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• 241. [Article] Album 14, Photo #40

  NAACP Youth Group. From back of photo: "Benna Dean Plummer, Rodella Meller, Harriet Johnson, Garland Thompson, Gawen Campbell, Sam Whitney, Betty Lou Miller, Joan Johnson, Sirlene Bagley, Evelyn Mucklenay, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 14, Photo #40 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1948 NAACP Youth Group. From back of photo: "Benna Dean Plummer, Rodella Meller, Harriet Johnson, Garland Thompson, Gawen Campbell, Sam Whitney, Betty Lou Miller, Joan Johnson, Sirlene Bagley, Evelyn Mucklenay, Fanny Whitney, Warren Washington" Title: Album 14, Photo #40 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1948 NAACP Youth Group. From back of photo: "Benna Dean Plummer, Rodella Meller, Harriet Johnson, Garland Thompson, Gawen Campbell, Sam Whitney, Betty Lou Miller, Joan Johnson, Sirlene Bagley, Evelyn Mucklenay, Fanny Whitney, Warren Washington" Close

• 242. [Article] Album 14, Photo #22

  Bethelete Club, 1942 Peace Table, Federation of Colored Women's Clubs (FCWC) event: Mary Turner, M. Day, Annabelle Harris, Serla Williams, Molly Duncan, Carrie Ingersoll, Jennie Holliday [Duplicate of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 14, Photo #22 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1942 Bethelete Club, 1942 Peace Table, Federation of Colored Women's Clubs (FCWC) event: Mary Turner, M. Day, Annabelle Harris, Serla Williams, Molly Duncan, Carrie Ingersoll, Jennie Holliday [Duplicate of Page 20] Title: Album 14, Photo #22 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1942 Bethelete Club, 1942 Peace Table, Federation of Colored Women's Clubs (FCWC) event: Mary Turner, M. Day, Annabelle Harris, Serla Williams, Molly Duncan, Carrie Ingersoll, Jennie Holliday [Duplicate of Page 20] Close

• 243. [Article] Album 14, Photo #42

  Clockwise from top left: 1. NAACP organizers: Oliver Smith, U. K. Dummer, Otto Rutherford, Edgar Williams, Thurgood Marshall, 1957. 2. Rose Bud Study Club float 3. "Edgar Williams, Geraldine, Daisy Williams" ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 14, Photo #42 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1957 Clockwise from top left: 1. NAACP organizers: Oliver Smith, U. K. Dummer, Otto Rutherford, Edgar Williams, Thurgood Marshall, 1957. 2. Rose Bud Study Club float 3. "Edgar Williams, Geraldine, Daisy Williams" 4.Oliver Smith, Otto, Edgar Williams, 1957. Title: Album 14, Photo #42 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1957 Clockwise from top left: 1. NAACP organizers: Oliver Smith, U. K. Dummer, Otto Rutherford, Edgar Williams, Thurgood Marshall, 1957. 2. Rose Bud Study Club float 3. "Edgar Williams, Geraldine, Daisy Williams" 4.Oliver Smith, Otto, Edgar Williams, 1957. Close

• 244. [Article] Album 14, Photo #41

  Caption: "Godfrey Ibom, Nigerian exchange student from the University of Oregon, presents proceeds from the first settlement under the Oregon Civil Rights Law to Miss Grace Choi, Korean exchange student ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 14, Photo #41 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1954 Caption: "Godfrey Ibom, Nigerian exchange student from the University of Oregon, presents proceeds from the first settlement under the Oregon Civil Rights Law to Miss Grace Choi, Korean exchange student for the University of Oregon Foreign Students' Service Fund and to Otto Rutherford, president of NAACP for its legal redress fund." Title: Album 14, Photo #41 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1954 Caption: "Godfrey Ibom, Nigerian exchange student from the University of Oregon, presents proceeds from the first settlement under the Oregon Civil Rights Law to Miss Grace Choi, Korean exchange student for the University of Oregon Foreign Students' Service Fund and to Otto Rutherford, president of NAACP for its legal redress fund." Close

• 245. [Article] Album 14, Photo #18

  Culture Club Mardi Gras to Benefit Scholarship Fund, May 12, 1941, Portland Women’s Club (1220 SW Taylor St). Royal Court: Joyce Hilliard, Rose Marie Brock, Phyllis Reynolds, Gertrude Williams, Betty Ann ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 14, Photo #18 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1941 Culture Club Mardi Gras to Benefit Scholarship Fund, May 12, 1941, Portland Women’s Club (1220 SW Taylor St). Royal Court: Joyce Hilliard, Rose Marie Brock, Phyllis Reynolds, Gertrude Williams, Betty Ann Rutherford, Ruby Minor Title: Album 14, Photo #18 Author: Rutherford Family Year: 1941 Culture Club Mardi Gras to Benefit Scholarship Fund, May 12, 1941, Portland Women’s Club (1220 SW Taylor St). Royal Court: Joyce Hilliard, Rose Marie Brock, Phyllis Reynolds, Gertrude Williams, Betty Ann Rutherford, Ruby Minor Close

• 246. [Article] Cultural Bias in the European Translations of Thomas More's Utopia

