Search

Search Results

• 10731. [Article] Child and Maternal Health in the Slavic Community: Insights on Assets and Priorities

  The Slavic community’s health is impacted by race and ethnicity, and also by issues that flow from being a newcomer community, and also from their status as refugees. They also bring to the U.S.A. cultural ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Child and Maternal Health in the Slavic Community: Insights on Assets and Priorities Author: Reyes, Marie-Elena, Curry-Stevens, Ann Year: 2015 The Slavic community’s health is impacted by race and ethnicity, and also by issues that flow from being a newcomer community, and also from their status as refugees. They also bring to the U.S.A. cultural orientation that is collectivist, and shared experiences of persecution and deep distrust of the government. As is detailed in this report, these experiences have an impact on health and wellbeing, and simultaneously have a detrimental effect on the economic stature of the community. This Community Needs Assessment on the Health of Slavic Children (ages 0-5 years) was conducted to produce a “needs assessment” report outlining specific health concerns, needs and indicators of health disparities within the Slavic community, best practices from other Slavic communities, and recommendations for next steps to address disparities in a culturally competent change in policy or practices. The community opted to conduct two major data gathering processes: a maternal and child survey, and focus groups with mothers. We supplemented this information with a literature review to highlight both the larger social and economic issues that are well-tied to health (such as income, poverty, school engagement and English language skills), alongside studies that have identified health assets and challenges in both Slavic and immigrant communities. The core priority of the community are to establish a Slavic Health Center where providers will share their language, culture and history, and where health needs will be understood in their cultural context, and the distrust that typifies the relationships that many in the community have with formal health and social services will be eliminated. The need for this is strong, in evidence through the survey, the focus groups and in the literature. Specialized services are warranted to address the health issues tied to being newcomer communities, and in holding cultural identities and experiences that diverge significantly from that of mainstream (white) society. Additional priorities include rectifying the deep divide that exists on the issue of immunizations, with this being the highest priority health issue for mothers with young children. Second on the priority list is for parents to be well prepared for their children to arrive at school, and to help make this transition easier on both parents and children. Third is to address a wide range of issues tied to health promotion, including learning and responding to issues of child neglect and the conditions that will promote family stability. Fourth is oral health, and the importance of being able to see Slavic oral health providers. Across the spectrum is a need for information on services available, as well as making such services available, and making them culturally responsive. Taking action on two levels is key for the community: putting empowerment-based information into the hands of Slavic families, and catalyzing among service providers enhanced abilities to serve the Slavic community in respectful and culturally dignified ways. Health disparities faced by Slavic community members are inequitably measured, simply because their race/ethnicity is not separated out from “White” in the vast majority of research studies. Unfortunately, data cannot be separated by NWHF’s equity priorities like ethnicity overall, and cultural or linguistic background in particular. Culturally and linguistically specific services targeting this community’s needs are less likely than other disadvantaged communities of color such as African American and Native American, particularly due to inadequate gathering of data beyond the traditional racial and ethnic breakdown. Geography impacts this community’s health simply because of poverty-driven gentrification and the likelihood of Slavic families living in low-income diverse neighborhoods with greater risks of health disparities such as high obesity prevalence and chronic disease. Low-income neighborhoods where some of these families reside are less likely to have culturally and linguistically specific services targeting healthy choices and behaviors. Title: Child and Maternal Health in the Slavic Community: Insights on Assets and Priorities Author: Reyes, Marie-Elena, Curry-Stevens, Ann Year: 2015 The Slavic community’s health is impacted by race and ethnicity, and also by issues that flow from being a newcomer community, and also from their status as refugees. They also bring to the U.S.A. cultural orientation that is collectivist, and shared experiences of persecution and deep distrust of the government. As is detailed in this report, these experiences have an impact on health and wellbeing, and simultaneously have a detrimental effect on the economic stature of the community. This Community Needs Assessment on the Health of Slavic Children (ages 0-5 years) was conducted to produce a “needs assessment” report outlining specific health concerns, needs and indicators of health disparities within the Slavic community, best practices from other Slavic communities, and recommendations for next steps to address disparities in a culturally competent change in policy or practices. The community opted to conduct two major data gathering processes: a maternal and child survey, and focus groups with mothers. We supplemented this information with a literature review to highlight both the larger social and economic issues that are well-tied to health (such as income, poverty, school engagement and English language skills), alongside studies that have identified health assets and challenges in both Slavic and immigrant communities. The core priority of the community are to establish a Slavic Health Center where providers will share their language, culture and history, and where health needs will be understood in their cultural context, and the distrust that typifies the relationships that many in the community have with formal health and social services will be eliminated. The need for this is strong, in evidence through the survey, the focus groups and in the literature. Specialized services are warranted to address the health issues tied to being newcomer communities, and in holding cultural identities and experiences that diverge significantly from that of mainstream (white) society. Additional priorities include rectifying the deep divide that exists on the issue of immunizations, with this being the highest priority health issue for mothers with young children. Second on the priority list is for parents to be well prepared for their children to arrive at school, and to help make this transition easier on both parents and children. Third is to address a wide range of issues tied to health promotion, including learning and responding to issues of child neglect and the conditions that will promote family stability. Fourth is oral health, and the importance of being able to see Slavic oral health providers. Across the spectrum is a need for information on services available, as well as making such services available, and making them culturally responsive. Taking action on two levels is key for the community: putting empowerment-based information into the hands of Slavic families, and catalyzing among service providers enhanced abilities to serve the Slavic community in respectful and culturally dignified ways. Health disparities faced by Slavic community members are inequitably measured, simply because their race/ethnicity is not separated out from “White” in the vast majority of research studies. Unfortunately, data cannot be separated by NWHF’s equity priorities like ethnicity overall, and cultural or linguistic background in particular. Culturally and linguistically specific services targeting this community’s needs are less likely than other disadvantaged communities of color such as African American and Native American, particularly due to inadequate gathering of data beyond the traditional racial and ethnic breakdown. Geography impacts this community’s health simply because of poverty-driven gentrification and the likelihood of Slavic families living in low-income diverse neighborhoods with greater risks of health disparities such as high obesity prevalence and chronic disease. Low-income neighborhoods where some of these families reside are less likely to have culturally and linguistically specific services targeting healthy choices and behaviors. Close

