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• 1. [Article] (Re)Presenting Peoples and Storied Lands: Public Presentation of Archaeology and Representation of Native Americans in Selected Western U.S. Protected Areas

  Every year, hundreds of thousands of people visit the Native American ancestral lands in the western United States developed for tourism and recreation. The stewards of these lands seek to engage visitors ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: (Re)Presenting Peoples and Storied Lands: Public Presentation of Archaeology and Representation of Native Americans in Selected Western U.S. Protected Areas Author: Survant, Cerinda Year: 2016 Every year, hundreds of thousands of people visit the Native American ancestral lands in the western United States developed for tourism and recreation. The stewards of these lands seek to engage visitors and enrich their experience, and simultaneously to protect the lands' natural and cultural resources. To achieve their mission, protected areas regularly use interpretation -- materials and experiences that aim to educate visitors about resources and see them as personally meaningful. However, there is little literature on interpretive content in protected areas, few qualitative studies of interpretation as constructed by visitors and interpreters, and little literature on the representation of Native Americans in museums and protected areas. I consider the public presentation of archaeology at exemplary protected areas in the U.S. Southwest and Great Basin within a theoretical framework of governmentality and representation. Within a mixed-method research design, this project used participant-observation at thirteen protected area locales to identify interpretive content and representational strategies, and semi-structured interviews with 31 individuals to elicit staff and visitors' understandings of interpretation and display. This research found three types of narratives in the interpretation sampled-- scientific narratives, cultural narratives, and management messages. In general, scientific narratives appeared more frequently than cultural narratives and both appeared more frequently than management messages. Archaeology dominated scientific narratives, cultural continuity dominated cultural narratives, and orientation dominated management messages. In general, archaeology appeared with greater relative frequency than any other component of interpretive content. This study also found that interpretation predominantly adopted a third-person omniscient point of view and represented people predominantly in the ancient past. This study has both academic and applied outcomes. The work aims to contribute to the scant body of literature on interpretive content in protected areas stewarding natural and cultural resources, the few qualitative studies of interpretation as constructed by visitors and interpreters, and the existing literature on the representation of Native Americans in museums and protected areas as well as informing future interpretive practice. These findings inform a report on contemporary interpretive practice and recommendations for the public presentation of archaeology delivered to the US Fish and Wildlife Service in December 2013. Title: (Re)Presenting Peoples and Storied Lands: Public Presentation of Archaeology and Representation of Native Americans in Selected Western U.S. Protected Areas Author: Survant, Cerinda Year: 2016 Every year, hundreds of thousands of people visit the Native American ancestral lands in the western United States developed for tourism and recreation. The stewards of these lands seek to engage visitors and enrich their experience, and simultaneously to protect the lands' natural and cultural resources. To achieve their mission, protected areas regularly use interpretation -- materials and experiences that aim to educate visitors about resources and see them as personally meaningful. However, there is little literature on interpretive content in protected areas, few qualitative studies of interpretation as constructed by visitors and interpreters, and little literature on the representation of Native Americans in museums and protected areas. I consider the public presentation of archaeology at exemplary protected areas in the U.S. Southwest and Great Basin within a theoretical framework of governmentality and representation. Within a mixed-method research design, this project used participant-observation at thirteen protected area locales to identify interpretive content and representational strategies, and semi-structured interviews with 31 individuals to elicit staff and visitors' understandings of interpretation and display. This research found three types of narratives in the interpretation sampled-- scientific narratives, cultural narratives, and management messages. In general, scientific narratives appeared more frequently than cultural narratives and both appeared more frequently than management messages. Archaeology dominated scientific narratives, cultural continuity dominated cultural narratives, and orientation dominated management messages. In general, archaeology appeared with greater relative frequency than any other component of interpretive content. This study also found that interpretation predominantly adopted a third-person omniscient point of view and represented people predominantly in the ancient past. This study has both academic and applied outcomes. The work aims to contribute to the scant body of literature on interpretive content in protected areas stewarding natural and cultural resources, the few qualitative studies of interpretation as constructed by visitors and interpreters, and the existing literature on the representation of Native Americans in museums and protected areas as well as informing future interpretive practice. These findings inform a report on contemporary interpretive practice and recommendations for the public presentation of archaeology delivered to the US Fish and Wildlife Service in December 2013. Close

• 2. [Article] Album 14, Photo #44

  “Wings over Jordan” African American a capella group promotional photo; on back of photo: “from Mrs. Blackburn”

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 14, Photo #44 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1942 “Wings over Jordan” African American a capella group promotional photo; on back of photo: “from Mrs. Blackburn” Title: Album 14, Photo #44 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1942 “Wings over Jordan” African American a capella group promotional photo; on back of photo: “from Mrs. Blackburn” Close

