in many upland forests of the western United States, but little is known about the impacts on riparian forests, portions of the landscape protected for habitat and water quality. For this study, I characterized the historic disturbance and tree recruitment processes of riparian forests in southwestern Oregon. I identified the ways in which riparian forest structure and composition have changed over the past 100 to 150 years, with a particular focus on the effects of fire exclusion. I used dendro-ecological methods to analyze tree ring data collected in riparian forest stands of two vegetation types in the Rogue River basin of southwestern Oregon: the mesic 'Mixed Conifer' zone (Pinus-Pseudotsuga-Calocedrus-Abies) and the more xeric 'Interior Valley' zone (Pinus-Quercus-Pseudotsuga). My results suggest riparian forests in both vegetation zones developed with frequent disturbance by fire and that, since fire has been excluded, these forests have entered a new successional trajectory. In the Mixed Conifer zone, tree recruitment in the pre-settlement period appears to have been driven by the interaction between climatic fluctuations and mixed-severity fires, which historically maintained multi-aged stands of shade-intolerant species. Patches of highseverity fire within the mixed-severity matrix created large canopy gaps (>30 m in diameter) in which new cohorts of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) could establish within existing stands and perpetuate Douglas-fir overstory dominance. Tree recruitment appears to have been closely linked Since fire exclusion became effective, there has been an increase in tree density and a shift toward the establishment of white fir (Abies concolor), a fire-sensitive, shade-tolerant species. In the Interior Valley zone, riparian forests were most likely shaped by a low-severity fire regime. Frequent fires likely killed most tree seedlings and maintained open savannas or woodlands with shade-intolerant hardwoods and scattered, open-grown conifers. Fire exclusion in the Interior Valley zone has resulted in exceptionally high survival rates in Douglas-fir recruited during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This led to the establishment of a closed-canopy conifer forest with fewer shade-intolerant hardwoods, which are an important source of food and habitat for wildlife. My findings suggest future management guidelines for riparian forests in fire-prone forests of the Pacific Northwest should consider the substantial and potentially undesirable ecological effects of the current hands-off management policy in riparian forests. Future proposals to attempt restoration of pre-settlement forest structure and composition in upland forests should also consider including restoration treatments within adjoining riparian forests. Close

• 5. [Article] Region-Wide Ecological Responses of Arid Wyoming Big Sagebrush Communities to Fuel Treatments

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Society ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Region-Wide Ecological Responses of Arid Wyoming Big Sagebrush Communities to Fuel Treatments Author: Doescher, Paul S., Shaff, Scott E., Lindgren, Andrew I., et al., Pyke, David A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Society for Range Management and can be found at: http://www.bioone.org/loi/rama. Title: Region-Wide Ecological Responses of Arid Wyoming Big Sagebrush Communities to Fuel Treatments Author: Doescher, Paul S., Shaff, Scott E., Lindgren, Andrew I., et al., Pyke, David A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Society for Range Management and can be found at: http://www.bioone.org/loi/rama. Close

• 6. [Article] Recovering Lost Ground : Effects of Soil Burn Intensity on Nutrients and Ectomycorrhiza Communities of Ponderosa Pine Seedlings

