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• 1. [Image] Approaches and Practice of Environmental Sustainability in Manufacturing Industry

  	Topics on sustainable manufacturing, and, use of environmentally friendly treatment and resource recovery are currently very important issues for governments and industries worldwide. Environmental regulations ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Approaches and Practice of Environmental Sustainability in Manufacturing Industry Author: Khanam, Most Aiasha Year: 2014 Topics on sustainable manufacturing, and, use of environmentally friendly treatment and resource recovery are currently very important issues for governments and industries worldwide. Environmental regulations for technical products currently focus on recycling ratios and prohibition of toxic materials. The concept of creating more use-productivity (the output of a product in relation to the materials, labor, etc.) with less resource consumption has considerable potential to a sustainable society. Sustainability in manufacturing can be defined as the application of scientific and technical knowledge to satisfy human needs in different societal frames without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Hence, the objective of this thesis is to identify a research and development plan for sustainable manufacturing focusing on enhancing use-productivity. Core research fields are identified, and finally their technology road maps are developed. Environmental Sustainability is an increasingly common theme in the business and trade press, at conferences, and in everyday conversation. Sustainable manufacturing practices are just as important as using sustainable materials. Any sustainable manufacturing process begins at the very first starting point: design. The product should be designed in such a way that makes it efficient, user friendly, durable and easily recycled. The manufacturing process should employ a renewable energy source. This thesis describes approaches, practices, green tools, and road map for sustainable manufacturing. Title: Approaches and Practice of Environmental Sustainability in Manufacturing Industry Author: Khanam, Most Aiasha Year: 2014 Topics on sustainable manufacturing, and, use of environmentally friendly treatment and resource recovery are currently very important issues for governments and industries worldwide. Environmental regulations for technical products currently focus on recycling ratios and prohibition of toxic materials. The concept of creating more use-productivity (the output of a product in relation to the materials, labor, etc.) with less resource consumption has considerable potential to a sustainable society. Sustainability in manufacturing can be defined as the application of scientific and technical knowledge to satisfy human needs in different societal frames without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Hence, the objective of this thesis is to identify a research and development plan for sustainable manufacturing focusing on enhancing use-productivity. Core research fields are identified, and finally their technology road maps are developed. Environmental Sustainability is an increasingly common theme in the business and trade press, at conferences, and in everyday conversation. Sustainable manufacturing practices are just as important as using sustainable materials. Any sustainable manufacturing process begins at the very first starting point: design. The product should be designed in such a way that makes it efficient, user friendly, durable and easily recycled. The manufacturing process should employ a renewable energy source. This thesis describes approaches, practices, green tools, and road map for sustainable manufacturing. Close

