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• 1. [Article] Historical Vegetation of Three Salmon-Bearing Watersheds in the Interior Columbia River Basin

  Land use practices can be a contributing factor to environmental degradation and have been the focus of many ecological studies. One aspect that is less addressed is land use history and the effects that ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Historical Vegetation of Three Salmon-Bearing Watersheds in the Interior Columbia River Basin Author: Smith, Tyanna Year: 2014 Land use practices can be a contributing factor to environmental degradation and have been the focus of many ecological studies. One aspect that is less addressed is land use history and the effects that past practices, such as logging and grazing, can have on the current landscape. This paper describes research and the synthesis of material on the environmental history and watershed characteristics for three watersheds located within spawning and rearing areas for Chinook salmon in the Grande Ronde River Basin in Northeast Oregon: upper Grande Ronde River, Catherine Creek, and Minam River. The Grande Ronde Basin is critical spawning and rearing habitat for salmonids listed under the Endangered Species Act. The primary historical data sources for reconstructing 19th century stream and riparian conditions are the General Land Office township survey notes from 1863 - 1901. Data about the habitat conditions of the landscape were extracted from notes of each township survey source regarding vegetation, stream crossings, and other features found on the landscape in tabular and spatial forms. Data were organized to describe common stream and riparian conditions for the historical time period using a geographic information system. Watershed basin, Chinook salmon life history, ecoregion and surveyor were analyzed using multivariate techniques to determine which parameters were strongly connected to historical vegetation. Ecoregion had the strongest correlation with plant communities. For future research, these historical data could be compared to current habitat survey data, such as the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife’s Aquatic Habitat Inventories, to evaluate the degree of change over time of stream and riparian conditions. Title: Historical Vegetation of Three Salmon-Bearing Watersheds in the Interior Columbia River Basin Author: Smith, Tyanna Year: 2014 Land use practices can be a contributing factor to environmental degradation and have been the focus of many ecological studies. One aspect that is less addressed is land use history and the effects that past practices, such as logging and grazing, can have on the current landscape. This paper describes research and the synthesis of material on the environmental history and watershed characteristics for three watersheds located within spawning and rearing areas for Chinook salmon in the Grande Ronde River Basin in Northeast Oregon: upper Grande Ronde River, Catherine Creek, and Minam River. The Grande Ronde Basin is critical spawning and rearing habitat for salmonids listed under the Endangered Species Act. The primary historical data sources for reconstructing 19th century stream and riparian conditions are the General Land Office township survey notes from 1863 - 1901. Data about the habitat conditions of the landscape were extracted from notes of each township survey source regarding vegetation, stream crossings, and other features found on the landscape in tabular and spatial forms. Data were organized to describe common stream and riparian conditions for the historical time period using a geographic information system. Watershed basin, Chinook salmon life history, ecoregion and surveyor were analyzed using multivariate techniques to determine which parameters were strongly connected to historical vegetation. Ecoregion had the strongest correlation with plant communities. For future research, these historical data could be compared to current habitat survey data, such as the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife’s Aquatic Habitat Inventories, to evaluate the degree of change over time of stream and riparian conditions. Close

• 2. [Article] How Well has Land-Use Planning Worked Under Different Governance Regimes? A Case Study in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA Metropolitan Area, USA

  We examine land use planning outcomes over a 30-year period in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA (USA) metropolitan area. The four-county study region enables comparisons between three Oregon counties subject ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: How Well has Land-Use Planning Worked Under Different Governance Regimes? A Case Study in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA Metropolitan Area, USA Author: Kline, Jeffrey D., Thiers, Paul R., Ozawa, Connie P., Yeakley, J. Alan, Gordon, Sean N. Year: 2014 We examine land use planning outcomes over a 30-year period in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA (USA) metropolitan area. The four-county study region enables comparisons between three Oregon counties subject to Oregon’s 1973 Land Use Act (Senate Bill 100) and Clark County, WA which implemented land use planning under Washington’s 1990 Growth Management Act. We describe county-level historical land uses from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s, including low-density residential and urban development, both outside and inside of current urban growth boundaries. We use difference-in-differences models to test whether differences in the proportions of developed land resulting from implementation of urban growth boundaries are statistically significant and whether they vary between Oregon and Washington. Our results suggest that land use planning and urban growth boundaries now mandated both in Oregon and Washington portions of the study area have had a measurable and statistically significant effect in containing development and conserving forest and agricultural lands in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area. Our results also suggest, however, that these effects differ across the four study-area counties, likely owing in part to differences in counties’ initial levels of development, distinctly different land use planning histories, and how restrictive their urban growth boundaries were drawn. Title: How Well has Land-Use Planning Worked Under Different Governance Regimes? A Case Study in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA Metropolitan Area, USA Author: Kline, Jeffrey D., Thiers, Paul R., Ozawa, Connie P., Yeakley, J. Alan, Gordon, Sean N. Year: 2014 We examine land use planning outcomes over a 30-year period in the Portland, OR-Vancouver, WA (USA) metropolitan area. The four-county study region enables comparisons between three Oregon counties subject to Oregon’s 1973 Land Use Act (Senate Bill 100) and Clark County, WA which implemented land use planning under Washington’s 1990 Growth Management Act. We describe county-level historical land uses from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s, including low-density residential and urban development, both outside and inside of current urban growth boundaries. We use difference-in-differences models to test whether differences in the proportions of developed land resulting from implementation of urban growth boundaries are statistically significant and whether they vary between Oregon and Washington. Our results suggest that land use planning and urban growth boundaries now mandated both in Oregon and Washington portions of the study area have had a measurable and statistically significant effect in containing development and conserving forest and agricultural lands in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area. Our results also suggest, however, that these effects differ across the four study-area counties, likely owing in part to differences in counties’ initial levels of development, distinctly different land use planning histories, and how restrictive their urban growth boundaries were drawn. Close

• 3. [Article] The Histories of New York City’s Parks

  This is the introduction to the Journal of Planning History volume 16 issue 2, 2017.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Histories of New York City’s Parks Author: McNeur, Catherine Year: 2017 This is the introduction to the Journal of Planning History volume 16 issue 2, 2017. Title: The Histories of New York City’s Parks Author: McNeur, Catherine Year: 2017 This is the introduction to the Journal of Planning History volume 16 issue 2, 2017. Close

• 4. [Article] Interview with Bob Rindy (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Bob Rindy by Sy Adler on May 16, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Rindy is Legislative Coordinator for the Oregon Department of Land Conservation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Bob Rindy (on Goal 10) Author: Rindy, Bob, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Bob Rindy by Sy Adler on May 16, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Rindy is Legislative Coordinator for the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, the agency that administers the statewide land-use planning program set forth in 1973 with Senate Bill 100. Title: Interview with Bob Rindy (on Goal 10) Author: Rindy, Bob, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Bob Rindy by Sy Adler on May 16, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Rindy is Legislative Coordinator for the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, the agency that administers the statewide land-use planning program set forth in 1973 with Senate Bill 100. Close

• 5. [Article] Interview with Stephen Kafoury

  Interview with Stephen Kafoury by Dillon Mahmoudi on May 29, 2015. Stephen Kafoury was an Oregon State Representative and served as the Chair of the Joint Committee on Land Use during the adoption of the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Stephen Kafoury Author: Kafoury, Stephen, Mahmoudi, Dillon Year: 2015 Interview with Stephen Kafoury by Dillon Mahmoudi on May 29, 2015. Stephen Kafoury was an Oregon State Representative and served as the Chair of the Joint Committee on Land Use during the adoption of the statewide land use program in the early 1970s. Title: Interview with Stephen Kafoury Author: Kafoury, Stephen, Mahmoudi, Dillon Year: 2015 Interview with Stephen Kafoury by Dillon Mahmoudi on May 29, 2015. Stephen Kafoury was an Oregon State Representative and served as the Chair of the Joint Committee on Land Use during the adoption of the statewide land use program in the early 1970s. Close

• 6. [Article] Interview with Mark Greenfield (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Mark Greenfield by Jim Irvine in 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mark Greenfield is a Portland-area attorney specializing in land use. He has represented ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Mark Greenfield (on Goal 10) Author: Greenfield, Mark, Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Mark Greenfield by Jim Irvine in 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mark Greenfield is a Portland-area attorney specializing in land use. He has represented the nonprofit organization 1000 Friends of Oregon and agencies including Tri-Met and Metro, and has served on the City of Portland Housing Advisory Committee. Title: Interview with Mark Greenfield (on Goal 10) Author: Greenfield, Mark, Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Mark Greenfield by Jim Irvine in 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mark Greenfield is a Portland-area attorney specializing in land use. He has represented the nonprofit organization 1000 Friends of Oregon and agencies including Tri-Met and Metro, and has served on the City of Portland Housing Advisory Committee. Close

• 7. [Article] Interview with James Ross

  Interview with Jim Ross by Jim Knight on June 15, 2015. Jim Ross worked in land use planning in Marion County and served as the director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with James Ross Author: Ross, James, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Jim Ross by Jim Knight on June 15, 2015. Jim Ross worked in land use planning in Marion County and served as the director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Title: Interview with James Ross Author: Ross, James, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Jim Ross by Jim Knight on June 15, 2015. Jim Ross worked in land use planning in Marion County and served as the director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Close

• 8. [Article] Interview with William Blosser

  Interview with William Blosser by Anthony Lavenda on June 16, 2015. Bill Blosser's roles in connection with Oregon's land use planning system include chairing the Land Conservation and Development Commission, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with William Blosser Author: Blosser, William, Lavenda, Anthony Year: 2015 Interview with William Blosser by Anthony Lavenda on June 16, 2015. Bill Blosser's roles in connection with Oregon's land use planning system include chairing the Land Conservation and Development Commission, the Water Resources Commission, and the Environmental Quality Commission. Title: Interview with William Blosser Author: Blosser, William, Lavenda, Anthony Year: 2015 Interview with William Blosser by Anthony Lavenda on June 16, 2015. Bill Blosser's roles in connection with Oregon's land use planning system include chairing the Land Conservation and Development Commission, the Water Resources Commission, and the Environmental Quality Commission. Close

• 9. [Article] Interview with Roger Kirchner

  Interview with Roger Kirchner by Jim Knight on August 12, 2015. Roger Kirchner was a founding staff member of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development and served on the Land Conservation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Roger Kirchner Author: Kirchner, Roger, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Roger Kirchner by Jim Knight on August 12, 2015. Roger Kirchner was a founding staff member of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development and served on the Land Conservation and Development Commission (LCDC). Title: Interview with Roger Kirchner Author: Kirchner, Roger, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Roger Kirchner by Jim Knight on August 12, 2015. Roger Kirchner was a founding staff member of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development and served on the Land Conservation and Development Commission (LCDC). Close

• 10. [Article] Interview with Burton Weast

  Interview with Burton Weast by Bob Rindy on August 18, 2015. Burton Weast was planner for Curry County in 1970. He worked as a senior lobbyist on land use issues for the League of Oregon Cities, a representative ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Burton Weast Author: Weast, Burton, Rindy, Bob Year: 2015 Interview with Burton Weast by Bob Rindy on August 18, 2015. Burton Weast was planner for Curry County in 1970. He worked as a senior lobbyist on land use issues for the League of Oregon Cities, a representative of Portland's Home Builders Association, and as a private lobbyist and consultant. Title: Interview with Burton Weast Author: Weast, Burton, Rindy, Bob Year: 2015 Interview with Burton Weast by Bob Rindy on August 18, 2015. Burton Weast was planner for Curry County in 1970. He worked as a senior lobbyist on land use issues for the League of Oregon Cities, a representative of Portland's Home Builders Association, and as a private lobbyist and consultant. Close

• 11. [Article] Interview with Janet McLennan

  Interview with Janet McLennan by Kevin Pozzi on June 11, 2015. Janet McLennan was House Counsel for the Oregon House Committee on Land Use and the Environment during the 1973 legislative session, during ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Janet McLennan Author: McLennan, Janet, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Janet McLennan by Kevin Pozzi on June 11, 2015. Janet McLennan was House Counsel for the Oregon House Committee on Land Use and the Environment during the 1973 legislative session, during the passage of Senate Bill 100. Title: Interview with Janet McLennan Author: McLennan, Janet, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Janet McLennan by Kevin Pozzi on June 11, 2015. Janet McLennan was House Counsel for the Oregon House Committee on Land Use and the Environment during the 1973 legislative session, during the passage of Senate Bill 100. Close

• 12. [Article] Interview with Lee Miller

  Interview with Lee Miller by Kevin Pozzi on August 12, 2015. Lee Miller's career in land use includes positions as Director of the Lane County Planning Department and as Chair of the Oregon Planning Director's ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Lee Miller Author: Miller, Lee, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Lee Miller by Kevin Pozzi on August 12, 2015. Lee Miller's career in land use includes positions as Director of the Lane County Planning Department and as Chair of the Oregon Planning Director's Association. Title: Interview with Lee Miller Author: Miller, Lee, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Lee Miller by Kevin Pozzi on August 12, 2015. Lee Miller's career in land use includes positions as Director of the Lane County Planning Department and as Chair of the Oregon Planning Director's Association. Close

• 13. [Article] Interview with Russell Beaton

  Interview with Russell Beaton by Jim Knight on June 18, 2015. Russ Beaton was Professor of Economics at Willamette University in Salem. He participated in drafting the widely acclaimed 1973 Oregon legislation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Russell Beaton Author: Beaton, Russell, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Russell Beaton by Jim Knight on June 18, 2015. Russ Beaton was Professor of Economics at Willamette University in Salem. He participated in drafting the widely acclaimed 1973 Oregon legislation on land-use planning. Title: Interview with Russell Beaton Author: Beaton, Russell, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Russell Beaton by Jim Knight on June 18, 2015. Russ Beaton was Professor of Economics at Willamette University in Salem. He participated in drafting the widely acclaimed 1973 Oregon legislation on land-use planning. Close

• 14. [Article] Interview with Robert Cortright

  Robert Cortright was interviewed on March 9, 2017 by Ben Kahn. Bob Cortright is the Transportation Planning Coordinator for Oregon's Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD).

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Robert Cortright Author: Cortright, Robert, Kahn, Benjamin Year: 2017 Robert Cortright was interviewed on March 9, 2017 by Ben Kahn. Bob Cortright is the Transportation Planning Coordinator for Oregon's Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD). Title: Interview with Robert Cortright Author: Cortright, Robert, Kahn, Benjamin Year: 2017 Robert Cortright was interviewed on March 9, 2017 by Ben Kahn. Bob Cortright is the Transportation Planning Coordinator for Oregon's Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD). Close

• 15. [Article] Interview with Arnold Cogan

  Interview with Arnold Cogan by James (Jim) Sitzman on June 23, 2015. Arnold Cogan, of the community outreach firm Cogan, Owens, & Green, was Oregon's first Planning Coordinator under Governor Tom McCall, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Arnold Cogan Author: Cogan, Arnold, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Arnold Cogan by James (Jim) Sitzman on June 23, 2015. Arnold Cogan, of the community outreach firm Cogan, Owens, & Green, was Oregon's first Planning Coordinator under Governor Tom McCall, the first Director of the Department of Land Conservation and Development, and the first Planning Director for the Port of Portland. Title: Interview with Arnold Cogan Author: Cogan, Arnold, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Arnold Cogan by James (Jim) Sitzman on June 23, 2015. Arnold Cogan, of the community outreach firm Cogan, Owens, & Green, was Oregon's first Planning Coordinator under Governor Tom McCall, the first Director of the Department of Land Conservation and Development, and the first Planning Director for the Port of Portland. Close

• 16. [Article] Interview with Richard Benner

  Interview with Richard Benner by Anthony Lavenda on May 14, 2015. Dick Benner served as Director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, as staff attorney for 1000 Friends of Oregon, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Richard Benner Author: Benner, Richard, Lavenda, Anthony Year: 2015 Interview with Richard Benner by Anthony Lavenda on May 14, 2015. Dick Benner served as Director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, as staff attorney for 1000 Friends of Oregon, and as the executive director of the Columbia River Gorge Commission. Title: Interview with Richard Benner Author: Benner, Richard, Lavenda, Anthony Year: 2015 Interview with Richard Benner by Anthony Lavenda on May 14, 2015. Dick Benner served as Director of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, as staff attorney for 1000 Friends of Oregon, and as the executive director of the Columbia River Gorge Commission. Close

• 17. [Article] Interview with Edward Sullivan

  Interview with Edward Sullivan by Kevin Pozzi on August 20, 2015. Ed Sullivan served as Assistant County Counsel and County Counsel for Washington County and as Legal Counsel for the Governor of Oregon. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Edward Sullivan Author: Sullivan, Edward, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Edward Sullivan by Kevin Pozzi on August 20, 2015. Ed Sullivan served as Assistant County Counsel and County Counsel for Washington County and as Legal Counsel for the Governor of Oregon. He was a board member of the Oregon Chapter of the American Planning Association and chair of the Housing Land Advocates. Title: Interview with Edward Sullivan Author: Sullivan, Edward, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Edward Sullivan by Kevin Pozzi on August 20, 2015. Ed Sullivan served as Assistant County Counsel and County Counsel for Washington County and as Legal Counsel for the Governor of Oregon. He was a board member of the Oregon Chapter of the American Planning Association and chair of the Housing Land Advocates. Close

