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• 1. [Article] A, Chahta sia: Reevaluating the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act

  31 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A, Chahta sia: Reevaluating the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act Author: Reynolds, Mattie Year: 2014 31 pages Title: A, Chahta sia: Reevaluating the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act Author: Reynolds, Mattie Year: 2014 31 pages Close

• 2. [Article] Educating Native America: Breaking Down Barriers for Native Americans in Education

  7 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Educating Native America: Breaking Down Barriers for Native Americans in Education Author: Chock, Kaitlyn, Suh, Jenny Year: 2014 7 pages Title: Educating Native America: Breaking Down Barriers for Native Americans in Education Author: Chock, Kaitlyn, Suh, Jenny Year: 2014 7 pages Close

• 3. [Article] Well-Intentioned but Ineffective: A Legislative History of the California Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act

  72 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Well-Intentioned but Ineffective: A Legislative History of the California Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act Author: Rothman, Angela Year: 2017 72 pages Title: Well-Intentioned but Ineffective: A Legislative History of the California Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act Author: Rothman, Angela Year: 2017 72 pages Close

• 4. [Article] Music and Acculturation: Using Culture-focused Music Therapy to Address the Adverse Effects of Acculturative Stress

  More than any other demographic in the United States, Native American populations experience the highest rate of suicide proportional to population size. This is just one of numerous statistics indicative ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Music and Acculturation: Using Culture-focused Music Therapy to Address the Adverse Effects of Acculturative Stress Author: Arnold, Christopher A. Year: 2014 More than any other demographic in the United States, Native American populations experience the highest rate of suicide proportional to population size. This is just one of numerous statistics indicative of the overall status of Native American psychological health. There has been increasing research demonstrating that Native American suicide rate and depression is positively associated with acculturative stress, and negatively associated with traditional heritage cultural integration. Because an increased amount of acculturative stress for Native Americans is correlated with high suicide rate and occurrence of depression, while increased traditional culture integration may be linked to lower suicide rate and occurrence of depression, psychological intervention programs designed for Native Americans could benefit from exploring methods of decreasing acculturative stress while increasing heritage culture retention and exposure. Among the most central aspects of traditional Native American culture (and most cultures throughout human history) is the meaningful inclusion of music. Because music is a construct so intrinsic to the historical human experience, research has shown music as a form of therapy to be a vastly effective means of intervention for a wide variety of psychological issues. Combining the concept of traditional culture retention and exposure together with the construct of music therapy is an effective means of combating acculturative stress for Native American populations. The implementation of this "culture-focused music therapy program" would reduce acculturative stress by increasing and enriching traditional heritage culture identity for Native American individuals under psychological distress, thereby leading to an increase in overall psychological welfare. Title: Music and Acculturation: Using Culture-focused Music Therapy to Address the Adverse Effects of Acculturative Stress Author: Arnold, Christopher A. Year: 2014 More than any other demographic in the United States, Native American populations experience the highest rate of suicide proportional to population size. This is just one of numerous statistics indicative of the overall status of Native American psychological health. There has been increasing research demonstrating that Native American suicide rate and depression is positively associated with acculturative stress, and negatively associated with traditional heritage cultural integration. Because an increased amount of acculturative stress for Native Americans is correlated with high suicide rate and occurrence of depression, while increased traditional culture integration may be linked to lower suicide rate and occurrence of depression, psychological intervention programs designed for Native Americans could benefit from exploring methods of decreasing acculturative stress while increasing heritage culture retention and exposure. Among the most central aspects of traditional Native American culture (and most cultures throughout human history) is the meaningful inclusion of music. Because music is a construct so intrinsic to the historical human experience, research has shown music as a form of therapy to be a vastly effective means of intervention for a wide variety of psychological issues. Combining the concept of traditional culture retention and exposure together with the construct of music therapy is an effective means of combating acculturative stress for Native American populations. The implementation of this "culture-focused music therapy program" would reduce acculturative stress by increasing and enriching traditional heritage culture identity for Native American individuals under psychological distress, thereby leading to an increase in overall psychological welfare. Close

• 5. [Article] "The Right to Know": Decolonizing Native American Archives

  19 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "The Right to Know": Decolonizing Native American Archives Author: O'Neal, Jennifer R. Year: 2015 19 pages Title: "The Right to Know": Decolonizing Native American Archives Author: O'Neal, Jennifer R. Year: 2015 19 pages Close

• 6. [Article] New Ways to Fulfill Old Promises: Native American Hunting and Fishing Rights as Intangible Cultural Property

  40 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: New Ways to Fulfill Old Promises: Native American Hunting and Fishing Rights as Intangible Cultural Property Author: Garrott, Sarah A. Year: 2014 40 pages Title: New Ways to Fulfill Old Promises: Native American Hunting and Fishing Rights as Intangible Cultural Property Author: Garrott, Sarah A. Year: 2014 40 pages Close

• 7. [Article] Native Americans During the Civil Rights Era

  7 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Native Americans During the Civil Rights Era Author: Davis, Jason, Yannello, Zack Year: 2014 7 pages Title: Native Americans During the Civil Rights Era Author: Davis, Jason, Yannello, Zack Year: 2014 7 pages Close

• 8. [Article] Narratives of Native American Women and Tribal Courts: the Framing of the <i>Violence Against Women Act of 2013</i> in Mainstream, Native American, and Tribal Press Coverage

  The Violence Against Women Act is a legislation created to expand more legal rights and services to survivors of domestic violence or intimate partner violence. Frame analysis was used to examine the coverage ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Narratives of Native American Women and Tribal Courts: the Framing of the <i>Violence Against Women Act of 2013</i> in Mainstream, Native American, and Tribal Press Coverage Author: Sangster, Alesha Marie Year: 2016 The Violence Against Women Act is a legislation created to expand more legal rights and services to survivors of domestic violence or intimate partner violence. Frame analysis was used to examine the coverage of the Violence Against Women Act of 2013 in three genres of press media: mainstream press, Native American press, and tribal press. Based on the media frames produced in the three media genres, the legislation was presented as more of a conflicting or controversial issue in mainstream press through the use of the conflict frame and the "Indian as other" frame. But all news coverage also presented two emergent frames--the tribal sovereignty frame and the women's rights frame--that explained the importance of expanding tribal sovereignty in order to protect Native American women on reservations. The news coverage of VAWA 2013 in all press genres also included perspectives from federal and state governmental sources as well as perspectives from tribal governments, Native American organizations, and social service agencies. This report concludes by discussing the implications of the media frames and occupational source use in terms of the three media genres. Title: Narratives of Native American Women and Tribal Courts: the Framing of the <i>Violence Against Women Act of 2013</i> in Mainstream, Native American, and Tribal Press Coverage Author: Sangster, Alesha Marie Year: 2016 The Violence Against Women Act is a legislation created to expand more legal rights and services to survivors of domestic violence or intimate partner violence. Frame analysis was used to examine the coverage of the Violence Against Women Act of 2013 in three genres of press media: mainstream press, Native American press, and tribal press. Based on the media frames produced in the three media genres, the legislation was presented as more of a conflicting or controversial issue in mainstream press through the use of the conflict frame and the "Indian as other" frame. But all news coverage also presented two emergent frames--the tribal sovereignty frame and the women's rights frame--that explained the importance of expanding tribal sovereignty in order to protect Native American women on reservations. The news coverage of VAWA 2013 in all press genres also included perspectives from federal and state governmental sources as well as perspectives from tribal governments, Native American organizations, and social service agencies. This report concludes by discussing the implications of the media frames and occupational source use in terms of the three media genres. Close

• 9. [Article] Multiple Reoccupations after Four Paleotsunami Inundations (0.3–1.3 ka) at a Prehistoric Site in the Netarts Littoral Cell, Northern Oregon Coast, USA

  Netarts Bay is the setting of one of the largest concentrations of late prehistoric Native American settlements on the tectonically active Oregon coast. A prehistoric site (35TI74) exposed by sea cliff ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Multiple Reoccupations after Four Paleotsunami Inundations (0.3–1.3 ka) at a Prehistoric Site in the Netarts Littoral Cell, Northern Oregon Coast, USA Author: Minor, Rick, Peterson, Curt D. Year: 2017 Netarts Bay is the setting of one of the largest concentrations of late prehistoric Native American settlements on the tectonically active Oregon coast. A prehistoric site (35TI74) exposed by sea cliff erosion in 1998 at the south end of the Netarts littoral cell contained a stratigraphic record of activity by prehistoric Native Americans and interbedded paleotsunami deposits. The nearfield paleotsunamis were produced by great Cascadia earthquakes (Mw8.5 ± 0.5) emanating from the Cascadia Subduction Zone offshore, as previously documented in episodically buried tidal marsh surfaces at the south end of Netarts Bay and in many other estuaries in the region. The cultural deposits at 35TI74 reflect multiple reoccupations by Native Americans at this barrage creek flood plain site between paleotsunami runup events (≥7.5 m elevation) at 1.3 ka, 1.1 ka, 0.8–0.9 ka, and 0.3 ka. The conditions that led to the exposure of 35TI74 are traced to erosion of a protective beach dune ramp at the south end of the Netarts littoral cell, placing the site within reach of progressive storm-surf erosion. The diminishing geoarchaeological record at 35TI74 represents a microcosm of the sea cliff erosional processes that threaten vulnerable prehistoric shoreline archaeological sites along much of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Copyright © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Title: Multiple Reoccupations after Four Paleotsunami Inundations (0.3–1.3 ka) at a Prehistoric Site in the Netarts Littoral Cell, Northern Oregon Coast, USA Author: Minor, Rick, Peterson, Curt D. Year: 2017 Netarts Bay is the setting of one of the largest concentrations of late prehistoric Native American settlements on the tectonically active Oregon coast. A prehistoric site (35TI74) exposed by sea cliff erosion in 1998 at the south end of the Netarts littoral cell contained a stratigraphic record of activity by prehistoric Native Americans and interbedded paleotsunami deposits. The nearfield paleotsunamis were produced by great Cascadia earthquakes (Mw8.5 ± 0.5) emanating from the Cascadia Subduction Zone offshore, as previously documented in episodically buried tidal marsh surfaces at the south end of Netarts Bay and in many other estuaries in the region. The cultural deposits at 35TI74 reflect multiple reoccupations by Native Americans at this barrage creek flood plain site between paleotsunami runup events (≥7.5 m elevation) at 1.3 ka, 1.1 ka, 0.8–0.9 ka, and 0.3 ka. The conditions that led to the exposure of 35TI74 are traced to erosion of a protective beach dune ramp at the south end of the Netarts littoral cell, placing the site within reach of progressive storm-surf erosion. The diminishing geoarchaeological record at 35TI74 represents a microcosm of the sea cliff erosional processes that threaten vulnerable prehistoric shoreline archaeological sites along much of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Copyright © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Close

• 10. [Article] Runners of a Different Race: North American Indigenous Athletes and National Identities in the Early Twentieth Century

