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• 1. [Article] Identifying Clusters of Non-Farm Activity within Exclusive Farm Use Zones in the Northern Willamette Valley

  This thesis provides an extensive look at where permitted non-farm uses and dwellings have clustered within Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) zones in the Northern Willamette Valley in Oregon. There is a looming ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Identifying Clusters of Non-Farm Activity within Exclusive Farm Use Zones in the Northern Willamette Valley Author: Chun, Nicholas Year: 2017 This thesis provides an extensive look at where permitted non-farm uses and dwellings have clustered within Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) zones in the Northern Willamette Valley in Oregon. There is a looming concern that non-farm related uses and dwellings, or non-farm development, are conflicting with agricultural preservation strategies. Specifically, non-farm developments can potentially undermine the critical mass of farmland needed to keep the agricultural economy sustainable, but until now, studies have lacked spatially precise data to systematically track these phenomena. This thesis offers methodological contributions towards analyzing these operations and presents a broad account of what has been occurring in the region. Using permit approval data from the Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD) and 2015 county tax lot shapefiles, I geocoded the locations of these uses and dwellings. I used location quotient and spatial autocorrelation coefficients to identify non-farm hotspots in the region and summarized different typologies that have developed. The findings reveal that viticulture operations have amassed near Dundee and Newberg in Yamhill County, while commercial activities and home occupations have clustered near the Salem-Keizer UGB. Concurrently, dwellings have clustered near the Yamhill-Polk County border. Finally, I offer suggestions to improve Oregon's agricultural land use policy and data management process, as well as advocate for more intensive research in the future to generate narratives for our results. Title: Identifying Clusters of Non-Farm Activity within Exclusive Farm Use Zones in the Northern Willamette Valley Author: Chun, Nicholas Year: 2017 This thesis provides an extensive look at where permitted non-farm uses and dwellings have clustered within Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) zones in the Northern Willamette Valley in Oregon. There is a looming concern that non-farm related uses and dwellings, or non-farm development, are conflicting with agricultural preservation strategies. Specifically, non-farm developments can potentially undermine the critical mass of farmland needed to keep the agricultural economy sustainable, but until now, studies have lacked spatially precise data to systematically track these phenomena. This thesis offers methodological contributions towards analyzing these operations and presents a broad account of what has been occurring in the region. Using permit approval data from the Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD) and 2015 county tax lot shapefiles, I geocoded the locations of these uses and dwellings. I used location quotient and spatial autocorrelation coefficients to identify non-farm hotspots in the region and summarized different typologies that have developed. The findings reveal that viticulture operations have amassed near Dundee and Newberg in Yamhill County, while commercial activities and home occupations have clustered near the Salem-Keizer UGB. Concurrently, dwellings have clustered near the Yamhill-Polk County border. Finally, I offer suggestions to improve Oregon's agricultural land use policy and data management process, as well as advocate for more intensive research in the future to generate narratives for our results. Close

• 2. [Article] The Future of Oregon’s Agricultural Land

  Sixty-four percent of Oregon's farmland is expected to change hands in the next 20 years, yet many Oregon farmers are unprepared for succession. Simultaneously, beginning farmers are finding it harder ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Future of Oregon’s Agricultural Land Author: Brekken, Christy Anderson, Gwin, Lauren, Horst, Megan, McAdams, Nellie, Martin, Sheila A Year: 2016 Sixty-four percent of Oregon's farmland is expected to change hands in the next 20 years, yet many Oregon farmers are unprepared for succession. Simultaneously, beginning farmers are finding it harder to start farmers because of dramatically increasing land prices. These distinct but interwined challenges are addressed in a new research report from the Oregon State University Center for Small Farms, Portland State University's Planning Oregon/Institute for Metropolitan Studies, and Rogue Farm Corps. The study examines trends in land tenure and the effects they might have on Oregon's economy, rural communities, and environment. The report was in many ways inspired and informed by the land access working group of the Oregon Community Food Systems Network. Title: The Future of Oregon’s Agricultural Land Author: Brekken, Christy Anderson, Gwin, Lauren, Horst, Megan, McAdams, Nellie, Martin, Sheila A Year: 2016 Sixty-four percent of Oregon's farmland is expected to change hands in the next 20 years, yet many Oregon farmers are unprepared for succession. Simultaneously, beginning farmers are finding it harder to start farmers because of dramatically increasing land prices. These distinct but interwined challenges are addressed in a new research report from the Oregon State University Center for Small Farms, Portland State University's Planning Oregon/Institute for Metropolitan Studies, and Rogue Farm Corps. The study examines trends in land tenure and the effects they might have on Oregon's economy, rural communities, and environment. The report was in many ways inspired and informed by the land access working group of the Oregon Community Food Systems Network. Close

