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• 1. [Article] Climate and heat exchange in the oceanic region adjacent to Oregon

  The climate and the exchange of heat between atmosphere and ocean are examined in a region adjacent to Washington and Oregon, and in two sub-regions adjacent to Oregon. The sub-regions are chosen such ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate and heat exchange in the oceanic region adjacent to Oregon Author: Lane, Robert Kenneth The climate and the exchange of heat between atmosphere and ocean are examined in a region adjacent to Washington and Oregon, and in two sub-regions adjacent to Oregon. The sub-regions are chosen such that one contains the nearshore upwelling region and the other borders it on the seaward side. The data (ship weather observations, 1953 to 1962) reveal the general seasonal variation of climatic factors in the regions studied and the effects of the nearshore upwelling of cold water on the climate over the coastal ocean region and the adjacent coastal land mass. In the nearshore sub-region, summer values of temperature (air, wet bulb, and sea surface) are lower than those to seaward, but winter values are higher inshore than to seaward. The effects of these differences, and of other factors, on the heat exchange processes are examined with the use of empirical equations. It is seen that the processes of evaporation and conduction are suppressed considerably and net long wave radiation is slightly suppressed in the upwelling region during the summer. The effects of the reduction of heat loss to the atmosphere in the summer upwelling region on the climate of coastal Oregon are seen to be a slight reduction of air temperatures and, despite reduced evaporation, a very slight increase of relative humidity. Monthly means of daily net heat exchange between the sea and the atmosphere are examined and correlated with the difference between monthly means of the heat used per day in the oceanic evaporation process and the monthly means of daily totals of heat estimated to be used in the evaporation from a shallow pan under climatic conditions identical to those accompanying the net heat exchange and oceanic evaporation. Title: Climate and heat exchange in the oceanic region adjacent to Oregon Author: Lane, Robert Kenneth The climate and the exchange of heat between atmosphere and ocean are examined in a region adjacent to Washington and Oregon, and in two sub-regions adjacent to Oregon. The sub-regions are chosen such that one contains the nearshore upwelling region and the other borders it on the seaward side. The data (ship weather observations, 1953 to 1962) reveal the general seasonal variation of climatic factors in the regions studied and the effects of the nearshore upwelling of cold water on the climate over the coastal ocean region and the adjacent coastal land mass. In the nearshore sub-region, summer values of temperature (air, wet bulb, and sea surface) are lower than those to seaward, but winter values are higher inshore than to seaward. The effects of these differences, and of other factors, on the heat exchange processes are examined with the use of empirical equations. It is seen that the processes of evaporation and conduction are suppressed considerably and net long wave radiation is slightly suppressed in the upwelling region during the summer. The effects of the reduction of heat loss to the atmosphere in the summer upwelling region on the climate of coastal Oregon are seen to be a slight reduction of air temperatures and, despite reduced evaporation, a very slight increase of relative humidity. Monthly means of daily net heat exchange between the sea and the atmosphere are examined and correlated with the difference between monthly means of the heat used per day in the oceanic evaporation process and the monthly means of daily totals of heat estimated to be used in the evaporation from a shallow pan under climatic conditions identical to those accompanying the net heat exchange and oceanic evaporation. Close

• 2. [Article] Steric contributions to the seasonal oscillation in sea level off Oregon