• 2. [Article] Neurobiology of Seasonal Life-history Transitions

  Many animals exhibit seasonal changes in life-history stages, and these seasonal transitions are often accompanied by dramatic switches in behavior. While the neuroendocrine mechanisms that regulate such ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Neurobiology of Seasonal Life-history Transitions Author: Lucas, Ashley Rae Year: 2015 Many animals exhibit seasonal changes in life-history stages, and these seasonal transitions are often accompanied by dramatic switches in behavior. While the neuroendocrine mechanisms that regulate such behavioral transitions are poorly understood, arginine vasotocin (AVT) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are excellent candidates because they regulate reproductive and feeding behavior, respectively. In this study, I asked if seasonal changes in AVT and/or NPY are concomitant with spring migration away from the breeding grounds, as male and female red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) are transitioning from reproductive to non-reproductive behavior during this time. To address this question, I collected male and female snakes in different migratory stages during the spring and fall. Brains were processed for AVT and NPY immunohistochemistry and the total number of immunoreactive (-ir) cells quantified for each individual. As predicted, males had significantly more AVT-ir cells in the preoptic area and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, brain regions important for courtship behavior, during the spring mating season compared to the fall. Females had significantly more AVT-ir cells in the preoptic area during the spring compared to the fall and, surprisingly, did not exhibit seasonal changes in NPY. In contrast, males had significantly more NPY-ir cells in the cortex, a region important for spatial memory, and in the posterior hypothalamus during the fall compared to the spring, which likely reflects increased feeding behavior during the summer foraging period. Neither AVT- nor NPY-ir cell number varied significantly with migratory status, indicating that seasonal changes in these neuropeptides are not directly related to migration. I then asked if the observed seasonal changes in AVT and NPY in males and females are related to the transition from reproductive to non-reproductive states. Compared to courting males, non-courting males had significantly more AVT-ir cells in the supraoptic nucleus and more NPY-ir cells in the cortex. AVT- and NPY-ir cells did not differ between unmated and mated females. Collectively, my results suggest that AVT and NPY play a role in regulating seasonal transitions in male reproductive behavior, rather than regulating migration per se. Further, these data indicate that both AVT and NPY are regulating reproductive behavior differently in males versus females. These data provide the framework for future studies examining the mechanisms regulating transitions between reproductive, migratory and foraging behaviors. Title: Neurobiology of Seasonal Life-history Transitions Author: Lucas, Ashley Rae Year: 2015 Many animals exhibit seasonal changes in life-history stages, and these seasonal transitions are often accompanied by dramatic switches in behavior. While the neuroendocrine mechanisms that regulate such behavioral transitions are poorly understood, arginine vasotocin (AVT) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are excellent candidates because they regulate reproductive and feeding behavior, respectively. In this study, I asked if seasonal changes in AVT and/or NPY are concomitant with spring migration away from the breeding grounds, as male and female red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) are transitioning from reproductive to non-reproductive behavior during this time. To address this question, I collected male and female snakes in different migratory stages during the spring and fall. Brains were processed for AVT and NPY immunohistochemistry and the total number of immunoreactive (-ir) cells quantified for each individual. As predicted, males had significantly more AVT-ir cells in the preoptic area and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, brain regions important for courtship behavior, during the spring mating season compared to the fall. Females had significantly more AVT-ir cells in the preoptic area during the spring compared to the fall and, surprisingly, did not exhibit seasonal changes in NPY. In contrast, males had significantly more NPY-ir cells in the cortex, a region important for spatial memory, and in the posterior hypothalamus during the fall compared to the spring, which likely reflects increased feeding behavior during the summer foraging period. Neither AVT- nor NPY-ir cell number varied significantly with migratory status, indicating that seasonal changes in these neuropeptides are not directly related to migration. I then asked if the observed seasonal changes in AVT and NPY in males and females are related to the transition from reproductive to non-reproductive states. Compared to courting males, non-courting males had significantly more AVT-ir cells in the supraoptic nucleus and more NPY-ir cells in the cortex. AVT- and NPY-ir cells did not differ between unmated and mated females. Collectively, my results suggest that AVT and NPY play a role in regulating seasonal transitions in male reproductive behavior, rather than regulating migration per se. Further, these data indicate that both AVT and NPY are regulating reproductive behavior differently in males versus females. These data provide the framework for future studies examining the mechanisms regulating transitions between reproductive, migratory and foraging behaviors. Close