• 3. [Article] Album 14, Photo #27

  African American Elks Club, Billy Webb Lodge, #1050, Otto Rutherford, 1959

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 14, Photo #27 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1959 African American Elks Club, Billy Webb Lodge, #1050, Otto Rutherford, 1959 Title: Album 14, Photo #27 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1959 African American Elks Club, Billy Webb Lodge, #1050, Otto Rutherford, 1959 Close

• 4. [Article] Album 15, Photo #29

  Will Rutherford, brother of Otto, aged 14 years

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 15, Photo #29 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1922 Will Rutherford, brother of Otto, aged 14 years Title: Album 15, Photo #29 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1922 Will Rutherford, brother of Otto, aged 14 years Close

• 5. [Article] Album 15, Photo #19

  From back of photo: "Billy Rutherford, Columbia, SC, age 12, grade 7, To Uncle Will"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 15, Photo #19 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1953 From back of photo: "Billy Rutherford, Columbia, SC, age 12, grade 7, To Uncle Will" Title: Album 15, Photo #19 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1953 From back of photo: "Billy Rutherford, Columbia, SC, age 12, grade 7, To Uncle Will" Close

• 6. [Article] Album 15, Photo #06

  Rutherford home in Columbia, SC

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 15, Photo #06 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1897 Rutherford home in Columbia, SC Title: Album 15, Photo #06 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1897 Rutherford home in Columbia, SC Close

• 7. [Article] Album 15, Photo #03

  Lottie White Rutherford, mother to Otto Rutherford

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 15, Photo #03 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1898 Lottie White Rutherford, mother to Otto Rutherford Title: Album 15, Photo #03 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1898 Lottie White Rutherford, mother to Otto Rutherford Close

• 8. [Article] Album 15, Photo #22

  "George Hardin: Portland's First Black Policeman"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 15, Photo #22 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1894 "George Hardin: Portland's First Black Policeman" Title: Album 15, Photo #22 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1894 "George Hardin: Portland's First Black Policeman" Close

• 9. [Article] Album 15, Photo #18

  Portrait

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 15, Photo #18 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1926 Portrait Title: Album 15, Photo #18 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1926 Portrait Close

• 10. [Article] Album 15, Photo #14

  W.H. Rutherford, Sr.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 15, Photo #14 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1898 W.H. Rutherford, Sr. Title: Album 15, Photo #14 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1898 W.H. Rutherford, Sr. Close

• 11. [Article] Album 15, Photo #08

  Otto Rutherford, 1931, age 21

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 15, Photo #08 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1931 Otto Rutherford, 1931, age 21 Title: Album 15, Photo #08 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1931 Otto Rutherford, 1931, age 21 Close

• 12. [Article] Album 15, Photo #01

  W.H. Rutherford at work in barbershop in Columbia, SC, 1899

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 15, Photo #01 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1899 W.H. Rutherford at work in barbershop in Columbia, SC, 1899 Title: Album 15, Photo #01 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1899 W.H. Rutherford at work in barbershop in Columbia, SC, 1899 Close

• 13. [Article] Album 2, Photo #33

  Children's portraits

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 2, Photo #33 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1914 Children's portraits Title: Album 2, Photo #33 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1914 Children's portraits Close

• 14. [Article] Album 15, Photo #30

  From back of photo: “Earl W. Burdine, shop in Oklahoma where he worked, 1910”

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 15, Photo #30 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1910 From back of photo: “Earl W. Burdine, shop in Oklahoma where he worked, 1910” Title: Album 15, Photo #30 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1910 From back of photo: “Earl W. Burdine, shop in Oklahoma where he worked, 1910” Close

• 15. [Article] Album 15, Photo #28

  Otto Rutherford portrait, c. 1930s

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 15, Photo #28 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1936 Otto Rutherford portrait, c. 1930s Title: Album 15, Photo #28 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1936 Otto Rutherford portrait, c. 1930s Close

• 16. [Article] Album 15, Photo #24

  Rutherford Brothers Gents Furnishings, 393 NW Flanders St. From back of photo: May 1, 1910, Portland Ore, Shop No 1".