  Throughout history, the translators of Thomas More’s Utopia have altered the text to align with their religious, political, or national beliefs. This paper explores how cultural bias influenced the translations ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cultural Bias in the European Translations of Thomas More's Utopia Author: Folen, Alisa M. Year: 2017 Throughout history, the translators of Thomas More’s Utopia have altered the text to align with their religious, political, or national beliefs. This paper explores how cultural bias influenced the translations and paratexts of Utopia using examples from England, Germany, and Poland from the seventeenth century to the twentieth century. It examines the similarities and differences between the original text and the translated text by considering the social, political, and economic context of both. This paper demonstrates how Utopia is a powerful unit of analysis to study European cultures during the modern age. Title: Cultural Bias in the European Translations of Thomas More's Utopia Author: Folen, Alisa M. Year: 2017 Throughout history, the translators of Thomas More’s Utopia have altered the text to align with their religious, political, or national beliefs. This paper explores how cultural bias influenced the translations and paratexts of Utopia using examples from England, Germany, and Poland from the seventeenth century to the twentieth century. It examines the similarities and differences between the original text and the translated text by considering the social, political, and economic context of both. This paper demonstrates how Utopia is a powerful unit of analysis to study European cultures during the modern age. Close

• 247. [Article] A Howl of Free Expression: the 1957 Howl Obscenity Trial and Sexual Liberation

  The 1957 “Howl” obscenity trial, which covered the constitutionality of utilizing obscene words in literature, was largely influential in the development of literary free expression in America. This case ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Howl of Free Expression: the 1957 Howl Obscenity Trial and Sexual Liberation Author: Rehlaender, Jamie L. Year: 2015 The 1957 “Howl” obscenity trial, which covered the constitutionality of utilizing obscene words in literature, was largely influential in the development of literary free expression in America. This case centered on Allen Ginsberg’s Howl and Other Poems, a work which represented the ideals and culture of the literarily experimental and sexually promiscuous Beat Generation. The expansion of free expression can be discerned through the tolerance of these sexual implications in literature, which is documented throughout the history of sexual suppression in past censorship cases. The victory of the “Howl” obscenity trial was essential for liberating the use of sexual references in literature, which consequently opened the gates to the cultivation of free expression. Title: A Howl of Free Expression: the 1957 Howl Obscenity Trial and Sexual Liberation Author: Rehlaender, Jamie L. Year: 2015 The 1957 “Howl” obscenity trial, which covered the constitutionality of utilizing obscene words in literature, was largely influential in the development of literary free expression in America. This case centered on Allen Ginsberg’s Howl and Other Poems, a work which represented the ideals and culture of the literarily experimental and sexually promiscuous Beat Generation. The expansion of free expression can be discerned through the tolerance of these sexual implications in literature, which is documented throughout the history of sexual suppression in past censorship cases. The victory of the “Howl” obscenity trial was essential for liberating the use of sexual references in literature, which consequently opened the gates to the cultivation of free expression. Close

• 248. [Article] Review of T. Alexa Linhard's Jewish Spain: a Mediterranean Memory

  Review of Linhard, Tabea Alexa. Jewish Spain: A Mediterranean Memory. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2014. Pp. 248. ISBN 978-0-80478-739-0.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Review of T. Alexa Linhard's Jewish Spain: a Mediterranean Memory Author: Núñez-Méndez, Eva Year: 2016 Review of Linhard, Tabea Alexa. Jewish Spain: A Mediterranean Memory. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2014. Pp. 248. ISBN 978-0-80478-739-0. Title: Review of T. Alexa Linhard's Jewish Spain: a Mediterranean Memory Author: Núñez-Méndez, Eva Year: 2016 Review of Linhard, Tabea Alexa. Jewish Spain: A Mediterranean Memory. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2014. Pp. 248. ISBN 978-0-80478-739-0. Close

• 249. [Article] Crisis in Education -- The Effect of the Cold War on the American Education System

  The Cold War era had a dramatic impact on the American educational system. Striving to demonstrate superiority over Soviet counterparts, new curriculum were developed to prepare the American youth intellectually, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Crisis in Education -- The Effect of the Cold War on the American Education System Author: Gregg, Spencer C.J. Year: 2016 The Cold War era had a dramatic impact on the American educational system. Striving to demonstrate superiority over Soviet counterparts, new curriculum were developed to prepare the American youth intellectually, emotionally, and technologically to position the U.S. as a world power. With the American public polarized whether schools were a venue for the dissemination of national ideologies or institutions for the development of critical thinking; world events including nuclear warfare, space exploration, and military preparedness served as catalysts for the development of future citizens that would effectively contribute to the intellectual and technological growth of the nation. Title: Crisis in Education -- The Effect of the Cold War on the American Education System Author: Gregg, Spencer C.J. Year: 2016 The Cold War era had a dramatic impact on the American educational system. Striving to demonstrate superiority over Soviet counterparts, new curriculum were developed to prepare the American youth intellectually, emotionally, and technologically to position the U.S. as a world power. With the American public polarized whether schools were a venue for the dissemination of national ideologies or institutions for the development of critical thinking; world events including nuclear warfare, space exploration, and military preparedness served as catalysts for the development of future citizens that would effectively contribute to the intellectual and technological growth of the nation. Close

• 250. [Article] The historical imagination of Francesco Petrarch: a study of poetic truth and historical distortion

  In the continuing debate among historians over the nature, if not the actual existence, of the Italian Renaissance, the life of Francesco Petrarch has played a major role. Petrarch was an outspoken critic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The historical imagination of Francesco Petrarch: a study of poetic truth and historical distortion Author: Scholz, Sally Year: 1974 In the continuing debate among historians over the nature, if not the actual existence, of the Italian Renaissance, the life of Francesco Petrarch has played a major role. Petrarch was an outspoken critic and commentator on the state of fourteenth-century society. His opinions have been cited by all scholars interested in the origins of the “Renaissance Mind.” Title: The historical imagination of Francesco Petrarch: a study of poetic truth and historical distortion Author: Scholz, Sally Year: 1974 In the continuing debate among historians over the nature, if not the actual existence, of the Italian Renaissance, the life of Francesco Petrarch has played a major role. Petrarch was an outspoken critic and commentator on the state of fourteenth-century society. His opinions have been cited by all scholars interested in the origins of the “Renaissance Mind.” Close