• 10732. [Article] The Associations between Environmental Quality and Mortality in the Contiguous United States, 2000-2005

  Background: Assessing cumulative effects of the multiple environmental factors influencing mortality remains a challenging task. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the associations between cumulative ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Associations between Environmental Quality and Mortality in the Contiguous United States, 2000-2005 Author: Jian, Yun, Messer, Lynne C., Jagai, Jyotsna S., Rappazzo, Kristen M., Gray, Christine L., Grabich, Shannon C., Lobdell, Danelle T. Year: 2016 Background: Assessing cumulative effects of the multiple environmental factors influencing mortality remains a challenging task. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the associations between cumulative environmental quality and all-cause and leading cause-specific (heart disease, cancer, and stroke) mortality rates. Methods: We used the overall Environmental Quality Index (EQI) and its five domain indices (air, water, land, built and sociodemographic) to represent environmental exposure. Associations between the EQI and mortality rates (CDC WONDER) for counties in the contiguous United States (n=3109) were investigated using multiple linear regression models, and random intercept, random slope hierarchical models. Urbanicity, climate and their combination were used to explore the spatial patterns in the associations. Results: We found one standard deviation increase in the overall EQI (worse environment) was associated with a mean 3.22% (95% CI: 2.80%, 3.64%) increase in all-cause mortality, a 0.54% (-0.17%, 1.25%) increase in heart disease mortality, a 2.71% (2.21%, 3.22%) increase in cancer mortality, and a 2.25% (1.11%, 3.39%) increase in stroke mortality. Among environmental domains, the associations ranged from -1.27% (-1.70%,-0.84%) to 3.37% (2.90%, 3.84%) for all-cause mortality, -2.62% (-3.52%, -1.73%) to 4.50% (3.73,5.27%) for heart disease mortality, -0.88% (2.12%,0.36%) to 3.72% (2.38%, to 5.06%) for stroke mortality, and -0.68% (-1.19%, -0.18%) to 3.01% (2.46%, 3.56%) for cancer mortality. Air had the largest associations with all-cause, heart disease, and cancer mortality, while the sociodemographic index had the largest association with stroke mortality. Across the urbanicity gradient, no consistent trend was found. Across climate regions, the associations ranged from 2.29% (1.87%, 2.72%) to 5.30% (4.30%, 6.30%) for overall EQI and higher associations were generally found in dry area for both overall EQI and domain indices. Conclusions: These results suggest that poor environmental quality, particularly air quality, was associated with increased mortality, and that associations vary by urbanicity and climate regions. Title: The Associations between Environmental Quality and Mortality in the Contiguous United States, 2000-2005 Author: Jian, Yun, Messer, Lynne C., Jagai, Jyotsna S., Rappazzo, Kristen M., Gray, Christine L., Grabich, Shannon C., Lobdell, Danelle T. Year: 2016 Background: Assessing cumulative effects of the multiple environmental factors influencing mortality remains a challenging task. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the associations between cumulative environmental quality and all-cause and leading cause-specific (heart disease, cancer, and stroke) mortality rates. Methods: We used the overall Environmental Quality Index (EQI) and its five domain indices (air, water, land, built and sociodemographic) to represent environmental exposure. Associations between the EQI and mortality rates (CDC WONDER) for counties in the contiguous United States (n=3109) were investigated using multiple linear regression models, and random intercept, random slope hierarchical models. Urbanicity, climate and their combination were used to explore the spatial patterns in the associations. Results: We found one standard deviation increase in the overall EQI (worse environment) was associated with a mean 3.22% (95% CI: 2.80%, 3.64%) increase in all-cause mortality, a 0.54% (-0.17%, 1.25%) increase in heart disease mortality, a 2.71% (2.21%, 3.22%) increase in cancer mortality, and a 2.25% (1.11%, 3.39%) increase in stroke mortality. Among environmental domains, the associations ranged from -1.27% (-1.70%,-0.84%) to 3.37% (2.90%, 3.84%) for all-cause mortality, -2.62% (-3.52%, -1.73%) to 4.50% (3.73,5.27%) for heart disease mortality, -0.88% (2.12%,0.36%) to 3.72% (2.38%, to 5.06%) for stroke mortality, and -0.68% (-1.19%, -0.18%) to 3.01% (2.46%, 3.56%) for cancer mortality. Air had the largest associations with all-cause, heart disease, and cancer mortality, while the sociodemographic index had the largest association with stroke mortality. Across the urbanicity gradient, no consistent trend was found. Across climate regions, the associations ranged from 2.29% (1.87%, 2.72%) to 5.30% (4.30%, 6.30%) for overall EQI and higher associations were generally found in dry area for both overall EQI and domain indices. Conclusions: These results suggest that poor environmental quality, particularly air quality, was associated with increased mortality, and that associations vary by urbanicity and climate regions. Close

• 10733. [Article] Exploiting New Data Sources to Quantify Arterial Congestion and Performance Measures at a Regional Scale