  This thesis explores the intersection of indigeneity and modernity in early-twentieth-century North America by examining Native Americans in competitive running arenas in both domestic and international ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Runners of a Different Race: North American Indigenous Athletes and National Identities in the Early Twentieth Century Author: Keegan, Tara Year: 2016 This thesis explores the intersection of indigeneity and modernity in early-twentieth-century North America by examining Native Americans in competitive running arenas in both domestic and international settings. Historians have analyzed sports to understand central facets of this intersection, including race, gender, nationalism, assimilation, and resistance. But running, specifically, embodies what was both indigenous and modern, a symbol of both racial and national worth at a time when those categories coexisted uneasily. The narrative follows one main case study: the “Redwood Highway Indian Marathon,” a 480-mile footrace from San Francisco, California, to Grants Pass, Oregon, contested between Native Americans from Northern California and New Mexico in 1927 and 1928. That race and others reveal how indigenous runners asserted both Native and modern American/Canadian/Mexican identities through sport, how mainstream societies understood modern indigenous people, and to what extent those societies embraced images of “Indianness” in regional and national identities, economies, and cultures. Title: Runners of a Different Race: North American Indigenous Athletes and National Identities in the Early Twentieth Century Author: Keegan, Tara Year: 2016 This thesis explores the intersection of indigeneity and modernity in early-twentieth-century North America by examining Native Americans in competitive running arenas in both domestic and international settings. Historians have analyzed sports to understand central facets of this intersection, including race, gender, nationalism, assimilation, and resistance. But running, specifically, embodies what was both indigenous and modern, a symbol of both racial and national worth at a time when those categories coexisted uneasily. The narrative follows one main case study: the “Redwood Highway Indian Marathon,” a 480-mile footrace from San Francisco, California, to Grants Pass, Oregon, contested between Native Americans from Northern California and New Mexico in 1927 and 1928. That race and others reveal how indigenous runners asserted both Native and modern American/Canadian/Mexican identities through sport, how mainstream societies understood modern indigenous people, and to what extent those societies embraced images of “Indianness” in regional and national identities, economies, and cultures. Close

• 11. [Article] Infusing Tribal Curriculum into K-12 Schools: A Case Study of Oregon’s Native American Educational Policies

  Not having accurate contemporary, historical and place-based curriculum drafted in consultation with tribes is a huge disservice and a violation of the trust agreements the United States government entered ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Infusing Tribal Curriculum into K-12 Schools: A Case Study of Oregon’s Native American Educational Policies Author: Garcia, Shadiin Year: 2017 Not having accurate contemporary, historical and place-based curriculum drafted in consultation with tribes is a huge disservice and a violation of the trust agreements the United States government entered into with its sovereign nations. Through a single state case study, this research explores how a tribally written curriculum attempts to address this violation by examining the state context of the Native American education landscape and state policy. This research utilizes the theoretical frameworks of Red Pedagogy, Tribal Critical Theory and Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy to explore the intentions of the tribal curriculum writers and the professional development provider of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde Tribal History curriculum unit; Oregon’s American Indian/Alaska Native Education State Plan, and the legislative policy of Senate Bill 13. The study concluded with the following implications for policy, theory, and practice: Indigenous curricular endeavors that center indigenous values, incorporate local context are important, and acknowledge the role of colonialism and are just part of the larger systemic response of decolonization; Implementation challenges are rooted in a colonized paradigm and expanding reform to the educator preparation and policy realm is critical so that all educators (Native and non-Native benefit); Addressing power and hegemonic structures in contexts outside of education (with the local indigenous communities) create a larger and necessary accountability scope; Indigenous knowledge is nuanced, varied, and evolving and thus, needs robust professional development that incorporates best and promising practices in concert with local indigenous communities for both inservice and preservice fields; And without policy and state incentives, the implementation challenges will continue. Title: Infusing Tribal Curriculum into K-12 Schools: A Case Study of Oregon’s Native American Educational Policies Author: Garcia, Shadiin Year: 2017 Not having accurate contemporary, historical and place-based curriculum drafted in consultation with tribes is a huge disservice and a violation of the trust agreements the United States government entered into with its sovereign nations. Through a single state case study, this research explores how a tribally written curriculum attempts to address this violation by examining the state context of the Native American education landscape and state policy. This research utilizes the theoretical frameworks of Red Pedagogy, Tribal Critical Theory and Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy to explore the intentions of the tribal curriculum writers and the professional development provider of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde Tribal History curriculum unit; Oregon’s American Indian/Alaska Native Education State Plan, and the legislative policy of Senate Bill 13. The study concluded with the following implications for policy, theory, and practice: Indigenous curricular endeavors that center indigenous values, incorporate local context are important, and acknowledge the role of colonialism and are just part of the larger systemic response of decolonization; Implementation challenges are rooted in a colonized paradigm and expanding reform to the educator preparation and policy realm is critical so that all educators (Native and non-Native benefit); Addressing power and hegemonic structures in contexts outside of education (with the local indigenous communities) create a larger and necessary accountability scope; Indigenous knowledge is nuanced, varied, and evolving and thus, needs robust professional development that incorporates best and promising practices in concert with local indigenous communities for both inservice and preservice fields; And without policy and state incentives, the implementation challenges will continue. Close

• 12. [Article] Tracking Fish and Human Response to Earthquakes on the Northwest Coast of Washington State, USA: A Preliminary Study at Tse-whit-zen

  Evidence of large earthquakes occurring along the Pacific Northwest Coast is reflected in coastal stratigraphy from Oregon to British Columbia, where there also exists an extensive archaeological record ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tracking Fish and Human Response to Earthquakes on the Northwest Coast of Washington State, USA: A Preliminary Study at Tse-whit-zen Author: Mohlenhoff, Kathryn A., Butler, Virginia L. Year: 2017 Evidence of large earthquakes occurring along the Pacific Northwest Coast is reflected in coastal stratigraphy from Oregon to British Columbia, where there also exists an extensive archaeological record of Native American occupation. Tse-whit-zen, a large Native American village dating between ∼2800 yrs BP and the historic era, located on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State, was excavated with exceptionally fine stratigraphic control allowing for precise comparison of these natural and cultural records. Here we report on the ∼10,000 fish remains from one 2 × 2 m excavation block; this assemblage spans the timing of one seismic event, allowing study of changes in relative taxonomic abundance through time that may coincide with earthquakes or other environmental changes. Results indicate a wide variety of fish taxa were used throughout the dated occupation. Comparisons of fish use before and after one earthquake event shows a decline in salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) and an increase in herring (Clupea pallasii), shifts consistent with earthquake-related habitat loss. This serves as a pilot study for a large-scale collaborative project that is drawing on the range in animal types (invertebrates, mammals, birds, and fishes) to assess human response to gradual and abrupt environmental change at Tse-whit-zen. Title: Tracking Fish and Human Response to Earthquakes on the Northwest Coast of Washington State, USA: A Preliminary Study at Tse-whit-zen Author: Mohlenhoff, Kathryn A., Butler, Virginia L. Year: 2017 Evidence of large earthquakes occurring along the Pacific Northwest Coast is reflected in coastal stratigraphy from Oregon to British Columbia, where there also exists an extensive archaeological record of Native American occupation. Tse-whit-zen, a large Native American village dating between ∼2800 yrs BP and the historic era, located on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State, was excavated with exceptionally fine stratigraphic control allowing for precise comparison of these natural and cultural records. Here we report on the ∼10,000 fish remains from one 2 × 2 m excavation block; this assemblage spans the timing of one seismic event, allowing study of changes in relative taxonomic abundance through time that may coincide with earthquakes or other environmental changes. Results indicate a wide variety of fish taxa were used throughout the dated occupation. Comparisons of fish use before and after one earthquake event shows a decline in salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) and an increase in herring (Clupea pallasii), shifts consistent with earthquake-related habitat loss. This serves as a pilot study for a large-scale collaborative project that is drawing on the range in animal types (invertebrates, mammals, birds, and fishes) to assess human response to gradual and abrupt environmental change at Tse-whit-zen. Close

• 13. [Article] "I'm Not a Rapper, I'm an Activist Who Rhymes": Native American Hip Hop, Activism, and Twenty-First Century Identities

  In this thesis, I examine the ways in which a growing number of Indigenous artists in the United States and Canada are using hip hop not only as a form of artistic expression, but also to vent frustration ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "I'm Not a Rapper, I'm an Activist Who Rhymes": Native American Hip Hop, Activism, and Twenty-First Century Identities Author: England, Megan Year: 2016 In this thesis, I examine the ways in which a growing number of Indigenous artists in the United States and Canada are using hip hop not only as a form of artistic expression, but also to vent frustration about and to draw attention to contemporary issues affecting their communities. These artists participate in a tradition of politically conscious performance that has influenced and been influenced by Indigenous social movements across North America. Indigenous hip hop serves to affirm and redefine twenty-first century Indigenous identities, disrupting and reinterpreting stereotypical representations of Native Americans in a process which I describe as an “authenticity loop.” By utilizing artistic choices and strategic representations of indigeneity, the artists I examine have firmly established that they along with their communities are not remnants of the past, even as they maintain a continuity between previous generations and the present day. Title: "I'm Not a Rapper, I'm an Activist Who Rhymes": Native American Hip Hop, Activism, and Twenty-First Century Identities Author: England, Megan Year: 2016 In this thesis, I examine the ways in which a growing number of Indigenous artists in the United States and Canada are using hip hop not only as a form of artistic expression, but also to vent frustration about and to draw attention to contemporary issues affecting their communities. These artists participate in a tradition of politically conscious performance that has influenced and been influenced by Indigenous social movements across North America. Indigenous hip hop serves to affirm and redefine twenty-first century Indigenous identities, disrupting and reinterpreting stereotypical representations of Native Americans in a process which I describe as an “authenticity loop.” By utilizing artistic choices and strategic representations of indigeneity, the artists I examine have firmly established that they along with their communities are not remnants of the past, even as they maintain a continuity between previous generations and the present day. Close

• 14. [Article] Green Is the New Black: African American Literature Informing Environmental Justice Law

  38 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Green Is the New Black: African American Literature Informing Environmental Justice Law Author: Prince, Shannon Joyce Year: 2017 38 pages Title: Green Is the New Black: African American Literature Informing Environmental Justice Law Author: Prince, Shannon Joyce Year: 2017 38 pages Close

• 15. [Article] (Re)Presenting Peoples and Storied Lands: Public Presentation of Archaeology and Representation of Native Americans in Selected Western U.S. Protected Areas

