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• 1. [Image] The Water Report - Hydro relicensing OR/CA: fish passage

  	Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Report - Hydro relicensing OR/CA: fish passage Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2006, 2008 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Title: The Water Report - Hydro relicensing OR/CA: fish passage Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2006, 2008 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/ Close

• 2. [Image] The Water Report. Klamath Fishery Science: Controversy in the Klamath River Basin

  	Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. Includes bibliographic references. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/.
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Water Report. Klamath Fishery Science: Controversy in the Klamath River Basin Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2005, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. Includes bibliographic references. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/. Title: The Water Report. Klamath Fishery Science: Controversy in the Klamath River Basin Author: Envirotech Publications Year: 2005, 2008, 2006 Only portions of issues of The Water Report are available in the Klamath Waters Digital Library. Includes bibliographic references. See the full report at http://www.thewaterreport.com/. Close

• 3. [Article] Developing a broader scientific foundation for river restoration: Columbia River food webs

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by National ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Developing a broader scientific foundation for river restoration: Columbia River food webs Author: Naiman, Robert J., Lamberson, Roland, Bisson, Peter A., Alldredge, J. Richard, Ruggerone, Gregory T., Scarnecchia, Dennis, Henny, Charles J., Congleton, James, Smouse, Peter E., Rieman, Bruce E., Pearcy, William G., Levings, Colin, Wood, Chris C., Beauchamp, David A., Merrill, Erik N., Huntly, Nancy To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by National Academy of Sciences and can be found at: http://www.nasonline.org/. Title: Developing a broader scientific foundation for river restoration: Columbia River food webs Author: Naiman, Robert J., Lamberson, Roland, Bisson, Peter A., Alldredge, J. Richard, Ruggerone, Gregory T., Scarnecchia, Dennis, Henny, Charles J., Congleton, James, Smouse, Peter E., Rieman, Bruce E., Pearcy, William G., Levings, Colin, Wood, Chris C., Beauchamp, David A., Merrill, Erik N., Huntly, Nancy To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by National Academy of Sciences and can be found at: http://www.nasonline.org/. Close

• 4. [Article] Relationship Between Temperature and Ceratomyxa shasta–Induced Mortality In Klamath River Salmonids

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Society of Parasitologists and can be found at: http://amsocparasit.org/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Relationship Between Temperature and Ceratomyxa shasta–Induced Mortality In Klamath River Salmonids Author: Bartholomew, Jerri L., Holt, Richard A., Ray, R. Adam This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Society of Parasitologists and can be found at: http://amsocparasit.org/. Title: Relationship Between Temperature and Ceratomyxa shasta–Induced Mortality In Klamath River Salmonids Author: Bartholomew, Jerri L., Holt, Richard A., Ray, R. Adam This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Society of Parasitologists and can be found at: http://amsocparasit.org/. Close

• 5. [Article] Susceptibility of Juvenile Steelhead to Avian Predation: the Influence of Individual Fish Characteristics and River Conditions

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is published by Taylor & ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Susceptibility of Juvenile Steelhead to Avian Predation: the Influence of Individual Fish Characteristics and River Conditions Author: Evans, Allen F., Roby, Daniel D., Collis, Ken, Hostetter, Nathan J. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is published by Taylor & Francis and can be found at: http://www.taylorandfrancis.com/, and copyrighted by American Fisheries Society (http://fisheries.org/). Title: Susceptibility of Juvenile Steelhead to Avian Predation: the Influence of Individual Fish Characteristics and River Conditions Author: Evans, Allen F., Roby, Daniel D., Collis, Ken, Hostetter, Nathan J. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is published by Taylor & Francis and can be found at: http://www.taylorandfrancis.com/, and copyrighted by American Fisheries Society (http://fisheries.org/). Close

• 6. [Article] Chinook salmon populations in Oregon coastal river basins : description of life histories and assessment of recent trends in run strengths

  Published March 1989. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Chinook salmon populations in Oregon coastal river basins : description of life histories and assessment of recent trends in run strengths Author: Hankin, David G., Oregon State University. Extension Service, Oregon. Fish Division, Nicholas, Jay W., Oregon. Dept. of Fish and Wildlife. Research and Development Section Published March 1989. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Title: Chinook salmon populations in Oregon coastal river basins : description of life histories and assessment of recent trends in run strengths Author: Hankin, David G., Oregon State University. Extension Service, Oregon. Fish Division, Nicholas, Jay W., Oregon. Dept. of Fish and Wildlife. Research and Development Section Published March 1989. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Close