• 18. [Article] Interview with Harold Brauner

  Interview with Harold (Hal) Brauner by Katherine Daniels on July 1, 2015. Hal Brauner served as Director of the Department of Land Conservation and Development.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Harold Brauner Author: Brauner, Harold, Daniels, Katherine Year: 2015 Interview with Harold (Hal) Brauner by Katherine Daniels on July 1, 2015. Hal Brauner served as Director of the Department of Land Conservation and Development. Title: Interview with Harold Brauner Author: Brauner, Harold, Daniels, Katherine Year: 2015 Interview with Harold (Hal) Brauner by Katherine Daniels on July 1, 2015. Hal Brauner served as Director of the Department of Land Conservation and Development. Close

• 19. [Article] Interview with John Faust

  Interview with Jack Faust by Kevin Pozzi on August 19, 2015. Jack Faust, Vice Chairman of the Land Conservation and Development Commission from 1979 to 1983, was a lawyer at the firm Schwabe, Williamson, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with John Faust Author: Faust, John, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Jack Faust by Kevin Pozzi on August 19, 2015. Jack Faust, Vice Chairman of the Land Conservation and Development Commission from 1979 to 1983, was a lawyer at the firm Schwabe, Williamson, and Wyatt in Portland Title: Interview with John Faust Author: Faust, John, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Jack Faust by Kevin Pozzi on August 19, 2015. Jack Faust, Vice Chairman of the Land Conservation and Development Commission from 1979 to 1983, was a lawyer at the firm Schwabe, Williamson, and Wyatt in Portland Close

• 20. [Article] Interview with Margaret Collins

  Interview with Margaret Collins by Jim Sitzman on May 27, 2015. Maggie Collins was an original member of the Citizen Involvement Advisory Committee, which was established by Senate Bill 100 to advise the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Margaret Collins Author: Collins, Margaret, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Margaret Collins by Jim Sitzman on May 27, 2015. Maggie Collins was an original member of the Citizen Involvement Advisory Committee, which was established by Senate Bill 100 to advise the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission on Goal 1 of the statewide planning system: citizen involvement. Title: Interview with Margaret Collins Author: Collins, Margaret, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Margaret Collins by Jim Sitzman on May 27, 2015. Maggie Collins was an original member of the Citizen Involvement Advisory Committee, which was established by Senate Bill 100 to advise the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission on Goal 1 of the statewide planning system: citizen involvement. Close

• 21. [Article] Interview with Mitch Rohse

  Interview with Mitch Rohse by Jim Knight on August 6, 2015. Mitch Rohse was Planning Director of Polk County, served on the staff of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development for 20 years ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Mitch Rohse Author: Rohse, Mitch, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Mitch Rohse by Jim Knight on August 6, 2015. Mitch Rohse was Planning Director of Polk County, served on the staff of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development for 20 years between 1980-2000, and worked as a planning consultant for Oregon coastal and rural counties. Title: Interview with Mitch Rohse Author: Rohse, Mitch, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Mitch Rohse by Jim Knight on August 6, 2015. Mitch Rohse was Planning Director of Polk County, served on the staff of the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development for 20 years between 1980-2000, and worked as a planning consultant for Oregon coastal and rural counties. Close

• 22. [Article] Interview with Steven Schell

  Interview with Steven Schell by Jim Knight on June 24, 2015. Steve Schell was a member and vice-chair of the first appointed Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission, 1973-76.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Steven Schell Author: Schell, Steven, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Steven Schell by Jim Knight on June 24, 2015. Steve Schell was a member and vice-chair of the first appointed Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission, 1973-76. Title: Interview with Steven Schell Author: Schell, Steven, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Steven Schell by Jim Knight on June 24, 2015. Steve Schell was a member and vice-chair of the first appointed Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission, 1973-76. Close

• 23. [Article] Interview with Brent L. Lake

  Interview with Brent Lake by Jim Knight on July 24, 2015. Brent Lake began his service with the Department of Land Conservation and Development in 1974. He helped draft twelve of the first fourteen statewide ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Brent L. Lake Author: Lake, Brent L., Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Brent Lake by Jim Knight on July 24, 2015. Brent Lake began his service with the Department of Land Conservation and Development in 1974. He helped draft twelve of the first fourteen statewide planning goals and served as a field representative of the department to cities and counties throughout Oregon. Title: Interview with Brent L. Lake Author: Lake, Brent L., Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Brent Lake by Jim Knight on July 24, 2015. Brent Lake began his service with the Department of Land Conservation and Development in 1974. He helped draft twelve of the first fourteen statewide planning goals and served as a field representative of the department to cities and counties throughout Oregon. Close

• 24. [Article] Interview with Robert E. Clay (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Robert E. Clay by Sy Adler on May 3, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Clay is a planning consultant in Portland, Oregon who has held senior management ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Robert E. Clay (on Goal 10) Author: Clay, Robert E., Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Robert E. Clay by Sy Adler on May 3, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Clay is a planning consultant in Portland, Oregon who has held senior management positions in urban planning for city, state, regional, and federal agencies since 1973. Title: Interview with Robert E. Clay (on Goal 10) Author: Clay, Robert E., Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Robert E. Clay by Sy Adler on May 3, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Clay is a planning consultant in Portland, Oregon who has held senior management positions in urban planning for city, state, regional, and federal agencies since 1973. Close

• 25. [Article] Interview with Don Mazziotti (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Don Mazziotti in 2017 by Jim Irvine focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mazziotti headed the Portland Development Commission from 2001 to 2005, served as ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Don Mazziotti (on Goal 10) Author: Mazziotti, Don, Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Don Mazziotti in 2017 by Jim Irvine focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mazziotti headed the Portland Development Commission from 2001 to 2005, served as Portland’s chief planner in the 1970s and acted as chief information officer for Oregon in the late 1990s. (Second half of interview missing.) Title: Interview with Don Mazziotti (on Goal 10) Author: Mazziotti, Don, Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Don Mazziotti in 2017 by Jim Irvine focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Mazziotti headed the Portland Development Commission from 2001 to 2005, served as Portland’s chief planner in the 1970s and acted as chief information officer for Oregon in the late 1990s. (Second half of interview missing.) Close

• 26. [Article] Interview with Fred VanNatta (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Fred VanNatta by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Fred VanNatta began his career as a paid campaign staffer for two presidential ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Fred VanNatta (on Goal 10) Author: VanNatta, Fred, Irvine, James Year: 2017 Interview with Fred VanNatta by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Fred VanNatta began his career as a paid campaign staffer for two presidential candidates and as an aide to the Oregon House Speaker during the 1965 and 1967 legislature. As a political lobbyist from 1969 on, his clients included the Oregon State Homebuilders Association and the Association of Engineering Employees of Oregon. Title: Interview with Fred VanNatta (on Goal 10) Author: VanNatta, Fred, Irvine, James Year: 2017 Interview with Fred VanNatta by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Fred VanNatta began his career as a paid campaign staffer for two presidential candidates and as an aide to the Oregon House Speaker during the 1965 and 1967 legislature. As a political lobbyist from 1969 on, his clients included the Oregon State Homebuilders Association and the Association of Engineering Employees of Oregon. Close

• 27. [Article] Interview with Greg Winterowd (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Greg Winterowd by Sy Adler on May 8, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Winterowd is principal and co-founder of Winterbrook Planning, a professional ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Greg Winterowd (on Goal 10) Author: Winterowd, Greg, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Greg Winterowd by Sy Adler on May 8, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Winterowd is principal and co-founder of Winterbrook Planning, a professional consultancy based in Portland, Oregon. He served as Planning and Development Director for the city of Springfield, Oregon, and as President of the Oregon Chapter of the American Planning Association. Title: Interview with Greg Winterowd (on Goal 10) Author: Winterowd, Greg, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Greg Winterowd by Sy Adler on May 8, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Winterowd is principal and co-founder of Winterbrook Planning, a professional consultancy based in Portland, Oregon. He served as Planning and Development Director for the city of Springfield, Oregon, and as President of the Oregon Chapter of the American Planning Association. Close

• 28. [Article] Interview with Bruce Bartow

  Interview with Bruce Bartow by Michael Rupp on October 11, 2016. Bruce Bartow served as Planning Director for Josephine County, Oregon, from 1977 to 2005.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Bruce Bartow Author: Bartow, Bruce, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 Interview with Bruce Bartow by Michael Rupp on October 11, 2016. Bruce Bartow served as Planning Director for Josephine County, Oregon, from 1977 to 2005. Title: Interview with Bruce Bartow Author: Bartow, Bruce, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 Interview with Bruce Bartow by Michael Rupp on October 11, 2016. Bruce Bartow served as Planning Director for Josephine County, Oregon, from 1977 to 2005. Close

• 29. [Article] Interview with Allen Johnson

  Allen (Al) Johnson was interviewed by Sy Adler on June 2, 2017. Al Johnson is a retired Oregon land use attorney who founded and practiced with the firm Johnson, Kloos and Sherton (originally Johnson and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Allen Johnson Author: Johnson, Allen, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Allen (Al) Johnson was interviewed by Sy Adler on June 2, 2017. Al Johnson is a retired Oregon land use attorney who founded and practiced with the firm Johnson, Kloos and Sherton (originally Johnson and Kloos) in the 1980s and 1990s. He worked as a hearings official for the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission in the 1970s. From 1993 until his retirement, he represented public- and private-sector clients throughout the state. After his retirement in 2010, he served as a member of the Urban Growth Boundary Residential Lands Technical Advisory Committee for the city of Bend, Oregon. Title: Interview with Allen Johnson Author: Johnson, Allen, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Allen (Al) Johnson was interviewed by Sy Adler on June 2, 2017. Al Johnson is a retired Oregon land use attorney who founded and practiced with the firm Johnson, Kloos and Sherton (originally Johnson and Kloos) in the 1980s and 1990s. He worked as a hearings official for the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission in the 1970s. From 1993 until his retirement, he represented public- and private-sector clients throughout the state. After his retirement in 2010, he served as a member of the Urban Growth Boundary Residential Lands Technical Advisory Committee for the city of Bend, Oregon. Close

• 30. [Article] Looking Back at Planning Oregon

  An interview with Henry Richmond is the product of a new project called People and the Land: An Oral History of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Richmond explains the political and economic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Looking Back at Planning Oregon Author: Richmond, Henry, Sitzman, James Year: 2016 An interview with Henry Richmond is the product of a new project called People and the Land: An Oral History of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Richmond explains the political and economic conditions in which land use program was forged, and how these have changed over time. The full interview is available here: http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/16296 Title: Looking Back at Planning Oregon Author: Richmond, Henry, Sitzman, James Year: 2016 An interview with Henry Richmond is the product of a new project called People and the Land: An Oral History of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Richmond explains the political and economic conditions in which land use program was forged, and how these have changed over time. The full interview is available here: http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/16296 Close

• 31. [Article] Interview with Robert E. Stacey (on Goal 10)

  Interview with Robert E. Stacey by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Stacey serves on the Metro Council representing District 6, which includes ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Robert E. Stacey (on Goal 10) Author: Stacey, Robert E., Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Robert E. Stacey by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Stacey serves on the Metro Council representing District 6, which includes portions of the city of Portland. He has served as senior policy advisor to Oregon Governor Barbara Roberts, and was the executive director of 1000 Friends of Oregon, a non-profit organization focused on land-use planning. Title: Interview with Robert E. Stacey (on Goal 10) Author: Stacey, Robert E., Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with Robert E. Stacey by Jim Irvine on May 15, 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. Bob Stacey serves on the Metro Council representing District 6, which includes portions of the city of Portland. He has served as senior policy advisor to Oregon Governor Barbara Roberts, and was the executive director of 1000 Friends of Oregon, a non-profit organization focused on land-use planning. Close

• 32. [Article] Interview with James B. (Jim) Knight

  James Knight was interviewed on April 24, 2017, by Michael Rupp. Jim Knight's career in public agencies spanned thirty-three years. From 1970 to 1974 he worked in Buffalo, New York, for the Erie County ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with James B. (Jim) Knight Author: Knight, James B, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 James Knight was interviewed on April 24, 2017, by Michael Rupp. Jim Knight's career in public agencies spanned thirty-three years. From 1970 to 1974 he worked in Buffalo, New York, for the Erie County Division of Planning and for the Office for the Aging. In June 1974 he joined the Oregon Department of Land Conservation (DLCD), which administers Oregon's land use planning program. He retired from DLCD in March 2003. Title: Interview with James B. (Jim) Knight Author: Knight, James B, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 James Knight was interviewed on April 24, 2017, by Michael Rupp. Jim Knight's career in public agencies spanned thirty-three years. From 1970 to 1974 he worked in Buffalo, New York, for the Erie County Division of Planning and for the Office for the Aging. In June 1974 he joined the Oregon Department of Land Conservation (DLCD), which administers Oregon's land use planning program. He retired from DLCD in March 2003. Close

• 33. [Article] Interview with Lloyd Chapman

  Lloyd Chapman was interviewed on July 31, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Lloyd Chapman worked with the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development on water, forest, and land use projects. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Lloyd Chapman Author: Chapman, Lloyd, Rupp, Michael, Knight, James Year: 2017 Lloyd Chapman was interviewed on July 31, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Lloyd Chapman worked with the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development on water, forest, and land use projects. In addition to his career with DLCD, Chapman is an active citizen advocate who has held numerous elected and volunteer positions in local agencies and associations in the Salem area since the 1980s. He served as a Salem Transit District board member starting in 1999 and was elected Board President in 2003; in 2008, he was a candidate for Mayor of Salem; and in 2011, he was elected to a position on the Salem-Keizer School Board. Title: Interview with Lloyd Chapman Author: Chapman, Lloyd, Rupp, Michael, Knight, James Year: 2017 Lloyd Chapman was interviewed on July 31, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Lloyd Chapman worked with the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development on water, forest, and land use projects. In addition to his career with DLCD, Chapman is an active citizen advocate who has held numerous elected and volunteer positions in local agencies and associations in the Salem area since the 1980s. He served as a Salem Transit District board member starting in 1999 and was elected Board President in 2003; in 2008, he was a candidate for Mayor of Salem; and in 2011, he was elected to a position on the Salem-Keizer School Board. Close

• 34. [Article] Interview with Gordon Fultz

  Gordon Fultz was interviewed on April 26, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Fultz is the Legislative Coordinator for the Association of Oregon Counties (AOC).

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Gordon Fultz Author: Fultz, Gordon, Rupp, Michael, Knight, James Year: 2017 Gordon Fultz was interviewed on April 26, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Fultz is the Legislative Coordinator for the Association of Oregon Counties (AOC). Title: Interview with Gordon Fultz Author: Fultz, Gordon, Rupp, Michael, Knight, James Year: 2017 Gordon Fultz was interviewed on April 26, 2017, by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight. Fultz is the Legislative Coordinator for the Association of Oregon Counties (AOC). Close

• 35. [Article] Interview with Keith Cubic

  Interview with Keith Cubic by Michael Rupp on March 8, 2016. Keith Cubic has served as the Planning Director for Douglas County, Oregon, since 1978.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Keith Cubic Author: Cubic, Keith, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 Interview with Keith Cubic by Michael Rupp on March 8, 2016. Keith Cubic has served as the Planning Director for Douglas County, Oregon, since 1978. Title: Interview with Keith Cubic Author: Cubic, Keith, Rupp, Michael Year: 2017 Interview with Keith Cubic by Michael Rupp on March 8, 2016. Keith Cubic has served as the Planning Director for Douglas County, Oregon, since 1978. Close

• 36. [Article] Interview with Andy Cotugno

  Interview with Andy Cotugno by Sy Adler on March 8, 2016. Andy Cotugno served as planning director at Metro from 1980 to 2008 and as the Metro Council's Senior Policy Advisor from 2008 until his retirement ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Andy Cotugno Author: Cotugno, Andy, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Andy Cotugno by Sy Adler on March 8, 2016. Andy Cotugno served as planning director at Metro from 1980 to 2008 and as the Metro Council's Senior Policy Advisor from 2008 until his retirement in March 2016. Title: Interview with Andy Cotugno Author: Cotugno, Andy, Adler, Sy Year: 2017 Interview with Andy Cotugno by Sy Adler on March 8, 2016. Andy Cotugno served as planning director at Metro from 1980 to 2008 and as the Metro Council's Senior Policy Advisor from 2008 until his retirement in March 2016. Close

• 37. [Article] Interview with Arthur Schlack

  Interview with Arthur Schlack by Dillon Mahmoudi on June 25, 2015. Art Schlack was a planner in Washington County, a comprehensive plan administrator in Clark County, Washington, a planning director in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Arthur Schlack Author: Schlack, Arthur, Mahmoudi, Dillon Year: 2015 Interview with Arthur Schlack by Dillon Mahmoudi on June 25, 2015. Art Schlack was a planner in Washington County, a comprehensive plan administrator in Clark County, Washington, a planning director in Polk County, and also served as a planner and policy manager for the Association of Oregon Counties. Title: Interview with Arthur Schlack Author: Schlack, Arthur, Mahmoudi, Dillon Year: 2015 Interview with Arthur Schlack by Dillon Mahmoudi on June 25, 2015. Art Schlack was a planner in Washington County, a comprehensive plan administrator in Clark County, Washington, a planning director in Polk County, and also served as a planner and policy manager for the Association of Oregon Counties. Close

• 38. [Article] Interview with Gene Derfler

  Interview with Gene Derfler by Jim Knight on June 10, 2015. Gene Derfler was an Oregon State Representative from 1988-1994 and an Oregon State Senator from 1994-2002. He also worked in real estate in the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Gene Derfler Author: Derfler, Gene, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Gene Derfler by Jim Knight on June 10, 2015. Gene Derfler was an Oregon State Representative from 1988-1994 and an Oregon State Senator from 1994-2002. He also worked in real estate in the Salem area and was involved in numerous community organizations. Title: Interview with Gene Derfler Author: Derfler, Gene, Knight, Jim Year: 2015 Interview with Gene Derfler by Jim Knight on June 10, 2015. Gene Derfler was an Oregon State Representative from 1988-1994 and an Oregon State Senator from 1994-2002. He also worked in real estate in the Salem area and was involved in numerous community organizations. Close