  Transit travel time, operating speed and reliability all influence service attractiveness, operating cost and system efficiency. These metrics have a long-term impact on system effectiveness through a ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Exploiting New Data Sources to Quantify Arterial Congestion and Performance Measures at a Regional Scale Author: Figliozzi, Miguel, Bertini, Robert L., Glick, Travis B, Stoll, Nicholas B, Feng, Wei, Sidhu, Bobjot S., Pande, Anurag Year: 2017 Transit travel time, operating speed and reliability all influence service attractiveness, operating cost and system efficiency. These metrics have a long-term impact on system effectiveness through a change in ridership. As part of its bus dispatch system (BDS), the Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon (TriMet) has been archiving automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) data for all bus trips at the stop level since 1997. In 2014, a new and higher-resolution bus AVL data collection system was fully implemented. This new AVL system provides stop-level data as well as five-second resolution (5-SR) bus position data between stops. Rather than relying on interpolation tools to estimate bus trajectories (including stops and delays) between stops, the higher-resolution data shows more precise bus positions along each trip. Bus travel speeds and intersection signal/queuing delays may be determined using this newer information of several variables on transit travel time. This research project explored potential applications of the new data for assessing transit performance, and for estimating transportation system performance measures for urban streets and arterials. Results suggest that the 5-SR data provides high-resolution time and position information which can be used to determine bus travel speeds between stops, identify speed breakdowns, and estimate intersection signal/queuing delays. Additionally, high-resolution achieved bus data can be used to visualize sources of congestion and delay on urban arterials. A new inter-stop trip time model was developed using the five-second resolution data. This newly developed model resulted in statistically significant and improved results over previous models. The models for overall travel time indicated that dwell time and average speed between stops were the major factors influencing transit travel time. Hence, it was concluded that estimation of average speed between stops is a critical component of the transit trip time models. Using this 5-SR data in the trip time model led to more precise and statistically valid trip time models. The research provides conclusions that can be used by transit agencies to improve operations through improvements such as transit signal priority. More importantly, for transit agencies looking for ways to archive data the research provides recommendations on formatting the data that can be most useful for future analysis. Title: Exploiting New Data Sources to Quantify Arterial Congestion and Performance Measures at a Regional Scale Author: Figliozzi, Miguel, Bertini, Robert L., Glick, Travis B, Stoll, Nicholas B, Feng, Wei, Sidhu, Bobjot S., Pande, Anurag Year: 2017 Transit travel time, operating speed and reliability all influence service attractiveness, operating cost and system efficiency. These metrics have a long-term impact on system effectiveness through a change in ridership. As part of its bus dispatch system (BDS), the Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon (TriMet) has been archiving automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) data for all bus trips at the stop level since 1997. In 2014, a new and higher-resolution bus AVL data collection system was fully implemented. This new AVL system provides stop-level data as well as five-second resolution (5-SR) bus position data between stops. Rather than relying on interpolation tools to estimate bus trajectories (including stops and delays) between stops, the higher-resolution data shows more precise bus positions along each trip. Bus travel speeds and intersection signal/queuing delays may be determined using this newer information of several variables on transit travel time. This research project explored potential applications of the new data for assessing transit performance, and for estimating transportation system performance measures for urban streets and arterials. Results suggest that the 5-SR data provides high-resolution time and position information which can be used to determine bus travel speeds between stops, identify speed breakdowns, and estimate intersection signal/queuing delays. Additionally, high-resolution achieved bus data can be used to visualize sources of congestion and delay on urban arterials. A new inter-stop trip time model was developed using the five-second resolution data. This newly developed model resulted in statistically significant and improved results over previous models. The models for overall travel time indicated that dwell time and average speed between stops were the major factors influencing transit travel time. Hence, it was concluded that estimation of average speed between stops is a critical component of the transit trip time models. Using this 5-SR data in the trip time model led to more precise and statistically valid trip time models. The research provides conclusions that can be used by transit agencies to improve operations through improvements such as transit signal priority. More importantly, for transit agencies looking for ways to archive data the research provides recommendations on formatting the data that can be most useful for future analysis. Close

• 10734. [Article] A Case Study of Collaborative Governance: Oregon Health Reform and Coordinated Care Organizations