• 3. [Article] Staying on Script: Sexual Scripts and Sex Education

  Existing research suggests that men and women develop differing sexual scripts that influence their behavior, interactions and emotions regarding sex. The objective of this project is to examine the experiences ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Staying on Script: Sexual Scripts and Sex Education Author: Hauck, Elizabeth Carol Year: 2015 Existing research suggests that men and women develop differing sexual scripts that influence their behavior, interactions and emotions regarding sex. The objective of this project is to examine the experiences of men and women with formal sex education programs, especially in regards to information about: anatomy and biology, sexual responsibility and risk taking, sexual desire, virginity and abstinence, as well as to explore sources of sex education outside of school. Several studies suggest masculine sexual scripts dictate that men generally construct a more body-focused approach to sex, with an emphasis on competition, aggression and achievement. Conversely, emphasized feminine sexual scripts call for a more emotion-focused approach to sex that stresses self-control, resistance and sexual 'gatekeeping'. One of the explanations for this is adolescents' experience with formal sex education in school. Gendered messages in sex education that reproduce dominant sexual scripts have the potential to reinforce sexual double standards that affirm male desire and regulate female desire. Previous studies have determined school to be a place where individuals develop scripts that guide them through many aspects of social life. While one recent study has pointed to the existence of gendered messages in sex education films, there is little research on how men's and women's experiences with formal sex education influence their interaction with different sexual scripts. Additionally, this research recognizes that interaction with sexual scripts occurs in a multitude of settings over the life course, and although formal sex education is the focus of this analysis because of the explicit messages communicated to adolescents during a very formative stage, other more informal sources of sexual information (i.e. family, peers, and the internet) are explored in comparison with school-based sex education. The findings of this study indicate a gendered patter in access to sexual scripts, drawing from participants' accounts of their sex education experiences in school, as well as important differences in the messages, or scripts communicated to them about sex from friends, family and online. Most notably, men and women generally recount interaction with scripts that reinforce traditional masculine and feminine sexuality in formal, school-based sex education programs. However, sexual learning from more informal sources, like from families and the internet, indicate possible shifts in traditional gendered sexuality, especially for women. Title: Staying on Script: Sexual Scripts and Sex Education Author: Hauck, Elizabeth Carol Year: 2015 Existing research suggests that men and women develop differing sexual scripts that influence their behavior, interactions and emotions regarding sex. The objective of this project is to examine the experiences of men and women with formal sex education programs, especially in regards to information about: anatomy and biology, sexual responsibility and risk taking, sexual desire, virginity and abstinence, as well as to explore sources of sex education outside of school. Several studies suggest masculine sexual scripts dictate that men generally construct a more body-focused approach to sex, with an emphasis on competition, aggression and achievement. Conversely, emphasized feminine sexual scripts call for a more emotion-focused approach to sex that stresses self-control, resistance and sexual 'gatekeeping'. One of the explanations for this is adolescents' experience with formal sex education in school. Gendered messages in sex education that reproduce dominant sexual scripts have the potential to reinforce sexual double standards that affirm male desire and regulate female desire. Previous studies have determined school to be a place where individuals develop scripts that guide them through many aspects of social life. While one recent study has pointed to the existence of gendered messages in sex education films, there is little research on how men's and women's experiences with formal sex education influence their interaction with different sexual scripts. Additionally, this research recognizes that interaction with sexual scripts occurs in a multitude of settings over the life course, and although formal sex education is the focus of this analysis because of the explicit messages communicated to adolescents during a very formative stage, other more informal sources of sexual information (i.e. family, peers, and the internet) are explored in comparison with school-based sex education. The findings of this study indicate a gendered patter in access to sexual scripts, drawing from participants' accounts of their sex education experiences in school, as well as important differences in the messages, or scripts communicated to them about sex from friends, family and online. Most notably, men and women generally recount interaction with scripts that reinforce traditional masculine and feminine sexuality in formal, school-based sex education programs. However, sexual learning from more informal sources, like from families and the internet, indicate possible shifts in traditional gendered sexuality, especially for women. Close

• 4. [Article] Democratizing the City Through the Colonization of Public Space: A Case Study of Portland Food Not Bombs

  The implementation of neoliberal economic and political policies is often touted as a way to increase overall individual well-being and freedom. While these policies may benefit those already wielding ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Democratizing the City Through the Colonization of Public Space: A Case Study of Portland Food Not Bombs Author: Saari, Trent Adam Year: 2015 The implementation of neoliberal economic and political policies is often touted as a way to increase overall individual well-being and freedom. While these policies may benefit those already wielding economic security and political power, marginalized populations often bear the negative cost associated with such policies. As deregulation and privatization increases, social safety nets and social spending are dramatically reduced. At the local level, liberalization has resulted in increased surveillance and regulation of public space. Organized resistance to global corporatization and increased economic and political marginalization has occurred across the globe. Resisting neoliberalism is complex as the adaptability of the state and capital requires an adaptive form of resistance. Portland Food Not Bombs provides an empirical example of an oppositional social movement organization that resists neoliberal logic and reclaims public space for collective use by serving free meals. This case study includes participant observation of both Portland FNB chapters conducted at chapter specific meal preparation and serving sites. It also includes ten interviews with individuals who are heavily involved with the SMO. Publicly available documents such as Facebook pages, chapter specific websites, and the FNB website provided important contextual information as well. This study finds that the organizational structure of Portland FNB lends itself to more democratic practices and ideals, coinciding with the values of the respondents. Through transparent, consensus decision-making and a resistance to formal leadership, Portland FNB facilitates a different form of political engagement. By using public space, Portland FNB temporarily alters the physical urban environment by socially constructing a more inclusive space, emphasizing that collectively using public space, is indeed a human right. Portland FNB seeks to create a more just society within the existing institutional framework, while rejecting practices associated with 501(c)(3) organizations and other mainstream SMOs. Title: Democratizing the City Through the Colonization of Public Space: A Case Study of Portland Food Not Bombs Author: Saari, Trent Adam Year: 2015 The implementation of neoliberal economic and political policies is often touted as a way to increase overall individual well-being and freedom. While these policies may benefit those already wielding economic security and political power, marginalized populations often bear the negative cost associated with such policies. As deregulation and privatization increases, social safety nets and social spending are dramatically reduced. At the local level, liberalization has resulted in increased surveillance and regulation of public space. Organized resistance to global corporatization and increased economic and political marginalization has occurred across the globe. Resisting neoliberalism is complex as the adaptability of the state and capital requires an adaptive form of resistance. Portland Food Not Bombs provides an empirical example of an oppositional social movement organization that resists neoliberal logic and reclaims public space for collective use by serving free meals. This case study includes participant observation of both Portland FNB chapters conducted at chapter specific meal preparation and serving sites. It also includes ten interviews with individuals who are heavily involved with the SMO. Publicly available documents such as Facebook pages, chapter specific websites, and the FNB website provided important contextual information as well. This study finds that the organizational structure of Portland FNB lends itself to more democratic practices and ideals, coinciding with the values of the respondents. Through transparent, consensus decision-making and a resistance to formal leadership, Portland FNB facilitates a different form of political engagement. By using public space, Portland FNB temporarily alters the physical urban environment by socially constructing a more inclusive space, emphasizing that collectively using public space, is indeed a human right. Portland FNB seeks to create a more just society within the existing institutional framework, while rejecting practices associated with 501(c)(3) organizations and other mainstream SMOs. Close