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 15, Photo #24 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1910 Rutherford Brothers Gents Furnishings, 393 NW Flanders St. From back of photo: May 1, 1910, Portland Ore, Shop No 1". Title: Album 15, Photo #24 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1910 Rutherford Brothers Gents Furnishings, 393 NW Flanders St. From back of photo: May 1, 1910, Portland Ore, Shop No 1". Close

• 17. [Article] Album 15, Photo #20

  W.H. and Allen Rutherford, brothers to Otto. From back of photo: "W.H., 5 yrs 8 months, Allen Douglas, 3 yrs 2 months"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 15, Photo #20 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1919 W.H. and Allen Rutherford, brothers to Otto. From back of photo: "W.H., 5 yrs 8 months, Allen Douglas, 3 yrs 2 months" Title: Album 15, Photo #20 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1919 W.H. and Allen Rutherford, brothers to Otto. From back of photo: "W.H., 5 yrs 8 months, Allen Douglas, 3 yrs 2 months" Close

• 18. [Article] Album 15, Photo #17

  Mamie Goodwin

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 15, Photo #17 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1930 Mamie Goodwin Title: Album 15, Photo #17 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1930 Mamie Goodwin Close

• 19. [Article] Album 15, Photo #10

  Duplicate of Page 9 with photography studio/location

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 15, Photo #10 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1891 Duplicate of Page 9 with photography studio/location Title: Album 15, Photo #10 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1891 Duplicate of Page 9 with photography studio/location Close

• 20. [Article] Album 1, Photo #02

  "Sis and Husband"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #02 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1921 "Sis and Husband" Title: Album 1, Photo #02 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1921 "Sis and Husband" Close

• 21. [Article] Album 1, Photo #18

  5 photos, unidentified

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #18 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1920 5 photos, unidentified Title: Album 1, Photo #18 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1920 5 photos, unidentified Close

• 22. [Article] Album 1, Photo #65

  Swimming & leisure outings

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #65 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1928 Swimming & leisure outings Title: Album 1, Photo #65 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1928 Swimming & leisure outings Close

• 23. [Article] Album 1, Photo #62

  Swimming and leisure outings

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #62 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1920 Swimming and leisure outings Title: Album 1, Photo #62 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1920 Swimming and leisure outings Close

• 24. [Article] Album 1, Photo #82

  A seaside outing

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #82 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1926 A seaside outing Title: Album 1, Photo #82 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1926 A seaside outing Close

• 25. [Article] Album 1, Photo #12

  Tawawa Tennis Club members: "Jennie, Dora, Mozella, Barbara, Joe"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #12 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1902 Tawawa Tennis Club members: "Jennie, Dora, Mozella, Barbara, Joe" Title: Album 1, Photo #12 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1902 Tawawa Tennis Club members: "Jennie, Dora, Mozella, Barbara, Joe" Close

• 26. [Article] Album 1, Photo #51

  Young people in formal attire

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #51 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1922 Young people in formal attire Title: Album 1, Photo #51 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1922 Young people in formal attire Close

• 27. [Article] Album 1, Photo #33

  "Victoria, B.C., Summer 1923"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #33 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1923 "Victoria, B.C., Summer 1923" Title: Album 1, Photo #33 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1923 "Victoria, B.C., Summer 1923" Close

• 28. [Article] Album 1, Photo #00 Inside Front Cover

  Inside front cover portrait

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #00 Inside Front Cover Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1930 Inside front cover portrait Title: Album 1, Photo #00 Inside Front Cover Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1930 Inside front cover portrait Close

• 29. [Article] Album 1, Photo #69

  Leisure activities

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #69 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1925 Leisure activities Title: Album 1, Photo #69 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1925 Leisure activities Close

• 30. [Article] Album 1, Photo #78

  A seaside outing

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #78 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1925 A seaside outing Title: Album 1, Photo #78 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1925 A seaside outing Close

• 31. [Article] Album 1, Photo #08

  2 photos: "Clatile Curry" & "Lucy Williams"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #08 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1920 2 photos: "Clatile Curry" & "Lucy Williams" Title: Album 1, Photo #08 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1920 2 photos: "Clatile Curry" & "Lucy Williams" Close

• 32. [Article] Album 1, Photo #63

  Golf and leisure outings

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #63 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1924 Golf and leisure outings Title: Album 1, Photo #63 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1924 Golf and leisure outings Close

• 33. [Article] Album 1, Photo #58

  Informal portraits; 3rd photo from left: "Tacoma"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #58 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1926 Informal portraits; 3rd photo from left: "Tacoma" Title: Album 1, Photo #58 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1926 Informal portraits; 3rd photo from left: "Tacoma" Close

• 34. [Article] Album 1, Photo #39

  3 photos: unidendified building; "Richard" in baseball uniform; Idris

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #39 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1921 3 photos: unidendified building; "Richard" in baseball uniform; Idris Title: Album 1, Photo #39 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1921 3 photos: unidendified building; "Richard" in baseball uniform; Idris Close

• 35. [Article] Album 1, Photo #21

  "Merrill"; "Claudine [missing photo]"; "The Gang"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #21 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1908 "Merrill"; "Claudine [missing photo]"; "The Gang" Title: Album 1, Photo #21 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1908 "Merrill"; "Claudine [missing photo]"; "The Gang" Close