  The complexity of issues in health care in the United States--specifically insurance coverage, access, affordability, quality of care, and financing--requires effective new models for governing, in which ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Case Study of Collaborative Governance: Oregon Health Reform and Coordinated Care Organizations Author: Droppers, Oliver John, V Year: 2014 The complexity of issues in health care in the United States--specifically insurance coverage, access, affordability, quality of care, and financing--requires effective new models for governing, in which governmental and non-governmental organizations seek to solve problems collaboratively rather than independently. This research explores collaborative governance as a model to form new partnerships among for-profit, nonprofit, and public organizations in an effort to create community-based, locally governed health care entities in Oregon through coordinated care organizations (CCOs). A key question is whether collaboration, through CCOs, brings together government and non-governmental organizations to solve "intractable problems" by establishing new public-private partnerships in Medicaid. The research focuses on the formation of CCOs, including the influence of local, political, institutional, and historical contexts, planning processes, and governance structures. The hypothesis is that conditions, norms, governance structures and processes, and the presence or absence of a combination of these factors, facilitate or impede participation and decision-making, and over time, successful system integration by these new complex organizations. This study developed insights into similarities and differences among CCO governance structures by investigating three CCOs. Findings from the case study suggest that the following key factors influence the collaborative governance process among government and non-governmental organizations within CCOs: prior history of conflict or cooperation; open, transparent, and inclusive processes for stakeholders; face-to-face dialogue, trust building, and shared understanding; and high-functioning governing boards. Results also indicate that maintaining stakeholder participation can be challenging due to time and cost, power imbalances and competing interests among stakeholders, and mistrust and lack of facilitative leadership. The results suggest that collaborative governance is a strategic approach for the allocation of limited resources across public, private, and nonprofit organizations to deliver services to Oregon's Medicaid population. The significance of this study is that it identified starting conditions that facilitate and hinder the ability of CCOs to effectively solve problems through governance mechanisms. Oregon's CCOs offer an example of multiple layers of governing institutions--federal, state, and county--using formal authority to influence a specified set of outcomes, the Triple Aim, in a specific policy domain: provision of health care services for underserved Oregonians. Results of the study can help inform a larger, more fundamental question in public administration about contemporary governance: whether government through collaborative governance can create the "conditions for rule and collective action" through public-private partnerships to achieve policy goals (Stoker, 1998). Further research is needed to better understand whether local community-based organizations such as CCOs offer a sustainable model to address policy issues in other arenas by which there is "more government action and less government involvement" (Agranoff & McGuire, 2003). This study contributes to the theory of collaborative governance and may inform future policy decisions about CCOs in Oregon and, more broadly, ongoing national health care reform efforts. Title: A Case Study of Collaborative Governance: Oregon Health Reform and Coordinated Care Organizations Author: Droppers, Oliver John, V Year: 2014 The complexity of issues in health care in the United States--specifically insurance coverage, access, affordability, quality of care, and financing--requires effective new models for governing, in which governmental and non-governmental organizations seek to solve problems collaboratively rather than independently. This research explores collaborative governance as a model to form new partnerships among for-profit, nonprofit, and public organizations in an effort to create community-based, locally governed health care entities in Oregon through coordinated care organizations (CCOs). A key question is whether collaboration, through CCOs, brings together government and non-governmental organizations to solve "intractable problems" by establishing new public-private partnerships in Medicaid. The research focuses on the formation of CCOs, including the influence of local, political, institutional, and historical contexts, planning processes, and governance structures. The hypothesis is that conditions, norms, governance structures and processes, and the presence or absence of a combination of these factors, facilitate or impede participation and decision-making, and over time, successful system integration by these new complex organizations. This study developed insights into similarities and differences among CCO governance structures by investigating three CCOs. Findings from the case study suggest that the following key factors influence the collaborative governance process among government and non-governmental organizations within CCOs: prior history of conflict or cooperation; open, transparent, and inclusive processes for stakeholders; face-to-face dialogue, trust building, and shared understanding; and high-functioning governing boards. Results also indicate that maintaining stakeholder participation can be challenging due to time and cost, power imbalances and competing interests among stakeholders, and mistrust and lack of facilitative leadership. The results suggest that collaborative governance is a strategic approach for the allocation of limited resources across public, private, and nonprofit organizations to deliver services to Oregon's Medicaid population. The significance of this study is that it identified starting conditions that facilitate and hinder the ability of CCOs to effectively solve problems through governance mechanisms. Oregon's CCOs offer an example of multiple layers of governing institutions--federal, state, and county--using formal authority to influence a specified set of outcomes, the Triple Aim, in a specific policy domain: provision of health care services for underserved Oregonians. Results of the study can help inform a larger, more fundamental question in public administration about contemporary governance: whether government through collaborative governance can create the "conditions for rule and collective action" through public-private partnerships to achieve policy goals (Stoker, 1998). Further research is needed to better understand whether local community-based organizations such as CCOs offer a sustainable model to address policy issues in other arenas by which there is "more government action and less government involvement" (Agranoff & McGuire, 2003). This study contributes to the theory of collaborative governance and may inform future policy decisions about CCOs in Oregon and, more broadly, ongoing national health care reform efforts. Close

• 10735. [Article] Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modeling of the Chehalis River Using CE-QUAL-W2