• 39. [Article] Interview with Henry Richmond

  Interview with Henry Richmond by Jim Sitzman on June 1, 2015. Henry Richmond co-founded 1000 Friends of Oregon in 1974 and served as the group's first executive director for over 19 years.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Henry Richmond Author: Richmond, Henry, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Henry Richmond by Jim Sitzman on June 1, 2015. Henry Richmond co-founded 1000 Friends of Oregon in 1974 and served as the group's first executive director for over 19 years. Title: Interview with Henry Richmond Author: Richmond, Henry, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Henry Richmond by Jim Sitzman on June 1, 2015. Henry Richmond co-founded 1000 Friends of Oregon in 1974 and served as the group's first executive director for over 19 years. Close

• 40. [Article] Interview with Robert Liberty

  Interview with Robert Liberty by Kevin Pozzi on August 13, 2015. Robert Liberty served as staff attorney and as Executive Director of 1000 Friends of Oregon, as an elected Metro Councilor in the Portland ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Robert Liberty Author: Liberty, Robert, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Robert Liberty by Kevin Pozzi on August 13, 2015. Robert Liberty served as staff attorney and as Executive Director of 1000 Friends of Oregon, as an elected Metro Councilor in the Portland region, and as the Director of the Sustainable Cities Initiative at the University of Oregon. Title: Interview with Robert Liberty Author: Liberty, Robert, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with Robert Liberty by Kevin Pozzi on August 13, 2015. Robert Liberty served as staff attorney and as Executive Director of 1000 Friends of Oregon, as an elected Metro Councilor in the Portland region, and as the Director of the Sustainable Cities Initiative at the University of Oregon. Close

• 41. [Article] Interview with Vic Affolter

  Interview with Vic Affolter by Bob Rindy on July 15, 2015. Vic Affolter served as the Planning and Community Development Director for Tillamook County, Oregon, for twenty years until his retirement in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Vic Affolter Author: Affolter, Vic, Rindy, Bob Year: 2015 Interview with Vic Affolter by Bob Rindy on July 15, 2015. Vic Affolter served as the Planning and Community Development Director for Tillamook County, Oregon, for twenty years until his retirement in 2001. Title: Interview with Vic Affolter Author: Affolter, Vic, Rindy, Bob Year: 2015 Interview with Vic Affolter by Bob Rindy on July 15, 2015. Vic Affolter served as the Planning and Community Development Director for Tillamook County, Oregon, for twenty years until his retirement in 2001. Close

• 42. [Article] Interview with John VanLandingham (on Goal 10)

  Interview with John VanLandingham by Jim Irvine in 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. John VanLandingham has served as chair of the Oregon Land Conservation and Development ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with John VanLandingham (on Goal 10) Author: VanLandingham, John, Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with John VanLandingham by Jim Irvine in 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. John VanLandingham has served as chair of the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission, the Eugene Planning Commission, and the Housing Policy Board for Lane County and the cities of Eugene and Springfield. He is a lawyer for the Lane County Legal Aid & Advocacy Center and is active with the Oregon Housing Alliance, the Fair Housing Council of Oregon, and the Network for Oregon Affordable Housing. Title: Interview with John VanLandingham (on Goal 10) Author: VanLandingham, John, Irvine, Jim Year: 2017 Interview with John VanLandingham by Jim Irvine in 2017 focused on Goal 10 of Oregon's Statewide Land Use Planning Program. John VanLandingham has served as chair of the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission, the Eugene Planning Commission, and the Housing Policy Board for Lane County and the cities of Eugene and Springfield. He is a lawyer for the Lane County Legal Aid & Advocacy Center and is active with the Oregon Housing Alliance, the Fair Housing Council of Oregon, and the Network for Oregon Affordable Housing. Close

• 43. [Article] Interview with Chief Justice Wallace P. Carson, Jr.

  Interview with Chief Justice Wallace P. Carson, Jr. by Katherine Daniels on July 1, 2015. Chief Justice Wallace Carson was the longest-serving Chief Justice on the Oregon Supreme Court (fourteen years, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Chief Justice Wallace P. Carson, Jr. Author: Carson, Wallace P., Jr., Daniels, Katherine Year: 2015 Interview with Chief Justice Wallace P. Carson, Jr. by Katherine Daniels on July 1, 2015. Chief Justice Wallace Carson was the longest-serving Chief Justice on the Oregon Supreme Court (fourteen years, 1991-2005). He served two terms in the Oregon House of Representatives and was an Oregon Senator from 1970-77. He helped to pass the Oregon bottle bill, greenway bill, and other land use legislation. Title: Interview with Chief Justice Wallace P. Carson, Jr. Author: Carson, Wallace P., Jr., Daniels, Katherine Year: 2015 Interview with Chief Justice Wallace P. Carson, Jr. by Katherine Daniels on July 1, 2015. Chief Justice Wallace Carson was the longest-serving Chief Justice on the Oregon Supreme Court (fourteen years, 1991-2005). He served two terms in the Oregon House of Representatives and was an Oregon Senator from 1970-77. He helped to pass the Oregon bottle bill, greenway bill, and other land use legislation. Close

• 44. [Article] Interview with Dale Blanton

  Dale Blanton was interviewed by Bob Rindy and Jim Knight on June 13, 2017. Dale Blanton served as the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development’s senior coastal policy analyst and as the Federal ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Dale Blanton Author: Blanton, Dale, Rindy, Bob, Knight, James Year: 2017 Dale Blanton was interviewed by Bob Rindy and Jim Knight on June 13, 2017. Dale Blanton served as the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development’s senior coastal policy analyst and as the Federal Program Officer for the agency’s Coastal Management Program. He was the principal policy advisor to coastal planners, state agencies, and local governments, especially on statewide planning goals 16 (Estuarine Resources), 17 (Coastal Shorelands), and 18 (Beaches and Dunes), and monitored the effects of state and federal legislative actions on coastal policies and programs. Prior to his twenty-six-year career with DLCD, Blanton worked as a natural resource agency coordinator for the Oregon Dispute Resolution Commission. He retired from DLCD in 2011. Title: Interview with Dale Blanton Author: Blanton, Dale, Rindy, Bob, Knight, James Year: 2017 Dale Blanton was interviewed by Bob Rindy and Jim Knight on June 13, 2017. Dale Blanton served as the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development’s senior coastal policy analyst and as the Federal Program Officer for the agency’s Coastal Management Program. He was the principal policy advisor to coastal planners, state agencies, and local governments, especially on statewide planning goals 16 (Estuarine Resources), 17 (Coastal Shorelands), and 18 (Beaches and Dunes), and monitored the effects of state and federal legislative actions on coastal policies and programs. Prior to his twenty-six-year career with DLCD, Blanton worked as a natural resource agency coordinator for the Oregon Dispute Resolution Commission. He retired from DLCD in 2011. Close

• 45. [Article] Interview with James Sitzman

  Interview with James Sitzman by Kevin Pozzi on August 27, 2015. Jim Sitzman worked with Metro and its predecessor, the Columbia Region Association of Governments (CRAG), where he assisted in drawing the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with James Sitzman Author: Sitzman, James, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with James Sitzman by Kevin Pozzi on August 27, 2015. Jim Sitzman worked with Metro and its predecessor, the Columbia Region Association of Governments (CRAG), where he assisted in drawing the first urban growth boundary around the Portland metropolitan area. He also served as a field representative for the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Title: Interview with James Sitzman Author: Sitzman, James, Pozzi, Kevin Year: 2015 Interview with James Sitzman by Kevin Pozzi on August 27, 2015. Jim Sitzman worked with Metro and its predecessor, the Columbia Region Association of Governments (CRAG), where he assisted in drawing the first urban growth boundary around the Portland metropolitan area. He also served as a field representative for the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Close

• 46. [Article] Interview with Rick Bastasch

  Rick Bastasch was interviewed by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight on May 10, 2017. A lifelong Oregonian, Rick Bastasch is the author of "The Oregon Water Handbook" (Oregon State University Press, 2006). He ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Rick Bastasch Author: Bastasch, Rick, Rupp, Michael, Knight, James Year: 2017 Rick Bastasch was interviewed by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight on May 10, 2017. A lifelong Oregonian, Rick Bastasch is the author of "The Oregon Water Handbook" (Oregon State University Press, 2006). He worked with the Oregon Water Resources Department for over a decade, specializing in river basin planning, intergovernmental coordination, public information, and legislative analysis. He has also led recent efforts to conserve and restore the Willamette River. Title: Interview with Rick Bastasch Author: Bastasch, Rick, Rupp, Michael, Knight, James Year: 2017 Rick Bastasch was interviewed by Michael Rupp and Jim Knight on May 10, 2017. A lifelong Oregonian, Rick Bastasch is the author of "The Oregon Water Handbook" (Oregon State University Press, 2006). He worked with the Oregon Water Resources Department for over a decade, specializing in river basin planning, intergovernmental coordination, public information, and legislative analysis. He has also led recent efforts to conserve and restore the Willamette River. Close

• 47. [Article] Interview with Fred VanNatta

  Interview with Fred VanNatta by Bob Rindy on June 25, 2015. Fred VanNatta began his career as a campaign staffer for two presidential candidates and as an aide to the Oregon House Speaker during the 1965 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Fred VanNatta Author: VanNatta, Fred, Rindy, Bob Year: 2015 Interview with Fred VanNatta by Bob Rindy on June 25, 2015. Fred VanNatta began his career as a campaign staffer for two presidential candidates and as an aide to the Oregon House Speaker during the 1965 and 1967 legislature. As a political lobbyist from 1969 on, his clients included the Oregon State Homebuilders Association and the Association of Engineering Employees of Oregon. Title: Interview with Fred VanNatta Author: VanNatta, Fred, Rindy, Bob Year: 2015 Interview with Fred VanNatta by Bob Rindy on June 25, 2015. Fred VanNatta began his career as a campaign staffer for two presidential candidates and as an aide to the Oregon House Speaker during the 1965 and 1967 legislature. As a political lobbyist from 1969 on, his clients included the Oregon State Homebuilders Association and the Association of Engineering Employees of Oregon. Close

• 48. [Article] Interview with Ronald and Jane Cease

  Interview with Ronald and Jane Cease by James (Jim) Sitzman on June 18, 2015. Ron Cease was invited to teach at Portland State University in 1966, where he founded the university's Public Administration ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Ronald and Jane Cease Author: Cease, Ronald, Cease, Jane, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Ronald and Jane Cease by James (Jim) Sitzman on June 18, 2015. Ron Cease was invited to teach at Portland State University in 1966, where he founded the university's Public Administration program in 1976. Jane Cease was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives in 1978 and was re-elected in 1980. Ron won a seat in the Oregon House in 1984, the same year that Jane was elected to the Oregon Senate. Title: Interview with Ronald and Jane Cease Author: Cease, Ronald, Cease, Jane, Sitzman, James Year: 2015 Interview with Ronald and Jane Cease by James (Jim) Sitzman on June 18, 2015. Ron Cease was invited to teach at Portland State University in 1966, where he founded the university's Public Administration program in 1976. Jane Cease was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives in 1978 and was re-elected in 1980. Ron won a seat in the Oregon House in 1984, the same year that Jane was elected to the Oregon Senate. Close

• 49. [Article] Interview with Ward Armstrong

  Interview with Ward Armstrong by Michael Rupp on May 18, 2015. Ward Armstrong was a lobbyist and public policy specialist who worked as Director of the Association of Oregon Counties in Salem in the early ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Interview with Ward Armstrong Author: Armstrong, Ward, Rupp, Michael Year: 2015 Interview with Ward Armstrong by Michael Rupp on May 18, 2015. Ward Armstrong was a lobbyist and public policy specialist who worked as Director of the Association of Oregon Counties in Salem in the early 1960s and as Oregon Director of Governmental Affairs for the Weyerhauser Corporation between 1966-86. Between 1986 -94, he was the Executive Director of the Oregon Forest Council. Title: Interview with Ward Armstrong Author: Armstrong, Ward, Rupp, Michael Year: 2015 Interview with Ward Armstrong by Michael Rupp on May 18, 2015. Ward Armstrong was a lobbyist and public policy specialist who worked as Director of the Association of Oregon Counties in Salem in the early 1960s and as Oregon Director of Governmental Affairs for the Weyerhauser Corporation between 1966-86. Between 1986 -94, he was the Executive Director of the Oregon Forest Council. Close

• 50. [Article] Relationships Between Environmental Governance and Water Quality in a Growing Metropolitan Area of the Pacific Northwest, USA

  We investigate relationships between environmental governance and water quality in two adjacent growing metropolitan areas in the western US. While the Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, Washington metro ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Relationships Between Environmental Governance and Water Quality in a Growing Metropolitan Area of the Pacific Northwest, USA Author: Chang, Heejun, Thiers, Paul R., Netusil, Noelwah R., Yeakley, J. Alan, Rollwagen-Bollens, Gretchen, Bollens, Steve, Singh, Sonia Year: 2014 We investigate relationships between environmental governance and water quality in two adjacent growing metropolitan areas in the western US. While the Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, Washington metro areas share many common biophysical characteristics, they have different land development histories and water governance structures, providing a unique opportunity for examining how differences in governance might affect environmental quality. We conceptualize possible linkages in which water quality influences governance directly, using monitoring efforts as a metric, and indirectly by using the change in the sale price of single-family residential properties. Governance may then influence water quality directly through riparian restoration resulting from monitoring results and indirectly through land use policy.We investigate evidence to substantiate these linkages. Our results showed that changes in monitoring regimes and land development patterns differed in response to differences in growth management policy and environmental governance systems. Our results also showed similarities in environmental quality responses to varying governance systems. For example, we found that sales prices responded positively to improved water quality (e.g., increases in DO and reductions in bacteria counts) in both cities. Furthermore, riparian restoration efforts improved over time for both cities, indicating the positive effect of governance on this land-based resource that may result in improved water quality. However, as of yet, there were no substantial differences across study areas in water temperature over time, despite an expansion of these urban areas of more than 20%over 24 years. The mechanisms by which water quality was maintained was similar in the sense that both cities benefited from riparian restoration, but different in the sense that Portland benefited indirectly from land use policy. A combination of long-term legacy effects of land development, and a relatively short history of riparian restoration in both the Portland and Vancouver regions, may have masked any subtle differences between study areas. An alternative explanation is that both cities exhibited combinations of positive indirect and direct water quality governance that resulted in maintenance of water quality in the face of increased urban growth. These findings suggest that a much longer-term water quality monitoring effort is needed to identify the effectiveness of alternative land development and water governance policies Title: Relationships Between Environmental Governance and Water Quality in a Growing Metropolitan Area of the Pacific Northwest, USA Author: Chang, Heejun, Thiers, Paul R., Netusil, Noelwah R., Yeakley, J. Alan, Rollwagen-Bollens, Gretchen, Bollens, Steve, Singh, Sonia Year: 2014 We investigate relationships between environmental governance and water quality in two adjacent growing metropolitan areas in the western US. While the Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, Washington metro areas share many common biophysical characteristics, they have different land development histories and water governance structures, providing a unique opportunity for examining how differences in governance might affect environmental quality. We conceptualize possible linkages in which water quality influences governance directly, using monitoring efforts as a metric, and indirectly by using the change in the sale price of single-family residential properties. Governance may then influence water quality directly through riparian restoration resulting from monitoring results and indirectly through land use policy.We investigate evidence to substantiate these linkages. Our results showed that changes in monitoring regimes and land development patterns differed in response to differences in growth management policy and environmental governance systems. Our results also showed similarities in environmental quality responses to varying governance systems. For example, we found that sales prices responded positively to improved water quality (e.g., increases in DO and reductions in bacteria counts) in both cities. Furthermore, riparian restoration efforts improved over time for both cities, indicating the positive effect of governance on this land-based resource that may result in improved water quality. However, as of yet, there were no substantial differences across study areas in water temperature over time, despite an expansion of these urban areas of more than 20%over 24 years. The mechanisms by which water quality was maintained was similar in the sense that both cities benefited from riparian restoration, but different in the sense that Portland benefited indirectly from land use policy. A combination of long-term legacy effects of land development, and a relatively short history of riparian restoration in both the Portland and Vancouver regions, may have masked any subtle differences between study areas. An alternative explanation is that both cities exhibited combinations of positive indirect and direct water quality governance that resulted in maintenance of water quality in the face of increased urban growth. These findings suggest that a much longer-term water quality monitoring effort is needed to identify the effectiveness of alternative land development and water governance policies Close

• 51. [Article] Yakutat Tlingit and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve: An Ethnographic Overview and Assessment