  Fuel accumulation and climate shifts are predicted to increase the frequency of high-severity fires in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) forests of central Oregon. The combustion of fuels ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Recovering Lost Ground : Effects of Soil Burn Intensity on Nutrients and Ectomycorrhiza Communities of Ponderosa Pine Seedlings Author: Cowan, Ariel D. Fuel accumulation and climate shifts are predicted to increase the frequency of high-severity fires in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) forests of central Oregon. The combustion of fuels containing large downed wood can result in intense soil heating, alteration of soil properties, and mortality of microbes. Previous studies show ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) improve ponderosa seedling establishment after fire but did not compare EMF communities at different levels of soil burn intensity in a field setting. For this study, soil burn intensity effects on nutrients and EMF communities were compared at Pringle Falls Experimental Forest, La Pine, Oregon. Twelve replicate sites were used, each with three treatments: high intensity soil burn (HB), low intensity soil burn (LB), and unburned control (UB). The combustion of downed logs stacked together, simulating a large downed log, was used to apply HB treatments. Broadcast burning of pre-existing ground fuels was used to apply LB treatments. Temperatures lethal to fungi were recorded at 0-cm, 5-cm, and 10-cm depths in HB soils and 0-cm depth in LB soils. Ponderosa pine seedlings planted post-burn were harvested after four months for EMF root tip analysis. We found: a) greater differences in soil nutrients in HB soils compared to LB and UB soils; b) no differences in EMF richness and diversity; c) weak differences in community composition based on relative abundance between UB and burn treatments; and d) EMF composition in HB and LB treatments correlated with low carbon and organic matter contents. These results confirm the combustion of large downed wood can alter the soil environment beneath it. However, an EMF community similar to LB soils recolonized HB soils within one growing season. We theorize that quick initiation of EMF communities is possible depending on the size of high burn patches, proximity of low and unburned soil, and survival of nearby hosts. The importance of incorporating mixed fire effects in fuel management practices will help to provide EMF refugia for ponderosa pine forest recovery and regeneration. Title: Recovering Lost Ground : Effects of Soil Burn Intensity on Nutrients and Ectomycorrhiza Communities of Ponderosa Pine Seedlings Author: Cowan, Ariel D. Fuel accumulation and climate shifts are predicted to increase the frequency of high-severity fires in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) forests of central Oregon. The combustion of fuels containing large downed wood can result in intense soil heating, alteration of soil properties, and mortality of microbes. Previous studies show ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) improve ponderosa seedling establishment after fire but did not compare EMF communities at different levels of soil burn intensity in a field setting. For this study, soil burn intensity effects on nutrients and EMF communities were compared at Pringle Falls Experimental Forest, La Pine, Oregon. Twelve replicate sites were used, each with three treatments: high intensity soil burn (HB), low intensity soil burn (LB), and unburned control (UB). The combustion of downed logs stacked together, simulating a large downed log, was used to apply HB treatments. Broadcast burning of pre-existing ground fuels was used to apply LB treatments. Temperatures lethal to fungi were recorded at 0-cm, 5-cm, and 10-cm depths in HB soils and 0-cm depth in LB soils. Ponderosa pine seedlings planted post-burn were harvested after four months for EMF root tip analysis. We found: a) greater differences in soil nutrients in HB soils compared to LB and UB soils; b) no differences in EMF richness and diversity; c) weak differences in community composition based on relative abundance between UB and burn treatments; and d) EMF composition in HB and LB treatments correlated with low carbon and organic matter contents. These results confirm the combustion of large downed wood can alter the soil environment beneath it. However, an EMF community similar to LB soils recolonized HB soils within one growing season. We theorize that quick initiation of EMF communities is possible depending on the size of high burn patches, proximity of low and unburned soil, and survival of nearby hosts. The importance of incorporating mixed fire effects in fuel management practices will help to provide EMF refugia for ponderosa pine forest recovery and regeneration. Close