  The Chehalis River Basin is located in the southwest region of Washington State, originating in the Olympic Mountains and flowing to Grays Harbor and the Pacific Ocean. The Chehalis River is over 125 miles, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modeling of the Chehalis River Using CE-QUAL-W2 Author: Van Glubt, Sarah Year: 2017 The Chehalis River Basin is located in the southwest region of Washington State, originating in the Olympic Mountains and flowing to Grays Harbor and the Pacific Ocean. The Chehalis River is over 125 miles, exists within five counties, and flows through agricultural, residential, industrial, and forest land areas. Four major rivers discharge to the Chehalis River, as well as many smaller creeks, five wastewater treatment plants, and groundwater flows. Flooding is a major problem in the relatively flat areas surrounding the cities of Chehalis and Centralia, with severe consequences for property, safety and transportation. As a result, construction of a flood-control dam in the upper basin has been proposed. One major concern of constructing a dam is the potentially severe impacts to fish health and habitat. The Chehalis River has routinely violated water quality standards for primarily temperature and dissolved oxygen, and has had multiple water quality and Total Maximum Daily Load studies beginning in 1990. CE-QUAL-W2, a two-dimensional (longitudinal and vertical) hydrodynamic and water quality model, was used to simulate the Chehalis River, including free flowing river stretches and stratified (in summer) lake-like stretches. The goals of this research were to assess the flood retention structure's impacts to water quality, as well as river responses to potential climate change scenarios. In order to use the model to achieve these goals, calibration to field data for flow, temperature, and water quality constituents was performed. This involved developing meteorological data, riparian shading data, and flow, temperature, water quality records for all tributaries during the calibration period of January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014. System cross-sectional geometry data were also required for the model grid. Because of the short travel time in the river, the model was sensitive to boundary condition data, wind speed, bathymetry, nutrient kinetics, and algae, epiphyton, and zooplankton kinetics. Future conditions showed predictions of warmer water temperatures and slight changes to water quality conditions on the river. As fish in the area prefer cooler water temperatures, this could pose a threat to fish health and habitat. Flood retention structures also showed impacts to river temperature and water quality. Structures with the purpose of flood retention only (only operating during times of flooding) gave model predictions for daily maximum temperature higher than structures that employed flood retention and flow augmentation (operating during all times of the year). This suggested the management of flow passage or retention by the dam is important for water quality on the river. As this research continues improvements will be made, particularly to temperature and water quality constituents. Additional data for the system would be beneficial to this process. Model predictions of temperature were sensitive to meteorological data, including cloud cover, which were largely estimated based on solar radiation. Additional meteorological data throughout the basin would be useful to temperature results. Temperature results were also sensitive to the model bathymetry, and additional investigations into segments widths and water depths may improve temperature predictions. Water quality constituent data were largely lacking for the system. Many estimation techniques and approximations were used for input water quality constituents for the model upstream boundary and tributaries when little or no data were available, introducing uncertainty to the model. It was not possible to calibrate pH to field data because alkalinity data were essentially unavailable. However, other constituents had good agreement between model predictions and field data, including dissolved oxygen, nitrates, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids. Title: Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modeling of the Chehalis River Using CE-QUAL-W2 Author: Van Glubt, Sarah Year: 2017 The Chehalis River Basin is located in the southwest region of Washington State, originating in the Olympic Mountains and flowing to Grays Harbor and the Pacific Ocean. The Chehalis River is over 125 miles, exists within five counties, and flows through agricultural, residential, industrial, and forest land areas. Four major rivers discharge to the Chehalis River, as well as many smaller creeks, five wastewater treatment plants, and groundwater flows. Flooding is a major problem in the relatively flat areas surrounding the cities of Chehalis and Centralia, with severe consequences for property, safety and transportation. As a result, construction of a flood-control dam in the upper basin has been proposed. One major concern of constructing a dam is the potentially severe impacts to fish health and habitat. The Chehalis River has routinely violated water quality standards for primarily temperature and dissolved oxygen, and has had multiple water quality and Total Maximum Daily Load studies beginning in 1990. CE-QUAL-W2, a two-dimensional (longitudinal and vertical) hydrodynamic and water quality model, was used to simulate the Chehalis River, including free flowing river stretches and stratified (in summer) lake-like stretches. The goals of this research were to assess the flood retention structure's impacts to water quality, as well as river responses to potential climate change scenarios. In order to use the model to achieve these goals, calibration to field data for flow, temperature, and water quality constituents was performed. This involved developing meteorological data, riparian shading data, and flow, temperature, water quality records for all tributaries during the calibration period of January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014. System cross-sectional geometry data were also required for the model grid. Because of the short travel time in the river, the model was sensitive to boundary condition data, wind speed, bathymetry, nutrient kinetics, and algae, epiphyton, and zooplankton kinetics. Future conditions showed predictions of warmer water temperatures and slight changes to water quality conditions on the river. As fish in the area prefer cooler water temperatures, this could pose a threat to fish health and habitat. Flood retention structures also showed impacts to river temperature and water quality. Structures with the purpose of flood retention only (only operating during times of flooding) gave model predictions for daily maximum temperature higher than structures that employed flood retention and flow augmentation (operating during all times of the year). This suggested the management of flow passage or retention by the dam is important for water quality on the river. As this research continues improvements will be made, particularly to temperature and water quality constituents. Additional data for the system would be beneficial to this process. Model predictions of temperature were sensitive to meteorological data, including cloud cover, which were largely estimated based on solar radiation. Additional meteorological data throughout the basin would be useful to temperature results. Temperature results were also sensitive to the model bathymetry, and additional investigations into segments widths and water depths may improve temperature predictions. Water quality constituent data were largely lacking for the system. Many estimation techniques and approximations were used for input water quality constituents for the model upstream boundary and tributaries when little or no data were available, introducing uncertainty to the model. It was not possible to calibrate pH to field data because alkalinity data were essentially unavailable. However, other constituents had good agreement between model predictions and field data, including dissolved oxygen, nitrates, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids. Close

• 10736. [Article] 2014 Aquatic Weed Surveys in Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet, North Fork Reservoir, Faraday Lake, and Estacada Lake