• 5. [Article] Calcium Transport Inhibition, Stimulation, and Light Dependent Modulation of the Skeletal Calcium Release Channel (RyR1) by the Prototropic Forms of Pelargonidin

  The principle calcium regulator in the muscle cell is the calcium ion release channel (RyR). Improper calcium homeostasis in the muscle cell is the foundation of many pathological states and has been targeted ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Calcium Transport Inhibition, Stimulation, and Light Dependent Modulation of the Skeletal Calcium Release Channel (RyR1) by the Prototropic Forms of Pelargonidin Author: Dornan, Thomas Joseph Year: 2014 The principle calcium regulator in the muscle cell is the calcium ion release channel (RyR). Improper calcium homeostasis in the muscle cell is the foundation of many pathological states and has been targeted as a contributing factor to ventricular tachycardia, which is known to precede sudden cardiac arrest. Numerous endogenous and exogenous compounds can affect the way RyR regulates calcium. In this study the anthocyanidin Pelargonidin (Pg), an important natural colorant and dietary antioxidant, is evaluated for its effect on regulating the transport of calcium through the RyR1 of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. Pelargonidin undergoes time dependent structural changes in aqueous solutions at physiological pH and a mixture of up to seven forms of Pelargonidin are present in solution simultaneously. Pelargonidin is a unique RyR1 modulator. It can both stimulate and inhibit the RyR1 depending on the experimental conditions. In addition, when Pelargonidin is irradiated with white light, its inhibition properties on the RyR1 are essentially nullified. Proposed mechanisms include excited state charge shift within RyR1-Pg complexes. Title: Calcium Transport Inhibition, Stimulation, and Light Dependent Modulation of the Skeletal Calcium Release Channel (RyR1) by the Prototropic Forms of Pelargonidin Author: Dornan, Thomas Joseph Year: 2014 The principle calcium regulator in the muscle cell is the calcium ion release channel (RyR). Improper calcium homeostasis in the muscle cell is the foundation of many pathological states and has been targeted as a contributing factor to ventricular tachycardia, which is known to precede sudden cardiac arrest. Numerous endogenous and exogenous compounds can affect the way RyR regulates calcium. In this study the anthocyanidin Pelargonidin (Pg), an important natural colorant and dietary antioxidant, is evaluated for its effect on regulating the transport of calcium through the RyR1 of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. Pelargonidin undergoes time dependent structural changes in aqueous solutions at physiological pH and a mixture of up to seven forms of Pelargonidin are present in solution simultaneously. Pelargonidin is a unique RyR1 modulator. It can both stimulate and inhibit the RyR1 depending on the experimental conditions. In addition, when Pelargonidin is irradiated with white light, its inhibition properties on the RyR1 are essentially nullified. Proposed mechanisms include excited state charge shift within RyR1-Pg complexes. Close

• 6. [Article] Rolling Circle Mutagenesis of GST-mCherry to Understand Mutation, Gene Expression, and Regulation