• 3. [Article] Siting a Wind Farm in Oregon: Considering a Hierarchical Decision Model with Four Scenarios

  This paper primarily serves two purposes: first, it looks to develop a methodology that takes scenarios and certain hard-to-measure intangibles such as politics, social impact, and even religion; as well ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Siting a Wind Farm in Oregon: Considering a Hierarchical Decision Model with Four Scenarios Author: Yates, Diane Year: 2015 This paper primarily serves two purposes: first, it looks to develop a methodology that takes scenarios and certain hard-to-measure intangibles such as politics, social impact, and even religion; as well as more tangible and measurable variables such as environmental impacts, cost and types of materials, storage and wind turbine technologies, to name a few, that then could be used as input to a decision-making model on where to build a wind farm. The hierarchical decision model (HDM) then analyzes these variables, based on an independent judging panel, in order to come up with a recommendation for the best site on where to build the wind farm. Second, the preliminary discussion of this paper serves as a prototype of developing a methodology that might one day serve as part of an overall comprehensive energy policy for the State of Oregon. Title: Siting a Wind Farm in Oregon: Considering a Hierarchical Decision Model with Four Scenarios Author: Yates, Diane Year: 2015 This paper primarily serves two purposes: first, it looks to develop a methodology that takes scenarios and certain hard-to-measure intangibles such as politics, social impact, and even religion; as well as more tangible and measurable variables such as environmental impacts, cost and types of materials, storage and wind turbine technologies, to name a few, that then could be used as input to a decision-making model on where to build a wind farm. The hierarchical decision model (HDM) then analyzes these variables, based on an independent judging panel, in order to come up with a recommendation for the best site on where to build the wind farm. Second, the preliminary discussion of this paper serves as a prototype of developing a methodology that might one day serve as part of an overall comprehensive energy policy for the State of Oregon. Close

• 4. [Article] Distribution of Mean Kinetic Energy Around an Isolated Wind Turbine and a Characteristic Wind Turbine of a Very Large Wind Farm

  An isolated wind turbine and a very large wind farm are introduced into large-eddy simulations of an atmospheric boundary layer. The atmospheric flow is forced with a constant geostrophic wind and a time-varying ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Distribution of Mean Kinetic Energy Around an Isolated Wind Turbine and a Characteristic Wind Turbine of a Very Large Wind Farm Author: Cortina, Gerard, Calaf, Marc, Cal, Raul Bayoan Year: 2016 An isolated wind turbine and a very large wind farm are introduced into large-eddy simulations of an atmospheric boundary layer. The atmospheric flow is forced with a constant geostrophic wind and a time-varying surface temperature extracted from a selected period of the CASES-99 field experiment. A control volume approach is used to directly compare the transfer of mean kinetic energy around a characteristic wind turbine throughout a diurnal cycle considering both scenarios. For the very large wind farm case, results illustrate that the recovery of mean kinetic energy around a wind turbine is dominated by the vertical flux, regardless of atmospheric stratification. Contrarily, for an isolated wind turbine, the recovery is dependent on the background atmospheric stratification and it is produced by a combination of advection, vertical flux, and pressure redistribution. The analysis also illustrates that during the unstable stratification periods vertical entrainment of mean kinetic energy dominates, whereas during the stable regime horizontal entrainment is predominant. Finally, it is observed that in both scenarios, the single wind turbine and the large wind farm cases, turbulent mixing is driven by the background convective stratification during the unstable period and by the effect of the wind turbine during the stable regime. Title: Distribution of Mean Kinetic Energy Around an Isolated Wind Turbine and a Characteristic Wind Turbine of a Very Large Wind Farm Author: Cortina, Gerard, Calaf, Marc, Cal, Raul Bayoan Year: 2016 An isolated wind turbine and a very large wind farm are introduced into large-eddy simulations of an atmospheric boundary layer. The atmospheric flow is forced with a constant geostrophic wind and a time-varying surface temperature extracted from a selected period of the CASES-99 field experiment. A control volume approach is used to directly compare the transfer of mean kinetic energy around a characteristic wind turbine throughout a diurnal cycle considering both scenarios. For the very large wind farm case, results illustrate that the recovery of mean kinetic energy around a wind turbine is dominated by the vertical flux, regardless of atmospheric stratification. Contrarily, for an isolated wind turbine, the recovery is dependent on the background atmospheric stratification and it is produced by a combination of advection, vertical flux, and pressure redistribution. The analysis also illustrates that during the unstable stratification periods vertical entrainment of mean kinetic energy dominates, whereas during the stable regime horizontal entrainment is predominant. Finally, it is observed that in both scenarios, the single wind turbine and the large wind farm cases, turbulent mixing is driven by the background convective stratification during the unstable period and by the effect of the wind turbine during the stable regime. Close