  The Clackamas River Hydroelectric Project No. 2195 (Project) is located on the Oak Grove Fork of the Clackamas River and the mainstem of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, Oregon. Reservoirs included ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: 2014 Aquatic Weed Surveys in Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet, North Fork Reservoir, Faraday Lake, and Estacada Lake Author: Miller, Rich, Sytsma, Mark D., Brittain, Jeffrey Thomas Year: 2014 The Clackamas River Hydroelectric Project No. 2195 (Project) is located on the Oak Grove Fork of the Clackamas River and the mainstem of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, Oregon. Reservoirs included in the Project include Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet, North Fork Reservoir, Faraday Lake, and Estacada Lake. The operator of the Project, Portland General Electric (PGE), was issued a license on December 21, 2010 by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) for continued operations and maintenance. The Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for the license noted that regular surveys for invasive aquatic weed species would be conducted as part of the Project’s Vegetation Management Plan. The term “aquatic weed” is used here to refer to any non-native aquatic plant species. Information from repeated aquatic surveys will help determine native species distributions and the need for treatment of problematic aquatic weed species, particularly hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), Brazilian elodea (Egeria densa), and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum). Surveys conducted for PGE by Portland State University (PSU) in Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet, and North Fork Reservoir in 2011 did not locate any problematic submerged or floating leaved aquatic weed species. Earlier surveys of Timothy Lake, and Timothy Lake and Lake Harriet, also indicated the reservoirs were free of aquatic weeds. Heaton et al. (1996) noted that the native species Bidens beckii was present and had the potential to become weedy, however, this species was not found during the 2004 or 2011 surveys. This report covers the results of follow up aquatic vegetation surveys conducted in Lake Harriet, Timothy Lake, and North Fork Reservoir between August 14 and August 21, 2014, as well as new surveys of Faraday Lake and Estacada Lake. Shoreline surveys for emergent invasive species such as yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus) and purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) were included in surveys for the first time. Title: 2014 Aquatic Weed Surveys in Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet, North Fork Reservoir, Faraday Lake, and Estacada Lake Author: Miller, Rich, Sytsma, Mark D., Brittain, Jeffrey Thomas Year: 2014 The Clackamas River Hydroelectric Project No. 2195 (Project) is located on the Oak Grove Fork of the Clackamas River and the mainstem of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, Oregon. Reservoirs included in the Project include Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet, North Fork Reservoir, Faraday Lake, and Estacada Lake. The operator of the Project, Portland General Electric (PGE), was issued a license on December 21, 2010 by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) for continued operations and maintenance. The Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for the license noted that regular surveys for invasive aquatic weed species would be conducted as part of the Project’s Vegetation Management Plan. The term “aquatic weed” is used here to refer to any non-native aquatic plant species. Information from repeated aquatic surveys will help determine native species distributions and the need for treatment of problematic aquatic weed species, particularly hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), Brazilian elodea (Egeria densa), and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum). Surveys conducted for PGE by Portland State University (PSU) in Timothy Lake, Lake Harriet, and North Fork Reservoir in 2011 did not locate any problematic submerged or floating leaved aquatic weed species. Earlier surveys of Timothy Lake, and Timothy Lake and Lake Harriet, also indicated the reservoirs were free of aquatic weeds. Heaton et al. (1996) noted that the native species Bidens beckii was present and had the potential to become weedy, however, this species was not found during the 2004 or 2011 surveys. This report covers the results of follow up aquatic vegetation surveys conducted in Lake Harriet, Timothy Lake, and North Fork Reservoir between August 14 and August 21, 2014, as well as new surveys of Faraday Lake and Estacada Lake. Shoreline surveys for emergent invasive species such as yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus) and purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) were included in surveys for the first time. Close

• 10737. [Article] Where Do Mount Baker Snoqualmie National Forest Visitors Go and Which Roads Do They Use To Get There? An Analysis of the Spatial Data from the 2013 Sustainable Roads Workshops

  This report provides an overview of the key patterns that emerged from the spatial analyses of the destination and route data collected during the 2013 Sustainable Roads workshops on the Mount Baker Snoqualmie ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Where Do Mount Baker Snoqualmie National Forest Visitors Go and Which Roads Do They Use To Get There? An Analysis of the Spatial Data from the 2013 Sustainable Roads Workshops Author: McLain, Rebecca J., Banis, David, Todd, Alexa, Psaris, Mike Year: 2014 This report provides an overview of the key patterns that emerged from the spatial analyses of the destination and route data collected during the 2013 Sustainable Roads workshops on the Mount Baker Snoqualmie (MBS) National Forest. We excluded the pilot workshop data from the analyses because a somewhat different process was used to collect the mapped data. The data used in the analysis was collected from 262 participants in eight workshops (Bellingham, Sedro-Woolley, Darrington, Monroe, Everett, Seattle, Issaquah, Enumclaw). During the workshops, participants mapped up to eight destinations of importance to them, and in most cases, also mapped the routes they took to each destination. For each destination and its associated route, participants also provided the following information. Name of the place Why the destination is especially important What activities or work the participant does there How often the participant visits the place in a typical year What type of transportation the participant uses to get there Of the 262 participants, 252 provided useable data for destinations and 246 provided useable data for roads. The dataset used in the spatial analysis contained 1733 records for destinations and 1609 records for roads. We entered the worksheet data for the destination and road mapping exercise into an Excel spreadsheet. The activities associated with each destination were grouped into eight categories (camping/relaxation, collecting/harvesting, hiking, motorized recreation, observation, sociocultural, strenuous recreation, and winter recreation). Although most people listed no more than two activities for a location, some people listed up to six different activities for certain destinations. The description of why a participant visited a particular location was similarly classified as a set of eight different values. Given the way the question was posed, many of the reasons workshop participants gave for visiting a particular place mirrored the activities in which they participated. The spatial analysis team created map data from a roads dataset provided by MBS National Forest. The routes in the dataset were converted to lines broken at all intersections. Since the lines marked on the maps did not necessary begin or end at intersections, the digitized lines were broken at the beginning and ending vertices for analysis. Segments of state highways (SR 542, 20, 2, etc.) that were marked by participants were removed from the dataset prior to analysis. Marked county roads were retained for analysis to provide context for routes taken to certain popular destinations (e.g., Cascade River Road). All data were checked for quality by someone who did not create the map data. Title: Where Do Mount Baker Snoqualmie National Forest Visitors Go and Which Roads Do They Use To Get There? An Analysis of the Spatial Data from the 2013 Sustainable Roads Workshops Author: McLain, Rebecca J., Banis, David, Todd, Alexa, Psaris, Mike Year: 2014 This report provides an overview of the key patterns that emerged from the spatial analyses of the destination and route data collected during the 2013 Sustainable Roads workshops on the Mount Baker Snoqualmie (MBS) National Forest. We excluded the pilot workshop data from the analyses because a somewhat different process was used to collect the mapped data. The data used in the analysis was collected from 262 participants in eight workshops (Bellingham, Sedro-Woolley, Darrington, Monroe, Everett, Seattle, Issaquah, Enumclaw). During the workshops, participants mapped up to eight destinations of importance to them, and in most cases, also mapped the routes they took to each destination. For each destination and its associated route, participants also provided the following information. Name of the place Why the destination is especially important What activities or work the participant does there How often the participant visits the place in a typical year What type of transportation the participant uses to get there Of the 262 participants, 252 provided useable data for destinations and 246 provided useable data for roads. The dataset used in the spatial analysis contained 1733 records for destinations and 1609 records for roads. We entered the worksheet data for the destination and road mapping exercise into an Excel spreadsheet. The activities associated with each destination were grouped into eight categories (camping/relaxation, collecting/harvesting, hiking, motorized recreation, observation, sociocultural, strenuous recreation, and winter recreation). Although most people listed no more than two activities for a location, some people listed up to six different activities for certain destinations. The description of why a participant visited a particular location was similarly classified as a set of eight different values. Given the way the question was posed, many of the reasons workshop participants gave for visiting a particular place mirrored the activities in which they participated. The spatial analysis team created map data from a roads dataset provided by MBS National Forest. The routes in the dataset were converted to lines broken at all intersections. Since the lines marked on the maps did not necessary begin or end at intersections, the digitized lines were broken at the beginning and ending vertices for analysis. Segments of state highways (SR 542, 20, 2, etc.) that were marked by participants were removed from the dataset prior to analysis. Marked county roads were retained for analysis to provide context for routes taken to certain popular destinations (e.g., Cascade River Road). All data were checked for quality by someone who did not create the map data. Close