  Every year, hundreds of thousands of people visit the Native American ancestral lands in the western United States developed for tourism and recreation. The stewards of these lands seek to engage visitors ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: (Re)Presenting Peoples and Storied Lands: Public Presentation of Archaeology and Representation of Native Americans in Selected Western U.S. Protected Areas Author: Survant, Cerinda Year: 2016 Every year, hundreds of thousands of people visit the Native American ancestral lands in the western United States developed for tourism and recreation. The stewards of these lands seek to engage visitors and enrich their experience, and simultaneously to protect the lands' natural and cultural resources. To achieve their mission, protected areas regularly use interpretation -- materials and experiences that aim to educate visitors about resources and see them as personally meaningful. However, there is little literature on interpretive content in protected areas, few qualitative studies of interpretation as constructed by visitors and interpreters, and little literature on the representation of Native Americans in museums and protected areas. I consider the public presentation of archaeology at exemplary protected areas in the U.S. Southwest and Great Basin within a theoretical framework of governmentality and representation. Within a mixed-method research design, this project used participant-observation at thirteen protected area locales to identify interpretive content and representational strategies, and semi-structured interviews with 31 individuals to elicit staff and visitors' understandings of interpretation and display. This research found three types of narratives in the interpretation sampled-- scientific narratives, cultural narratives, and management messages. In general, scientific narratives appeared more frequently than cultural narratives and both appeared more frequently than management messages. Archaeology dominated scientific narratives, cultural continuity dominated cultural narratives, and orientation dominated management messages. In general, archaeology appeared with greater relative frequency than any other component of interpretive content. This study also found that interpretation predominantly adopted a third-person omniscient point of view and represented people predominantly in the ancient past. This study has both academic and applied outcomes. The work aims to contribute to the scant body of literature on interpretive content in protected areas stewarding natural and cultural resources, the few qualitative studies of interpretation as constructed by visitors and interpreters, and the existing literature on the representation of Native Americans in museums and protected areas as well as informing future interpretive practice. These findings inform a report on contemporary interpretive practice and recommendations for the public presentation of archaeology delivered to the US Fish and Wildlife Service in December 2013. Title: (Re)Presenting Peoples and Storied Lands: Public Presentation of Archaeology and Representation of Native Americans in Selected Western U.S. Protected Areas Author: Survant, Cerinda Year: 2016 Every year, hundreds of thousands of people visit the Native American ancestral lands in the western United States developed for tourism and recreation. The stewards of these lands seek to engage visitors and enrich their experience, and simultaneously to protect the lands' natural and cultural resources. To achieve their mission, protected areas regularly use interpretation -- materials and experiences that aim to educate visitors about resources and see them as personally meaningful. However, there is little literature on interpretive content in protected areas, few qualitative studies of interpretation as constructed by visitors and interpreters, and little literature on the representation of Native Americans in museums and protected areas. I consider the public presentation of archaeology at exemplary protected areas in the U.S. Southwest and Great Basin within a theoretical framework of governmentality and representation. Within a mixed-method research design, this project used participant-observation at thirteen protected area locales to identify interpretive content and representational strategies, and semi-structured interviews with 31 individuals to elicit staff and visitors' understandings of interpretation and display. This research found three types of narratives in the interpretation sampled-- scientific narratives, cultural narratives, and management messages. In general, scientific narratives appeared more frequently than cultural narratives and both appeared more frequently than management messages. Archaeology dominated scientific narratives, cultural continuity dominated cultural narratives, and orientation dominated management messages. In general, archaeology appeared with greater relative frequency than any other component of interpretive content. This study also found that interpretation predominantly adopted a third-person omniscient point of view and represented people predominantly in the ancient past. This study has both academic and applied outcomes. The work aims to contribute to the scant body of literature on interpretive content in protected areas stewarding natural and cultural resources, the few qualitative studies of interpretation as constructed by visitors and interpreters, and the existing literature on the representation of Native Americans in museums and protected areas as well as informing future interpretive practice. These findings inform a report on contemporary interpretive practice and recommendations for the public presentation of archaeology delivered to the US Fish and Wildlife Service in December 2013. Close

• 16. [Article] Public Funding and the Road to Damascus: The Legacy of Employment Division v. Smith

  14 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Public Funding and the Road to Damascus: The Legacy of Employment Division v. Smith Author: Epps, Garrett Year: 2016 14 pages Title: Public Funding and the Road to Damascus: The Legacy of Employment Division v. Smith Author: Epps, Garrett Year: 2016 14 pages Close

• 17. [Article] A Century of Uncertainty and the New Politics of Indian Water Settlements: How Tribes and States Can Overcome the Chilling Effect of the PAYGO Act

  24 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Century of Uncertainty and the New Politics of Indian Water Settlements: How Tribes and States Can Overcome the Chilling Effect of the PAYGO Act Author: Lee, Daniel K. Year: 2014 24 pages Title: A Century of Uncertainty and the New Politics of Indian Water Settlements: How Tribes and States Can Overcome the Chilling Effect of the PAYGO Act Author: Lee, Daniel K. Year: 2014 24 pages Close

• 18. [Article] Northern Paiute History Project Paper Collection 2014

  146 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Northern Paiute History Project Paper Collection 2014 Author: Hwang, Soo, Lerner, Kimi, Raether, Jan, Smith, Simone, Weissman, Madeline Year: 2014 146 pages Title: Northern Paiute History Project Paper Collection 2014 Author: Hwang, Soo, Lerner, Kimi, Raether, Jan, Smith, Simone, Weissman, Madeline Year: 2014 146 pages Close

• 19. [Article] Devils Tower/Bear Lodge: Sacred Site and Modern Conflict

  This paper examines the naming controversy surrounding The Devils Tower/Bear Lodge National Monument.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Devils Tower/Bear Lodge: Sacred Site and Modern Conflict Author: Sherrick, Alexa Year: 2014 This paper examines the naming controversy surrounding The Devils Tower/Bear Lodge National Monument. Title: Devils Tower/Bear Lodge: Sacred Site and Modern Conflict Author: Sherrick, Alexa Year: 2014 This paper examines the naming controversy surrounding The Devils Tower/Bear Lodge National Monument. Close

• 20. [Article] From the Plains to the Plateau: Indian and Emigrant Interactions During the Overland Trail Migrations

  American emigrants frequently encountered Native North Americans during the overland trail migrations of the 1840s-1860s. This study examines the frequency and nature of those interactions in two geographic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: From the Plains to the Plateau: Indian and Emigrant Interactions During the Overland Trail Migrations Author: Smith, Christopher Year: 2014 American emigrants frequently encountered Native North Americans during the overland trail migrations of the 1840s-1860s. This study examines the frequency and nature of those interactions in two geographic sections: the first half of the trail, from the Missouri River to the eastern slope of the South Pass of the Rocky Mountains, and the second half, from the western slope of South Pass to Oregon City, Oregon. While the predominant historiography of these migrations has focused on a binary of hostile or non-hostile interactions between Indians and emigrants, the focus on violence has obscured the larger issue of frequent and amicable interactions between emigrants and Indian peoples along the overland route. Factors such as trade, the availability of resources, and cultural differences influenced the nature of these inter-ethnic interactions, which varied from the beginning of the trail on the Plains to the end of the trail on the Columbia Plateau. Title: From the Plains to the Plateau: Indian and Emigrant Interactions During the Overland Trail Migrations Author: Smith, Christopher Year: 2014 American emigrants frequently encountered Native North Americans during the overland trail migrations of the 1840s-1860s. This study examines the frequency and nature of those interactions in two geographic sections: the first half of the trail, from the Missouri River to the eastern slope of the South Pass of the Rocky Mountains, and the second half, from the western slope of South Pass to Oregon City, Oregon. While the predominant historiography of these migrations has focused on a binary of hostile or non-hostile interactions between Indians and emigrants, the focus on violence has obscured the larger issue of frequent and amicable interactions between emigrants and Indian peoples along the overland route. Factors such as trade, the availability of resources, and cultural differences influenced the nature of these inter-ethnic interactions, which varied from the beginning of the trail on the Plains to the end of the trail on the Columbia Plateau. Close

• 21. [Article] AMERICAN ENVIRONMENTALISM AND CROSS-CULTURAL CONFLICT: AN EXAMINATION OF THE MAKAH NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBE’S STRUGGLE FOR RECLAMATION OF WHALING RIGHTS

  107 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Political Science and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: AMERICAN ENVIRONMENTALISM AND CROSS-CULTURAL CONFLICT: AN EXAMINATION OF THE MAKAH NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBE’S STRUGGLE FOR RECLAMATION OF WHALING RIGHTS Author: Gordon, Miles Year: 2016 107 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Political Science and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Spring 2016. Title: AMERICAN ENVIRONMENTALISM AND CROSS-CULTURAL CONFLICT: AN EXAMINATION OF THE MAKAH NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBE’S STRUGGLE FOR RECLAMATION OF WHALING RIGHTS Author: Gordon, Miles Year: 2016 107 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Political Science and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Spring 2016. Close

• 22. [Article] Does Voluntary Reading Matter? The Influences of Voluntary Reading on Student Achievement

  Does voluntary reading matter? While there is much known about the benefits to children who engage in sustained silent reading, commercial reading programs implemented as a result of No Child Left Behind ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Does Voluntary Reading Matter? The Influences of Voluntary Reading on Student Achievement Author: Yeigh, Maika Jolene Year: 2014 Does voluntary reading matter? While there is much known about the benefits to children who engage in sustained silent reading, commercial reading programs implemented as a result of No Child Left Behind often displace time for children to silently read (NCLB, 2002). An increase in the amount of time children spend with a commercial reading program has meant a decrease in time provided for in-school voluntary reading during the elementary literacy block (Brenner & Hiebert, 2010). This quantitative study used the 2011 restricted-use National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) data to determine whether opportunities provided to children for in-school voluntary reading impacted fourth-grade students' achievement levels. The study also considered whether there were differences in the amount of time provided for in-school voluntary reading and choice in reading material to children of differing income levels and ethnic backgrounds. Contingency tables and a multiple linear regression model were used to find associations between achievement data and questionnaire responses. Findings concluded that children who qualified to participate in the National School Lunch Program, as well as Black, Hispanic, and Native American children, have fewer opportunities to silently read, and choose their own books during the school day. For most children, there was a positive relationship between time and choice in reading at school with achievement scores. Black, Hispanic, and Native American children experienced a commercial reading program at a higher rate than their white and Asian peers; there were no detected differences in reading program structure based on economic affluence. The discussion includes consideration of time to silent read at school and choice in reading material as a part of an "opportunity gap" (Darling-Hammond, 2013) that causes disparities in the quality of education provided to children from different backgrounds, and which could also be a factor to the larger achievement gap. Policy implications are discussed. Title: Does Voluntary Reading Matter? The Influences of Voluntary Reading on Student Achievement Author: Yeigh, Maika Jolene Year: 2014 Does voluntary reading matter? While there is much known about the benefits to children who engage in sustained silent reading, commercial reading programs implemented as a result of No Child Left Behind often displace time for children to silently read (NCLB, 2002). An increase in the amount of time children spend with a commercial reading program has meant a decrease in time provided for in-school voluntary reading during the elementary literacy block (Brenner & Hiebert, 2010). This quantitative study used the 2011 restricted-use National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) data to determine whether opportunities provided to children for in-school voluntary reading impacted fourth-grade students' achievement levels. The study also considered whether there were differences in the amount of time provided for in-school voluntary reading and choice in reading material to children of differing income levels and ethnic backgrounds. Contingency tables and a multiple linear regression model were used to find associations between achievement data and questionnaire responses. Findings concluded that children who qualified to participate in the National School Lunch Program, as well as Black, Hispanic, and Native American children, have fewer opportunities to silently read, and choose their own books during the school day. For most children, there was a positive relationship between time and choice in reading at school with achievement scores. Black, Hispanic, and Native American children experienced a commercial reading program at a higher rate than their white and Asian peers; there were no detected differences in reading program structure based on economic affluence. The discussion includes consideration of time to silent read at school and choice in reading material as a part of an "opportunity gap" (Darling-Hammond, 2013) that causes disparities in the quality of education provided to children from different backgrounds, and which could also be a factor to the larger achievement gap. Policy implications are discussed. Close