• 7. [Article] The influence of dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature on the survival and growth of chinook salmon embryos and fry

  Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, were reared from fertilization of the eggs to several weeks after complete yolk absorption at dissolved oxygen concentration of 3.5, 5.0, and 7.3 mg/liter and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The influence of dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature on the survival and growth of chinook salmon embryos and fry Author: Eddy, Ronald M. Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, were reared from fertilization of the eggs to several weeks after complete yolk absorption at dissolved oxygen concentration of 3.5, 5.0, and 7.3 mg/liter and air-saturation at temperatures of 10.5, 12.0, 13.5, and 15.0 C. Decrease of either temperature or dissolved oxygen concentration resulted in increase in the median (50%) hatching time of fry. Increase of temperature or decrease of dissolved oxygen concentration decreased mean dry weights of newly hatched fry and survival. Temperatures above 12.0 C resulted in substantially reduced survival at all dissolved oxygen levels tested. Large increases in mortality occurred during late embryonic and sac fry stages, the amount of mortality during each period being directly related to the prevailing test conditions. Title: The influence of dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature on the survival and growth of chinook salmon embryos and fry Author: Eddy, Ronald M. Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, were reared from fertilization of the eggs to several weeks after complete yolk absorption at dissolved oxygen concentration of 3.5, 5.0, and 7.3 mg/liter and air-saturation at temperatures of 10.5, 12.0, 13.5, and 15.0 C. Decrease of either temperature or dissolved oxygen concentration resulted in increase in the median (50%) hatching time of fry. Increase of temperature or decrease of dissolved oxygen concentration decreased mean dry weights of newly hatched fry and survival. Temperatures above 12.0 C resulted in substantially reduced survival at all dissolved oxygen levels tested. Large increases in mortality occurred during late embryonic and sac fry stages, the amount of mortality during each period being directly related to the prevailing test conditions. Close

• 8. [Article] Year-class regulation of mid-upper Columbia River spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha : the role of juvenile size, growth, and migratory behavior