• 5. [Article] Blade Number Effects in a Scaled Down Wind Farm

  Two 3 × 4 scaled down wind farms were analyzed to understand differences in wind turbine boundary layers when turbines operating at identical power coefficients have two or three blades. Mean streamwise ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Blade Number Effects in a Scaled Down Wind Farm Author: Newman, A. Jensen, Cal, Raúl Bayoán, Castillo, Luciano Year: 2015 Two 3 × 4 scaled down wind farms were analyzed to understand differences in wind turbine boundary layers when turbines operating at identical power coefficients have two or three blades. Mean streamwise velocities in two bladed turbine near wakes ranged between 10 and 100% larger than those in the three bladed case with large differences just behind the nacelle. In the rotor swept region of far wakes, mean velocity differences between the two arrays were about 10% (max) and became smaller with increasing streamwise direction. Contrary to these findings, regions above and below rotors become less similar deep in the array. Incoming flow to downstream turbines was shown to have greater Reynolds streamwise normal stress for three bladed rotors. Percentage differences ranged between about 30% for the second turbine down to 10% for the fourth turbine. Additionally, there is qualitative evidence that suggests incoming streamwise Reynolds normal stress becomes similar between the two types of turbines, indicating that asymptotically two and three bladed turbines could have similar fatigue loading properties. These results show that use of two bladed turbines would have the most impact when used in a wind farm's first two rows. Title: Blade Number Effects in a Scaled Down Wind Farm Author: Newman, A. Jensen, Cal, Raúl Bayoán, Castillo, Luciano Year: 2015 Two 3 × 4 scaled down wind farms were analyzed to understand differences in wind turbine boundary layers when turbines operating at identical power coefficients have two or three blades. Mean streamwise velocities in two bladed turbine near wakes ranged between 10 and 100% larger than those in the three bladed case with large differences just behind the nacelle. In the rotor swept region of far wakes, mean velocity differences between the two arrays were about 10% (max) and became smaller with increasing streamwise direction. Contrary to these findings, regions above and below rotors become less similar deep in the array. Incoming flow to downstream turbines was shown to have greater Reynolds streamwise normal stress for three bladed rotors. Percentage differences ranged between about 30% for the second turbine down to 10% for the fourth turbine. Additionally, there is qualitative evidence that suggests incoming streamwise Reynolds normal stress becomes similar between the two types of turbines, indicating that asymptotically two and three bladed turbines could have similar fatigue loading properties. These results show that use of two bladed turbines would have the most impact when used in a wind farm's first two rows. Close