• 23. [Article] Informing Oregon's Marine Protected Area (MPA) Baseline: Past and Present Tribal Uses of Marine Resources

  Native American tribes with ancestral land adjacent to the coast have gathered, hunted, and fished marine resources for millennia. In 2012, the state of Oregon designated five marine sites as reserves ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Informing Oregon's Marine Protected Area (MPA) Baseline: Past and Present Tribal Uses of Marine Resources Author: Comet, Sabra Marie TallChief Year: 2017 Native American tribes with ancestral land adjacent to the coast have gathered, hunted, and fished marine resources for millennia. In 2012, the state of Oregon designated five marine sites as reserves in which ocean development and harvest were prohibited. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are paired with each of the reserves and have less stringent “take” restrictions. Conflict over tribal use of MPAs have arisen in other states (e.g., California) as designation of MPAs and Reserves can impact subsistence, ceremonial, and traditional uses. My master’s thesis is intended to inform Oregon MPA management by developing a dataset that will describe tribal past (ancestral) and present (recent, within the current generation) uses of marine resources. I have collected interview and survey data to document marine resource use by tribal peoples on the Oregon coast in or near current and planned MPA’s. The interview protocols I used were developed for northern California’s MPA Baseline project and use a mixture of long and short questions, as well as an interactive mapping exercise. Interviews will target current fishermen/gatherers and tribal elders. Outcomes from the project will help Oregon coastal managers incorporate tribal uses into MPA management. Title: Informing Oregon's Marine Protected Area (MPA) Baseline: Past and Present Tribal Uses of Marine Resources Author: Comet, Sabra Marie TallChief Year: 2017 Native American tribes with ancestral land adjacent to the coast have gathered, hunted, and fished marine resources for millennia. In 2012, the state of Oregon designated five marine sites as reserves in which ocean development and harvest were prohibited. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are paired with each of the reserves and have less stringent “take” restrictions. Conflict over tribal use of MPAs have arisen in other states (e.g., California) as designation of MPAs and Reserves can impact subsistence, ceremonial, and traditional uses. My master’s thesis is intended to inform Oregon MPA management by developing a dataset that will describe tribal past (ancestral) and present (recent, within the current generation) uses of marine resources. I have collected interview and survey data to document marine resource use by tribal peoples on the Oregon coast in or near current and planned MPA’s. The interview protocols I used were developed for northern California’s MPA Baseline project and use a mixture of long and short questions, as well as an interactive mapping exercise. Interviews will target current fishermen/gatherers and tribal elders. Outcomes from the project will help Oregon coastal managers incorporate tribal uses into MPA management. Close

• 24. [Article] Treatment of Native American human remains discovered inadvertently or through criminal investigations on private and non-federal public lands in Oregon

  This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Treatment of Native American human remains discovered inadvertently or through criminal investigations on private and non-federal public lands in Oregon Year: 2015 This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes. Title: Treatment of Native American human remains discovered inadvertently or through criminal investigations on private and non-federal public lands in Oregon Year: 2015 This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes. Close

• 25. [Image] Hali’a Parish Oral History Interview

  	Hali'a Parish was born in Honolulu, Hawaii; her hometown is 'Ewa Beach, Hawaii on the island of O'ahu. At the time of the interview she was a senior studying Speech Communication and Innovation Management. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hali’a Parish Oral History Interview Year: 2014 Hali'a Parish was born in Honolulu, Hawaii; her hometown is 'Ewa Beach, Hawaii on the island of O'ahu. At the time of the interview she was a senior studying Speech Communication and Innovation Management. Parish discusses her transition from the Native American Longhouse to the Asian & Pacific Cultural Center in order to relate with shared identities and ethnicities; working as an activities coordinator at the APCC; personal challenges with time management; her other position as the Luau Coordinator for Hui O Hawai'i; successes of building friendships with other students, creating events such as "Dream Out Loud" and "Native Sands, Native Lands"; performing at the APCC ground breaking ceremony; desires for more collaboration between the cultural centers; advice to future staff; understanding her identity; and appreciation for the Diversity Development and staff. Link to Audio Recording: https://media.oregonstate.edu/media/t/0_r5ye0kd2 Title: Hali’a Parish Oral History Interview Year: 2014 Hali'a Parish was born in Honolulu, Hawaii; her hometown is 'Ewa Beach, Hawaii on the island of O'ahu. At the time of the interview she was a senior studying Speech Communication and Innovation Management. Parish discusses her transition from the Native American Longhouse to the Asian & Pacific Cultural Center in order to relate with shared identities and ethnicities; working as an activities coordinator at the APCC; personal challenges with time management; her other position as the Luau Coordinator for Hui O Hawai'i; successes of building friendships with other students, creating events such as "Dream Out Loud" and "Native Sands, Native Lands"; performing at the APCC ground breaking ceremony; desires for more collaboration between the cultural centers; advice to future staff; understanding her identity; and appreciation for the Diversity Development and staff. Link to Audio Recording: https://media.oregonstate.edu/media/t/0_r5ye0kd2 Close

• 26. [Article] Music and Race in the American West

  This thesis explores the complexities of race relations in the nineteenth century American West. The groups considered here are African Americans, Anglo Americans, Chinese, Mexican Americans, and Native ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Music and Race in the American West Author: Schneider, William Steven Year: 2017 This thesis explores the complexities of race relations in the nineteenth century American West. The groups considered here are African Americans, Anglo Americans, Chinese, Mexican Americans, and Native Americans. In recent decades historians of the West have begun to tell the narratives of racial minorities. This study adopts the aims of these scholars through a new lens--music. Ultimately, this thesis argues that historians can use music, both individual songs and broader conceptions about music, to understand the complex and contradictory race relations of the nineteenth century west. Proceeding thematically, the first chapter explores the ways Anglo Americans used music to exert their dominance and defend their superiority over minorities. The second chapter examines the ways racial minorities used music to counter Anglo American dominance and exercise their own agency. The final chapter considers the ways in which music fostered peaceful and cooperative relationships between races. Following each chapter is a short interlude which discusses the musical innovations that occurred when the groups encountered the musical heritage of one another. This study demonstrates that music is an underutilized resource for historical analysis. It helps make comprehensible the complicated relations between races. By demonstrating the relevance of music to the history of race relations, this thesis also suggests that music as a historical subject is ripe for further analysis. Title: Music and Race in the American West Author: Schneider, William Steven Year: 2017 This thesis explores the complexities of race relations in the nineteenth century American West. The groups considered here are African Americans, Anglo Americans, Chinese, Mexican Americans, and Native Americans. In recent decades historians of the West have begun to tell the narratives of racial minorities. This study adopts the aims of these scholars through a new lens--music. Ultimately, this thesis argues that historians can use music, both individual songs and broader conceptions about music, to understand the complex and contradictory race relations of the nineteenth century west. Proceeding thematically, the first chapter explores the ways Anglo Americans used music to exert their dominance and defend their superiority over minorities. The second chapter examines the ways racial minorities used music to counter Anglo American dominance and exercise their own agency. The final chapter considers the ways in which music fostered peaceful and cooperative relationships between races. Following each chapter is a short interlude which discusses the musical innovations that occurred when the groups encountered the musical heritage of one another. This study demonstrates that music is an underutilized resource for historical analysis. It helps make comprehensible the complicated relations between races. By demonstrating the relevance of music to the history of race relations, this thesis also suggests that music as a historical subject is ripe for further analysis. Close

• 27. [Article] Shaping Whiteclay: Agency and Desire in the Preservation of American Indian Sites

  Historic preservationists have struggled with how to best interpret the diverse history of the United States. This is especially true when faced with sites that represent the continued colonization of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Shaping Whiteclay: Agency and Desire in the Preservation of American Indian Sites Author: Schwartz, Tracy Year: 2014 Historic preservationists have struggled with how to best interpret the diverse history of the United States. This is especially true when faced with sites that represent the continued colonization of American Indian populations. While preservationists are continually striving to provide a more inclusive history, historic sites remain where preservationists are omitting Native voice, perpetuating stereotypes, and telling history with an emphasis on damage within communities. Whiteclay, Nebraska offers a case study of a site with a complex history where multiple cultures have embedded the same place with different meaning. This thesis argues that through the incorporation of agency, the challenging of stereotypes, and the addition of desire-based research into the historic preservation field, a re-interpretation of Whiteclay, as well as other sites with multifaceted pasts, can emerge and places of colonization can become places of healing. Title: Shaping Whiteclay: Agency and Desire in the Preservation of American Indian Sites Author: Schwartz, Tracy Year: 2014 Historic preservationists have struggled with how to best interpret the diverse history of the United States. This is especially true when faced with sites that represent the continued colonization of American Indian populations. While preservationists are continually striving to provide a more inclusive history, historic sites remain where preservationists are omitting Native voice, perpetuating stereotypes, and telling history with an emphasis on damage within communities. Whiteclay, Nebraska offers a case study of a site with a complex history where multiple cultures have embedded the same place with different meaning. This thesis argues that through the incorporation of agency, the challenging of stereotypes, and the addition of desire-based research into the historic preservation field, a re-interpretation of Whiteclay, as well as other sites with multifaceted pasts, can emerge and places of colonization can become places of healing. Close

• 28. [Article] Unsettling the Gold Mountain: Asian Americans in Decolonial Resistance

  82 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Ethnic Studies and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Fall ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Unsettling the Gold Mountain: Asian Americans in Decolonial Resistance Author: Smoot, Karyn Year: 2014, 2013 82 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Ethnic Studies and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Fall 2013. Title: Unsettling the Gold Mountain: Asian Americans in Decolonial Resistance Author: Smoot, Karyn Year: 2014, 2013 82 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Ethnic Studies and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Fall 2013. Close

• 29. [Article] The ‘Other’ Chautauqua: Examining Race in American Performance

  72 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The ‘Other’ Chautauqua: Examining Race in American Performance Author: Dietz, Zachary Year: 2015 72 pages Title: The ‘Other’ Chautauqua: Examining Race in American Performance Author: Dietz, Zachary Year: 2015 72 pages Close

• 30. [Article] Roving Exhibits

  Book exhibits are commonplace in most libraries, but the idea of Roving Exhibits just recently came about at the Library. In the Fall 2013, an exhibit was set up at a student event, a PowWow celebration ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Roving Exhibits Author: Salazar, Arlene Year: 2014 Book exhibits are commonplace in most libraries, but the idea of Roving Exhibits just recently came about at the Library. In the Fall 2013, an exhibit was set up at a student event, a PowWow celebration of native oral tradition, sponsored by the Native American Student Association. The exhibit was a culmination of collection development efforts on the part of the education liaison, who is also in charge of the juvenile collection, over the course of 5 years. Continuation and expansion of roving exhibits will provide an opportunity for the library to physically take in-library exhibits out to the university community so that they can see all the library has to offer related to their interests. Looking for possible exhibit opportunities also prompts librarians to ensure adequate material is related to various student organizations and events. Many attendees at the PowWow exhibit commented that they didn't even realize the library had such resources or a juvenile collection. Title: Roving Exhibits Author: Salazar, Arlene Year: 2014 Book exhibits are commonplace in most libraries, but the idea of Roving Exhibits just recently came about at the Library. In the Fall 2013, an exhibit was set up at a student event, a PowWow celebration of native oral tradition, sponsored by the Native American Student Association. The exhibit was a culmination of collection development efforts on the part of the education liaison, who is also in charge of the juvenile collection, over the course of 5 years. Continuation and expansion of roving exhibits will provide an opportunity for the library to physically take in-library exhibits out to the university community so that they can see all the library has to offer related to their interests. Looking for possible exhibit opportunities also prompts librarians to ensure adequate material is related to various student organizations and events. Many attendees at the PowWow exhibit commented that they didn't even realize the library had such resources or a juvenile collection. Close