  Early ocean residence is assumed to be a critical period for juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. However, the specific mechanisms influencing growth and survival in the ocean have not been identified ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Year-class regulation of mid-upper Columbia River spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha : the role of juvenile size, growth, and migratory behavior Author: Tomaro, Londi M. Early ocean residence is assumed to be a critical period for juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. However, the specific mechanisms influencing growth and survival in the ocean have not been identified for most populations. Therefore, three hypotheses regarding the relationship between early marine residence and subsequent survival of mid-upper Columbia River spring Chinook salmon were evaluated: the 'bigger is better', 'stage duration', and 'match-mistmatch' hypotheses. Six metrics describing juvenile migration history and condition were developed, including 1) size at freshwater exit; 2) size at ocean capture; 3) initial ocean growth rates; 4) timing of ocean entrance; 5) duration of ocean residence; and 6) marine migration rates. Retrospective estimates of size and growth using otolith analyses rely on the assumption that otolith and somatic size are related. Therefore, I verified this assumption for mid-upper Columbia River Chinook salmon and determined that a body-proportional back-calculation method was the best approach for this population. Fish length and otolith width were positively correlated (r > 0.92) and growth rates estimated from back-calculated sizes were positively correlated with observed growth rates (r = 0.96). I also evaluated the utility of using the otolith Sr:Ca pattern as a marker of hatchery-origin and investigated potential mechanisms for the observed Sr:Ca pattern. Visual and quantitative criteria were developed using otoliths of hatchery fish and were used to correctly classify 85% and 78%, respectively, of a sample of known hatchery-origin fish (n = 114) that were collected in coastal waters. Although Sr:Ca in water and hatchery food did not fully account for the observed pattern in otolith Sr:Ca, the pattern can be used to identify mid-upper Columbia River spring Chinook salmon of hatchery-origin with relatively high accuracy (>75%). The six juvenile metrics were used to evaluate mechanisms potentially regulating establishment of year-class abundance. The only metrics found to be significantly related to future adult abundance were size at freshwater exit (r² = 0.56) and capture (r² = 0.60). These data support the 'bigger is better' hypothesis and indicate that factors influencing size and growth during freshwater residence should be investigated further. Juveniles resided in the brackish/ocean for one to two months prior to capture in May and June; therefore, ocean conditions after this period may be related to the 40% of variation in adult abundance unexplained by interannual variation in body size. Title: Year-class regulation of mid-upper Columbia River spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha : the role of juvenile size, growth, and migratory behavior Author: Tomaro, Londi M. Early ocean residence is assumed to be a critical period for juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. However, the specific mechanisms influencing growth and survival in the ocean have not been identified for most populations. Therefore, three hypotheses regarding the relationship between early marine residence and subsequent survival of mid-upper Columbia River spring Chinook salmon were evaluated: the 'bigger is better', 'stage duration', and 'match-mistmatch' hypotheses. Six metrics describing juvenile migration history and condition were developed, including 1) size at freshwater exit; 2) size at ocean capture; 3) initial ocean growth rates; 4) timing of ocean entrance; 5) duration of ocean residence; and 6) marine migration rates. Retrospective estimates of size and growth using otolith analyses rely on the assumption that otolith and somatic size are related. Therefore, I verified this assumption for mid-upper Columbia River Chinook salmon and determined that a body-proportional back-calculation method was the best approach for this population. Fish length and otolith width were positively correlated (r > 0.92) and growth rates estimated from back-calculated sizes were positively correlated with observed growth rates (r = 0.96). I also evaluated the utility of using the otolith Sr:Ca pattern as a marker of hatchery-origin and investigated potential mechanisms for the observed Sr:Ca pattern. Visual and quantitative criteria were developed using otoliths of hatchery fish and were used to correctly classify 85% and 78%, respectively, of a sample of known hatchery-origin fish (n = 114) that were collected in coastal waters. Although Sr:Ca in water and hatchery food did not fully account for the observed pattern in otolith Sr:Ca, the pattern can be used to identify mid-upper Columbia River spring Chinook salmon of hatchery-origin with relatively high accuracy (>75%). The six juvenile metrics were used to evaluate mechanisms potentially regulating establishment of year-class abundance. The only metrics found to be significantly related to future adult abundance were size at freshwater exit (r² = 0.56) and capture (r² = 0.60). These data support the 'bigger is better' hypothesis and indicate that factors influencing size and growth during freshwater residence should be investigated further. Juveniles resided in the brackish/ocean for one to two months prior to capture in May and June; therefore, ocean conditions after this period may be related to the 40% of variation in adult abundance unexplained by interannual variation in body size. Close

• 9. [Article] Biochemical genetic variation among selected populations of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Oregon and Washington

  Biochemical variation in 12 different chinook populations, sampled from 10 hatcheries along the Columbia River and the Oregon coast, was studied with starch gel electrophoresis. An index was used to describe ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biochemical genetic variation among selected populations of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Oregon and Washington Author: Kristiansson, Anne Christine Biochemical variation in 12 different chinook populations, sampled from 10 hatcheries along the Columbia River and the Oregon coast, was studied with starch gel electrophoresis. An index was used to describe the genetic differences between pairs of populations. Differences were observed between spring and fall chinook and between Columbia River and Oregon coastal populations. Variation in inbreeding coefficients, calculated at four polymorphic loci, indicated that natural selection may alter the frequency of certain phenotypes. Title: Biochemical genetic variation among selected populations of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Oregon and Washington Author: Kristiansson, Anne Christine Biochemical variation in 12 different chinook populations, sampled from 10 hatcheries along the Columbia River and the Oregon coast, was studied with starch gel electrophoresis. An index was used to describe the genetic differences between pairs of populations. Differences were observed between spring and fall chinook and between Columbia River and Oregon coastal populations. Variation in inbreeding coefficients, calculated at four polymorphic loci, indicated that natural selection may alter the frequency of certain phenotypes. Close

• 10. [Article] Some chronic effects of exposure to kraft mill effluent on juvenile chinook salmon