  Hydrographic, tidal, and meteorological data collected near Newport, Oregon, were analyzed to determine the relative contributions of temperature, salinity, and air pressure variations to the recorded ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Steric contributions to the seasonal oscillation in sea level off Oregon Author: Brunson, Burlie A. Hydrographic, tidal, and meteorological data collected near Newport, Oregon, were analyzed to determine the relative contributions of temperature, salinity, and air pressure variations to the recorded departures of sea level from mean sea level. Nearshore the steric and recorded sea levels exhibited a similar seasonal oscillation, with high sea levels in winter and low sea levels in summer. Analysis of the steric topography indicated the presence of two distinct regions off Oregon, one extending from shore to 45 nm, and the other from 65 nm offshore to seaward of NH 165. The seasonal oscillations of sea level were approximately six months out of phase in the two regions. The nearshore region was greatly influenced by upwelling and local runoff, while the offshore region was dominated by the Columbia River plume which flows south during the summer months. Redacted for privacy Steric departures were of greater magnitude than air pressure departures, but no single dominant cause of sea level oscillation could be identified, thus justifying the labeling of this region as a transition zone from steric to pressure dominance in sea level determination. Thermal and haline components of the steric departure were shown to be of comparable magnitude and in phase. The range of steric departures was approximately 16 cm, a figure compatible with ranges reported for stations of similar latitude. Title: Steric contributions to the seasonal oscillation in sea level off Oregon Author: Brunson, Burlie A. Hydrographic, tidal, and meteorological data collected near Newport, Oregon, were analyzed to determine the relative contributions of temperature, salinity, and air pressure variations to the recorded departures of sea level from mean sea level. Nearshore the steric and recorded sea levels exhibited a similar seasonal oscillation, with high sea levels in winter and low sea levels in summer. Analysis of the steric topography indicated the presence of two distinct regions off Oregon, one extending from shore to 45 nm, and the other from 65 nm offshore to seaward of NH 165. The seasonal oscillations of sea level were approximately six months out of phase in the two regions. The nearshore region was greatly influenced by upwelling and local runoff, while the offshore region was dominated by the Columbia River plume which flows south during the summer months. Redacted for privacy Steric departures were of greater magnitude than air pressure departures, but no single dominant cause of sea level oscillation could be identified, thus justifying the labeling of this region as a transition zone from steric to pressure dominance in sea level determination. Thermal and haline components of the steric departure were shown to be of comparable magnitude and in phase. The range of steric departures was approximately 16 cm, a figure compatible with ranges reported for stations of similar latitude. Close

• 3. [Article] Observations of the coastal upwelling region off Oregon during 1972

  Observations of wind, currents, sea level and hydrography obtained during the 1972 Coastal Upwelling Experiment (CUE-I) are described. Only phenomena with periods longer than a day are considered. One ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Observations of the coastal upwelling region off Oregon during 1972 Author: Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Observations of wind, currents, sea level and hydrography obtained during the 1972 Coastal Upwelling Experiment (CUE-I) are described. Only phenomena with periods longer than a day are considered. One section describes the changes observed during a period of variable winds in early July 1972. Another describes a ribbon of relatively cool water observed early in the upwelling season and attributes its existence to advection of Subarctic water by the coastal jet associated with upwelling. A third section describes the seasonal development of the upwelling regime between April and October 1972. These studies are combined with other studies of CUE-I data to provide a partial description of the upwelling regime which is compared to the conceptual model developed prior to CUE-I. It is concluded that the vertical and onshore velocity fields are as yet largely unknown. The alongshore velocity field includes southward surface flow with a coastal jet, a persistent vertical shear with deeper velocities northward relative to the surface and high coherence with the wind and sea level at periods of several days. A poleward undercurrent is observed, but it may not be an integral part of the upwelling regime. The hydrography has a strong seasonal cycle. Differences between any two sections between April and October l972 are smaller than between any of these and a section occupied in January 1973. Oscillations in the wind with periods of several days cause significant changes in the region inshore of 10 km and in the upper 20 m further offshore. Subsurface temperature observations are not coherent with the wind at periods of several days. Title: Observations of the coastal upwelling region off Oregon during 1972 Author: Huyer, Adriana, 1945- Observations of wind, currents, sea level and hydrography obtained during the 1972 Coastal Upwelling Experiment (CUE-I) are described. Only phenomena with periods longer than a day are considered. One section describes the changes observed during a period of variable winds in early July 1972. Another describes a ribbon of relatively cool water observed early in the upwelling season and attributes its existence to advection of Subarctic water by the coastal jet associated with upwelling. A third section describes the seasonal development of the upwelling regime between April and October 1972. These studies are combined with other studies of CUE-I data to provide a partial description of the upwelling regime which is compared to the conceptual model developed prior to CUE-I. It is concluded that the vertical and onshore velocity fields are as yet largely unknown. The alongshore velocity field includes southward surface flow with a coastal jet, a persistent vertical shear with deeper velocities northward relative to the surface and high coherence with the wind and sea level at periods of several days. A poleward undercurrent is observed, but it may not be an integral part of the upwelling regime. The hydrography has a strong seasonal cycle. Differences between any two sections between April and October l972 are smaller than between any of these and a section occupied in January 1973. Oscillations in the wind with periods of several days cause significant changes in the region inshore of 10 km and in the upper 20 m further offshore. Subsurface temperature observations are not coherent with the wind at periods of several days. Close