• 31. [Article] Massacre on the Plains: A Better Way to Conceptualize Genocide on American Soil

  This thesis examines the massacres of the Plains Indian Wars in the United States (1851-1890) and how they relate to contemporary theories of genocide. By using the Plains Indian Wars as a case study, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Massacre on the Plains: A Better Way to Conceptualize Genocide on American Soil Author: Kell, Keaton Year: 2017 This thesis examines the massacres of the Plains Indian Wars in the United States (1851-1890) and how they relate to contemporary theories of genocide. By using the Plains Indian Wars as a case study, a critique can be made of theories which inform predictive models and genocide policy. This thesis analyzes newspaper articles, histories, congressional investigations, presidential speeches, and administrative policies surrounding the four primary massacres perpetrated by the United States during this time. An ideology of racial superiority and fears of insecurity, impurity, and insurgency drove the actions of the white settler-colonialists and their military counterparts. Still, despite the theoretical emphasis on massacre in genocide theory, massacres on the Plains were relatively rare compared to the use of other genocidal tactics. This demonstrates that contemporary genocide theorists must be careful not to unintentionally limit thinking on genocide to strict military or militia led violence. Title: Massacre on the Plains: A Better Way to Conceptualize Genocide on American Soil Author: Kell, Keaton Year: 2017 This thesis examines the massacres of the Plains Indian Wars in the United States (1851-1890) and how they relate to contemporary theories of genocide. By using the Plains Indian Wars as a case study, a critique can be made of theories which inform predictive models and genocide policy. This thesis analyzes newspaper articles, histories, congressional investigations, presidential speeches, and administrative policies surrounding the four primary massacres perpetrated by the United States during this time. An ideology of racial superiority and fears of insecurity, impurity, and insurgency drove the actions of the white settler-colonialists and their military counterparts. Still, despite the theoretical emphasis on massacre in genocide theory, massacres on the Plains were relatively rare compared to the use of other genocidal tactics. This demonstrates that contemporary genocide theorists must be careful not to unintentionally limit thinking on genocide to strict military or militia led violence. Close

• 32. [Article] "The Other" in Their Own Land: Orientalism, Genocide, and the Northern Paiute of the Oregon Great Basin

  121 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of International Studies and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "The Other" in Their Own Land: Orientalism, Genocide, and the Northern Paiute of the Oregon Great Basin Author: Israel-Megerssa, Ayantu Kief Year: 2017 121 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of International Studies and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Spring 2017 Title: "The Other" in Their Own Land: Orientalism, Genocide, and the Northern Paiute of the Oregon Great Basin Author: Israel-Megerssa, Ayantu Kief Year: 2017 121 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of International Studies and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Spring 2017 Close

• 33. [Article] A History of Racism and Prejudice: The Untold Story of the Northern Paiute The Portrayal of the Past in the Present

  Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: 2013-2014. 29 pages.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A History of Racism and Prejudice: The Untold Story of the Northern Paiute The Portrayal of the Past in the Present Author: Lerner, Kimi Year: 2014, 2013 Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: 2013-2014. 29 pages. Title: A History of Racism and Prejudice: The Untold Story of the Northern Paiute The Portrayal of the Past in the Present Author: Lerner, Kimi Year: 2014, 2013 Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: 2013-2014. 29 pages. Close

• 34. [Article] The Effects of Perceived Phenotypic Racial Stereotypicality and Social Identity Threat on Racial Minorities' Attitudes About Police

  This study examines the role of perceived phenotypic racial stereotypicality and race-based social identity threat on racial minorities’ trust and cooperation with police. We hypothesize that in police ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Effects of Perceived Phenotypic Racial Stereotypicality and Social Identity Threat on Racial Minorities' Attitudes About Police Author: Kahn, Kimberly Barsamian, Lee, J. Katherine, Renauer, Brian, Henning, Kris R., Stewart, Greg Year: 2016 This study examines the role of perceived phenotypic racial stereotypicality and race-based social identity threat on racial minorities’ trust and cooperation with police. We hypothesize that in police interactions, racial minorities’ phenotypic racial stereotypicality may increase race-based social identity threat, which will lead to distrust and decreased participation with police. Racial minorities (Blacks, Latinos, Native Americans, and multi-racials) and Whites from a representative random sample of city residents were surveyed about policing attitudes. A serial multiple mediation model confirmed that racial minorities' self-rated phenotypic racial stereotypicality indirectly affected future cooperation through social identity threat and trust. Due to the lack of negative group stereotypes in policing, the model did not hold for Whites. This study provides evidence that phenotypic stereotypicality influences racial minorities' psychological experiences interacting with police. Title: The Effects of Perceived Phenotypic Racial Stereotypicality and Social Identity Threat on Racial Minorities' Attitudes About Police Author: Kahn, Kimberly Barsamian, Lee, J. Katherine, Renauer, Brian, Henning, Kris R., Stewart, Greg Year: 2016 This study examines the role of perceived phenotypic racial stereotypicality and race-based social identity threat on racial minorities’ trust and cooperation with police. We hypothesize that in police interactions, racial minorities’ phenotypic racial stereotypicality may increase race-based social identity threat, which will lead to distrust and decreased participation with police. Racial minorities (Blacks, Latinos, Native Americans, and multi-racials) and Whites from a representative random sample of city residents were surveyed about policing attitudes. A serial multiple mediation model confirmed that racial minorities' self-rated phenotypic racial stereotypicality indirectly affected future cooperation through social identity threat and trust. Due to the lack of negative group stereotypes in policing, the model did not hold for Whites. This study provides evidence that phenotypic stereotypicality influences racial minorities' psychological experiences interacting with police. Close

• 35. [Article] Knowledge Spaces and The Politics of Pedagogy: Politicizing Portland State University’s Environmental Education Paradigms

  I critically consider Portland State University’s Environmental Science and Management (ESM) department’s strategies in presenting Western scientific and Indigenous knowledge in regard to environmental ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Knowledge Spaces and The Politics of Pedagogy: Politicizing Portland State University’s Environmental Education Paradigms Author: Kramer, Sasha Year: 2017 I critically consider Portland State University’s Environmental Science and Management (ESM) department’s strategies in presenting Western scientific and Indigenous knowledge in regard to environmental management and interaction through the ESM department’s core curriculum. I conduct qualitative primary research through semi-structured interviews with two faculty members from the ESM department, an ESM student, and a faculty member in the Nation Studies department. The interviews illustrate the gap in the ESM’s core curriculum where multicultural perspectives are not represented. My research works to understand this gap by considering the historical, political, and economic constructs for the ways in which knowledge systems of the subaltern are marginalized. Finally, this thesis prescribes the integration of Native American traditional ecological knowledge through a focused course offered in the ESM core curriculum to counter these systems. Title: Knowledge Spaces and The Politics of Pedagogy: Politicizing Portland State University’s Environmental Education Paradigms Author: Kramer, Sasha Year: 2017 I critically consider Portland State University’s Environmental Science and Management (ESM) department’s strategies in presenting Western scientific and Indigenous knowledge in regard to environmental management and interaction through the ESM department’s core curriculum. I conduct qualitative primary research through semi-structured interviews with two faculty members from the ESM department, an ESM student, and a faculty member in the Nation Studies department. The interviews illustrate the gap in the ESM’s core curriculum where multicultural perspectives are not represented. My research works to understand this gap by considering the historical, political, and economic constructs for the ways in which knowledge systems of the subaltern are marginalized. Finally, this thesis prescribes the integration of Native American traditional ecological knowledge through a focused course offered in the ESM core curriculum to counter these systems. Close

• 36. [Article] Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon

  Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon studies the near extinction of what has been historically the world’s largest salmon population. By examining the issue systemically, my ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon Author: Levin, Samuel J Year: 2016 Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon studies the near extinction of what has been historically the world’s largest salmon population. By examining the issue systemically, my paper reveals that the environmental misjudgments that have brought the salmon so near extinction are not isolated, but rather are the product of cultural trends. A study of these misjudgments reveals a culture within the Columbia Basin that has, since the mid-19th century, sought expansion for expansion’s sake and valued short-term wealth over long-term sustainability. My paper illustrates how his philosophy has guided and continues to guide Columbia Basin fisheries management to neglect not just environmental and Native American considerations, but pragmatic ones as well. Title: Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon Author: Levin, Samuel J Year: 2016 Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon studies the near extinction of what has been historically the world’s largest salmon population. By examining the issue systemically, my paper reveals that the environmental misjudgments that have brought the salmon so near extinction are not isolated, but rather are the product of cultural trends. A study of these misjudgments reveals a culture within the Columbia Basin that has, since the mid-19th century, sought expansion for expansion’s sake and valued short-term wealth over long-term sustainability. My paper illustrates how his philosophy has guided and continues to guide Columbia Basin fisheries management to neglect not just environmental and Native American considerations, but pragmatic ones as well. Close

• 37. [Article] Transforming Regulatory Processes: Karuk Participation in the Klamath River Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Process

  This thesis examines the extent to which the Karuk Tribe has participated in natural resource management regulatory processes, using the Klamath River Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) process as a particular ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Transforming Regulatory Processes: Karuk Participation in the Klamath River Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Process Author: Stoll, Shannan Year: 2016 This thesis examines the extent to which the Karuk Tribe has participated in natural resource management regulatory processes, using the Klamath River Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) process as a particular case study for evaluation. One of the most effective ways that the Tribe participates in the TMDL process is through the rigorous adoption of the technical tools of regulatory science. Collaboration with nontribal organizations is also used to build capacity for participation. The Tribe’s active participation in the TMDL process has in turn shaped the process, making it more inclusive of tribal values and traditional knowledge, improving overall scientific inquiry, and facilitating increased cooperation among tribal and non-tribal resource managers. At the same time, the Tribe’s participation in the process remains “uneven,” underscoring the ongoing challenge of making regulatory processes that recognize the legitimacy of tribal knowledge and values. Title: Transforming Regulatory Processes: Karuk Participation in the Klamath River Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Process Author: Stoll, Shannan Year: 2016 This thesis examines the extent to which the Karuk Tribe has participated in natural resource management regulatory processes, using the Klamath River Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) process as a particular case study for evaluation. One of the most effective ways that the Tribe participates in the TMDL process is through the rigorous adoption of the technical tools of regulatory science. Collaboration with nontribal organizations is also used to build capacity for participation. The Tribe’s active participation in the TMDL process has in turn shaped the process, making it more inclusive of tribal values and traditional knowledge, improving overall scientific inquiry, and facilitating increased cooperation among tribal and non-tribal resource managers. At the same time, the Tribe’s participation in the process remains “uneven,” underscoring the ongoing challenge of making regulatory processes that recognize the legitimacy of tribal knowledge and values. Close