  The effects of sublethal concentrations of kraft mill effluents (KME) on the growth, food consumption, and swimming ability of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tschawytscha (Walbaum), were studied ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Some chronic effects of exposure to kraft mill effluent on juvenile chinook salmon Author: Tokar, Erick M. The effects of sublethal concentrations of kraft mill effluents (KME) on the growth, food consumption, and swimming ability of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tschawytscha (Walbaum), were studied from February 1966 to May, 1967. The KME used in these studies was obtained from two pulp and paper mills producing paper from unbleached pulp. Samples were collected weekly during the experimental periods from settling lagoons of mill A, and waste outfalls of mill B. Acute toxicity bioassays of these wastes were performed periodically, and 96-hour median tolerance limits (TL[subscript m]) were estimated for the salmon and for guppies (Poecilia reticulata Peters). Water and wastes were introduced into 16 experimental chambers by a system of head boxes and siphons. In each experiment, growth rates of salmon continuously exposed to three waste concentrations and of controls were evaluated at four different feeding levels. The waste concentrations were adjusted so as to provide for nearly constant increments of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Tubificid worms were the food organism in all experiments. The feeding levels employed ranged from an unrestricted ration, through several restricted rations, to starvation. The growth rates of salmon were found to be reduced at all concentrations of KME from mill A (0.5 to 4.0 mg/liter BOD) when the ration was unrestricted, and were reduced at all concentrations with BOD increments greater than 0.5 mg/liter when the next lower ration was fed. Some death occurred within 16 days at all feeding levels at concentrations having a BOD increment of 4.0 mg/liter. At low feeding levels, no consistent differences in growth attributable to KME were observed. Dilutions of waste from mill B had only small effects on the growth of chinook salmon. Salmon held in clean water and fed worms which had been exposed to KME from mill A showed only slight decreases in growth rate, except when they were fed worms exposed to 100-percent effluent which reduced the efficiency of food utilization considerably. When salmon were exposed to two concentrations of KME from mill A and then tested for swimming ability, no differences of maximum sustained swimming speeds attributable to the wastes were found. Except at the 4.0 mg/liter BOD level of waste from mill A, no reduction in the appetite of salmon exposed to KME was found in the growth experiments. Any reductions in the growth rates observed can be attributed to KME-caused decreases of the efficiency of food utilization for growth. The higher metabolic rates of the fish kept on the high ration presumably were responsible for the increased effects of the KME on these fish. Title: Some chronic effects of exposure to kraft mill effluent on juvenile chinook salmon Author: Tokar, Erick M. The effects of sublethal concentrations of kraft mill effluents (KME) on the growth, food consumption, and swimming ability of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tschawytscha (Walbaum), were studied from February 1966 to May, 1967. The KME used in these studies was obtained from two pulp and paper mills producing paper from unbleached pulp. Samples were collected weekly during the experimental periods from settling lagoons of mill A, and waste outfalls of mill B. Acute toxicity bioassays of these wastes were performed periodically, and 96-hour median tolerance limits (TL[subscript m]) were estimated for the salmon and for guppies (Poecilia reticulata Peters). Water and wastes were introduced into 16 experimental chambers by a system of head boxes and siphons. In each experiment, growth rates of salmon continuously exposed to three waste concentrations and of controls were evaluated at four different feeding levels. The waste concentrations were adjusted so as to provide for nearly constant increments of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Tubificid worms were the food organism in all experiments. The feeding levels employed ranged from an unrestricted ration, through several restricted rations, to starvation. The growth rates of salmon were found to be reduced at all concentrations of KME from mill A (0.5 to 4.0 mg/liter BOD) when the ration was unrestricted, and were reduced at all concentrations with BOD increments greater than 0.5 mg/liter when the next lower ration was fed. Some death occurred within 16 days at all feeding levels at concentrations having a BOD increment of 4.0 mg/liter. At low feeding levels, no consistent differences in growth attributable to KME were observed. Dilutions of waste from mill B had only small effects on the growth of chinook salmon. Salmon held in clean water and fed worms which had been exposed to KME from mill A showed only slight decreases in growth rate, except when they were fed worms exposed to 100-percent effluent which reduced the efficiency of food utilization considerably. When salmon were exposed to two concentrations of KME from mill A and then tested for swimming ability, no differences of maximum sustained swimming speeds attributable to the wastes were found. Except at the 4.0 mg/liter BOD level of waste from mill A, no reduction in the appetite of salmon exposed to KME was found in the growth experiments. Any reductions in the growth rates observed can be attributed to KME-caused decreases of the efficiency of food utilization for growth. The higher metabolic rates of the fish kept on the high ration presumably were responsible for the increased effects of the KME on these fish. Close