  Undergraduates are often familiar with textbook examples of human mutations that affect coding regions and the subsequent disorders, but they may struggle with understanding the implications of mutations ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rolling Circle Mutagenesis of GST-mCherry to Understand Mutation, Gene Expression, and Regulation Author: Cole, Jessica, Ferguson, Amanda, Segarra, Verónica A., Walsh, Susan Year: 2017 Undergraduates are often familiar with textbook examples of human mutations that affect coding regions and the subsequent disorders, but they may struggle with understanding the implications of mutations in the regulatory regions of genes. We have designed a laboratory sequence that will allow students to explore the effect random mutagenesis can have on protein function, expression, and ultimately phenotype. Students design and perform a safe and time-efficient random mutagenesis experiment using error-prone rolling circular amplification of a plasmid expressing the inducible fusion protein glutathione S-transferase (GST)-mCherry. Mutagenized and wild-type control plasmid DNA, respectively, are then purified and transformed into bacteria to assess phenotypic changes. While bacteria transformed with the wild type control should be pink, some bacterial colonies transformed with mutagenized plasmids will exhibit a different color. Students attempt to identify their mutations by isolating plasmid from these mutant colonies, sequencing, and comparing their mutant sequence to the wild-type sequence. Additionally, students evaluate the potential effects of mutations on protein production by inducing GST-mCherry expression in cultures, generating cell lysates, and analyzing them using SDS-PAGE. Students who have a phenotypic difference but do not obtain a coding region mutation will be able to think critically about plasmid structure and regulation outside of the gene sequence. Students who do not obtain bacterial transformants have the chance to contemplate how mutation of antibiotic resistance genes or replication origins may have contributed to their results. Overall, this series of laboratories exposes students to basic genetic techniques and helps them conceptualize mutation beyond coding regions. Title: Rolling Circle Mutagenesis of GST-mCherry to Understand Mutation, Gene Expression, and Regulation Author: Cole, Jessica, Ferguson, Amanda, Segarra, Verónica A., Walsh, Susan Year: 2017 Undergraduates are often familiar with textbook examples of human mutations that affect coding regions and the subsequent disorders, but they may struggle with understanding the implications of mutations in the regulatory regions of genes. We have designed a laboratory sequence that will allow students to explore the effect random mutagenesis can have on protein function, expression, and ultimately phenotype. Students design and perform a safe and time-efficient random mutagenesis experiment using error-prone rolling circular amplification of a plasmid expressing the inducible fusion protein glutathione S-transferase (GST)-mCherry. Mutagenized and wild-type control plasmid DNA, respectively, are then purified and transformed into bacteria to assess phenotypic changes. While bacteria transformed with the wild type control should be pink, some bacterial colonies transformed with mutagenized plasmids will exhibit a different color. Students attempt to identify their mutations by isolating plasmid from these mutant colonies, sequencing, and comparing their mutant sequence to the wild-type sequence. Additionally, students evaluate the potential effects of mutations on protein production by inducing GST-mCherry expression in cultures, generating cell lysates, and analyzing them using SDS-PAGE. Students who have a phenotypic difference but do not obtain a coding region mutation will be able to think critically about plasmid structure and regulation outside of the gene sequence. Students who do not obtain bacterial transformants have the chance to contemplate how mutation of antibiotic resistance genes or replication origins may have contributed to their results. Overall, this series of laboratories exposes students to basic genetic techniques and helps them conceptualize mutation beyond coding regions. Close

• 7. [Article] Mechanisms of Animal Diapause: Recent Developments from Nematodes, Crustaceans, Insects, and Fish

