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• 21. [Article] The Taphonomy of Archaeological Fish Remains: Experimental Approaches to Understanding the Effects of Natural and Cultural Processes on the Presence and Identification of Cut Marks

  Despite the fact that fish are a common component of coastal and other aquatic archaeological sites, fish bone taphonomy--including bone surface modifications and the effects of burial--remains woefully ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Taphonomy of Archaeological Fish Remains: Experimental Approaches to Understanding the Effects of Natural and Cultural Processes on the Presence and Identification of Cut Marks Author: Willis, Lauren Year: 2014 Despite the fact that fish are a common component of coastal and other aquatic archaeological sites, fish bone taphonomy--including bone surface modifications and the effects of burial--remains woefully understudied. Various ethnographic accounts describe fish butchering techniques for immediate consumption and drying, yet cut marks are rarely reported on archaeological fish remains. To address a significant gap in our understanding of fish taphonomy, I devised an experimental research program aimed at assessing whether butchering fish produces cut marks on fish bones and, if so, what factors might account for the discrepancy between the experimental results and the archaeological record. Chapter I provides an introduction to experimental archaeology, including the criticisms and benefits of this approach. Chapter II presents the results of my initial butchery experiment, which establishes that butchering fish can produce abundant cut marks. Chapter III evaluates the effect of the butcher's skill level on the number and distribution of cut marks produced on fish bone during butchery. The results indicate that professional butchers produce nearly 50 percent fewer cut marks than novice- and intermediate-level butchers. Chapter IV addresses the effect of post-depositional taphonomic processes on the long-term visibility of cut marks. Despite a relatively short burial period (27 months), visible cut marks decreased by up to 75 percent, depending on the species. Chapter V is a re-analysis of the fish bone from column E6 at Daisy Cave (CA-SMI-261). Appling the referential framework I acquired through the experiments, I identified 62 cut marks on bones dating from the Early to Late Holocene. A comprehensive understanding of aquatic resource use has implications for a broad range of archaeological topics, including our understanding of hominid diet and resource use; identifying butchery and processing practices among fishing peoples; distinguishing between human and natural agency in the accumulation of fish remains; and assessing questions of behavioral modernity and social complexity. As we continue to recognize the primacy of coastal adaptations throughout human history, it is increasingly critical to expand the breadth of our knowledge regarding the taphonomy of fish remains at archaeological sites. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material. Title: The Taphonomy of Archaeological Fish Remains: Experimental Approaches to Understanding the Effects of Natural and Cultural Processes on the Presence and Identification of Cut Marks Author: Willis, Lauren Year: 2014 Despite the fact that fish are a common component of coastal and other aquatic archaeological sites, fish bone taphonomy--including bone surface modifications and the effects of burial--remains woefully understudied. Various ethnographic accounts describe fish butchering techniques for immediate consumption and drying, yet cut marks are rarely reported on archaeological fish remains. To address a significant gap in our understanding of fish taphonomy, I devised an experimental research program aimed at assessing whether butchering fish produces cut marks on fish bones and, if so, what factors might account for the discrepancy between the experimental results and the archaeological record. Chapter I provides an introduction to experimental archaeology, including the criticisms and benefits of this approach. Chapter II presents the results of my initial butchery experiment, which establishes that butchering fish can produce abundant cut marks. Chapter III evaluates the effect of the butcher's skill level on the number and distribution of cut marks produced on fish bone during butchery. The results indicate that professional butchers produce nearly 50 percent fewer cut marks than novice- and intermediate-level butchers. Chapter IV addresses the effect of post-depositional taphonomic processes on the long-term visibility of cut marks. Despite a relatively short burial period (27 months), visible cut marks decreased by up to 75 percent, depending on the species. Chapter V is a re-analysis of the fish bone from column E6 at Daisy Cave (CA-SMI-261). Appling the referential framework I acquired through the experiments, I identified 62 cut marks on bones dating from the Early to Late Holocene. A comprehensive understanding of aquatic resource use has implications for a broad range of archaeological topics, including our understanding of hominid diet and resource use; identifying butchery and processing practices among fishing peoples; distinguishing between human and natural agency in the accumulation of fish remains; and assessing questions of behavioral modernity and social complexity. As we continue to recognize the primacy of coastal adaptations throughout human history, it is increasingly critical to expand the breadth of our knowledge regarding the taphonomy of fish remains at archaeological sites. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material. Close

• 22. [Article] THE VERTEBRATE FAUNAS OF THE PLIOCENE RINGOLD FORMATION, SOUTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON

  72 pages

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: THE VERTEBRATE FAUNAS OF THE PLIOCENE RINGOLD FORMATION, SOUTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON Author: GUSTAFSON, ERIC PAUL Year: 2016, 1978 72 pages Title: THE VERTEBRATE FAUNAS OF THE PLIOCENE RINGOLD FORMATION, SOUTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON Author: GUSTAFSON, ERIC PAUL Year: 2016, 1978 72 pages Close

• 23. [Article] Physical Oceanography, Larval Dispersal, and Settlement Across Nearshore Fronts