• 38. [Article] TRIBAL LEGACIES: Collections from the University of Oregon Libraries

  42 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: TRIBAL LEGACIES: Collections from the University of Oregon Libraries Author: Special Collections & University Archives, University of Oregon Libraries Year: 2015, 2013 42 pages Title: TRIBAL LEGACIES: Collections from the University of Oregon Libraries Author: Special Collections & University Archives, University of Oregon Libraries Year: 2015, 2013 42 pages Close

• 39. [Article] Cetacean Hunting at the Par-Tee Site (35CLT 20)?: Ethnographic, Artifact, and Blood Residue Analysis Investigation

  Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: 2013-2014. 59 pages.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cetacean Hunting at the Par-Tee Site (35CLT 20)?: Ethnographic, Artifact, and Blood Residue Analysis Investigation Author: Sanchez, Gabriel Year: 2014 Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: 2013-2014. 59 pages. Title: Cetacean Hunting at the Par-Tee Site (35CLT 20)?: Ethnographic, Artifact, and Blood Residue Analysis Investigation Author: Sanchez, Gabriel Year: 2014 Submitted to the Undergraduate Library Research Award scholarship competition: 2013-2014. 59 pages. Close

• 40. [Article] Misconceptions of “Stupendous Antiquities” : Native American Mounds, Euro-Americans, and Racial Ideas

  Across North America, remnants exist of the ancient works of Indigenous peoples. Prime examples are the long-abandoned city of Cahokia near present-day St. Louis, Illinois, which was once a bustling city ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Misconceptions of “Stupendous Antiquities” : Native American Mounds, Euro-Americans, and Racial Ideas Author: Hart, Lily Year: 2017 Across North America, remnants exist of the ancient works of Indigenous peoples. Prime examples are the long-abandoned city of Cahokia near present-day St. Louis, Illinois, which was once a bustling city larger than London in 1200 AD. In Cahokia, there are mounds that are as high as one hundred feet and a “Woodhenge” that functions as a calendar. Despite these impressive displays of engineering, urban planning, and understanding of astronomy, Cahokia was not protected as a National Historic Landmark until 1964--this late protection was the case for many of the mounds across America. Many mounds were plowed over and pueblos decayed before this happened. Non-natives attributed these works to other cultures, from Hindus to the Lost Tribes of Israel to the Welsh to aliens. Anglo-Americans of the time were faced with somewhat of a conundrum. They wanted to have antiquities as grand as Rome’s, yet they also did not want to admit that these antiquities were built by people that were Indigenous to the Americas. It was rare that a scholar of the time was willing to state that these works were built by the Indigenous inhabitants of North America in the nineteenth century. Oftentimes these theories functioned as a way to dismiss what they called the Indian as savage and incapable of constructing ancient cities; some scholars even put forth that the Indian drove away the people that had constructed the mounds. This thesis puts forth that this way of thinking--the combination of false theories, dismissal of the mounds, and the feeling that the mounds belonged to the white inhabitants of America caused these sites to be neglected. The study of the misconceptions and neglect of the mounds in the nineteenth century demonstrates the attitudes towards race at the time. Title: Misconceptions of “Stupendous Antiquities” : Native American Mounds, Euro-Americans, and Racial Ideas Author: Hart, Lily Year: 2017 Across North America, remnants exist of the ancient works of Indigenous peoples. Prime examples are the long-abandoned city of Cahokia near present-day St. Louis, Illinois, which was once a bustling city larger than London in 1200 AD. In Cahokia, there are mounds that are as high as one hundred feet and a “Woodhenge” that functions as a calendar. Despite these impressive displays of engineering, urban planning, and understanding of astronomy, Cahokia was not protected as a National Historic Landmark until 1964--this late protection was the case for many of the mounds across America. Many mounds were plowed over and pueblos decayed before this happened. Non-natives attributed these works to other cultures, from Hindus to the Lost Tribes of Israel to the Welsh to aliens. Anglo-Americans of the time were faced with somewhat of a conundrum. They wanted to have antiquities as grand as Rome’s, yet they also did not want to admit that these antiquities were built by people that were Indigenous to the Americas. It was rare that a scholar of the time was willing to state that these works were built by the Indigenous inhabitants of North America in the nineteenth century. Oftentimes these theories functioned as a way to dismiss what they called the Indian as savage and incapable of constructing ancient cities; some scholars even put forth that the Indian drove away the people that had constructed the mounds. This thesis puts forth that this way of thinking--the combination of false theories, dismissal of the mounds, and the feeling that the mounds belonged to the white inhabitants of America caused these sites to be neglected. The study of the misconceptions and neglect of the mounds in the nineteenth century demonstrates the attitudes towards race at the time. Close

• 41. [Article] Trauma-Informed Research and Planning: Understanding Government and Urban Native Community Partnerships to Addressing Substance-Exposed Pregnancies in Portland, OR

  In 2011, representatives from the Multnomah County Health Departments and several Native-serving organizations came together to address substance-exposed pregnancies among urban Native Americans in Portland, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Trauma-Informed Research and Planning: Understanding Government and Urban Native Community Partnerships to Addressing Substance-Exposed Pregnancies in Portland, OR Author: Mercier, Amanda Year: 2014 In 2011, representatives from the Multnomah County Health Departments and several Native-serving organizations came together to address substance-exposed pregnancies among urban Native Americans in Portland, Oregon. From these partnerships, the Future Generations Collaborative was formed representing a significant shift toward community-led maternal child health research and planning. Additionally, the Future Generations Collaborative adopted a historical trauma-informed community based participatory research and planning process. This is particularly significant considering government agencies' role in colonization within Native communities. The purpose of this case study is to explore partnerships between government agencies and the Portland Native community within the Future Generations Collaborative. Given the profound influence of historical trauma in Native communities, this paper addresses how the partnerships between government agencies and the Portland Native community pose distinct opportunities, challenges, and implications. Drawing from FGC members' lived experiences and an interdisciplinary body of research, I develop a theoretical model for explaining the government's role in creating and sustaining historical trauma within Native communities. This analysis provides critical context for examining the impact of historical trauma on the relationships between government agencies and the Portland Native community within the FGC. By entering methodological discussions of Native-specific community-based participatory research, this study also addresses how the use of a trauma-informed research and planning model affects the relationships between government agencies and the Portland Native community within the FGC. Title: Trauma-Informed Research and Planning: Understanding Government and Urban Native Community Partnerships to Addressing Substance-Exposed Pregnancies in Portland, OR Author: Mercier, Amanda Year: 2014 In 2011, representatives from the Multnomah County Health Departments and several Native-serving organizations came together to address substance-exposed pregnancies among urban Native Americans in Portland, Oregon. From these partnerships, the Future Generations Collaborative was formed representing a significant shift toward community-led maternal child health research and planning. Additionally, the Future Generations Collaborative adopted a historical trauma-informed community based participatory research and planning process. This is particularly significant considering government agencies' role in colonization within Native communities. The purpose of this case study is to explore partnerships between government agencies and the Portland Native community within the Future Generations Collaborative. Given the profound influence of historical trauma in Native communities, this paper addresses how the partnerships between government agencies and the Portland Native community pose distinct opportunities, challenges, and implications. Drawing from FGC members' lived experiences and an interdisciplinary body of research, I develop a theoretical model for explaining the government's role in creating and sustaining historical trauma within Native communities. This analysis provides critical context for examining the impact of historical trauma on the relationships between government agencies and the Portland Native community within the FGC. By entering methodological discussions of Native-specific community-based participatory research, this study also addresses how the use of a trauma-informed research and planning model affects the relationships between government agencies and the Portland Native community within the FGC. Close

• 42. [Article] "The Chieftain's Weary Daughter": The Feminist Legacy and Mainstream Appropriation of Sarah Winnemucca

  113 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Women's and Gender Studies and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "The Chieftain's Weary Daughter": The Feminist Legacy and Mainstream Appropriation of Sarah Winnemucca Author: Albanis, Sophia Kendall Year: 2017 113 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Women's and Gender Studies and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Spring 2017 Title: "The Chieftain's Weary Daughter": The Feminist Legacy and Mainstream Appropriation of Sarah Winnemucca Author: Albanis, Sophia Kendall Year: 2017 113 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Women's and Gender Studies and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Spring 2017 Close

• 43. [Article] Bound by Blackness: African Migration, Black Identity, and Linked Fate in Post-Civil Rights America

  This dissertation explores the identity formation of Ethiopian and Nigerian immigrants, their second generation children, and native born African Americans who reside in the Seattle metropolitan area. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bound by Blackness: African Migration, Black Identity, and Linked Fate in Post-Civil Rights America Author: Abedi-Anim, MeCherri Year: 2017 This dissertation explores the identity formation of Ethiopian and Nigerian immigrants, their second generation children, and native born African Americans who reside in the Seattle metropolitan area. Using boundary formation theory, I argue that African immigrants and their second generation children are developing a shared sense of Black identity and racial solidarity (linked fate) with native born African Americans. This shared Black identity is illustrated through both Africans and African Americans’ recognition of one another as racial group members, the constraints on their Black identities, and their navigation of similar institutional and political contexts. I argue that this is highly suggestive of an expansion of the Black racial boundary, and the reconstitution of Black identity in the post-Civil Rights Era. Despite some boundary contraction within the Black racial category by some 1st generation Africans, the African 1.5 and second generation are engaging in boundary crossing particularly with African Americans through their bicultural identities. This process appears to be leading to the blurring of boundaries between the children of African immigrants and native born African Americans, especially through the 1.5 and second generations involvement and integration into African American social and professional organizations. Evidence presented in this dissertation suggests that there is a weakening of ethnic identity among the African 1.5 and second generation. This weakening of ethnic identity among the children of Ethiopians and Nigerians suggest subsequent generations of Africans born here in the United States will eventually be absorbed into an undifferentiated African American/Black category. Keywords: Ethiopians, Nigerians, African Americans, linked fate, Black identity, Africans Title: Bound by Blackness: African Migration, Black Identity, and Linked Fate in Post-Civil Rights America Author: Abedi-Anim, MeCherri Year: 2017 This dissertation explores the identity formation of Ethiopian and Nigerian immigrants, their second generation children, and native born African Americans who reside in the Seattle metropolitan area. Using boundary formation theory, I argue that African immigrants and their second generation children are developing a shared sense of Black identity and racial solidarity (linked fate) with native born African Americans. This shared Black identity is illustrated through both Africans and African Americans’ recognition of one another as racial group members, the constraints on their Black identities, and their navigation of similar institutional and political contexts. I argue that this is highly suggestive of an expansion of the Black racial boundary, and the reconstitution of Black identity in the post-Civil Rights Era. Despite some boundary contraction within the Black racial category by some 1st generation Africans, the African 1.5 and second generation are engaging in boundary crossing particularly with African Americans through their bicultural identities. This process appears to be leading to the blurring of boundaries between the children of African immigrants and native born African Americans, especially through the 1.5 and second generations involvement and integration into African American social and professional organizations. Evidence presented in this dissertation suggests that there is a weakening of ethnic identity among the African 1.5 and second generation. This weakening of ethnic identity among the children of Ethiopians and Nigerians suggest subsequent generations of Africans born here in the United States will eventually be absorbed into an undifferentiated African American/Black category. Keywords: Ethiopians, Nigerians, African Americans, linked fate, Black identity, Africans Close