  The National Park Service initiated a series of studies, working in collaboration with park-associated Native communities, to provide basic documentation of the nature of Alaska Native ties to Wrangell-St. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Yakutat Tlingit and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve: An Ethnographic Overview and Assessment Author: Deur, Douglas, Thornton, Thomas, Lahoff, Rachel, Hebert, Jamie Year: 2015 The National Park Service initiated a series of studies, working in collaboration with park-associated Native communities, to provide basic documentation of the nature of Alaska Native ties to Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. The current study represents one of a series of baseline reports on Alaska Native ties to the park. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve includes parts of the traditional territories of three general Alaska Native groups—the Upper Tanana and Ahtna Athabascans and the Yakutat Tlingit. Prior to the current effort, the park completed ethnographic overviews and assessments in the upper Tanana and Ahtna regions, which are located in the central and northern parts of the park. However, the southern coastal region of the park, in the traditional lands of the Yakutat Tlingit and Eyak communities of the Gulf of Alaska, had not been the focus of even basic, systematic documentation by the NPS. The Tlingit people have traditionally occupied and used that part of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in the vicinity of Icy Bay and Disenchantment Bay, the Malaspina Glacier and Forelands, and the present day community of Yakutat, but have a deeper history that includes other portions of what is today the park. The absence of even baseline NPS documentation of their ties to lands within the park remained a significant gap. The main product of this research is the summary report that follows, synthesizing prior ethnographic literature and related materials into a narrative that, while meeting academic standards, is meant to be understandable to park managers and the interested public. The document that follows presents basic information regarding Yakutat Tlingit culture and history, specifically focusing on the Kwáashk’ikwáan and GalyáxKaagwaantaan clans, which may be salient to future interpretation and management relating to Wrangell-St. Elias.2 The research was initiated to illuminate the interests of the Yakutat Tlingit, who are the emphasis of this document. Yet, the document also incorporates select material on the Eyak community of Cordova, specifically the Native community of Katalla, at the request of the Yakutat Tlingit Tribal Council—reflecting the longstanding connections between the two communities and of segments of the Eyak community to the region encompassed by this study. Cumulatively, this research has sought to illuminate ties between these communities and lands in the park that may serve as a background reference for tribal and agency staff, alike, as they seek to understand the park’s Alaska Native history and to protect cultural resources of mutual concern. In this light, the investigation has maintained a special emphasis on traditional land and resource use in the Yakutat and Eyak traditional territories—especially as those practices relate to the lands and resources of Wrangell-St. Elias since the time of European contact. Title: Yakutat Tlingit and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve: An Ethnographic Overview and Assessment Author: Deur, Douglas, Thornton, Thomas, Lahoff, Rachel, Hebert, Jamie Year: 2015 The National Park Service initiated a series of studies, working in collaboration with park-associated Native communities, to provide basic documentation of the nature of Alaska Native ties to Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. The current study represents one of a series of baseline reports on Alaska Native ties to the park. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve includes parts of the traditional territories of three general Alaska Native groups—the Upper Tanana and Ahtna Athabascans and the Yakutat Tlingit. Prior to the current effort, the park completed ethnographic overviews and assessments in the upper Tanana and Ahtna regions, which are located in the central and northern parts of the park. However, the southern coastal region of the park, in the traditional lands of the Yakutat Tlingit and Eyak communities of the Gulf of Alaska, had not been the focus of even basic, systematic documentation by the NPS. The Tlingit people have traditionally occupied and used that part of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve in the vicinity of Icy Bay and Disenchantment Bay, the Malaspina Glacier and Forelands, and the present day community of Yakutat, but have a deeper history that includes other portions of what is today the park. The absence of even baseline NPS documentation of their ties to lands within the park remained a significant gap. The main product of this research is the summary report that follows, synthesizing prior ethnographic literature and related materials into a narrative that, while meeting academic standards, is meant to be understandable to park managers and the interested public. The document that follows presents basic information regarding Yakutat Tlingit culture and history, specifically focusing on the Kwáashk’ikwáan and GalyáxKaagwaantaan clans, which may be salient to future interpretation and management relating to Wrangell-St. Elias.2 The research was initiated to illuminate the interests of the Yakutat Tlingit, who are the emphasis of this document. Yet, the document also incorporates select material on the Eyak community of Cordova, specifically the Native community of Katalla, at the request of the Yakutat Tlingit Tribal Council—reflecting the longstanding connections between the two communities and of segments of the Eyak community to the region encompassed by this study. Cumulatively, this research has sought to illuminate ties between these communities and lands in the park that may serve as a background reference for tribal and agency staff, alike, as they seek to understand the park’s Alaska Native history and to protect cultural resources of mutual concern. In this light, the investigation has maintained a special emphasis on traditional land and resource use in the Yakutat and Eyak traditional territories—especially as those practices relate to the lands and resources of Wrangell-St. Elias since the time of European contact. Close

• 52. [Article] Land Use Zoning in America: The Case for Inclusionary Policy

  Residential zoning code has been one of the most powerful forces in shaping the growth of modern American cities. By regulating which types of buildings can go where, zoning code has led to the creation ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Use Zoning in America: The Case for Inclusionary Policy Author: Geffner, Thomas Year: 2017 Residential zoning code has been one of the most powerful forces in shaping the growth of modern American cities. By regulating which types of buildings can go where, zoning code has led to the creation of suburbs as we know them, with row after row of detached single-family homes. Indeed, the American city would look drastically different if it were not for the creation of zoning codes. But how did the institution that is American zoning come to exist? This essay will attempt to answer that question by exploring the early history of zoning, starting in the 1910s. It will also look at the impact of zoning on America’s poorest residents. Has the division of residential zones into mostly large lots with minimum home sizes excluded the poor from the suburbs? The correlation between zoning and economic exclusion has been studied, and a strong connection discovered. Given this, what can be done to remedy the problem? An alternative to current law, inclusionary zoning, has been explored and shows promise for fixing some of the problems that current zoning creates. Title: Land Use Zoning in America: The Case for Inclusionary Policy Author: Geffner, Thomas Year: 2017 Residential zoning code has been one of the most powerful forces in shaping the growth of modern American cities. By regulating which types of buildings can go where, zoning code has led to the creation of suburbs as we know them, with row after row of detached single-family homes. Indeed, the American city would look drastically different if it were not for the creation of zoning codes. But how did the institution that is American zoning come to exist? This essay will attempt to answer that question by exploring the early history of zoning, starting in the 1910s. It will also look at the impact of zoning on America’s poorest residents. Has the division of residential zones into mostly large lots with minimum home sizes excluded the poor from the suburbs? The correlation between zoning and economic exclusion has been studied, and a strong connection discovered. Given this, what can be done to remedy the problem? An alternative to current law, inclusionary zoning, has been explored and shows promise for fixing some of the problems that current zoning creates. Close

• 53. [Article] Toward a Spatial-Temporal Measure of Land-Use Mix

  Urban planning and public-health research has long been interested in the connection between land-use mix and travel. Interest from urban planners stems from the potential of transportation efficiency ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Toward a Spatial-Temporal Measure of Land-Use Mix Author: Gehrke, Steven R., Clifton, Kelly Year: 2015 Urban planning and public-health research has long been interested in the connection between land-use mix and travel. Interest from urban planners stems from the potential of transportation efficiency gains achieved by an increased land-use mix and subsequent shortening of trip lengths; whereas, public-health research advocates an increased land-use mix as an effective policy for facilitating greater physical activity. Yet, despite the transportation, land-use, and health benefits related to improving land-use mix and the extent of topical attention given by researchers, no consensus has been reached regarding the magnitude of its effect on travel. This absence of agreement may largely be attributed to the theoretical and methodological failings persistent in present attempts to accurately reflect land-use interaction and operationalize its quantification within a defined spatial extent. To better evaluate the impact of land-use mix on travel behavior and assess more temporal policies, a robust mix measure accounting for these two elements of land-use interaction and geographic scale as well as a temporal element of land-use mixing—missing from present specifications—must be introduced. This paper establishes the research agenda for a spatial-temporal land-use mix measure by (1) identifying the conceptual and methodological faults inherent to current land-use interaction and geographic-scale representations and (2) describing strategies and practical benefits of representing the temporal availability of land-use mixing in guiding innovative transportation/land-use policies. Title: Toward a Spatial-Temporal Measure of Land-Use Mix Author: Gehrke, Steven R., Clifton, Kelly Year: 2015 Urban planning and public-health research has long been interested in the connection between land-use mix and travel. Interest from urban planners stems from the potential of transportation efficiency gains achieved by an increased land-use mix and subsequent shortening of trip lengths; whereas, public-health research advocates an increased land-use mix as an effective policy for facilitating greater physical activity. Yet, despite the transportation, land-use, and health benefits related to improving land-use mix and the extent of topical attention given by researchers, no consensus has been reached regarding the magnitude of its effect on travel. This absence of agreement may largely be attributed to the theoretical and methodological failings persistent in present attempts to accurately reflect land-use interaction and operationalize its quantification within a defined spatial extent. To better evaluate the impact of land-use mix on travel behavior and assess more temporal policies, a robust mix measure accounting for these two elements of land-use interaction and geographic scale as well as a temporal element of land-use mixing—missing from present specifications—must be introduced. This paper establishes the research agenda for a spatial-temporal land-use mix measure by (1) identifying the conceptual and methodological faults inherent to current land-use interaction and geographic-scale representations and (2) describing strategies and practical benefits of representing the temporal availability of land-use mixing in guiding innovative transportation/land-use policies. Close

• 54. [Article] Seeing the Forest for the Roads: Auto-Tourism and Wilderness Preservation in Mount Hood National Forest, 1913-64

  Between 1913 and 1964, automobile roads appeared throughout the Cascade Mountains around Mount Hood, just east of Portland, Oregon. From elaborate scenic highways to primitive dirt trails, each had its ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Seeing the Forest for the Roads: Auto-Tourism and Wilderness Preservation in Mount Hood National Forest, 1913-64 Author: Rose, Taylor Elliott Year: 2016 Between 1913 and 1964, automobile roads appeared throughout the Cascade Mountains around Mount Hood, just east of Portland, Oregon. From elaborate scenic highways to primitive dirt trails, each had its own story. Many of them are gone today, decommissioned and decomposing with the rotting understory soil of the forest. However, some remain as the most utilized spaces in Mount Hood National Forest, one of the most popular public land units for recreation in the country, owned and managed by the United States Forest Service. "Seeing the Forest for the Roads" uncovers the history of why roads were built, who planned them, and how they were used. At the same time, it seeks to answer the question, how do roads shape the way that people view wild nature? As places that are simultaneously easily accessible and "untrammeled," wilderness has much to do with roads. But it has even more to do with the people that envisioned, constructed, and used the roads. The story that follows is divided into four sections, from the Progressive Era, through the Roaring Twenties, New Deal years, and into the mid-twentieth century. It concludes with the Wilderness Act of 1964, a profound, important statement about the relationship between technology, nature, and human beings, which singled out roads as the most visible, damaging threat to the existence of wilderness as modern Americans know it. I argue that in order to understand wilderness as both a legal term and a social construct, scholars must look at the roads themselves, particularly from a local, on-the-ground perspective. In the end, what results is a more nuanced understanding of the twentieth-century history of technology and nature, as well as the social, cultural, and intellectual context that produced both sides of the same coin in wilderness. Title: Seeing the Forest for the Roads: Auto-Tourism and Wilderness Preservation in Mount Hood National Forest, 1913-64 Author: Rose, Taylor Elliott Year: 2016 Between 1913 and 1964, automobile roads appeared throughout the Cascade Mountains around Mount Hood, just east of Portland, Oregon. From elaborate scenic highways to primitive dirt trails, each had its own story. Many of them are gone today, decommissioned and decomposing with the rotting understory soil of the forest. However, some remain as the most utilized spaces in Mount Hood National Forest, one of the most popular public land units for recreation in the country, owned and managed by the United States Forest Service. "Seeing the Forest for the Roads" uncovers the history of why roads were built, who planned them, and how they were used. At the same time, it seeks to answer the question, how do roads shape the way that people view wild nature? As places that are simultaneously easily accessible and "untrammeled," wilderness has much to do with roads. But it has even more to do with the people that envisioned, constructed, and used the roads. The story that follows is divided into four sections, from the Progressive Era, through the Roaring Twenties, New Deal years, and into the mid-twentieth century. It concludes with the Wilderness Act of 1964, a profound, important statement about the relationship between technology, nature, and human beings, which singled out roads as the most visible, damaging threat to the existence of wilderness as modern Americans know it. I argue that in order to understand wilderness as both a legal term and a social construct, scholars must look at the roads themselves, particularly from a local, on-the-ground perspective. In the end, what results is a more nuanced understanding of the twentieth-century history of technology and nature, as well as the social, cultural, and intellectual context that produced both sides of the same coin in wilderness. Close

• 55. [Article] Culturally Responsive Diabetes Interventions within the Context of American Indian and Alaska Native Health

  This inquiry examined culturally responsive diabetes interventions within the context of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) health. The role of history, culture, and resilience in shaping these ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Culturally Responsive Diabetes Interventions within the Context of American Indian and Alaska Native Health Author: Freeman, Leilani J. Year: 2017 This inquiry examined culturally responsive diabetes interventions within the context of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) health. The role of history, culture, and resilience in shaping these approaches was determined. Additionally, past instances of abuse from healthcare workers and researchers highlighted the need for culturally competent education. A combination of a literature review and ethnography from events hosted by the local Portland, Oregon AI/AN community helped to address these questions and concerns. This study found that identifying determinants of health using Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is the most effective. The health disparities experienced by AI/AN peoples today are predominantly due to a history of forced removal, genocidal tactics, and detrimental environmental policies. The main elements of a diabetes intervention that takes this history into account includes, connection to culture and the land, education on historical/ intergenerational trauma, and focusing on resilience and tribal sovereignty. The use of traditional foods, community gardens, and holistic fitness programs are some examples of strategies being used to treat diabetes by AI/AN peoples today. Future research should examine how the experiences of Indigenous peoples can better guide those in the field of public health working to achieve health equity for all. Title: Culturally Responsive Diabetes Interventions within the Context of American Indian and Alaska Native Health Author: Freeman, Leilani J. Year: 2017 This inquiry examined culturally responsive diabetes interventions within the context of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) health. The role of history, culture, and resilience in shaping these approaches was determined. Additionally, past instances of abuse from healthcare workers and researchers highlighted the need for culturally competent education. A combination of a literature review and ethnography from events hosted by the local Portland, Oregon AI/AN community helped to address these questions and concerns. This study found that identifying determinants of health using Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is the most effective. The health disparities experienced by AI/AN peoples today are predominantly due to a history of forced removal, genocidal tactics, and detrimental environmental policies. The main elements of a diabetes intervention that takes this history into account includes, connection to culture and the land, education on historical/ intergenerational trauma, and focusing on resilience and tribal sovereignty. The use of traditional foods, community gardens, and holistic fitness programs are some examples of strategies being used to treat diabetes by AI/AN peoples today. Future research should examine how the experiences of Indigenous peoples can better guide those in the field of public health working to achieve health equity for all. Close

• 56. [Article] Continuous Data Integration for Land Use and Transportation Planning and Modeling

  There is an urgent need for improved models that address the interdependencies between land use and transportation, and considerable new work is underway to develop such models in Oregon and elsewhere. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Continuous Data Integration for Land Use and Transportation Planning and Modeling Author: Wang, Liming, Kim, Kihong Year: 2014 There is an urgent need for improved models that address the interdependencies between land use and transportation, and considerable new work is underway to develop such models in Oregon and elsewhere. These models and planning practices to integrate land use into the process, however, require the integration of massive amounts of land use data that is messy and incomplete. There have been considerable advances in the treatment of such data problems in other domains, drawing on data mining and machine-learning techniques to address issues in various domains. To date, however, little systematic effort has applied these technological advances to the problem domain of land use and transportation data. Experience suggests that as much as 70% of the total effort in developing integrated land use and transportation models is directly or indirectly associated with data development, integration and cleaning, yet there is remarkably little systematic research focused on the development of reusable methods and tools to support this problem domain. In coordination with an ongoing project of similar theme funded by University of California Transportation Center (UCTC), this project will focus on bringing interdisciplinary methods to develop land use datasets for integrated land use and transportation planning and modeling, with special attention on preserving temporal dimension of the data and monitoring data quality through indicators. Utilizing statistics and machine-learning techniques, we will develop reusable tools that will create a harmonized and coherent land use database from various public and private sources. These tools will be made available to the public and can be used by cities, counties, metropolitan planning agencies, state agencies, universities or anyone else needing to develop a usable database for use in integrated planning and modeling. All of the resulting data, with the exception of proprietary or confidential input data where there is no viable alternative, would be public and reusable for planning and research. Title: Continuous Data Integration for Land Use and Transportation Planning and Modeling Author: Wang, Liming, Kim, Kihong Year: 2014 There is an urgent need for improved models that address the interdependencies between land use and transportation, and considerable new work is underway to develop such models in Oregon and elsewhere. These models and planning practices to integrate land use into the process, however, require the integration of massive amounts of land use data that is messy and incomplete. There have been considerable advances in the treatment of such data problems in other domains, drawing on data mining and machine-learning techniques to address issues in various domains. To date, however, little systematic effort has applied these technological advances to the problem domain of land use and transportation data. Experience suggests that as much as 70% of the total effort in developing integrated land use and transportation models is directly or indirectly associated with data development, integration and cleaning, yet there is remarkably little systematic research focused on the development of reusable methods and tools to support this problem domain. In coordination with an ongoing project of similar theme funded by University of California Transportation Center (UCTC), this project will focus on bringing interdisciplinary methods to develop land use datasets for integrated land use and transportation planning and modeling, with special attention on preserving temporal dimension of the data and monitoring data quality through indicators. Utilizing statistics and machine-learning techniques, we will develop reusable tools that will create a harmonized and coherent land use database from various public and private sources. These tools will be made available to the public and can be used by cities, counties, metropolitan planning agencies, state agencies, universities or anyone else needing to develop a usable database for use in integrated planning and modeling. All of the resulting data, with the exception of proprietary or confidential input data where there is no viable alternative, would be public and reusable for planning and research. Close