• 7. [Article] Complexity of food web interactions in a large mammal system

  Food webs consist of a combination of bottom-up (resource-driven) and top-down (predator-driven) effects. The strength of these effects depends on the context in which they occur. I investigated food web ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Complexity of food web interactions in a large mammal system Author: Eisenberg, Cristina Food webs consist of a combination of bottom-up (resource-driven) and top-down (predator-driven) effects. The strength of these effects depends on the context in which they occur. I investigated food web (trophic) relationships between wolf (Canis lupus) predation, elk (Cervus elaphus) herbivory, aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux) recruitment, and fire. The study setting, in the central portion of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem, spans the US/Canada border and encompasses Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana and Waterton Lakes National Park (WLNP), Alberta. I stratified my observations across three spatially distinct areas, the North Fork Valley, in the western portion of GNP; the Waterton Valley, in the eastern portion of WLNP; and the Saint Mary Valley, in the eastern portion of GNP. All valleys are elk winter range (low-lying grasslands with patches of aspen). The valleys have three different observed wolf population levels (Saint Mary: low; Waterton: moderate; North Fork: high), which represent three levels of long-term predation risk (the probability of an elk encountering a wolf). Ecological characteristics (e.g., climate, soils, elevation, plant associations) are comparable among valleys. Fire has occurred in 90% of the North Fork. My objective was to examine the relative influence of bottom-up (fire) and top-down (predation risk) factors and the context-dependence of these relationships via data gathered during a three-year time span. I found complex elk responses to bottom-up and top-down factors that could influence habitat use by elk. Pellet transect data demonstrated that elk exhibited the same risk reduction behavior at all wolf population levels, even at very low levels. Predation risk variables that provided impediments to detecting or escaping wolves had a similar and negative influence on occurrence of elk (pellet piles), regardless of wolf population density. Fire had a negative effect on elk density and a positive effect on wolf density (per scat piles) in aspen communities where a high wolf population existed. Aspen cover, which may be riskier than open grassland, also had a negative effect on elk density, except at very high wolf levels without fire. The risk of wolf predation alone did not drive elk behavior. Conversely, focal animal (elk vigilance behavior) data suggested a positive relationship between wolf population and elk vigilance. However, when I deconstructed vigilance, elk demonstrated complex, context-dependent adaptive behavior in response to the long-term risk of predation by wolves. Commonly identified drivers of elk vigilance (group size, impediments to wolf detection and escape) appeared to be important drivers at an intermediate level of long-term predation risk (e.g., Waterton). These drivers ceased to function in this manner when the long-term predation risk level increased (The North Fork). At high levels of long-term predation risk, vigilance was high, but not driven by these common factors. In some cases, the relationship between vigilance and risk factors was reversed (e.g., group size). And at a low level of long-term predation risk (Saint Mary), elk did not respond to these drivers of vigilance. When I measured aspen demography (browse, recruitment), browse was lower in the North Fork, where there was a high wolf population, suggesting a top-down effect. However, I found low aspen recruitment in the absence of fire in all valleys, which indicates a bottom-up effect in that aspen is highly fire-dependent. Top-down predictors of aspen recruitment (e.g., plot position and stand size, which are related to predation risk) had no effect on browse levels regardless of wolf population level. In sum, the risk of wolf predation alone did not drive the food web relationships I observed. Bottom-up and top-down forces worked together in valleys that contained well-established wolf populations, and to a lesser degree in a valley with a low wolf population. Commonly used measures of predation risk responses (e.g., vigilance) reversed their relationship as the wolf population increased. Low aspen recruitment in the absence of fire demonstrates the importance of bottom-up effects. Bottom-up and top-down effects may be important