• 10738. [Article] SMILODONICHTHYS RASTROSUS A NEW PLIOCENE SALMONID FISH FROM WESTERN UNITED STATES

  52 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: SMILODONICHTHYS RASTROSUS A NEW PLIOCENE SALMONID FISH FROM WESTERN UNITED STATES Author: CAVENDER, TED M., MILLER, ROBERT RUSH Year: 2016, 1972 52 pages Title: SMILODONICHTHYS RASTROSUS A NEW PLIOCENE SALMONID FISH FROM WESTERN UNITED STATES Author: CAVENDER, TED M., MILLER, ROBERT RUSH Year: 2016, 1972 52 pages Close

• 10739. [Image] Juan "Tony" Trujillo Oral History Interview

  	Trujillo, Juan, October 29, 2014. This interview begins with Juan Trujillo’s background, including where he was raised and the background of his parents. Trujillo then discusses his education from high ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Juan "Tony" Trujillo Oral History Interview Year: 2014 Trujillo, Juan, October 29, 2014. This interview begins with Juan Trujillo’s background, including where he was raised and the background of his parents. Trujillo then discusses his education from high school to college at BYU and then in Texas. He also mentions several of his past mentors before stating his reasons for choosing to apply for a job at Oregon State University. After this, he details the past job duties he has held and his current position as assistant professor in the School of Language, Culture, and Society. The classes he teaches and has taught range from Spanish linguistics, to English linguistics, to the Spanish Learning Community class, to DPD courses. Staying with the theme of OSU, Trujillo notes several people of importance from the university. To focus on diversity at OSU, Trujillo chronicles the changes in diversity at the university, the failures of the current OSU administrative bureaucracy to effect change, the cultural centers, his role in supporting faculty of color, and his recommendations for a more diverse campus. Trujillo highlights the lack of access to resources that people of color face at OSU and in Corvallis due to its limitations as a small community. Then, speaking on a national level, Trujillo talks of the racism and wage disparity that many minorities face. The interview transitions into a more personal tone when Trujillo relays his decision to obtain a PhD, his recognition of his ethnic background, his production of a short film documentary regarding gay Mormon experiences, and his expressions through writing. To end the interview, Trujillo highlights his challenges at the university in regards to receiving tenure as well as noting his accomplishments. [Interview conducted by Buddy Terry, Reilly Quinn, and William Rowley as part of the Fall 2014 U-Engage ALS 199 “Untold Stories: Histories of People of Color in Oregon” OSU Faculty/Staff Oral History Project compiled to create the digital book Untold Stories: Oral Histories of Faculty & Staff of Color at Oregon State University. Video available online. Title: Juan "Tony" Trujillo Oral History Interview Year: 2014 Trujillo, Juan, October 29, 2014. This interview begins with Juan Trujillo’s background, including where he was raised and the background of his parents. Trujillo then discusses his education from high school to college at BYU and then in Texas. He also mentions several of his past mentors before stating his reasons for choosing to apply for a job at Oregon State University. After this, he details the past job duties he has held and his current position as assistant professor in the School of Language, Culture, and Society. The classes he teaches and has taught range from Spanish linguistics, to English linguistics, to the Spanish Learning Community class, to DPD courses. Staying with the theme of OSU, Trujillo notes several people of importance from the university. To focus on diversity at OSU, Trujillo chronicles the changes in diversity at the university, the failures of the current OSU administrative bureaucracy to effect change, the cultural centers, his role in supporting faculty of color, and his recommendations for a more diverse campus. Trujillo highlights the lack of access to resources that people of color face at OSU and in Corvallis due to its limitations as a small community. Then, speaking on a national level, Trujillo talks of the racism and wage disparity that many minorities face. The interview transitions into a more personal tone when Trujillo relays his decision to obtain a PhD, his recognition of his ethnic background, his production of a short film documentary regarding gay Mormon experiences, and his expressions through writing. To end the interview, Trujillo highlights his challenges at the university in regards to receiving tenure as well as noting his accomplishments. [Interview conducted by Buddy Terry, Reilly Quinn, and William Rowley as part of the Fall 2014 U-Engage ALS 199 “Untold Stories: Histories of People of Color in Oregon” OSU Faculty/Staff Oral History Project compiled to create the digital book Untold Stories: Oral Histories of Faculty & Staff of Color at Oregon State University. Video available online. Close