• 57. [Article] An Activity-Related Land Use Mix Construct and its Connection to Pedestrian Travel

  Integrating a diverse set of land use types within a neighborhood is a central tenet of smart growth policy. Over a generation of urban planning research has heralded the transportation, land use, and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Activity-Related Land Use Mix Construct and its Connection to Pedestrian Travel Author: Gehrke, Steven R., Clifton, Kelly J. Year: 2017 Integrating a diverse set of land use types within a neighborhood is a central tenet of smart growth policy. Over a generation of urban planning research has heralded the transportation, land use, and public health benefits arising from a balanced supply of local land uses, including the improved feasibility for pedestrian travel. However, land use mixing has largely remained a transportation-land use planning goal without a conceptually valid set of environmental indicators quantifying this multifaceted spatial phenomenon. In this study, we incorporated activity-based transportation planning and landscape ecology theory within a confirmatory factor analysis framework to introduce a land use mix construct indicative of the paired landscape pattern aspects of composition and configuration. We found that our activity-related land use mix measure, and not the commonly adopted entropy-based index, predicted walk mode choice and home-based walk trip frequency when operationalized at three geographic scales. Title: An Activity-Related Land Use Mix Construct and its Connection to Pedestrian Travel Author: Gehrke, Steven R., Clifton, Kelly J. Year: 2017 Integrating a diverse set of land use types within a neighborhood is a central tenet of smart growth policy. Over a generation of urban planning research has heralded the transportation, land use, and public health benefits arising from a balanced supply of local land uses, including the improved feasibility for pedestrian travel. However, land use mixing has largely remained a transportation-land use planning goal without a conceptually valid set of environmental indicators quantifying this multifaceted spatial phenomenon. In this study, we incorporated activity-based transportation planning and landscape ecology theory within a confirmatory factor analysis framework to introduce a land use mix construct indicative of the paired landscape pattern aspects of composition and configuration. We found that our activity-related land use mix measure, and not the commonly adopted entropy-based index, predicted walk mode choice and home-based walk trip frequency when operationalized at three geographic scales. Close

• 58. [Article] Household Water Demand and Land Use Context: A Multilevel Approach

  Urban water use arises from a mix of scale-dependent biophysical and socioeconomic factors. In Portland, Oregon, single-family residential water use exhibits a tightly coupled relationship with summertime ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Household Water Demand and Land Use Context: A Multilevel Approach Author: Breyer, Elizabeth Yancey Year: 2014 Urban water use arises from a mix of scale-dependent biophysical and socioeconomic factors. In Portland, Oregon, single-family residential water use exhibits a tightly coupled relationship with summertime weather, although this relationship varies with land use patterns across households and neighborhoods. This thesis developed a multilevel regression model to evaluate the relative importance of weather variability, parcel land use characteristics, and neighborhood geographic context in explaining single-family residential water demand patterns in the Portland metropolitan area. The model drew on a high-resolution panel dataset of weekly mean summer water use over five years (2001-2005) for a sample of 460 single-family households spanning an urban-to-suburban gradient. Water use was found to be most elastic with respect to parcel-scale building size. Building age was negatively related to water use at both the parcel and neighborhood scale. Half the variation in water use can be attributed to between-household factors. Between-neighborhood variation exerted a modest but statistically significant effect. The analysis decomposed household temperature sensitivity into four components: a fixed effect common to all households, a household-specific deviation from the fixed effect, a separate extreme heat effect, and a land use effect, where lot size exaggerated the effect of temperature on water use. Results suggested that land use planning may be an effective non-price mechanism for long-range management of peak demand, as land use decisions have water use implications. The combined effects of population growth, urbanization, and climate change expose water providers to risk of water stress. Modeling fine-grain relationships among heat, land use, and water use across scales plays a role in long-range climate change planning and adaptation. Title: Household Water Demand and Land Use Context: A Multilevel Approach Author: Breyer, Elizabeth Yancey Year: 2014 Urban water use arises from a mix of scale-dependent biophysical and socioeconomic factors. In Portland, Oregon, single-family residential water use exhibits a tightly coupled relationship with summertime weather, although this relationship varies with land use patterns across households and neighborhoods. This thesis developed a multilevel regression model to evaluate the relative importance of weather variability, parcel land use characteristics, and neighborhood geographic context in explaining single-family residential water demand patterns in the Portland metropolitan area. The model drew on a high-resolution panel dataset of weekly mean summer water use over five years (2001-2005) for a sample of 460 single-family households spanning an urban-to-suburban gradient. Water use was found to be most elastic with respect to parcel-scale building size. Building age was negatively related to water use at both the parcel and neighborhood scale. Half the variation in water use can be attributed to between-household factors. Between-neighborhood variation exerted a modest but statistically significant effect. The analysis decomposed household temperature sensitivity into four components: a fixed effect common to all households, a household-specific deviation from the fixed effect, a separate extreme heat effect, and a land use effect, where lot size exaggerated the effect of temperature on water use. Results suggested that land use planning may be an effective non-price mechanism for long-range management of peak demand, as land use decisions have water use implications. The combined effects of population growth, urbanization, and climate change expose water providers to risk of water stress. Modeling fine-grain relationships among heat, land use, and water use across scales plays a role in long-range climate change planning and adaptation. Close

• 59. [Article] Webinar: Land Use Mix and Pedestrian Travel Behavior: Advancements in Conceptualization and Measurement

  Smart growth policies have often emphasized the importance of land use mix as an intervention beholding of lasting urban planning and public health benefits. Past transportation-land use research has identified ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Webinar: Land Use Mix and Pedestrian Travel Behavior: Advancements in Conceptualization and Measurement Author: Gehrke, Steven R. Year: 2017 Smart growth policies have often emphasized the importance of land use mix as an intervention beholding of lasting urban planning and public health benefits. Past transportation-land use research has identified potential efficiency gains achieved by mixed-use neighborhoods and the subsequent shortening of trip lengths; whereas, public health research has accredited increased land use mixing as an effective policy for facilitating greater physical activity. However, despite the celebrated transportation, land use, and health benefits of improved land use mixing and the extent of topical attention, no consensus has been reached regarding the conceptualization and measurement of this key smart growth principle or the magnitude of its link to walking. This research, comprising three empirical studies, explores this topic in detail. This webinar will provide attendees with greater specificity in the measurement of land use mix and its connection to pedestrian travel behavior. Title: Webinar: Land Use Mix and Pedestrian Travel Behavior: Advancements in Conceptualization and Measurement Author: Gehrke, Steven R. Year: 2017 Smart growth policies have often emphasized the importance of land use mix as an intervention beholding of lasting urban planning and public health benefits. Past transportation-land use research has identified potential efficiency gains achieved by mixed-use neighborhoods and the subsequent shortening of trip lengths; whereas, public health research has accredited increased land use mixing as an effective policy for facilitating greater physical activity. However, despite the celebrated transportation, land use, and health benefits of improved land use mixing and the extent of topical attention, no consensus has been reached regarding the conceptualization and measurement of this key smart growth principle or the magnitude of its link to walking. This research, comprising three empirical studies, explores this topic in detail. This webinar will provide attendees with greater specificity in the measurement of land use mix and its connection to pedestrian travel behavior. Close

• 60. [Article] Fire-Vegetation Feedbacks and Alternative States: Common Mechanisms of Temperate Forest Vulnerability to Fire in Southern South America and New Zealand

  In the context of global warming and increasing impacts of invasive plants and animals, we examine how positive fire–vegetation feedbacks are increasing the vulnerability of pyrophobic temperate forests ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fire-Vegetation Feedbacks and Alternative States: Common Mechanisms of Temperate Forest Vulnerability to Fire in Southern South America and New Zealand Author: Kitzberger, T, Perry, G. L.W., Paritsis, J., Gowda, J. H. Year: 2016 In the context of global warming and increasing impacts of invasive plants and animals, we examine how positive fire–vegetation feedbacks are increasing the vulnerability of pyrophobic temperate forests to conversion to pyrophytic non-forest vegetation in southern South America and New Zealand. We extensively review the relevant literature to reveal how these temperate southern hemisphere floras have generated similar positive fire–vegetation feedback mechanisms resulting in increased vulnerability to anthropogenically altered fire regimens. For the two regions, we address the following questions. 1. What are the major plant species, physiognomic types and functional types characteristic of pyrophytic versus pyrophobic vegetation types and how do their traits affect flammability, resistance to fire and recovery after fire? 2. What are the roles of herbivory and microclimate in enhancing fire–vegetation feedbacks? 3. Are there similarities in trends of cover type transitions in relation to altered fire regimens? 4. How are climate change, land-use trends and the effects of introduced plants and animals affecting the vulnerability of these ecosystems to fire-induced transitions to alternative stable states? Most temperate forests of New Zealand and southern South America evolved under conditions of low fire frequencies so few taxa became adapted to recurrent fire. Current dichotomous landscapes consisting of juxtaposed pyrophobic and pyrophytic vegetation types are the outcome of the expansion of fire-resilient and fire-promoting species associated with the arrival of humans. Despite considerable differences in human history and biogeographic history, the case studies presented here show remarkable parallels in life-history traits of the key pyrophobic taxa, fire–vegetation feedback mechanisms, overall ecosystem responses to anthropogenic alteration of fire regimens, and likely vulnerability to expected global change influences on future fire regimens. Title: Fire-Vegetation Feedbacks and Alternative States: Common Mechanisms of Temperate Forest Vulnerability to Fire in Southern South America and New Zealand Author: Kitzberger, T, Perry, G. L.W., Paritsis, J., Gowda, J. H. Year: 2016 In the context of global warming and increasing impacts of invasive plants and animals, we examine how positive fire–vegetation feedbacks are increasing the vulnerability of pyrophobic temperate forests to conversion to pyrophytic non-forest vegetation in southern South America and New Zealand. We extensively review the relevant literature to reveal how these temperate southern hemisphere floras have generated similar positive fire–vegetation feedback mechanisms resulting in increased vulnerability to anthropogenically altered fire regimens. For the two regions, we address the following questions. 1. What are the major plant species, physiognomic types and functional types characteristic of pyrophytic versus pyrophobic vegetation types and how do their traits affect flammability, resistance to fire and recovery after fire? 2. What are the roles of herbivory and microclimate in enhancing fire–vegetation feedbacks? 3. Are there similarities in trends of cover type transitions in relation to altered fire regimens? 4. How are climate change, land-use trends and the effects of introduced plants and animals affecting the vulnerability of these ecosystems to fire-induced transitions to alternative stable states? Most temperate forests of New Zealand and southern South America evolved under conditions of low fire frequencies so few taxa became adapted to recurrent fire. Current dichotomous landscapes consisting of juxtaposed pyrophobic and pyrophytic vegetation types are the outcome of the expansion of fire-resilient and fire-promoting species associated with the arrival of humans. Despite considerable differences in human history and biogeographic history, the case studies presented here show remarkable parallels in life-history traits of the key pyrophobic taxa, fire–vegetation feedback mechanisms, overall ecosystem responses to anthropogenic alteration of fire regimens, and likely vulnerability to expected global change influences on future fire regimens. Close

• 61. [Article] Stephen Langton, the Chanter Circle, and the Semiotics of Violence in a Crusading Culture

  The influence of Peter the Chanter's (d. 1197) pedagogy and moral theology on the development of the faculty of theology at the University of Paris is being increasingly well documented. Much work remains ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stephen Langton, the Chanter Circle, and the Semiotics of Violence in a Crusading Culture Author: Thornebrooke, Andrew Year: 2016 The influence of Peter the Chanter's (d. 1197) pedagogy and moral theology on the development of the faculty of theology at the University of Paris is being increasingly well documented. Much work remains to be done, however, in developing our understanding of how the teachings of the Parisian master influenced the theological views of one of his most politically active disciples, Stephen Langton (c. 1150-1228). This research offers an intensive semiotic analysis of violent imagery and allusions to the Holy Land within the sermons of Langton, found in BnF Lat. MSS 14470 and 14593, as well as the decrees and correspondence of Pope Innocent III (Lotario dei Conti di Segni, c. 1160-1216), Robert de Courçon (c.1160-1219), and Jacques de Vitry (c. 1170-1240). The goal of this research is to present a more nuanced understanding of how the moral theology of the Chanter circle helped to shape the sermonic rhetoric of the early thirteenth century. Special emphasis is given to understanding how the use of violent metaphor in Langton's sermons would have been interpreted within the social context of the Albigensian Crusade, and to understanding Langton's role within a broader intellectual lineage of crusade sermons, serving as a much needed precursor to the crusade sermons of Jacques de Vitry during the Fifth Crusade. Title: Stephen Langton, the Chanter Circle, and the Semiotics of Violence in a Crusading Culture Author: Thornebrooke, Andrew Year: 2016 The influence of Peter the Chanter's (d. 1197) pedagogy and moral theology on the development of the faculty of theology at the University of Paris is being increasingly well documented. Much work remains to be done, however, in developing our understanding of how the teachings of the Parisian master influenced the theological views of one of his most politically active disciples, Stephen Langton (c. 1150-1228). This research offers an intensive semiotic analysis of violent imagery and allusions to the Holy Land within the sermons of Langton, found in BnF Lat. MSS 14470 and 14593, as well as the decrees and correspondence of Pope Innocent III (Lotario dei Conti di Segni, c. 1160-1216), Robert de Courçon (c.1160-1219), and Jacques de Vitry (c. 1170-1240). The goal of this research is to present a more nuanced understanding of how the moral theology of the Chanter circle helped to shape the sermonic rhetoric of the early thirteenth century. Special emphasis is given to understanding how the use of violent metaphor in Langton's sermons would have been interpreted within the social context of the Albigensian Crusade, and to understanding Langton's role within a broader intellectual lineage of crusade sermons, serving as a much needed precursor to the crusade sermons of Jacques de Vitry during the Fifth Crusade. Close

• 62. [Article] Following the Money from Investments to Outcomes

  While it’s accepted that mixed-use development promotes active travel, researchers don’t have a consensus on exactly how land use determines people’s travel patterns. The research examined: The relationship ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Following the Money from Investments to Outcomes Author: Zako, Robert, Lewis, Rebecca Year: 2017 While it’s accepted that mixed-use development promotes active travel, researchers don’t have a consensus on exactly how land use determines people’s travel patterns. The research examined: The relationship between pedestrian travel and land use mix; The impact of land use mix on pedestrian travel; How operationalizing land use mix influences individual travel behavior This work contributes theoretical and empirical tools for research and practice in transportation and land use planning. Title: Following the Money from Investments to Outcomes Author: Zako, Robert, Lewis, Rebecca Year: 2017 While it’s accepted that mixed-use development promotes active travel, researchers don’t have a consensus on exactly how land use determines people’s travel patterns. The research examined: The relationship between pedestrian travel and land use mix; The impact of land use mix on pedestrian travel; How operationalizing land use mix influences individual travel behavior This work contributes theoretical and empirical tools for research and practice in transportation and land use planning. Close

• 63. [Article] Questions of Citizenship: <i>Oregonian</i> Reactions to Japanese Immigrants' Quest for Naturalization Rights in the United States, 1894-1952