joint engineers of aspen communities. My findings invite deeper inquiry into the interaction between bottom-up and top-down effects in large mammal systems. Title: Complexity of food web interactions in a large mammal system Author: Eisenberg, Cristina Food webs consist of a combination of bottom-up (resource-driven) and top-down (predator-driven) effects. The strength of these effects depends on the context in which they occur. I investigated food web (trophic) relationships between wolf (Canis lupus) predation, elk (Cervus elaphus) herbivory, aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux) recruitment, and fire. The study setting, in the central portion of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem, spans the US/Canada border and encompasses Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana and Waterton Lakes National Park (WLNP), Alberta. I stratified my observations across three spatially distinct areas, the North Fork Valley, in the western portion of GNP; the Waterton Valley, in the eastern portion of WLNP; and the Saint Mary Valley, in the eastern portion of GNP. All valleys are elk winter range (low-lying grasslands with patches of aspen). The valleys have three different observed wolf population levels (Saint Mary: low; Waterton: moderate; North Fork: high), which represent three levels of long-term predation risk (the probability of an elk encountering a wolf). Ecological characteristics (e.g., climate, soils, elevation, plant associations) are comparable among valleys. Fire has occurred in 90% of the North Fork. My objective was to examine the relative influence of bottom-up (fire) and top-down (predation risk) factors and the context-dependence of these relationships via data gathered during a three-year time span. I found complex elk responses to bottom-up and top-down factors that could influence habitat use by elk. Pellet transect data demonstrated that elk exhibited the same risk reduction behavior at all wolf population levels, even at very low levels. Predation risk variables that provided impediments to detecting or escaping wolves had a similar and negative influence on occurrence of elk (pellet piles), regardless of wolf population density. Fire had a negative effect on elk density and a positive effect on wolf density (per scat piles) in aspen communities where a high wolf population existed. Aspen cover, which may be riskier than open grassland, also had a negative effect on elk density, except at very high wolf levels without fire. The risk of wolf predation alone did not drive elk behavior. Conversely, focal animal (elk vigilance behavior) data suggested a positive relationship between wolf population and elk vigilance. However, when I deconstructed vigilance, elk demonstrated complex, context-dependent adaptive behavior in response to the long-term risk of predation by wolves. Commonly identified drivers of elk vigilance (group size, impediments to wolf detection and escape) appeared to be important drivers at an intermediate level of long-term predation risk (e.g., Waterton). These drivers ceased to function in this manner when the long-term predation risk level increased (The North Fork). At high levels of long-term predation risk, vigilance was high, but not driven by these common factors. In some cases, the relationship between vigilance and risk factors was reversed (e.g., group size). And at a low level of long-term predation risk (Saint Mary), elk did not respond to these drivers of vigilance. When I measured aspen demography (browse, recruitment), browse was lower in the North Fork, where there was a high wolf population, suggesting a top-down effect. However, I found low aspen recruitment in the absence of fire in all valleys, which indicates a bottom-up effect in that aspen is highly fire-dependent. Top-down predictors of aspen recruitment (e.g., plot position and stand size, which are related to predation risk) had no effect on browse levels regardless of wolf population level. In sum, the risk of wolf predation alone did not drive the food web relationships I observed. Bottom-up and top-down forces worked together in valleys that contained well-established wolf populations, and to a lesser degree in a valley with a low wolf population. Commonly used measures of predation risk responses (e.g., vigilance) reversed their relationship as the wolf population increased. Low aspen recruitment in the absence of fire demonstrates the importance of bottom-up effects. Bottom-up and top-down effects may be important joint engineers of aspen communities. My findings invite deeper inquiry into the interaction between bottom-up and top-down effects in large mammal systems. Close