• 10740. [Image] OSU Women's Center Group Oral History Interview

  	Amelia Allee grew up in Denver, but calls Portland, Oregon her home. Allee is 20 years old, and self-identifies as French, English, and Huron (a Native American Tribe). This is her first year at Oregon ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: OSU Women's Center Group Oral History Interview Year: 2015 Amelia Allee grew up in Denver, but calls Portland, Oregon her home. Allee is 20 years old, and self-identifies as French, English, and Huron (a Native American Tribe). This is her first year at Oregon State University as a transfer student from Portland Community College. As a junior, she is majoring in public health with a focus in health management and policy. Allee is also working towards her certificate of food and culture and social justice. Previously a student advocate at PCC's women's center, Allee began working at OSU's women's center in 2014. She is currently a peer facilitator, but will soon become the leadership liaison. Shelby Baisden recognizes Gresham, Oregon as her hometown, but calls Portland and Corvallis her home. Baisden is 22, self-identifies as white, and is a senior at Oregon State University. She is studying human development and family sciences in the school of public health and human sciences. This is her first year working for the women's center, although she had previously collaborated with the center. She serves as the communications representative. Soreth Dahri's hometown is Karachi, Pakistan. She self-identifies as Muslim and Pakistani. She is 21 and in her second year at Oregon State University. She is majoring in finance in the college of business. Dahri is currently a peer facilitator at the women's center, and this is her first year working for the center. While Nicthé Verdugo lives in Corvallis, Oregon, her hometown is Chandler, Arizona. Verdugo is 22, self-identifies as Chicana, and is a senior at Oregon State University. She is majoring in ethnic studies with a minor in women, gender, and sexuality studies within the college of liberal arts. This is Verdugo's second year working at the women's center. During her first year, she served as the program coordinator, creating and organizing events. Currently she is the leadership liaison. One of her duties is to serve as a mentor for the staff of the women's center. The interview begins by introducing four staff members of Oregon State University's women's center–Amelia Allee, Shelby Baisden, Soreth Dahri, and Nicthé Verdugo. After discussing their backgrounds, majors, and positions at the women's center, they discuss the challenges of their jobs. These challenges include white privilege and misunderstandings of feminism. They recommend sexual assault awareness and expanded definitions of feminism for future event topics. The interview then chronicles their ideas and advice for the future of the women's center. For this, the interviewees recognize open mindedness, good and purposeful intentions, non-generalizations, and challenging barriers. On a more personal level, they describe several experiences in which their identities have caused them to have both negative and positive interactions. The interview ends with an acknowledgement of the family-like environment of the staff and of the center. Title: OSU Women's Center Group Oral History Interview Year: 2015 Amelia Allee grew up in Denver, but calls Portland, Oregon her home. Allee is 20 years old, and self-identifies as French, English, and Huron (a Native American Tribe). This is her first year at Oregon State University as a transfer student from Portland Community College. As a junior, she is majoring in public health with a focus in health management and policy. Allee is also working towards her certificate of food and culture and social justice. Previously a student advocate at PCC's women's center, Allee began working at OSU's women's center in 2014. She is currently a peer facilitator, but will soon become the leadership liaison. Shelby Baisden recognizes Gresham, Oregon as her hometown, but calls Portland and Corvallis her home. Baisden is 22, self-identifies as white, and is a senior at Oregon State University. She is studying human development and family sciences in the school of public health and human sciences. This is her first year working for the women's center, although she had previously collaborated with the center. She serves as the communications representative. Soreth Dahri's hometown is Karachi, Pakistan. She self-identifies as Muslim and Pakistani. She is 21 and in her second year at Oregon State University. She is majoring in finance in the college of business. Dahri is currently a peer facilitator at the women's center, and this is her first year working for the center. While Nicthé Verdugo lives in Corvallis, Oregon, her hometown is Chandler, Arizona. Verdugo is 22, self-identifies as Chicana, and is a senior at Oregon State University. She is majoring in ethnic studies with a minor in women, gender, and sexuality studies within the college of liberal arts. This is Verdugo's second year working at the women's center. During her first year, she served as the program coordinator, creating and organizing events. Currently she is the leadership liaison. One of her duties is to serve as a mentor for the staff of the women's center. The interview begins by introducing four staff members of Oregon State University's women's center–Amelia Allee, Shelby Baisden, Soreth Dahri, and Nicthé Verdugo. After discussing their backgrounds, majors, and positions at the women's center, they discuss the challenges of their jobs. These challenges include white privilege and misunderstandings of feminism. They recommend sexual assault awareness and expanded definitions of feminism for future event topics. The interview then chronicles their ideas and advice for the future of the women's center. For this, the interviewees recognize open mindedness, good and purposeful intentions, non-generalizations, and challenging barriers. On a more personal level, they describe several experiences in which their identities have caused them to have both negative and positive interactions. The interview ends with an acknowledgement of the family-like environment of the staff and of the center. Close