  This study examines the discrimination against Japanese immigrants in U.S. naturalization law up to 1952 and how it was covered in the Oregonian newspaper, one of the oldest and most widely read newspapers ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Questions of Citizenship: <i>Oregonian</i> Reactions to Japanese Immigrants' Quest for Naturalization Rights in the United States, 1894-1952 Author: Jessie, Alison Leigh Year: 2015 This study examines the discrimination against Japanese immigrants in U.S. naturalization law up to 1952 and how it was covered in the Oregonian newspaper, one of the oldest and most widely read newspapers on the West Coast. The anti-Japanese movement was much larger in California, but this paper focuses on the attitudes in Oregon, which at times echoed sentiments in California but at other times conveyed support for Japanese naturalization. Naturalization laws at the turn of the century were vague, leaving the task of defining who was white, and thus eligible for naturalization, to the courts. Japanese applicants were often denied, but until the federal government clarified which immigrants could or could not become citizens, the subject remained open to debate. "Ineligibility to naturalization" was often used as a code for "Japanese" in discriminatory land use laws and similar legislation at the state level in California and in other western states. This study highlights several factors which influenced Oregonian editorials on the subject. First, the fear of offending Japan and provoking war with that empire was a foremost concern of Oregonian editors. California's moves to use naturalization law to prevent Japanese immigrants from owning land were seen as dangerous because they damaged relations with Japan and could lead to war. The Oregonian went so far as to recommend Japanese naturalization during the First World War. However, war and foreign relations were federal issues, thus the second theme seen throughout Oregonian editorials was deference to federal authority on questions related to naturalization. While suggesting that naturalization for existing immigrants might be good policy, the Oregonian urged the federal government to settle the matter. Once the Supreme Court ruled against Asian naturalization in 1922 and 1923, the Oregonian dropped its push for such rights. Nativism was another theme that influenced opinions at this time, and before 1923 the Oregonian generally opposed extreme nativist positions, while at the same time advocating for limits to Japanese immigration and against mixed marriages. This paper does not deal with the incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II because naturalization was not the issue for the anti-exclusion movement at the time. Citizenship did not give the Nisei, second generation Japanese American citizens, any protection against their wartime removal from the West Coast. This study returns to the issue of naturalization for Japanese immigrants after the war, as a number of Issei, first generation Japanese immigrants, still lived in the United States but were denied citizenship, even though most had been in the country for decades at that point. There was less opposition to Japanese naturalization after the war due to the noted loyalty of the Japanese during the war, the focus on human rights as an issue promoted by the new United Nations, and Cold War politics which demanded better relations with Japan and thus fairer treatment of Japanese living in the United States. The Oregonian editorials reflected the shift in public opinion throughout the country in favor of lifting the racial bar to citizenship. Japanese Americans in Oregon were active in the campaign to change U.S. naturalization law. The issue was more important to the Japanese American community than it was to the Oregonian editorial board by then, as other Cold War events took precedence on the front and op-ed pages of the newspaper. Title: Questions of Citizenship: <i>Oregonian</i> Reactions to Japanese Immigrants' Quest for Naturalization Rights in the United States, 1894-1952 Author: Jessie, Alison Leigh Year: 2015 This study examines the discrimination against Japanese immigrants in U.S. naturalization law up to 1952 and how it was covered in the Oregonian newspaper, one of the oldest and most widely read newspapers on the West Coast. The anti-Japanese movement was much larger in California, but this paper focuses on the attitudes in Oregon, which at times echoed sentiments in California but at other times conveyed support for Japanese naturalization. Naturalization laws at the turn of the century were vague, leaving the task of defining who was white, and thus eligible for naturalization, to the courts. Japanese applicants were often denied, but until the federal government clarified which immigrants could or could not become citizens, the subject remained open to debate. "Ineligibility to naturalization" was often used as a code for "Japanese" in discriminatory land use laws and similar legislation at the state level in California and in other western states. This study highlights several factors which influenced Oregonian editorials on the subject. First, the fear of offending Japan and provoking war with that empire was a foremost concern of Oregonian editors. California's moves to use naturalization law to prevent Japanese immigrants from owning land were seen as dangerous because they damaged relations with Japan and could lead to war. The Oregonian went so far as to recommend Japanese naturalization during the First World War. However, war and foreign relations were federal issues, thus the second theme seen throughout Oregonian editorials was deference to federal authority on questions related to naturalization. While suggesting that naturalization for existing immigrants might be good policy, the Oregonian urged the federal government to settle the matter. Once the Supreme Court ruled against Asian naturalization in 1922 and 1923, the Oregonian dropped its push for such rights. Nativism was another theme that influenced opinions at this time, and before 1923 the Oregonian generally opposed extreme nativist positions, while at the same time advocating for limits to Japanese immigration and against mixed marriages. This paper does not deal with the incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II because naturalization was not the issue for the anti-exclusion movement at the time. Citizenship did not give the Nisei, second generation Japanese American citizens, any protection against their wartime removal from the West Coast. This study returns to the issue of naturalization for Japanese immigrants after the war, as a number of Issei, first generation Japanese immigrants, still lived in the United States but were denied citizenship, even though most had been in the country for decades at that point. There was less opposition to Japanese naturalization after the war due to the noted loyalty of the Japanese during the war, the focus on human rights as an issue promoted by the new United Nations, and Cold War politics which demanded better relations with Japan and thus fairer treatment of Japanese living in the United States. The Oregonian editorials reflected the shift in public opinion throughout the country in favor of lifting the racial bar to citizenship. Japanese Americans in Oregon were active in the campaign to change U.S. naturalization law. The issue was more important to the Japanese American community than it was to the Oregonian editorial board by then, as other Cold War events took precedence on the front and op-ed pages of the newspaper. Close

• 64. [Article] An Activity-related Land Use Mix Construct and Its Connection to Pedestrian Travel

  Land use mix is a central smart growth principle connected to active transportation. This presentation describes the indicators of local land use mixing and their association with pedestrian travel in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Activity-related Land Use Mix Construct and Its Connection to Pedestrian Travel Author: Gehrke, Steven R. Year: 2016 Land use mix is a central smart growth principle connected to active transportation. This presentation describes the indicators of local land use mixing and their association with pedestrian travel in Oregon’s Willamette River Valley. It argues that land use mix is a multidimensional construct reflected by the complementarity, composition, and configuration of land use types, which is positively linked to walk mode choice and home-based trip frequency. Findings from this study underline the conceptual and empirical benefit of analyzing this transportation-land use interaction with a landscape pattern measure of activity-related composition and spatial configuration. The presentation for this seminar was done jointly with Kristin Curran. It may be accessed at http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/18237. Title: An Activity-related Land Use Mix Construct and Its Connection to Pedestrian Travel Author: Gehrke, Steven R. Year: 2016 Land use mix is a central smart growth principle connected to active transportation. This presentation describes the indicators of local land use mixing and their association with pedestrian travel in Oregon’s Willamette River Valley. It argues that land use mix is a multidimensional construct reflected by the complementarity, composition, and configuration of land use types, which is positively linked to walk mode choice and home-based trip frequency. Findings from this study underline the conceptual and empirical benefit of analyzing this transportation-land use interaction with a landscape pattern measure of activity-related composition and spatial configuration. The presentation for this seminar was done jointly with Kristin Curran. It may be accessed at http://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/18237. Close

• 65. [Article] Effects of Selective Logging and Roads on Instream Fine Sediments and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in the Clackamas Basin, Oregon

  Logging and associated skid trails, haul routes, and roads can have significant impacts on the magnitude and timing of sediments in streams in forested watersheds. Loss of vegetation, soil compaction, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Effects of Selective Logging and Roads on Instream Fine Sediments and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in the Clackamas Basin, Oregon Author: Hood, Paula Elizabeth Year: 2015 Logging and associated skid trails, haul routes, and roads can have significant impacts on the magnitude and timing of sediments in streams in forested watersheds. Loss of vegetation, soil compaction, use of heavy logging equipment, and alteration of natural hydrologic patterns within the watershed can increase landslide rates, create erosion, and generate fine sediments. Selective logging, also called thinning, is a logging practice that leaves some trees within sale units unharvested. The ecological impacts of thinning on stream ecosystems are not fully understood and need further study. My hypothesis was that macroinvertebrate assemblages would be different in streams in non-reference areas that contain recent selective logging compared to streams in reference areas, and in downstream vs. upstream of selective logging units. I also hypothesized that selective logging and high road densities would be associated with increased instream fine sediments. I sampled water quality parameters and macroinvertebrates in three managed and three reference streams in the Clackamas River Basin during the field season of 2013. Turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), suspended sediment concentrations (SSC), and flow were sampled at each stream on four occasions during spring through early fall. Macroinvertebrates were sampled once in late summer or early fall. EPA rapid habitat assessments, canopy cover, pebble counts, embeddedness, and slope were also determined. Water quality parameters and macroinvertebrate indices in reference and non-reference sites were compared using t-tests, Welch's tests, or rank based equivalents. Macroinvertebrate assemblage patterns and associated environmental variables were characterized using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination plots and envfit overlays. Macroinvertebrates had higher abundance and taxa richness in non-reference streams, and indices suggested poorer water quality in non-reference streams. Non-reference streams had a lower percentage of shredders and a higher portion of gatherer-collectors. Associations between land use, fine sediments, and changes in macroinvertebrate metrics and community assemblages were apparent at the reference vs. non-reference scale. It is likely that macroinvertebrates are responding, at least in part, to past logging and high road densities in non-reference streams. Fewer indications were found that recent logging may be affecting water quality and macroinvertebrates. Pearson's correlation coefficients show that the percent of recent logging upstream of study sites was correlated with several measures of fine sediments, suggesting that recent land use may be affecting sediment levels at the subwatershed scale. Stream temperatures increased from upstream to downstream in non-reference sites. Though no continual stream temperature data were collected in this study, the history of continuing temperature standard exceedances in the area suggest that further investigation of how selective logging may be affecting stream temperature and other water quality parameters in the Clackamas Basin is warranted. No other differences in water quality parameters were found from upstream to downstream, possibly because water quality was sufficiently protected, or because signals from land use impacts may be obscured by a several factors, including upstream confounding factors such as roads and past logging, and natural variability. Title: Effects of Selective Logging and Roads on Instream Fine Sediments and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in the Clackamas Basin, Oregon Author: Hood, Paula Elizabeth Year: 2015 Logging and associated skid trails, haul routes, and roads can have significant impacts on the magnitude and timing of sediments in streams in forested watersheds. Loss of vegetation, soil compaction, use of heavy logging equipment, and alteration of natural hydrologic patterns within the watershed can increase landslide rates, create erosion, and generate fine sediments. Selective logging, also called thinning, is a logging practice that leaves some trees within sale units unharvested. The ecological impacts of thinning on stream ecosystems are not fully understood and need further study. My hypothesis was that macroinvertebrate assemblages would be different in streams in non-reference areas that contain recent selective logging compared to streams in reference areas, and in downstream vs. upstream of selective logging units. I also hypothesized that selective logging and high road densities would be associated with increased instream fine sediments. I sampled water quality parameters and macroinvertebrates in three managed and three reference streams in the Clackamas River Basin during the field season of 2013. Turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), suspended sediment concentrations (SSC), and flow were sampled at each stream on four occasions during spring through early fall. Macroinvertebrates were sampled once in late summer or early fall. EPA rapid habitat assessments, canopy cover, pebble counts, embeddedness, and slope were also determined. Water quality parameters and macroinvertebrate indices in reference and non-reference sites were compared using t-tests, Welch's tests, or rank based equivalents. Macroinvertebrate assemblage patterns and associated environmental variables were characterized using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination plots and envfit overlays. Macroinvertebrates had higher abundance and taxa richness in non-reference streams, and indices suggested poorer water quality in non-reference streams. Non-reference streams had a lower percentage of shredders and a higher portion of gatherer-collectors. Associations between land use, fine sediments, and changes in macroinvertebrate metrics and community assemblages were apparent at the reference vs. non-reference scale. It is likely that macroinvertebrates are responding, at least in part, to past logging and high road densities in non-reference streams. Fewer indications were found that recent logging may be affecting water quality and macroinvertebrates. Pearson's correlation coefficients show that the percent of recent logging upstream of study sites was correlated with several measures of fine sediments, suggesting that recent land use may be affecting sediment levels at the subwatershed scale. Stream temperatures increased from upstream to downstream in non-reference sites. Though no continual stream temperature data were collected in this study, the history of continuing temperature standard exceedances in the area suggest that further investigation of how selective logging may be affecting stream temperature and other water quality parameters in the Clackamas Basin is warranted. No other differences in water quality parameters were found from upstream to downstream, possibly because water quality was sufficiently protected, or because signals from land use impacts may be obscured by a several factors, including upstream confounding factors such as roads and past logging, and natural variability. Close

• 66. [Article] Making South Downtown Portland

  Principals that guided the project: (1) Create connection between existing activity centers. Education: Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon Museum of Science and Industry, and Portland State University ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Making South Downtown Portland Author: Queiroz, Artur, Gilden, Beth, Martins, Flávia, Six, Hannah, Todoroff, John, Davis, Linn, Schafaschek, Maria, Silveira, Nely, Batista, Sayonara, Sanccao, Taissa Year: 2015 Principals that guided the project: (1) Create connection between existing activity centers. Education: Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon Museum of Science and Industry, and Portland State University Parks: Halpern Sequence, Park Blocks, and Waterfront Transit centers: Orange Line, Yellow Line, Streetcar and Bus Connection (2) Add to multi-use nature of area to provide a 24 hr neighborhood environment. Additional residential Development - catering to late night and residence not just office crowd. (3) Improve pedestrian experience: Increase safety by making traffic changes, add wayfinding and dampen freeway noise. (4) Design for a diversity of ages (5) Activate existing/underutilized "dead" or "lost" spaces. Create a "reason for being" for underutilized or underdeveloped land (6) Add and preserve natural features for both beauty and function: tie green elements in the city into park blocks and waterfront park to create cohesion between places; use natural features to deal with stormwater, traffic nuisances (speed/noise); preserve views of Mt. Hood and River; and provide a gathering place. (7) Create new centers of activity at key points where transit or uses intersect (8) Follow/preserve current social and cultural uses in the areas: farmers markets and food trucks (9) Add design features that reflect social uses, and cultural history: public art (10) Accentuate neighboring assets: PSU university life and historic Halprin Sequence This project was conducted under the supervision of Donald J. Stastny and Edward Starkie. Title: Making South Downtown Portland Author: Queiroz, Artur, Gilden, Beth, Martins, Flávia, Six, Hannah, Todoroff, John, Davis, Linn, Schafaschek, Maria, Silveira, Nely, Batista, Sayonara, Sanccao, Taissa Year: 2015 Principals that guided the project: (1) Create connection between existing activity centers. Education: Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon Museum of Science and Industry, and Portland State University Parks: Halpern Sequence, Park Blocks, and Waterfront Transit centers: Orange Line, Yellow Line, Streetcar and Bus Connection (2) Add to multi-use nature of area to provide a 24 hr neighborhood environment. Additional residential Development - catering to late night and residence not just office crowd. (3) Improve pedestrian experience: Increase safety by making traffic changes, add wayfinding and dampen freeway noise. (4) Design for a diversity of ages (5) Activate existing/underutilized "dead" or "lost" spaces. Create a "reason for being" for underutilized or underdeveloped land (6) Add and preserve natural features for both beauty and function: tie green elements in the city into park blocks and waterfront park to create cohesion between places; use natural features to deal with stormwater, traffic nuisances (speed/noise); preserve views of Mt. Hood and River; and provide a gathering place. (7) Create new centers of activity at key points where transit or uses intersect (8) Follow/preserve current social and cultural uses in the areas: farmers markets and food trucks (9) Add design features that reflect social uses, and cultural history: public art (10) Accentuate neighboring assets: PSU university life and historic Halprin Sequence This project was conducted under the supervision of Donald J. Stastny and Edward Starkie. Close

• 67. [Article] From Stumptown to Treetown: A Field Guide for Interpreting Portland’s History though its Heritage Trees

  Portland’s urban forest is rooted in the city’s history. This guide is the first of its kind to use historic literature, archival collections, and living trees as evidence to interpret Portland’s history. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: From Stumptown to Treetown: A Field Guide for Interpreting Portland’s History though its Heritage Trees Author: Hedberg, David-Paul B. Year: 2015 Portland’s urban forest is rooted in the city’s history. This guide is the first of its kind to use historic literature, archival collections, and living trees as evidence to interpret Portland’s history. Trees are some of our city’s oldest living artifacts and this guide will show you some of the many ways to see and interpret both history and nature in Portland. Title: From Stumptown to Treetown: A Field Guide for Interpreting Portland’s History though its Heritage Trees Author: Hedberg, David-Paul B. Year: 2015 Portland’s urban forest is rooted in the city’s history. This guide is the first of its kind to use historic literature, archival collections, and living trees as evidence to interpret Portland’s history. Trees are some of our city’s oldest living artifacts and this guide will show you some of the many ways to see and interpret both history and nature in Portland. Close

• 68. [Article] The Devil is in the Details: A study of how Ancient Greek historian Thucydides’ greatest work, the History of the Peloponnesian War, changed historiography

  Before the time of recorded history, how did people view historical events? Was it just a story that was told and past down with narrative embellishments? Or did they take a more factual approach? This ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Devil is in the Details: A study of how Ancient Greek historian Thucydides’ greatest work, the History of the Peloponnesian War, changed historiography Author: Dodge, Kirsten E. Year: 2016 Before the time of recorded history, how did people view historical events? Was it just a story that was told and past down with narrative embellishments? Or did they take a more factual approach? This essay will explore one such work of historiography that attempts to transcend history as a story, and more as a necessary combination of dry facts for future generations to use. Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War endeavors to relay only the facts of what he thought would be one of the most influential wars in the history of his modern world. Title: The Devil is in the Details: A study of how Ancient Greek historian Thucydides’ greatest work, the History of the Peloponnesian War, changed historiography Author: Dodge, Kirsten E. Year: 2016 Before the time of recorded history, how did people view historical events? Was it just a story that was told and past down with narrative embellishments? Or did they take a more factual approach? This essay will explore one such work of historiography that attempts to transcend history as a story, and more as a necessary combination of dry facts for future generations to use. Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War endeavors to relay only the facts of what he thought would be one of the most influential wars in the history of his modern world. Close

• 69. [Article] Development of Future Land Cover Change Scenarios in the Metropolitan Fringe, Oregon, U.S., with Stakeholder Involvement

  We describe a future land cover scenario construction process developed under consultation with a group of stakeholders from our study area. We developed a simple geographic information system (GIS) method ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Development of Future Land Cover Change Scenarios in the Metropolitan Fringe, Oregon, U.S., with Stakeholder Involvement Author: Chang, Heejun, Hoyer, Roberrt W. Year: 2014 We describe a future land cover scenario construction process developed under consultation with a group of stakeholders from our study area. We developed a simple geographic information system (GIS) method to modify a land cover dataset and then used qualitative data extracted from the stakeholder storyline to modify it. These identified variables related to our study area’s land use regulation system as the major driver in the placement of new urban growth on the landscape; and the accommodation of new population as the determinant of its growth rate. The outcome was a series of three scenario maps depicting a gradient of increased urbanization. The effort attempted to create a simple and transparent modeling framework that is easy to communicate. The incorporation of the regulatory context and rules and place-specific modeling for denser urban and sparse rural areas provide new insights of future land conversions. This relatively rapid mapping process provides useful information for spatial planning and projects for where and how much urban land will be present by the year 2050 Title: Development of Future Land Cover Change Scenarios in the Metropolitan Fringe, Oregon, U.S., with Stakeholder Involvement Author: Chang, Heejun, Hoyer, Roberrt W. Year: 2014 We describe a future land cover scenario construction process developed under consultation with a group of stakeholders from our study area. We developed a simple geographic information system (GIS) method to modify a land cover dataset and then used qualitative data extracted from the stakeholder storyline to modify it. These identified variables related to our study area’s land use regulation system as the major driver in the placement of new urban growth on the landscape; and the accommodation of new population as the determinant of its growth rate. The outcome was a series of three scenario maps depicting a gradient of increased urbanization. The effort attempted to create a simple and transparent modeling framework that is easy to communicate. The incorporation of the regulatory context and rules and place-specific modeling for denser urban and sparse rural areas provide new insights of future land conversions. This relatively rapid mapping process provides useful information for spatial planning and projects for where and how much urban land will be present by the year 2050 Close