• 44. [Article] Our Totem: A Multimedia Project Analyzing How the Cultural Appropriation of Totem Poles Has Affected Native and Non-Native Artists in Seattle, Washington

  54 pages. A thesis presented to the School of Journalism and Communication and Communication and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Our Totem: A Multimedia Project Analyzing How the Cultural Appropriation of Totem Poles Has Affected Native and Non-Native Artists in Seattle, Washington Author: Cruze, Carolyn E. Year: 2017, 2016 54 pages. A thesis presented to the School of Journalism and Communication and Communication and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Fall 2016 Title: Our Totem: A Multimedia Project Analyzing How the Cultural Appropriation of Totem Poles Has Affected Native and Non-Native Artists in Seattle, Washington Author: Cruze, Carolyn E. Year: 2017, 2016 54 pages. A thesis presented to the School of Journalism and Communication and Communication and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Fall 2016 Close

• 45. [Article] Culturally Specific Bilingual Arts Integration

  Today's young people are a source of growing social and academic concern. Combined with economic, cultural and linguistic barriers, Latino students are an even greater concern. Studies have demonstrated ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Culturally Specific Bilingual Arts Integration Author: Malan, Danielle L. Year: 2016 Today's young people are a source of growing social and academic concern. Combined with economic, cultural and linguistic barriers, Latino students are an even greater concern. Studies have demonstrated qualitative improved learning with either arts integration or with bilingual education. After a literature review, there was no conclusive quantitative evidence done prior to this study in 2015, for the benefits of combining the two to use bilingual arts integration as a method for improved learning. Could bilingual arts education improve learning? The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bilingual arts integration on learning, and the positive outcomes for the Latino students it serves. Several data collection methods were used in this study, including surveys, rubrics, videotaped interviews, observations, and evaluations, although pre and post-testing with a timed Curriculum Based Method (CBM) was the primary methodology used at all six schools to determine the percentage of growth. Test scores from the six participating schools seems to indicate that the Latino students gained the most in comprehension, due possibly to their cultural connection. Students of other races followed, which included African American, Asian American/Pacific Islander, Native American, Slavic and Arabic, suggesting than non-Eurocentric curriculum can be engaging for other cultures as well. Title: Culturally Specific Bilingual Arts Integration Author: Malan, Danielle L. Year: 2016 Today's young people are a source of growing social and academic concern. Combined with economic, cultural and linguistic barriers, Latino students are an even greater concern. Studies have demonstrated qualitative improved learning with either arts integration or with bilingual education. After a literature review, there was no conclusive quantitative evidence done prior to this study in 2015, for the benefits of combining the two to use bilingual arts integration as a method for improved learning. Could bilingual arts education improve learning? The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bilingual arts integration on learning, and the positive outcomes for the Latino students it serves. Several data collection methods were used in this study, including surveys, rubrics, videotaped interviews, observations, and evaluations, although pre and post-testing with a timed Curriculum Based Method (CBM) was the primary methodology used at all six schools to determine the percentage of growth. Test scores from the six participating schools seems to indicate that the Latino students gained the most in comprehension, due possibly to their cultural connection. Students of other races followed, which included African American, Asian American/Pacific Islander, Native American, Slavic and Arabic, suggesting than non-Eurocentric curriculum can be engaging for other cultures as well. Close

• 46. [Article] Effects of Ethnicity and Gender on Sixth-Grade Students' Environmental Knowledge and Attitudes After Participation in a Year-Long Environmental Education Program

  The goal of environmental education (EE) has always been to increase knowledge about the environment and to foster positive environmental attitudes. Increasingly, as the call for integrating EE programs ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of Ethnicity and Gender on Sixth-Grade Students' Environmental Knowledge and Attitudes After Participation in a Year-Long Environmental Education Program Author: Stagner, Rachel Year: 2014 The goal of environmental education (EE) has always been to increase knowledge about the environment and to foster positive environmental attitudes. Increasingly, as the call for integrating EE programs into mainstream science curriculum intensifies, it is important to continue to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs not only through measures of change in knowledge and attitudes, but through the additional criteria of meeting the needs of different gender and ethnic groups. The purpose of this research was to identify whether a watershed education program was meeting the needs of diverse learners within the context of a year-long, integrated, sixth-grade science curriculum. This study specifically sought to answer the following questions: 1) Do differences exist between genders and ethnic groups in regards to change in environmental knowledge after participation in an environmental education program? and 2) Do differences exist between genders and ethnic groups in regards to changes in environmental attitudes after participation in an environmental education program? A mixed-methods approach consisting of a pre/post-test survey, interviews, and observational data was used to evaluate these questions. The quantitative results of the survey data suggests that, overall, students had statistically significant (p < 0.01) gains in environmental knowledge, but no change in attitude towards the environment after participation in the program. When subpopulations are broken down into gender and ethnic groups, however, there is statistically significant support for the idea that ethnic groups--and, to a lesser extent, gender groups--were affected differently by the program. One important finding was that Hispanic and Native American students had significantly less gain in knowledge than their White, Asian and African-American peers. Qualitative interviews and observations shed light on these findings and illustrate the experiences of students during the year-long program. Other findings, trends, observations, and opportunities for future research are also discussed. Title: Effects of Ethnicity and Gender on Sixth-Grade Students' Environmental Knowledge and Attitudes After Participation in a Year-Long Environmental Education Program Author: Stagner, Rachel Year: 2014 The goal of environmental education (EE) has always been to increase knowledge about the environment and to foster positive environmental attitudes. Increasingly, as the call for integrating EE programs into mainstream science curriculum intensifies, it is important to continue to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs not only through measures of change in knowledge and attitudes, but through the additional criteria of meeting the needs of different gender and ethnic groups. The purpose of this research was to identify whether a watershed education program was meeting the needs of diverse learners within the context of a year-long, integrated, sixth-grade science curriculum. This study specifically sought to answer the following questions: 1) Do differences exist between genders and ethnic groups in regards to change in environmental knowledge after participation in an environmental education program? and 2) Do differences exist between genders and ethnic groups in regards to changes in environmental attitudes after participation in an environmental education program? A mixed-methods approach consisting of a pre/post-test survey, interviews, and observational data was used to evaluate these questions. The quantitative results of the survey data suggests that, overall, students had statistically significant (p < 0.01) gains in environmental knowledge, but no change in attitude towards the environment after participation in the program. When subpopulations are broken down into gender and ethnic groups, however, there is statistically significant support for the idea that ethnic groups--and, to a lesser extent, gender groups--were affected differently by the program. One important finding was that Hispanic and Native American students had significantly less gain in knowledge than their White, Asian and African-American peers. Qualitative interviews and observations shed light on these findings and illustrate the experiences of students during the year-long program. Other findings, trends, observations, and opportunities for future research are also discussed. Close

• 47. [Article] Chronic Absenteeism Report

  The Chief Education Office (CEdO) has commissioned this report on chronic absenteeism in Oregon schools to better understand this problem in general, to specifically hear from students and families most ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Chronic Absenteeism Report Author: Curry-Stevens, Ann, Kim-Gervey, Connie, Chief Education Office Research Team Year: 2016 The Chief Education Office (CEdO) has commissioned this report on chronic absenteeism in Oregon schools to better understand this problem in general, to specifically hear from students and families most likely to be chronically absent, and to present recommendations for the State and local communities. This report is a result of collaboration between CEdO, Portland State University (PSU), and the Coalition of Communities of Color (CCC). Researchers from PSU conducted all of the original research. This report builds on previous work in Oregon and around the country, but it is not a duplication of existing research. Instead, the research is a novel contribution because of its extensive use of focus groups, inclusion of culturally specific focus groups, detailed thematic analysis between and among stakeholder groups, and deep-dives in the areas of students with disabilities and Native American students. The report’s literature review gives the reader a comprehensive foundation that defines the terms and measures associated with school attendance, shows the connection between attendance and academic outcomes, provides statistics related to chronic absenteeism and achievement for Oregon, provides a framework for understanding the reasons for absenteeism, and details current practices that are considered the best for schools, districts, and states to increase attendance. The review shows that although chronic absenteeism affects students of all ages, it is particularly a problem for students of color, students with disabilities, and students living in poverty. Finally, the problem is complicated, and requires a range of interventions, tailored to specific communities that address every context of students’ lives. The review demonstrates that there is still a good deal to learn about chronic absenteeism and that conducting focus group research will paint a better picture of the Oregon context and identify benefits and drawbacks of specific practices for specific locales. Title: Chronic Absenteeism Report Author: Curry-Stevens, Ann, Kim-Gervey, Connie, Chief Education Office Research Team Year: 2016 The Chief Education Office (CEdO) has commissioned this report on chronic absenteeism in Oregon schools to better understand this problem in general, to specifically hear from students and families most likely to be chronically absent, and to present recommendations for the State and local communities. This report is a result of collaboration between CEdO, Portland State University (PSU), and the Coalition of Communities of Color (CCC). Researchers from PSU conducted all of the original research. This report builds on previous work in Oregon and around the country, but it is not a duplication of existing research. Instead, the research is a novel contribution because of its extensive use of focus groups, inclusion of culturally specific focus groups, detailed thematic analysis between and among stakeholder groups, and deep-dives in the areas of students with disabilities and Native American students. The report’s literature review gives the reader a comprehensive foundation that defines the terms and measures associated with school attendance, shows the connection between attendance and academic outcomes, provides statistics related to chronic absenteeism and achievement for Oregon, provides a framework for understanding the reasons for absenteeism, and details current practices that are considered the best for schools, districts, and states to increase attendance. The review shows that although chronic absenteeism affects students of all ages, it is particularly a problem for students of color, students with disabilities, and students living in poverty. Finally, the problem is complicated, and requires a range of interventions, tailored to specific communities that address every context of students’ lives. The review demonstrates that there is still a good deal to learn about chronic absenteeism and that conducting focus group research will paint a better picture of the Oregon context and identify benefits and drawbacks of specific practices for specific locales. Close

• 48. [Article] Who am I? Who do you think I am? Stability of Racial/Ethnic Self-Identification Among Youth in Foster Care and Concordance with Agency Categorization