• 8. [Article] Comparing Ectomycorrhizal Communities of Understory Giant Chinquapin (Chrysolepis chrysophylla) and Overstory Pinaceae Trees in a Mixed Conifer Forest in Central Oregon

  Giant chinquapin (Chrysolepis chrysophylla) is an evergreen hardwood often found as a shrubby understory component of coniferous forests in the Pacific Northwest United States. Due to its ability to sprout ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Comparing Ectomycorrhizal Communities of Understory Giant Chinquapin (Chrysolepis chrysophylla) and Overstory Pinaceae Trees in a Mixed Conifer Forest in Central Oregon Author: Longway, Lucas J. Giant chinquapin (Chrysolepis chrysophylla) is an evergreen hardwood often found as a shrubby understory component of coniferous forests in the Pacific Northwest United States. Due to its ability to sprout quickly after disturbances such as fire and logging it is often viewed as a pest by forest managers. Like its associated overstory conifers, giant chinquapin forms ectomycorrhizae. However, the ectomycorrhizal fungus communities associated with giant chinquapin found in the Pacific Northwest have not been investigated. To further explore giant chinquapin's ecological roles in central Oregon's forests we compare ectomycorrhizal communities associated with giant chinquapin and co-occurring overstory Pinaceae trees in the Pringle Falls Experimental Forest, central Oregon. Ectomycorrhizal communities of Pinaceae trees had a greater taxa richness than those found associated with giant chinquapin. However, 57% (8 of 14) of the taxa found in 31% (5/16) of study areas on Pinaceae trees were found associated with giant chinquapin. Four taxa (Cenococcum geophilum 1 & 2, Piloderma 2, Byssoccorticium 1), likely important for host water and nutrient access, were found in 31% of study areas associated with both chinquapin and Pinaceae hosts. Sixty-four percent (23 of 36) of the ectomycorrhizal taxa found on giant chinquapin associated with Pinaceae trees and every genus associated with giant chinquapin in our study has been reported to form ectomycorrhizae with Pinaceae trees in this or other studies. Based on these results, it is likely that giant chinquapin is supporting a subset of the ectomycorrhizal community associated with Pinaceae hosts. Giant chinquapin, with its ability to quickly sprout after disturbance, could be beneficial to local conifer seedlings as a source of ectomycorrhizal innoculum should overstory conifers decrease as a a result of a stand replacing disturbance. Title: Comparing Ectomycorrhizal Communities of Understory Giant Chinquapin (Chrysolepis chrysophylla) and Overstory Pinaceae Trees in a Mixed Conifer Forest in Central Oregon Author: Longway, Lucas J. Giant chinquapin (Chrysolepis chrysophylla) is an evergreen hardwood often found as a shrubby understory component of coniferous forests in the Pacific Northwest United States. Due to its ability to sprout quickly after disturbances such as fire and logging it is often viewed as a pest by forest managers. Like its associated overstory conifers, giant chinquapin forms ectomycorrhizae. However, the ectomycorrhizal fungus communities associated with giant chinquapin found in the Pacific Northwest have not been investigated. To further explore giant chinquapin's ecological roles in central Oregon's forests we compare ectomycorrhizal communities associated with giant chinquapin and co-occurring overstory Pinaceae trees in the Pringle Falls Experimental Forest, central Oregon. Ectomycorrhizal communities of Pinaceae trees had a greater taxa richness than those found associated with giant chinquapin. However, 57% (8 of 14) of the taxa found in 31% (5/16) of study areas on Pinaceae trees were found associated with giant chinquapin. Four taxa (Cenococcum geophilum 1 & 2, Piloderma 2, Byssoccorticium 1), likely important for host water and nutrient access, were found in 31% of study areas associated with both chinquapin and Pinaceae hosts. Sixty-four percent (23 of 36) of the ectomycorrhizal taxa found on giant chinquapin associated with Pinaceae trees and every genus associated with giant chinquapin in our study has been reported to form ectomycorrhizae with Pinaceae trees in this or other studies. Based on these results, it is likely that giant chinquapin is supporting a subset of the ectomycorrhizal community associated with Pinaceae hosts. Giant chinquapin, with its ability to quickly sprout after disturbance, could be beneficial to local conifer seedlings as a source of ectomycorrhizal innoculum should overstory conifers decrease as a a result of a stand replacing disturbance. Close

• 9. [Article] The impact of climate change on California’s ecosystem services

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Springer ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The impact of climate change on California’s ecosystem services Author: Lenihan, James, MacKenzie, Jason, Klausmeyer, Kirk, Shaw, M. Rebecca, Cameron, D. Richard, Bratman, Gregrory N., Morris, Belinda, Daly, Christopher, Haunreiter, Erik, Pendleton, Linwood, Bachelet, Dominique, Conklin, David R., Roehrdanz, Patrick R. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Springer and can be found at: http://www.springer.com/?SGWID=0-102-0-0-0 Title: The impact of climate change on California’s ecosystem services Author: Lenihan, James, MacKenzie, Jason, Klausmeyer, Kirk, Shaw, M. Rebecca, Cameron, D. Richard, Bratman, Gregrory N., Morris, Belinda, Daly, Christopher, Haunreiter, Erik, Pendleton, Linwood, Bachelet, Dominique, Conklin, David R., Roehrdanz, Patrick R. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Springer and can be found at: http://www.springer.com/?SGWID=0-102-0-0-0 Close

• 10. [Article] A Landsat time series approach to characterize bark beetle and defoliator impacts on tree mortality and surface fuels in conifer forests

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Landsat time series approach to characterize bark beetle and defoliator impacts on tree mortality and surface fuels in conifer forests Author: Meigs, Garrett W., Cohen, Warren B., Kennedy, Robert E. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Title: A Landsat time series approach to characterize bark beetle and defoliator impacts on tree mortality and surface fuels in conifer forests Author: Meigs, Garrett W., Cohen, Warren B., Kennedy, Robert E. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Close