  The larvae of coastal species interact with nearshore currents that are complex and can alter dispersal. I investigated two sites in southern Oregon with different nearshore hydrodynamics: the first site, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Physical Oceanography, Larval Dispersal, and Settlement Across Nearshore Fronts Author: Jarvis, Marley Year: 2015 The larvae of coastal species interact with nearshore currents that are complex and can alter dispersal. I investigated two sites in southern Oregon with different nearshore hydrodynamics: the first site, Sunset Bay, is a small cove with a topographic front that extends across the mouth during upwelling-favorable winds. Using holey sock drogues at 1.5 m and 5.5 m depths and surface drifters at 10 cm depth, I found that, when the front was present, water at 1.5 m was retained within the bay whereas water was exchanged across the front at a depth of 5.5 m. Surface drifters indicated a surface convergence. Surface plankton tows on either side and within the frontal convergence (a shore-parallel foam line) found significantly higher concentrations of barnacle cyprids, crab megalopae and zoea, polychaete larvae, platyhelminthes juveniles, isopods, amphipods, harpacticoid copepods, and fish eggs. Crustacean nauplii (barnacle, euphausiid, and copepod) and calanoid copepods were not concentrated in the convergence, and when the front and foam line were absent, no taxa were concentrated. Plankton tows taken within the foam line as it dissipated shoreward during a wind-reversal event found that concentrations of cyprids, megalopae, and gastropod veligers remained high as the foam line moved, suggesting that it acts as a moving convergence propagating competent larvae shoreward. I measured settlement of two taxa at Sunset Bay and Shore Acres, an open-coast site <2 km away. Barnacle settlement measured every other day from June-September 2013 was significantly cross-correlated with the maximum daily tidal height at lags of -2 days at Sunset Bay and +2 and +4 days at Shore Acres. Settlement was also significantly negatively cross-correlated with wave height at a lag of -4 days at Sunset Bay. Coralline algae settlement measured during eight 48-hr periods in July-August 2013 was significantly negatively correlated with wave height (n = 8, R2 = 0.76, P = 0.0049) at Shore Acres but not at Sunset Bay. Despite the close proximity of the Sunset Bay and Shore Acres sites, settlement patterns differed between taxa, suggesting that differences in nearshore hydrodynamics might affect the supply of water and larvae to shore. This dissertation includes unpublished co-authored material. Title: Physical Oceanography, Larval Dispersal, and Settlement Across Nearshore Fronts Author: Jarvis, Marley Year: 2015 The larvae of coastal species interact with nearshore currents that are complex and can alter dispersal. I investigated two sites in southern Oregon with different nearshore hydrodynamics: the first site, Sunset Bay, is a small cove with a topographic front that extends across the mouth during upwelling-favorable winds. Using holey sock drogues at 1.5 m and 5.5 m depths and surface drifters at 10 cm depth, I found that, when the front was present, water at 1.5 m was retained within the bay whereas water was exchanged across the front at a depth of 5.5 m. Surface drifters indicated a surface convergence. Surface plankton tows on either side and within the frontal convergence (a shore-parallel foam line) found significantly higher concentrations of barnacle cyprids, crab megalopae and zoea, polychaete larvae, platyhelminthes juveniles, isopods, amphipods, harpacticoid copepods, and fish eggs. Crustacean nauplii (barnacle, euphausiid, and copepod) and calanoid copepods were not concentrated in the convergence, and when the front and foam line were absent, no taxa were concentrated. Plankton tows taken within the foam line as it dissipated shoreward during a wind-reversal event found that concentrations of cyprids, megalopae, and gastropod veligers remained high as the foam line moved, suggesting that it acts as a moving convergence propagating competent larvae shoreward. I measured settlement of two taxa at Sunset Bay and Shore Acres, an open-coast site <2 km away. Barnacle settlement measured every other day from June-September 2013 was significantly cross-correlated with the maximum daily tidal height at lags of -2 days at Sunset Bay and +2 and +4 days at Shore Acres. Settlement was also significantly negatively cross-correlated with wave height at a lag of -4 days at Sunset Bay. Coralline algae settlement measured during eight 48-hr periods in July-August 2013 was significantly negatively correlated with wave height (n = 8, R2 = 0.76, P = 0.0049) at Shore Acres but not at Sunset Bay. Despite the close proximity of the Sunset Bay and Shore Acres sites, settlement patterns differed between taxa, suggesting that differences in nearshore hydrodynamics might affect the supply of water and larvae to shore. This dissertation includes unpublished co-authored material. Close

• 24. [Article] THE ROLE OF CHROMODOMAIN PROTEIN 1 (CDP-1) AT NEUROSPORA CRASSA HETEROCHROMATIN

  36 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Biology and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Science, Spring 2...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: THE ROLE OF CHROMODOMAIN PROTEIN 1 (CDP-1) AT NEUROSPORA CRASSA HETEROCHROMATIN Author: Kim, Carissa Year: 2016 36 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Biology and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Science, Spring 2016. Title: THE ROLE OF CHROMODOMAIN PROTEIN 1 (CDP-1) AT NEUROSPORA CRASSA HETEROCHROMATIN Author: Kim, Carissa Year: 2016 36 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Biology and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Science, Spring 2016. Close