• 6. [Article] Policies Driving Wind Power Adoption in the Pacific Northwest

  Wind energy is generally the cheapest renewable energy technology, and it is the only one ready for large-scale deployment. Wind energy investment has been growing rapidly due to government support. In ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Policies Driving Wind Power Adoption in the Pacific Northwest Author: Lui, Jonathan, Gu, Yongwen, Martin, Brandon Year: 2014 Wind energy is generally the cheapest renewable energy technology, and it is the only one ready for large-scale deployment. Wind energy investment has been growing rapidly due to government support. In this project, we analyzed the policies driving wind power adoption in the Pacific Northwest. We built a HDM model to identify the driving forces behind wind power adoption from policy perspective, economic perspective, and environment perspective. For policy perspective, we considered production tax credit (PTC), Washington state initiative (I-937), energy trust policy, federal clean renewable energy bonds, over supply and subsidies, and wind farm location selection. For economic perspective, we considered job created for wind farms, tax revenue for rural communities, easement payment for farm owners, demand of wind turbines and turbine component, and stabilization of wholesale electricity costs. For environmental perspective, we considered reductions of ecological footprint, carbon emissions, water consumptions, and toxic pollutions thanks to wind energy. We identified that policy is still the main factor of wind adoption in the Pacific Northwest. Without additional tax incentives for the Pacific Northwest there will likely be a reduction in wind sites. We confirmed that wind energy benefits the economy and environment. As technology continues to improve, so will the benefits associated with this maturing technology. Title: Policies Driving Wind Power Adoption in the Pacific Northwest Author: Lui, Jonathan, Gu, Yongwen, Martin, Brandon Year: 2014 Wind energy is generally the cheapest renewable energy technology, and it is the only one ready for large-scale deployment. Wind energy investment has been growing rapidly due to government support. In this project, we analyzed the policies driving wind power adoption in the Pacific Northwest. We built a HDM model to identify the driving forces behind wind power adoption from policy perspective, economic perspective, and environment perspective. For policy perspective, we considered production tax credit (PTC), Washington state initiative (I-937), energy trust policy, federal clean renewable energy bonds, over supply and subsidies, and wind farm location selection. For economic perspective, we considered job created for wind farms, tax revenue for rural communities, easement payment for farm owners, demand of wind turbines and turbine component, and stabilization of wholesale electricity costs. For environmental perspective, we considered reductions of ecological footprint, carbon emissions, water consumptions, and toxic pollutions thanks to wind energy. We identified that policy is still the main factor of wind adoption in the Pacific Northwest. Without additional tax incentives for the Pacific Northwest there will likely be a reduction in wind sites. We confirmed that wind energy benefits the economy and environment. As technology continues to improve, so will the benefits associated with this maturing technology. Close

• 7. [Article] Technology Roadmap: Cattle Farming Sustainability in Germany

  Cattle farming is one of the most environmentally threatening industries worldwide. Its impact has been assessed as a main driver for soil degradation, deforestation, water bed contamination, and greenhouse ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Technology Roadmap: Cattle Farming Sustainability in Germany Author: Gallegos Rivero, Alvaro Rigel, Daim, Tugrul U. Year: 2017 Cattle farming is one of the most environmentally threatening industries worldwide. Its impact has been assessed as a main driver for soil degradation, deforestation, water bed contamination, and greenhouse gas emissions. Germany is one of the largest consumers and producers of livestock products in the world. This high volume demand for livestock forces farmers and consumers to import from overseas and increase national yields. Technologies worldwide are being developed with a focus on sustainability and cleaner production; however, this may not necessarily be easily adapted and implemented by German farmers. This paper uses the technology roadmap approach to propose a plan for implementing these technologies by identifying the barriers and actions to remove them. Aquaponics, grazing management, and capturing methane are current global trends used in the effort to reduce the impact of livestock. While aquaponics are at an early stage of development and implementation in Germany, grazing management techniques and methane processing on free range cattle are mostly still unknown and not implemented by farmers producing in the country. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Title: Technology Roadmap: Cattle Farming Sustainability in Germany Author: Gallegos Rivero, Alvaro Rigel, Daim, Tugrul U. Year: 2017 Cattle farming is one of the most environmentally threatening industries worldwide. Its impact has been assessed as a main driver for soil degradation, deforestation, water bed contamination, and greenhouse gas emissions. Germany is one of the largest consumers and producers of livestock products in the world. This high volume demand for livestock forces farmers and consumers to import from overseas and increase national yields. Technologies worldwide are being developed with a focus on sustainability and cleaner production; however, this may not necessarily be easily adapted and implemented by German farmers. This paper uses the technology roadmap approach to propose a plan for implementing these technologies by identifying the barriers and actions to remove them. Aquaponics, grazing management, and capturing methane are current global trends used in the effort to reduce the impact of livestock. While aquaponics are at an early stage of development and implementation in Germany, grazing management techniques and methane processing on free range cattle are mostly still unknown and not implemented by farmers producing in the country. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd Close