• 70. [Article] Progressive Era Aftermath-analysis of Municipal Housekeeping: Bertha K. Landes and Dorothy McCullough Lee

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Progressive Era Aftermath-analysis of Municipal Housekeeping: Bertha K. Landes and Dorothy McCullough Lee Author: Potter, Mary Year: 2017 Title: Progressive Era Aftermath-analysis of Municipal Housekeeping: Bertha K. Landes and Dorothy McCullough Lee Author: Potter, Mary Year: 2017 Close

• 71. [Article] The Cully Park Inter-Tribal Gathering Garden: Place-making Through Indigenous Eco-cultural Reclamation

  Portland's history and geography are patterned, like any city, by spatial imaginings both utopian and dystopian. This examination of the raw landscape of the city’s nascent garden space in Cully Park is ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Cully Park Inter-Tribal Gathering Garden: Place-making Through Indigenous Eco-cultural Reclamation Author: Morris, Randall Year: 2014 Portland's history and geography are patterned, like any city, by spatial imaginings both utopian and dystopian. This examination of the raw landscape of the city’s nascent garden space in Cully Park is an attempt to research a third manifestation of space, one that might be called heterotopia. This research into the Inter-Tribal Gathering Garden is a search for a more complete accounting of place, one which also acknowledges the variety of non-human agencies (a list which would include streets, planning documents, various plants, historical accounts, and even the consistent boundaries of the space itself) found in all heterogeneous social arrangements. Title: The Cully Park Inter-Tribal Gathering Garden: Place-making Through Indigenous Eco-cultural Reclamation Author: Morris, Randall Year: 2014 Portland's history and geography are patterned, like any city, by spatial imaginings both utopian and dystopian. This examination of the raw landscape of the city’s nascent garden space in Cully Park is an attempt to research a third manifestation of space, one that might be called heterotopia. This research into the Inter-Tribal Gathering Garden is a search for a more complete accounting of place, one which also acknowledges the variety of non-human agencies (a list which would include streets, planning documents, various plants, historical accounts, and even the consistent boundaries of the space itself) found in all heterogeneous social arrangements. Close

• 72. [Article] Relative Sea-Level Trends in New York City During the Past 1500 Years

  New York City (NYC) is threatened by 21st-century relative sea-level (RSL) rise because it will experience a trend that exceeds the global mean and has high concentrations of low-lying infrastructure and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Relative Sea-Level Trends in New York City During the Past 1500 Years Author: Kemp, Andrew C., Hill, Troy D., Vane, Christopher H., Cahill, Niamh, Orton, Philip, Talke, Stefan A., Parnell, Andrew C., Sanborn, Kelsey, Hartig, Ellen Year: 2017 New York City (NYC) is threatened by 21st-century relative sea-level (RSL) rise because it will experience a trend that exceeds the global mean and has high concentrations of low-lying infrastructure and socioeconomic activity. To provide a long-term context for anticipated trends, we reconstructed RSL change during the past ~1500 years using a core of salt-marsh sediment from Pelham Bay in The Bronx. Foraminifera and bulk-sediment δ13C values were used as sea-level indicators. The history of sediment accumulation was established by radiocarbon dating and recognition of pollution and land-use trends of known age in down-core elemental, isotopic, and pollen profiles. The reconstruction was generated within a Bayesian hierarchical model to accommodate multiple proxies and to provide a unified statistical framework for quantifying uncertainty. We show that RSL in NYC rose by ~1.70 m since ~575 CE (including ~0.38 m since 1850 CE). The rate of RSL rise increased markedly at 1812–1913 CE from ~1.0 to ~2.5 mm/yr, which coincides with other reconstructions along the US Atlantic coast. We investigated the possible influence of tidal-range change in Long Island Sound on our reconstruction using a regional tidal model, and we demonstrate that this effect was likely small. However, future tidal-range change could exacerbate the impacts of RSL rise in communities bordering Long Island Sound. The current rate of RSL rise is the fastest that NYC has experienced for >1500 years, and its ongoing acceleration suggests that projections of 21st-century local RSL rise will be realized. Title: Relative Sea-Level Trends in New York City During the Past 1500 Years Author: Kemp, Andrew C., Hill, Troy D., Vane, Christopher H., Cahill, Niamh, Orton, Philip, Talke, Stefan A., Parnell, Andrew C., Sanborn, Kelsey, Hartig, Ellen Year: 2017 New York City (NYC) is threatened by 21st-century relative sea-level (RSL) rise because it will experience a trend that exceeds the global mean and has high concentrations of low-lying infrastructure and socioeconomic activity. To provide a long-term context for anticipated trends, we reconstructed RSL change during the past ~1500 years using a core of salt-marsh sediment from Pelham Bay in The Bronx. Foraminifera and bulk-sediment δ13C values were used as sea-level indicators. The history of sediment accumulation was established by radiocarbon dating and recognition of pollution and land-use trends of known age in down-core elemental, isotopic, and pollen profiles. The reconstruction was generated within a Bayesian hierarchical model to accommodate multiple proxies and to provide a unified statistical framework for quantifying uncertainty. We show that RSL in NYC rose by ~1.70 m since ~575 CE (including ~0.38 m since 1850 CE). The rate of RSL rise increased markedly at 1812–1913 CE from ~1.0 to ~2.5 mm/yr, which coincides with other reconstructions along the US Atlantic coast. We investigated the possible influence of tidal-range change in Long Island Sound on our reconstruction using a regional tidal model, and we demonstrate that this effect was likely small. However, future tidal-range change could exacerbate the impacts of RSL rise in communities bordering Long Island Sound. The current rate of RSL rise is the fastest that NYC has experienced for >1500 years, and its ongoing acceleration suggests that projections of 21st-century local RSL rise will be realized. Close

• 73. [Article] Relative Sea-Level Trends in New York City During the Past 1500 Years

  New York City (NYC) is threatened by 21st-century relative sea-level (RSL) rise because it will experience a trend that exceeds the global mean and has high concentrations of low-lying infrastructure and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Relative Sea-Level Trends in New York City During the Past 1500 Years Author: Kemp, Andrew C., Hill, Troy D., Vane, Christopher H., Cahill, Niamh, Orton, Philip M., Talke, Stefan A., Parnell, Andrew C., Sanborn, Kelsey, Hartig, Ellen K. Year: 2017 New York City (NYC) is threatened by 21st-century relative sea-level (RSL) rise because it will experience a trend that exceeds the global mean and has high concentrations of low-lying infrastructure and socioeconomic activity. To provide a long-term context for anticipated trends, we reconstructed RSL change during the past ~1500 years using a core of salt-marsh sediment from Pelham Bay in The Bronx. Foraminifera and bulk-sediment δ13C values were used as sea-level indicators. The history of sediment accumulation was established by radiocarbon dating and recognition of pollution and land-use trends of known age in down-core elemental, isotopic, and pollen profiles. The reconstruction was generated within a Bayesian hierarchical model to accommodate multiple proxies and to provide a unified statistical framework for quantifying uncertainty. We show that RSL in NYC rose by ~1.70 m since ~575 CE (including ~0.38 m since 1850 CE). The rate of RSL rise increased markedly at 1812–1913 CE from ~1.0 to ~2.5 mm/yr, which coincides with other reconstructions along the US Atlantic coast. We investigated the possible influence of tidal-range change in Long Island Sound on our reconstruction using a regional tidal model, and we demonstrate that this effect was likely small. However, future tidal-range change could exacerbate the impacts of RSL rise in communities bordering Long Island Sound. The current rate of RSL rise is the fastest that NYC has experienced for >1500 years, and its ongoing acceleration suggests that projections of 21st-century local RSL rise will be realized. Title: Relative Sea-Level Trends in New York City During the Past 1500 Years Author: Kemp, Andrew C., Hill, Troy D., Vane, Christopher H., Cahill, Niamh, Orton, Philip M., Talke, Stefan A., Parnell, Andrew C., Sanborn, Kelsey, Hartig, Ellen K. Year: 2017 New York City (NYC) is threatened by 21st-century relative sea-level (RSL) rise because it will experience a trend that exceeds the global mean and has high concentrations of low-lying infrastructure and socioeconomic activity. To provide a long-term context for anticipated trends, we reconstructed RSL change during the past ~1500 years using a core of salt-marsh sediment from Pelham Bay in The Bronx. Foraminifera and bulk-sediment δ13C values were used as sea-level indicators. The history of sediment accumulation was established by radiocarbon dating and recognition of pollution and land-use trends of known age in down-core elemental, isotopic, and pollen profiles. The reconstruction was generated within a Bayesian hierarchical model to accommodate multiple proxies and to provide a unified statistical framework for quantifying uncertainty. We show that RSL in NYC rose by ~1.70 m since ~575 CE (including ~0.38 m since 1850 CE). The rate of RSL rise increased markedly at 1812–1913 CE from ~1.0 to ~2.5 mm/yr, which coincides with other reconstructions along the US Atlantic coast. We investigated the possible influence of tidal-range change in Long Island Sound on our reconstruction using a regional tidal model, and we demonstrate that this effect was likely small. However, future tidal-range change could exacerbate the impacts of RSL rise in communities bordering Long Island Sound. The current rate of RSL rise is the fastest that NYC has experienced for >1500 years, and its ongoing acceleration suggests that projections of 21st-century local RSL rise will be realized. Close

• 74. [Article] Increased Habitat Connectivity Homogenizes Freshwater Communities: Historical and Landscape Perspectives

  Increases in habitat connectivity can have consequences for taxonomic, functional, and genetic diversity of communities. Previously isolated aquatic habitats were connected with canals and pipelines in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Increased Habitat Connectivity Homogenizes Freshwater Communities: Historical and Landscape Perspectives Author: Strecker, Angela L., Brittain, Jeffrey Thomas Year: 2017 Increases in habitat connectivity can have consequences for taxonomic, functional, and genetic diversity of communities. Previously isolated aquatic habitats were connected with canals and pipelines in the largest water development project in the US history, the Columbia Basin Project (CBP; eastern Washington, USA), which also altered environmental conditions; however, the ecological consequences are largely unknown. Using a historical dataset, we examined long-term patterns in zooplankton communities, water chemistry and clarity, testing the hypothesis that increased connectivity will result in taxonomic homogenization. Further, we tested contemporary drivers of communities using a comprehensive set of environmental and landscape variables. Waterbodies were sampled for zooplankton community composition as well as physical and chemical variables inside and outside the CBP using methods consistent with historical studies. We found significant declines in salinity inside the CBP, whereas changes in water clarity were prevalent across all waterbodies. Increased connectivity via canals homogenized zooplankton communities over time, as well as increasing regional richness. Other long-term changes in zooplankton communities may be related to climate change, invasive species, and land-use changes. Synthesis and applications. Though canals may offer species spatial refugia, homogenization may decrease resilience to environmental stressors. These new hybrid aquatic landscapes, or hydroscapes, should be considered carefully in future water development, including specific plans for monitoring of species and environmental conditions, as well as mitigation of undesirable conditions and/or non-native species. Title: Increased Habitat Connectivity Homogenizes Freshwater Communities: Historical and Landscape Perspectives Author: Strecker, Angela L., Brittain, Jeffrey Thomas Year: 2017 Increases in habitat connectivity can have consequences for taxonomic, functional, and genetic diversity of communities. Previously isolated aquatic habitats were connected with canals and pipelines in the largest water development project in the US history, the Columbia Basin Project (CBP; eastern Washington, USA), which also altered environmental conditions; however, the ecological consequences are largely unknown. Using a historical dataset, we examined long-term patterns in zooplankton communities, water chemistry and clarity, testing the hypothesis that increased connectivity will result in taxonomic homogenization. Further, we tested contemporary drivers of communities using a comprehensive set of environmental and landscape variables. Waterbodies were sampled for zooplankton community composition as well as physical and chemical variables inside and outside the CBP using methods consistent with historical studies. We found significant declines in salinity inside the CBP, whereas changes in water clarity were prevalent across all waterbodies. Increased connectivity via canals homogenized zooplankton communities over time, as well as increasing regional richness. Other long-term changes in zooplankton communities may be related to climate change, invasive species, and land-use changes. Synthesis and applications. Though canals may offer species spatial refugia, homogenization may decrease resilience to environmental stressors. These new hybrid aquatic landscapes, or hydroscapes, should be considered carefully in future water development, including specific plans for monitoring of species and environmental conditions, as well as mitigation of undesirable conditions and/or non-native species. Close

• 75. [Article] (Re)Presenting Peoples and Storied Lands: Public Presentation of Archaeology and Representation of Native Americans in Selected Western U.S. Protected Areas

  Every year, hundreds of thousands of people visit the Native American ancestral lands in the western United States developed for tourism and recreation. The stewards of these lands seek to engage visitors ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: (Re)Presenting Peoples and Storied Lands: Public Presentation of Archaeology and Representation of Native Americans in Selected Western U.S. Protected Areas Author: Survant, Cerinda Year: 2016 Every year, hundreds of thousands of people visit the Native American ancestral lands in the western United States developed for tourism and recreation. The stewards of these lands seek to engage visitors and enrich their experience, and simultaneously to protect the lands' natural and cultural resources. To achieve their mission, protected areas regularly use interpretation -- materials and experiences that aim to educate visitors about resources and see them as personally meaningful. However, there is little literature on interpretive content in protected areas, few qualitative studies of interpretation as constructed by visitors and interpreters, and little literature on the representation of Native Americans in museums and protected areas. I consider the public presentation of archaeology at exemplary protected areas in the U.S. Southwest and Great Basin within a theoretical framework of governmentality and representation. Within a mixed-method research design, this project used participant-observation at thirteen protected area locales to identify interpretive content and representational strategies, and semi-structured interviews with 31 individuals to elicit staff and visitors' understandings of interpretation and display. This research found three types of narratives in the interpretation sampled-- scientific narratives, cultural narratives, and management messages. In general, scientific narratives appeared more frequently than cultural narratives and both appeared more frequently than management messages. Archaeology dominated scientific narratives, cultural continuity dominated cultural narratives, and orientation dominated management messages. In general, archaeology appeared with greater relative frequency than any other component of interpretive content. This study also found that interpretation predominantly adopted a third-person omniscient point of view and represented people predominantly in the ancient past. This study has both academic and applied outcomes. The work aims to contribute to the scant body of literature on interpretive content in protected areas stewarding natural and cultural resources, the few qualitative studies of interpretation as constructed by visitors and interpreters, and the existing literature on the representation of Native Americans in museums and protected areas as well as informing future interpretive practice. These findings inform a report on contemporary interpretive practice and recommendations for the public presentation of archaeology delivered to the US Fish and Wildlife Service in December 2013. Title: (Re)Presenting Peoples and Storied Lands: Public Presentation of Archaeology and Representation of Native Americans in Selected Western U.S. Protected Areas Author: Survant, Cerinda Year: 2016 Every year, hundreds of thousands of people visit the Native American ancestral lands in the western United States developed for tourism and recreation. The stewards of these lands seek to engage visitors and enrich their experience, and simultaneously to protect the lands' natural and cultural resources. To achieve their mission, protected areas regularly use interpretation -- materials and experiences that aim to educate visitors about resources and see them as personally meaningful. However, there is little literature on interpretive content in protected areas, few qualitative studies of interpretation as constructed by visitors and interpreters, and little literature on the representation of Native Americans in museums and protected areas. I consider the public presentation of archaeology at exemplary protected areas in the U.S. Southwest and Great Basin within a theoretical framework of governmentality and representation. Within a mixed-method research design, this project used participant-observation at thirteen protected area locales to identify interpretive content and representational strategies, and semi-structured interviews with 31 individuals to elicit staff and visitors' understandings of interpretation and display. This research found three types of narratives in the interpretation sampled-- scientific narratives, cultural narratives, and management messages. In general, scientific narratives appeared more frequently than cultural narratives and both appeared more frequently than management messages. Archaeology dominated scientific narratives, cultural continuity dominated cultural narratives, and orientation dominated management messages. In general, archaeology appeared with greater relative frequency than any other component of interpretive content. This study also found that interpretation predominantly adopted a third-person omniscient point of view and represented people predominantly in the ancient past. This study has both academic and applied outcomes. The work aims to contribute to the scant body of literature on interpretive content in protected areas stewarding natural and cultural resources, the few qualitative studies of interpretation as constructed by visitors and interpreters, and the existing literature on the representation of Native Americans in museums and protected areas as well as informing future interpretive practice. These findings inform a report on contemporary interpretive practice and recommendations for the public presentation of archaeology delivered to the US Fish and Wildlife Service in December 2013. Close

• 76. [Article] Systems Thinking in the Forest Service: a Framework to Guide Practical Application for Social-Ecological Management in the Enterprise Program