  Life cycle delays are beneficial for opportunistic species encountering suboptimal environments. Many animals display a programmed arrest of development (diapause) at some stage(s) of their development, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mechanisms of Animal Diapause: Recent Developments from Nematodes, Crustaceans, Insects, and Fish Author: Hand, Steven C., Denlinger, David L., Podrabsky, Jason E., Roy, Richard Year: 2016 Life cycle delays are beneficial for opportunistic species encountering suboptimal environments. Many animals display a programmed arrest of development (diapause) at some stage(s) of their development, and the diapause state may or may not be associated with some degree of metabolic depression. In this review, we will evaluate current advancements in our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the remarkable phenotype, as well as environmental cues that signal entry and termination of the state. The developmental stage at which diapause occurs dictates and constrains the mechanisms governing diapause. Considerable progress has been made in clarifying proximal mechanisms of metabolic arrest and the signaling pathways like insulin/Foxo that control gene expression patterns. Overlapping themes are also seen in mechanisms that control cell cycle arrest. Evidence is emerging for epigenetic contributions to diapause regulation via small RNAs in nematodes, crustaceans, insects, and fish. Knockdown of circadian clock genes in selected insect species supports the importance of clock genes in the photoperiodic response that cues diapause. A large suite of chaperone-like proteins, expressed during diapause, protects biological structures during long periods of energy-limited stasis. More information is needed to paint a complete picture of how environmental cues are coupled to the signal transduction that initiates the complex diapause phenotype, as well as molecular explanations for how the state is terminated. Excellent examples of molecular memory in post-dauer animals have been documented in Caenorhabditis elegans It is clear that a single suite of mechanisms does not regulate diapause across all species and developmental stages. Title: Mechanisms of Animal Diapause: Recent Developments from Nematodes, Crustaceans, Insects, and Fish Author: Hand, Steven C., Denlinger, David L., Podrabsky, Jason E., Roy, Richard Year: 2016 Life cycle delays are beneficial for opportunistic species encountering suboptimal environments. Many animals display a programmed arrest of development (diapause) at some stage(s) of their development, and the diapause state may or may not be associated with some degree of metabolic depression. In this review, we will evaluate current advancements in our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the remarkable phenotype, as well as environmental cues that signal entry and termination of the state. The developmental stage at which diapause occurs dictates and constrains the mechanisms governing diapause. Considerable progress has been made in clarifying proximal mechanisms of metabolic arrest and the signaling pathways like insulin/Foxo that control gene expression patterns. Overlapping themes are also seen in mechanisms that control cell cycle arrest. Evidence is emerging for epigenetic contributions to diapause regulation via small RNAs in nematodes, crustaceans, insects, and fish. Knockdown of circadian clock genes in selected insect species supports the importance of clock genes in the photoperiodic response that cues diapause. A large suite of chaperone-like proteins, expressed during diapause, protects biological structures during long periods of energy-limited stasis. More information is needed to paint a complete picture of how environmental cues are coupled to the signal transduction that initiates the complex diapause phenotype, as well as molecular explanations for how the state is terminated. Excellent examples of molecular memory in post-dauer animals have been documented in Caenorhabditis elegans It is clear that a single suite of mechanisms does not regulate diapause across all species and developmental stages. Close

• 8. [Article] Currents in Fishery Management

  This thesis provides an overview of fishery management policy types and attempts to determine best practices for biological sustainability in terms of species preservation and biomass recovery. Key concepts ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Currents in Fishery Management Author: DePuy, Genevieve Year: 2016 This thesis provides an overview of fishery management policy types and attempts to determine best practices for biological sustainability in terms of species preservation and biomass recovery. Key concepts include biological sustainability, regulatory forces, and fishery management and output trends. The research question investigated is: what are the best policy practices for regulating marine fishery health and biological stability? The research process of this paper included a review of prior literature in the field of marine policy and fishery management, as well as the use of United States data from the Pacific and Atlantic coasts to evaluate management strategies. Based on both the literature review and the results of the data from Pacific and Atlantic Fisheries, the best management structure appears to be the co-management approach while the best management methodologies involve ecosystem protections and quotas. Title: Currents in Fishery Management Author: DePuy, Genevieve Year: 2016 This thesis provides an overview of fishery management policy types and attempts to determine best practices for biological sustainability in terms of species preservation and biomass recovery. Key concepts include biological sustainability, regulatory forces, and fishery management and output trends. The research question investigated is: what are the best policy practices for regulating marine fishery health and biological stability? The research process of this paper included a review of prior literature in the field of marine policy and fishery management, as well as the use of United States data from the Pacific and Atlantic coasts to evaluate management strategies. Based on both the literature review and the results of the data from Pacific and Atlantic Fisheries, the best management structure appears to be the co-management approach while the best management methodologies involve ecosystem protections and quotas. Close