• 8. [Article] Organics to You - Optimization of Produce Bins

  Organics to You (www.organicstoyou.org ) is a produce delivery company that focuses on bringing organic local food from local farms straight to the homes, schools, and businesses of its clients. Each week ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Organics to You - Optimization of Produce Bins Author: Lerdphayakkarat, Rassaniya, Chieh Lu, Chuan, Roschke, Jon, Suzuki, Juliana, Truong, Jessie Year: 2017 Organics to You (www.organicstoyou.org ) is a produce delivery company that focuses on bringing organic local food from local farms straight to the homes, schools, and businesses of its clients. Each week a "Small Bin" is created using different varieties of local produce from various farms. Customers receive a bin that contains 12-14 varieties of produce with 2-6 "servings" of each variety (e.g., 1 melon, 4 apples, 1 head of lettuce, 2 lbs potatoes, etc). Our objective is to optimize the contents of the “Small Bin”. The decision we want to make is how much of each variety do we include in the bin while minimizing capital costs, thus maximizing profits. Constraints will aim to keep each variety within the appropriate "servings" range in order to ensure a well rounded bin and avoid overloading customers with too much of one thing, i.e. we cannot just give everyone twenty pounds of potatoes as cheap as that might be. Title: Organics to You - Optimization of Produce Bins Author: Lerdphayakkarat, Rassaniya, Chieh Lu, Chuan, Roschke, Jon, Suzuki, Juliana, Truong, Jessie Year: 2017 Organics to You (www.organicstoyou.org ) is a produce delivery company that focuses on bringing organic local food from local farms straight to the homes, schools, and businesses of its clients. Each week a "Small Bin" is created using different varieties of local produce from various farms. Customers receive a bin that contains 12-14 varieties of produce with 2-6 "servings" of each variety (e.g., 1 melon, 4 apples, 1 head of lettuce, 2 lbs potatoes, etc). Our objective is to optimize the contents of the “Small Bin”. The decision we want to make is how much of each variety do we include in the bin while minimizing capital costs, thus maximizing profits. Constraints will aim to keep each variety within the appropriate "servings" range in order to ensure a well rounded bin and avoid overloading customers with too much of one thing, i.e. we cannot just give everyone twenty pounds of potatoes as cheap as that might be. Close

• 9. [Article] Leaving Silos on the Farm: A Sustainable Solution for Distributing eBooks

  Douglas County Libraries won a grant based on their eBook model to provide a platform for the state, eVoke Colorado. Initiated several years ago, and discussed here previously, this session provides new ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Leaving Silos on the Farm: A Sustainable Solution for Distributing eBooks Author: Tibbetts, Hutch Year: 2015 Douglas County Libraries won a grant based on their eBook model to provide a platform for the state, eVoke Colorado. Initiated several years ago, and discussed here previously, this session provides new insight into their progress, partnering with Spain-based Odilo to deliver eBooks and eAudio, as well as downloadable music and video, through their catalog. Ideally suited for consortia, library networks, and statewide platforms, it eliminates content silos, making the patron experience second to none. Title: Leaving Silos on the Farm: A Sustainable Solution for Distributing eBooks Author: Tibbetts, Hutch Year: 2015 Douglas County Libraries won a grant based on their eBook model to provide a platform for the state, eVoke Colorado. Initiated several years ago, and discussed here previously, this session provides new insight into their progress, partnering with Spain-based Odilo to deliver eBooks and eAudio, as well as downloadable music and video, through their catalog. Ideally suited for consortia, library networks, and statewide platforms, it eliminates content silos, making the patron experience second to none. Close

• 10. [Article] Vignettes and Havensville Farm

  This thesis includes a series of terse vignettes and a pastoral section. Both groups of poems share a connection to imagism and are invested in latency, given that the fraught images hint at violences ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Vignettes and Havensville Farm Author: Green, Michael McKee Year: 2016 This thesis includes a series of terse vignettes and a pastoral section. Both groups of poems share a connection to imagism and are invested in latency, given that the fraught images hint at violences just beyond the reader's sensual periphery. Title: Vignettes and Havensville Farm Author: Green, Michael McKee Year: 2016 This thesis includes a series of terse vignettes and a pastoral section. Both groups of poems share a connection to imagism and are invested in latency, given that the fraught images hint at violences just beyond the reader's sensual periphery. Close