  While it has been well documented that racial and ethnic disparities exist for children of color in child welfare, the accuracy of the race and ethnicity information collected by agencies has not been ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Who am I? Who do you think I am? Stability of Racial/Ethnic Self-Identification Among Youth in Foster Care and Concordance with Agency Categorization Author: Schmidt, Jessica, Dubey, Shanti, Dalton, Larry, Nelson, May, Lee, Junghee, Oberweiser Kennedy, Molly, Kim-Gervey, Connie, Powers, Laurie E., Geenen, Sarah, The Research Consortium to Increase the Success of Youth in Foster Care Year: 2015 While it has been well documented that racial and ethnic disparities exist for children of color in child welfare, the accuracy of the race and ethnicity information collected by agencies has not been examined, nor has the concordance of this information with youth self-report. This article addresses a major gap in the literature by examining 1) the racial and ethnic self-identification of youth in foster care, and the rate of agreement with child welfare and school categorizations; 2) the level of concordance between different agencies (school and child welfare); and 3) the stability of racial and ethnic self-identification among youth in foster care over time. Results reveal that almost 1 in 5 youth change their racial identification over a one-year period, high rates of discordance exist between the youth self-report of Native American, Hispanic and multiracial youth and how agencies categorize them, and a greater tendency for the child welfare system to classify a youth asWhite, as compared to school and youth themselves. Information fromthe study could be used to guide agencies towards amore youth-centered and flexible approach in regard to identifying, reporting and affirming youth's evolving racial and ethnic identity. Title: Who am I? Who do you think I am? Stability of Racial/Ethnic Self-Identification Among Youth in Foster Care and Concordance with Agency Categorization Author: Schmidt, Jessica, Dubey, Shanti, Dalton, Larry, Nelson, May, Lee, Junghee, Oberweiser Kennedy, Molly, Kim-Gervey, Connie, Powers, Laurie E., Geenen, Sarah, The Research Consortium to Increase the Success of Youth in Foster Care Year: 2015 While it has been well documented that racial and ethnic disparities exist for children of color in child welfare, the accuracy of the race and ethnicity information collected by agencies has not been examined, nor has the concordance of this information with youth self-report. This article addresses a major gap in the literature by examining 1) the racial and ethnic self-identification of youth in foster care, and the rate of agreement with child welfare and school categorizations; 2) the level of concordance between different agencies (school and child welfare); and 3) the stability of racial and ethnic self-identification among youth in foster care over time. Results reveal that almost 1 in 5 youth change their racial identification over a one-year period, high rates of discordance exist between the youth self-report of Native American, Hispanic and multiracial youth and how agencies categorize them, and a greater tendency for the child welfare system to classify a youth asWhite, as compared to school and youth themselves. Information fromthe study could be used to guide agencies towards amore youth-centered and flexible approach in regard to identifying, reporting and affirming youth's evolving racial and ethnic identity. Close

• 49. [Article] Assessing Reproducibility in Faunal Analysis Using Blind Tests: A case Study From Northwestern North America

  Zooarchaeologists have long recognized that assigning taxonomic identifications to animal remains is a subjective process, and recent studies have highlighted the need for data quality assurance standards ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessing Reproducibility in Faunal Analysis Using Blind Tests: A case Study From Northwestern North America Author: Nims, Reno, Butler, Virginia L. Year: 2017 Zooarchaeologists have long recognized that assigning taxonomic identifications to animal remains is a subjective process, and recent studies have highlighted the need for data quality assurance standards in archaeofaunal research. Our study contributes to this growing interest in quality assurance by presenting simple quantitative methods for assessing the reproducibility of analytic results through blind reanalysis of animal remains that we developed during analysis of fishbone from Čḯxwicən, a large Native American village on the coast of Washington State, U.S.A. Given the large scale of the Čḯxwicən project – over 112,000 fish remains were documented by five different analysts over three years – there was a real possibility that inconsistencies in laboratory practices affected analytic results (e.g., number of identified specimens, taxa present and relative abundance, elements identified, burning frequencies). To evaluate the reproducibility of the Čḯxwicən fishbone data, and the possibility of “protocol drift” – changes in how specimens and bone modifications were identified over the course of analysis – we reanalyzed samples of fish remains that were previously documented during three discrete stages (beginning, middle, and end) of the Čḯxwicən project. The original data and the reanalysis results show close agreement in each stage, with only minor differences in the numbers of recorded specimens, taxonomic representation at family- and finer taxonomic levels, and body part representation assessed for a single taxonomic order. Identifying burning on bone was not very reproducible. Reproducibility studies such as this are useful for highlighting ambiguous identification criteria (e.g., in taxonomic assignment, bone modification), and could stimulate dialog among researchers about ways to address such issues in future studies. Increasing the implementation of these, and other, widely applicable methods should improve zooarchaeological data quality and stimulate further research on quality assurance in archaeology overall. Title: Assessing Reproducibility in Faunal Analysis Using Blind Tests: A case Study From Northwestern North America Author: Nims, Reno, Butler, Virginia L. Year: 2017 Zooarchaeologists have long recognized that assigning taxonomic identifications to animal remains is a subjective process, and recent studies have highlighted the need for data quality assurance standards in archaeofaunal research. Our study contributes to this growing interest in quality assurance by presenting simple quantitative methods for assessing the reproducibility of analytic results through blind reanalysis of animal remains that we developed during analysis of fishbone from Čḯxwicən, a large Native American village on the coast of Washington State, U.S.A. Given the large scale of the Čḯxwicən project – over 112,000 fish remains were documented by five different analysts over three years – there was a real possibility that inconsistencies in laboratory practices affected analytic results (e.g., number of identified specimens, taxa present and relative abundance, elements identified, burning frequencies). To evaluate the reproducibility of the Čḯxwicən fishbone data, and the possibility of “protocol drift” – changes in how specimens and bone modifications were identified over the course of analysis – we reanalyzed samples of fish remains that were previously documented during three discrete stages (beginning, middle, and end) of the Čḯxwicən project. The original data and the reanalysis results show close agreement in each stage, with only minor differences in the numbers of recorded specimens, taxonomic representation at family- and finer taxonomic levels, and body part representation assessed for a single taxonomic order. Identifying burning on bone was not very reproducible. Reproducibility studies such as this are useful for highlighting ambiguous identification criteria (e.g., in taxonomic assignment, bone modification), and could stimulate dialog among researchers about ways to address such issues in future studies. Increasing the implementation of these, and other, widely applicable methods should improve zooarchaeological data quality and stimulate further research on quality assurance in archaeology overall. Close

• 50. [Article] "As Long as the Mighty Columbia River Flows": The Leadership and Legacy of Wilson Charley, a Yakama Indian Fisherman

  On March 10, 1957, the United States Army Corps of Engineers completed The Dalles Dam and inundated Celilo Falls, the oldest continuously inhabited site in North America and a cultural and economic hub ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "As Long as the Mighty Columbia River Flows": The Leadership and Legacy of Wilson Charley, a Yakama Indian Fisherman Author: Hedberg, David-Paul Brewster Year: 2017 On March 10, 1957, the United States Army Corps of Engineers completed The Dalles Dam and inundated Celilo Falls, the oldest continuously inhabited site in North America and a cultural and economic hub for Indigenous people. In the negotiation of treaties between the United States, nearly one hundred years earlier, Indigenous leaders reserved access to Columbia River fishing sites as they ceded territory and retained smaller reservations. In the years before the dam's completion, leaders, many of who were the descendants of earlier treaty signatories, attempted to stop the dam and protect both fishing sites from the encroachment of state and federal regulations and archaeological sites from destruction. This study traces the work of Wilson Charley, a Native fisherman, a member of the Yakama Nation's Tribal Council, and great-grandson of one of the 1855 treaty signatories. More broadly, this study places Indigenous actors on a twentieth-century Columbia River while demonstrating that they played active roles in the protest and management of areas affected by The Dalles Dam. Using previously untapped archival sources--a substantial cache of letters--my analysis illustrates that Charley articulated multiple strategies to fight The Dalles Dam and regulations to curtail Native's treaty fishing rights. Aiming to protect the 1855 treaty and stop The Dalles Dam, Charley created Native-centered regulatory agencies. He worked directly with politicians and supported political candidates, like Richard Neuberger, that favored Native concerns. He attempted to build partnerships with archaeologists and landscape preservationists concerned about losing the area's rich cultural sites. Even after the dam's completion, he conceptualized multiple tribal economic development plans that would allow for Natives' cultural and economic survival. Given the national rise of technological optimism and the willingness for the federal government to terminate its relationship with federally recognized tribes, Charley realized that taking the 1855 treaty to court was too risky for the political climate of the 1950s. Instead, he framed his strategies in the language of twentieth-century conservation, specifically to garner support from a national audience of non-natives interested in protecting landscapes from industrial development. While many of these non-native partners ultimately failed him, his strategies are noteworthy for three reasons. First, he cast the fight to uphold Native treaty rights in terms that were relevant to non-natives, demonstrating his complex understanding of the times in which he lived. Second, his strategies continued an ongoing struggle for Natives to fish at their treaty-protected sites, thereby documenting an overlooked period between the fishing rights cases of the turn of the twentieth century and the 1960s and 1970s. Charley left a lasting legacy that scholars have not recognized because many of his visionary ideas came to fruition decades later. Finally, my analysis of Charley's letters also documents personal details that afford readers the unique perspective of one Indigenous person navigated through a tumultuous period in the Pacific Northwest and Native American history. Title: "As Long as the Mighty Columbia River Flows": The Leadership and Legacy of Wilson Charley, a Yakama Indian Fisherman Author: Hedberg, David-Paul Brewster Year: 2017 On March 10, 1957, the United States Army Corps of Engineers completed The Dalles Dam and inundated Celilo Falls, the oldest continuously inhabited site in North America and a cultural and economic hub for Indigenous people. In the negotiation of treaties between the United States, nearly one hundred years earlier, Indigenous leaders reserved access to Columbia River fishing sites as they ceded territory and retained smaller reservations. In the years before the dam's completion, leaders, many of who were the descendants of earlier treaty signatories, attempted to stop the dam and protect both fishing sites from the encroachment of state and federal regulations and archaeological sites from destruction. This study traces the work of Wilson Charley, a Native fisherman, a member of the Yakama Nation's Tribal Council, and great-grandson of one of the 1855 treaty signatories. More broadly, this study places Indigenous actors on a twentieth-century Columbia River while demonstrating that they played active roles in the protest and management of areas affected by The Dalles Dam. Using previously untapped archival sources--a substantial cache of letters--my analysis illustrates that Charley articulated multiple strategies to fight The Dalles Dam and regulations to curtail Native's treaty fishing rights. Aiming to protect the 1855 treaty and stop The Dalles Dam, Charley created Native-centered regulatory agencies. He worked directly with politicians and supported political candidates, like Richard Neuberger, that favored Native concerns. He attempted to build partnerships with archaeologists and landscape preservationists concerned about losing the area's rich cultural sites. Even after the dam's completion, he conceptualized multiple tribal economic development plans that would allow for Natives' cultural and economic survival. Given the national rise of technological optimism and the willingness for the federal government to terminate its relationship with federally recognized tribes, Charley realized that taking the 1855 treaty to court was too risky for the political climate of the 1950s. Instead, he framed his strategies in the language of twentieth-century conservation, specifically to garner support from a national audience of non-natives interested in protecting landscapes from industrial development. While many of these non-native partners ultimately failed him, his strategies are noteworthy for three reasons. First, he cast the fight to uphold Native treaty rights in terms that were relevant to non-natives, demonstrating his complex understanding of the times in which he lived. Second, his strategies continued an ongoing struggle for Natives to fish at their treaty-protected sites, thereby documenting an overlooked period between the fishing rights cases of the turn of the twentieth century and the 1960s and 1970s. Charley left a lasting legacy that scholars have not recognized because many of his visionary ideas came to fruition decades later. Finally, my analysis of Charley's letters also documents personal details that afford readers the unique perspective of one Indigenous person navigated through a tumultuous period in the Pacific Northwest and Native American history. Close