• 9. [Article] International Refugee Law

  This article analyzes the international refugee law regime in order to analyze European Union policies towards asylum seekers in light of the Syrian refugee crisis. By comparing the 1951 Refugee Convention ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: International Refugee Law Author: Loveland, Olivia A. Year: 2016 This article analyzes the international refugee law regime in order to analyze European Union policies towards asylum seekers in light of the Syrian refugee crisis. By comparing the 1951 Refugee Convention and regional legal instruments such as the European Convention on Human Rights policies such as the Dublin Regulation and border controls are analyzed to determine their legality. These policies on the surface appear to be violating basic principle of International Refugee Law such as non-refoulement, however on closer inspection have legal basis. A trend among States to interpret the law in a way that deters refugees is rampant. With that said, there are cases that have found Human Rights violations. Title: International Refugee Law Author: Loveland, Olivia A. Year: 2016 This article analyzes the international refugee law regime in order to analyze European Union policies towards asylum seekers in light of the Syrian refugee crisis. By comparing the 1951 Refugee Convention and regional legal instruments such as the European Convention on Human Rights policies such as the Dublin Regulation and border controls are analyzed to determine their legality. These policies on the surface appear to be violating basic principle of International Refugee Law such as non-refoulement, however on closer inspection have legal basis. A trend among States to interpret the law in a way that deters refugees is rampant. With that said, there are cases that have found Human Rights violations. Close

• 10. [Article] Mathematical Model for Bone Mineralization

  Defective bone mineralization has serious clinical manifestations, including deformities and fractures, but the regulation of this extracellular process is not fully understood. We have developed a mathematical ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mathematical Model for Bone Mineralization Author: Komarova, Svetlana V., Safranek, Lee, Gopalakrishnan, Jay, Ou, Miao-jung Yvonne, McKee, Marc D., Murshed, Monzur, Rauch, Frank, Zuhr, Erica Year: 2015 Defective bone mineralization has serious clinical manifestations, including deformities and fractures, but the regulation of this extracellular process is not fully understood. We have developed a mathematical model consisting of ordinary differential equations that describe collagen maturation, production and degradation of inhibitors, and mineral nucleation and growth. We examined the roles of individual processes in generating normal and abnormal mineralization patterns characterized using two outcome measures: mineralization lag time and degree of mineralization. Model parameters describing the formation of hydroxyapatite mineral on the nucleating centers most potently affected the degree of mineralization, while the parameters describing inhibitor homeostasis most effectively changed the mineralization lag time. Of interest, a parameter describing the rate of matrix maturation emerged as being capable of counter-intuitively increasing both the mineralization lag time and the degree of mineralization. We validated the accuracy of model predictions using known diseases of bone mineralization such as osteogenesis imperfecta and X-linked hypophosphatemia. The model successfully describes the highly nonlinear mineralization dynamics, which includes an initial lag phase when osteoid is present but no mineralization is evident, then fast primary mineralization, followed by secondary mineralization characterized by a continuous slow increase in bone mineral content. The developed model can potentially predict the function for a mutated protein based on the histology of pathologic bone samples from mineralization disorders of unknown etiology. Title: Mathematical Model for Bone Mineralization Author: Komarova, Svetlana V., Safranek, Lee, Gopalakrishnan, Jay, Ou, Miao-jung Yvonne, McKee, Marc D., Murshed, Monzur, Rauch, Frank, Zuhr, Erica Year: 2015 Defective bone mineralization has serious clinical manifestations, including deformities and fractures, but the regulation of this extracellular process is not fully understood. We have developed a mathematical model consisting of ordinary differential equations that describe collagen maturation, production and degradation of inhibitors, and mineral nucleation and growth. We examined the roles of individual processes in generating normal and abnormal mineralization patterns characterized using two outcome measures: mineralization lag time and degree of mineralization. Model parameters describing the formation of hydroxyapatite mineral on the nucleating centers most potently affected the degree of mineralization, while the parameters describing inhibitor homeostasis most effectively changed the mineralization lag time. Of interest, a parameter describing the rate of matrix maturation emerged as being capable of counter-intuitively increasing both the mineralization lag time and the degree of mineralization. We validated the accuracy of model predictions using known diseases of bone mineralization such as osteogenesis imperfecta and X-linked hypophosphatemia. The model successfully describes the highly nonlinear mineralization dynamics, which includes an initial lag phase when osteoid is present but no mineralization is evident, then fast primary mineralization, followed by secondary mineralization characterized by a continuous slow increase in bone mineral content. The developed model can potentially predict the function for a mutated protein based on the histology of pathologic bone samples from mineralization disorders of unknown etiology. Close