• 36. [Article] Album 1, Photo #77

  A seaside outing

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #77 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1925 A seaside outing Title: Album 1, Photo #77 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1925 A seaside outing Close

• 37. [Article] Album 1, Photo #81

  Unidentified portraits

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #81 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1928 Unidentified portraits Title: Album 1, Photo #81 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1928 Unidentified portraits Close

• 38. [Article] Album 1, Photo #11

  4 photos: "Ted Harper", Tennis club members, photographer, cut-out portrait

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #11 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1905 4 photos: "Ted Harper", Tennis club members, photographer, cut-out portrait Title: Album 1, Photo #11 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1905 4 photos: "Ted Harper", Tennis club members, photographer, cut-out portrait Close

• 39. [Article] Album 1, Photo #04

  Children, including Allen Rutherford

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #04 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1901 Children, including Allen Rutherford Title: Album 1, Photo #04 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1901 Children, including Allen Rutherford Close

• 40. [Article] Album 1, Photo #90

  Vernell (nee Rutherford) & Edward Watson social news clippings

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #90 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1920 Vernell (nee Rutherford) & Edward Watson social news clippings Title: Album 1, Photo #90 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1920 Vernell (nee Rutherford) & Edward Watson social news clippings Close

• 41. [Article] Album 1, Photo #73

  Leisure activities

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #73 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1925 Leisure activities Title: Album 1, Photo #73 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1925 Leisure activities Close

• 42. [Article] Album 1, Photo #87

  Wedding announcement clippings

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #87 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1923 Wedding announcement clippings Title: Album 1, Photo #87 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1923 Wedding announcement clippings Close

• 43. [Article] Album 1, Photo #28

  4 photos: "Clarence Jackson"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #28 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1918 4 photos: "Clarence Jackson" Title: Album 1, Photo #28 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1918 4 photos: "Clarence Jackson" Close

• 44. [Article] Album 1, Photo #32

  Left: "Jennie Dora, Otheida, & MC" Right: "On Oswego Lake" "Jennie, Barbara, MC"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #32 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1921 Left: "Jennie Dora, Otheida, & MC" Right: "On Oswego Lake" "Jennie, Barbara, MC" Title: Album 1, Photo #32 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1921 Left: "Jennie Dora, Otheida, & MC" Right: "On Oswego Lake" "Jennie, Barbara, MC" Close

• 45. [Article] Album 1, Photo #38

  Streetcar with passengers, "See Vancouver: 50c fare"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #38 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1920 Streetcar with passengers, "See Vancouver: 50c fare" Title: Album 1, Photo #38 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1920 Streetcar with passengers, "See Vancouver: 50c fare" Close

• 46. [Article] Album 1, Photo #75

  A seaside outing

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #75 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1924 A seaside outing Title: Album 1, Photo #75 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1924 A seaside outing Close

• 47. [Article] Album 1, Photo #50

  5 photos, clockwise from top left: "Paul Scott, age 18 mos."; "Aunt Mag"; "Paul"; "Aun Lou"; "Margaret"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #50 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1923 5 photos, clockwise from top left: "Paul Scott, age 18 mos."; "Aunt Mag"; "Paul"; "Aun Lou"; "Margaret" Title: Album 1, Photo #50 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1923 5 photos, clockwise from top left: "Paul Scott, age 18 mos."; "Aunt Mag"; "Paul"; "Aun Lou"; "Margaret" Close

• 48. [Article] Album 1, Photo #48

  Blank album page

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #48 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1900 Blank album page Title: Album 1, Photo #48 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1900 Blank album page Close

• 49. [Article] Album 1, Photo #26

  4 photos, unidentified: young adults

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #26 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1919 4 photos, unidentified: young adults Title: Album 1, Photo #26 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1919 4 photos, unidentified: young adults Close

• 50. [Article] Album 1, Photo #31

  4 photos, clockwise from left: "Idris & Otheida"; "Leon, Jennie, Otheida, Russie, Alberta, Idris"; "Otheida & Richard"; "Richard, Jennie, Duncan, Idris, Otheida, Duke, Russie & MC"

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #31 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1922 4 photos, clockwise from left: "Idris & Otheida"; "Leon, Jennie, Otheida, Russie, Alberta, Idris"; "Otheida & Richard"; "Richard, Jennie, Duncan, Idris, Otheida, Duke, Russie & MC" Title: Album 1, Photo #31 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 1922 4 photos, clockwise from left: "Idris & Otheida"; "Leon, Jennie, Otheida, Russie, Alberta, Idris"; "Otheida & Richard"; "Richard, Jennie, Duncan, Idris, Otheida, Duke, Russie & MC" Close