  The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Enterprise Program (EP), which provides fee-for-service consulting services to the USFS, is interested in integrating systems thinking into its service offerings. Despite ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Systems Thinking in the Forest Service: a Framework to Guide Practical Application for Social-Ecological Management in the Enterprise Program Author: Kmon, Megan Kathleen Year: 2016 The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Enterprise Program (EP), which provides fee-for-service consulting services to the USFS, is interested in integrating systems thinking into its service offerings. Despite there being several excellent sources on the range and diversity of systems thinking, no single framework exists that thoroughly yet concisely outlines what systems thinking is along with its deep history, theoretical tenets, and soft and hard approaches. This thesis is an attempt to create such a framework, aimed specifically at practical application in a land management agency, through literature synthesis injected with original analysis. The usefulness of the framework is then tested using three case studies within the EP and the agency as a whole. The framework highlights several important aspects of systems thinking, both generally and related specifically to social-ecological management. First, systems thinking is the transdisciplinary study of complex phenomena from a holistic, rather than reductionist, perspective. The world can be viewed as a massive set of embedded systems -- elements with relations that lead to nonlinear behavior -- making the role of the observer essential in identifying scales of interest and interactions amongst them. Second, the deep history of holistic thinking suggests that its modern scientific study could benefit from exploring the East's long-standing cultural and spiritual approaches to holism through cognitive unity and oneness with mankind and nature. Third, categorizations of systems approaches as "soft" versus "hard" are helpful but can distract us from the ultimate goal of systems thinking, which is to understand the various tools in the systems thinking toolbox so as to apply them critically and creatively to make a meaningful difference in the world. Fourth, I see the soft systems approaches as having a distinct systems thinking orientation and the hard systems approaches as overlapping substantially with operations research, the close cousin of systems thinking. Fifth, I identify a spectrum of complexity, contending that systems thinking tends to be concerned with what I call subjectively and computationally complex systems, as well as complex adaptive systems, leaving simple systems for other approaches. Finally, I contend that it is the soft systems approaches and the two theoretical pillars of hierarchy theory and cooperation theory that will aid wicked social-ecological problem solving the most. The framework is applied to three case studies. Examination of the EP reorganization using a hard systems approach revealed two critical high-level functions that were absent in the current structure, paving the way for new designs that could take those functions into account. Analysis of an initiative to increase citizen recreation on USFS lands showed that a systems approach had been improperly applied and how the application of a soft approach at the onset could have systematically framed the problem and offered unique normative insights for giving voice to relevant non-agency stakeholders as well as nature and future generations. And viewing the perennial problem of wildfire management through the lens of cooperation theory revealed how USFS leadership could take a more active role in promoting the long-term outlook, durable relationships, and reciprocal behaviors that are required for cooperative improvement to take place. As environmental narratives worsen and the need for transitioning towards sustainable ways of living heightens, systems thinking offers ever-increasing value to resource managers for its ability to deal with the many perspectives and normative content that underlie wicked problems and to help to illuminate potential consequences of system interventions given the interplay of complex structural dynamics across space and time. Title: Systems Thinking in the Forest Service: a Framework to Guide Practical Application for Social-Ecological Management in the Enterprise Program Author: Kmon, Megan Kathleen Year: 2016 The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Enterprise Program (EP), which provides fee-for-service consulting services to the USFS, is interested in integrating systems thinking into its service offerings. Despite there being several excellent sources on the range and diversity of systems thinking, no single framework exists that thoroughly yet concisely outlines what systems thinking is along with its deep history, theoretical tenets, and soft and hard approaches. This thesis is an attempt to create such a framework, aimed specifically at practical application in a land management agency, through literature synthesis injected with original analysis. The usefulness of the framework is then tested using three case studies within the EP and the agency as a whole. The framework highlights several important aspects of systems thinking, both generally and related specifically to social-ecological management. First, systems thinking is the transdisciplinary study of complex phenomena from a holistic, rather than reductionist, perspective. The world can be viewed as a massive set of embedded systems -- elements with relations that lead to nonlinear behavior -- making the role of the observer essential in identifying scales of interest and interactions amongst them. Second, the deep history of holistic thinking suggests that its modern scientific study could benefit from exploring the East's long-standing cultural and spiritual approaches to holism through cognitive unity and oneness with mankind and nature. Third, categorizations of systems approaches as "soft" versus "hard" are helpful but can distract us from the ultimate goal of systems thinking, which is to understand the various tools in the systems thinking toolbox so as to apply them critically and creatively to make a meaningful difference in the world. Fourth, I see the soft systems approaches as having a distinct systems thinking orientation and the hard systems approaches as overlapping substantially with operations research, the close cousin of systems thinking. Fifth, I identify a spectrum of complexity, contending that systems thinking tends to be concerned with what I call subjectively and computationally complex systems, as well as complex adaptive systems, leaving simple systems for other approaches. Finally, I contend that it is the soft systems approaches and the two theoretical pillars of hierarchy theory and cooperation theory that will aid wicked social-ecological problem solving the most. The framework is applied to three case studies. Examination of the EP reorganization using a hard systems approach revealed two critical high-level functions that were absent in the current structure, paving the way for new designs that could take those functions into account. Analysis of an initiative to increase citizen recreation on USFS lands showed that a systems approach had been improperly applied and how the application of a soft approach at the onset could have systematically framed the problem and offered unique normative insights for giving voice to relevant non-agency stakeholders as well as nature and future generations. And viewing the perennial problem of wildfire management through the lens of cooperation theory revealed how USFS leadership could take a more active role in promoting the long-term outlook, durable relationships, and reciprocal behaviors that are required for cooperative improvement to take place. As environmental narratives worsen and the need for transitioning towards sustainable ways of living heightens, systems thinking offers ever-increasing value to resource managers for its ability to deal with the many perspectives and normative content that underlie wicked problems and to help to illuminate potential consequences of system interventions given the interplay of complex structural dynamics across space and time. Close

• 77. [Article] Time Varying Parameter Models for Catchments with Land Use Change: the Importance of Model Structure

  Rapid population and economic growth in South-East-Asia has been accompanied by extensive land use change with consequent impacts on catchment hydrology. Modelling methodologies capable of handling changing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Time Varying Parameter Models for Catchments with Land Use Change: the Importance of Model Structure Author: Pathiraja, Sahani, Anghileri, Daniela, Burlando, Paolo, Sharma, Ashish, Marshall, Lucy, Moradkhani, Hamid Year: 2017 Rapid population and economic growth in South-East-Asia has been accompanied by extensive land use change with consequent impacts on catchment hydrology. Modelling methodologies capable of handling changing land use conditions are therefore becoming ever more important, and are receiving increasing attention from hydrologists. A recently developed Data Assimilation based framework that allows model parameters to vary through time in response to signals of change in observations is considered for a medium sized catchment (2880 km²) in Northern Vietnam experiencing substantial but gradual land cover change. We investigate the efficacy of the method as well as the importance of the chosen model structure in ensuring the success of time varying parameter methods. The framework was utilized with two conceptual models (HBV and HyMOD) that gave good quality streamflow predictions during pre-change conditions. Although both time varying parameter models gave improved streamflow predictions under changed conditions compared to the time invariant parameter model, persistent biases for low flows were apparent in the HyMOD case. It was found that HyMOD was not suited to representing the modified baseflow conditions, resulting in extreme and unrealistic time varying parameter estimates. This work shows that the chosen model can be critical for ensuring the time varying parameter framework successfully models streamflow under changed land cover conditions. It also serves as an effective tool for separating the influence of climatic and land use change in retrospective studies where the lack of a paired control catchment precludes such an assessment. Title: Time Varying Parameter Models for Catchments with Land Use Change: the Importance of Model Structure Author: Pathiraja, Sahani, Anghileri, Daniela, Burlando, Paolo, Sharma, Ashish, Marshall, Lucy, Moradkhani, Hamid Year: 2017 Rapid population and economic growth in South-East-Asia has been accompanied by extensive land use change with consequent impacts on catchment hydrology. Modelling methodologies capable of handling changing land use conditions are therefore becoming ever more important, and are receiving increasing attention from hydrologists. A recently developed Data Assimilation based framework that allows model parameters to vary through time in response to signals of change in observations is considered for a medium sized catchment (2880 km²) in Northern Vietnam experiencing substantial but gradual land cover change. We investigate the efficacy of the method as well as the importance of the chosen model structure in ensuring the success of time varying parameter methods. The framework was utilized with two conceptual models (HBV and HyMOD) that gave good quality streamflow predictions during pre-change conditions. Although both time varying parameter models gave improved streamflow predictions under changed conditions compared to the time invariant parameter model, persistent biases for low flows were apparent in the HyMOD case. It was found that HyMOD was not suited to representing the modified baseflow conditions, resulting in extreme and unrealistic time varying parameter estimates. This work shows that the chosen model can be critical for ensuring the time varying parameter framework successfully models streamflow under changed land cover conditions. It also serves as an effective tool for separating the influence of climatic and land use change in retrospective studies where the lack of a paired control catchment precludes such an assessment. Close

• 78. [Article] Strengthening the Resiliency of Dryland Forest-Based Livelihoods in Ethiopia and South Sudan: A Review of Literature on the Interaction Between Dryland Forests, Livelihoods and Forest Governance

  Dry forests account for nearly half of the world’s tropical and subtropical forests and provide a multitude of ecological services. They contribute to hydrological cycles and livestock and wildlife provisioning; ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Strengthening the Resiliency of Dryland Forest-Based Livelihoods in Ethiopia and South Sudan: A Review of Literature on the Interaction Between Dryland Forests, Livelihoods and Forest Governance Author: Lawry, Steven, McLain, Rebecca J., Kassa, Habtemariam Year: 2015 Dry forests account for nearly half of the world’s tropical and subtropical forests and provide a multitude of ecological services. They contribute to hydrological cycles and livestock and wildlife provisioning; and host pollinators and wild plants. They are also important ecological zones for dryland agriculture and pastoral livelihood strategies that support hundreds of millions of people around the world. Dry forests cover large areas and their biomass stores carbon and helps mitigate climate change. Dry forests are particularly important to people in Africa. They provide wood for construction and energy, contribute to local diets with wild fruits, vegetables, nuts, edible insects and bushmeat. Wild, edible plants provide essential nutrients, particularly during times of food scarcity. Yet dry forests are subject to high rates of deforestation and degradation driven mainly by agricultural expansion and growing energy demands. Other challenges include limited information on dry forests (their inventories, changes over time, major drivers of deforestation and recovery, etc.), their biophysical aspects and ecosystem services and the potential roles they could play in increasing the sustainability of crop and livestock farming. Governments, development partners and communities are looking for options to better manage these resources at the landscape level. Dry forests are complex ecosystems that are not fully understood. Scientific knowledge to better manage dry forests and sustain the livelihoods of people that depend on these ecosystems remains scanty as research to inform policy and practice is still very limited. The knowledge gap is even more pronounced in northeastern Africa, notably Ethiopia and South Sudan where these forest types are important in terms of areas coverage and in supporting rural livelihoods. Ethiopia and South Sudan share histories of political unrest and conflict that have contributed to famines; large-scale land acquisition for investment and agricultural expansion by smallholders are resulting in major and rapid land-use changes in their dry forested areas. Ethiopia’s two decades of peace and stability and its experience in managing its natural resources could inform post-conflict intervention measures in South Sudan. This study was conducted as an effort to help fill the knowledge gap in dry forest-based livelihoods through a critical review of the available literature. It used publications from CIFOR’s work on dry forests and product marketing in Ethiopia and from other sources, including gray literature. The study assessed the socio-ecological context, including relevant laws and strategies, with an emphasis on the biophysical characteristics of the dryland forests of Ethiopia and South Sudan and the major causes of deforestation and forest degradation. Using livelihood systems as an analytical framework, it examined (i) major livelihood strategies; (ii) the contribution of dry forests to livelihoods; (iii) forest product markets and value chains; and (iv) forest and land governance with an emphasis on the relationship between political, economic and resource management policies and the level of degradation of dry forests and their contributions to the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities in Ethiopia and South Sudan. It also identified major threats to dry, forest-based livelihoods and key issues for policy, research and practice that need to be addressed to maintain the multifunctionality of dryland forests while also ensuring the well-being of communities dependent on these landscapes. Title: Strengthening the Resiliency of Dryland Forest-Based Livelihoods in Ethiopia and South Sudan: A Review of Literature on the Interaction Between Dryland Forests, Livelihoods and Forest Governance Author: Lawry, Steven, McLain, Rebecca J., Kassa, Habtemariam Year: 2015 Dry forests account for nearly half of the world’s tropical and subtropical forests and provide a multitude of ecological services. They contribute to hydrological cycles and livestock and wildlife provisioning; and host pollinators and wild plants. They are also important ecological zones for dryland agriculture and pastoral livelihood strategies that support hundreds of millions of people around the world. Dry forests cover large areas and their biomass stores carbon and helps mitigate climate change. Dry forests are particularly important to people in Africa. They provide wood for construction and energy, contribute to local diets with wild fruits, vegetables, nuts, edible insects and bushmeat. Wild, edible plants provide essential nutrients, particularly during times of food scarcity. Yet dry forests are subject to high rates of deforestation and degradation driven mainly by agricultural expansion and growing energy demands. Other challenges include limited information on dry forests (their inventories, changes over time, major drivers of deforestation and recovery, etc.), their biophysical aspects and ecosystem services and the potential roles they could play in increasing the sustainability of crop and livestock farming. Governments, development partners and communities are looking for options to better manage these resources at the landscape level. Dry forests are complex ecosystems that are not fully understood. Scientific knowledge to better manage dry forests and sustain the livelihoods of people that depend on these ecosystems remains scanty as research to inform policy and practice is still very limited. The knowledge gap is even more pronounced in northeastern Africa, notably Ethiopia and South Sudan where these forest types are important in terms of areas coverage and in supporting rural livelihoods. Ethiopia and South Sudan share histories of political unrest and conflict that have contributed to famines; large-scale land acquisition for investment and agricultural expansion by smallholders are resulting in major and rapid land-use changes in their dry forested areas. Ethiopia’s two decades of peace and stability and its experience in managing its natural resources could inform post-conflict intervention measures in South Sudan. This study was conducted as an effort to help fill the knowledge gap in dry forest-based livelihoods through a critical review of the available literature. It used publications from CIFOR’s work on dry forests and product marketing in Ethiopia and from other sources, including gray literature. The study assessed the socio-ecological context, including relevant laws and strategies, with an emphasis on the biophysical characteristics of the dryland forests of Ethiopia and South Sudan and the major causes of deforestation and forest degradation. Using livelihood systems as an analytical framework, it examined (i) major livelihood strategies; (ii) the contribution of dry forests to livelihoods; (iii) forest product markets and value chains; and (iv) forest and land governance with an emphasis on the relationship between political, economic and resource management policies and the level of degradation of dry forests and their contributions to the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities in Ethiopia and South Sudan. It also identified major threats to dry, forest-based livelihoods and key issues for policy, research and practice that need to be addressed to maintain the multifunctionality of dryland forests while also ensuring the well-being of communities dependent on these landscapes. Close

• 79. [Article] Urban Impacts to Forest Productivity, Soil Quality, and Canopy Structure in Forest Park, Portland, Oregon

  Land use practices and exposure to low impact disturbances associated with an urban environment can alter forest structure and function. Past and ongoing research in Forest Park, a large urban forest in ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Urban Impacts to Forest Productivity, Soil Quality, and Canopy Structure in Forest Park, Portland, Oregon Author: Addessi, Andrew David Year: 2017 Land use practices and exposure to low impact disturbances associated with an urban environment can alter forest structure and function. Past and ongoing research in Forest Park, a large urban forest in Portland, Oregon, suggests that mature mixed Douglas-fir (Psuedotsuga meziesii)-hardwood stands in the more urban end of the park lack a shade-tolerant conifer understory composed of the late successional conifer tree species, such western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and western red-cedar (Thuja plicata). 5-year plot remeasurement data that characterizes productivity and mortality patterns did not show a strong relationship to urban proximity. Plot productivity was generally consistent with values taken from studies of other similarly aged (~100 years old) Douglas-fir /Western Hemlock stands. Mortality was highest in rural plots, and was driven by large windthrow events to canopy trees. Soil organic matter, soil pH, and depth of organic horizon indicated a legacy of soil impact in urban areas most impacted by past intensive logging. The urban mature plot had higher mean soil pH at site (5.87, se: ±0.06) compared to a rural mature, and old growth reference sites located within the park. Although surface organic and A layer soil horizon depth was thinnest at the urban mature site, soil organic matter was not found to be significantly different across sites. Light detection and ranging ( LiDAR) data showed that old-growth plots and plots in the middle section of the park had the highest degree of canopy structure as measured by Rumple and standard deviation of point elevation. Measures of stand height showed OG plots and urban plots to have the tallest trees. Rural plots showed a high degree of variability in all LiDAR metrics, showing a wider range of stand height and complexity than urban and middle plots. These results suggest that past land-use and urban proximity affect plot level productivity, soil quality, and above-ground canopy structure in Forest Park. These results clarify how the lack of late-successional tree species might be most linked to differing histories of intensive logging activity within the park. Reduced old-growth legacy features (remnant seed trees, coarse woody debris) in plots with a clear history of aggressive clear-cuts has led to a reduction in regeneration of western hemlock and western red-cedar in the understory. Title: Urban Impacts to Forest Productivity, Soil Quality, and Canopy Structure in Forest Park, Portland, Oregon Author: Addessi, Andrew David Year: 2017 Land use practices and exposure to low impact disturbances associated with an urban environment can alter forest structure and function. Past and ongoing research in Forest Park, a large urban forest in Portland, Oregon, suggests that mature mixed Douglas-fir (Psuedotsuga meziesii)-hardwood stands in the more urban end of the park lack a shade-tolerant conifer understory composed of the late successional conifer tree species, such western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and western red-cedar (Thuja plicata). 5-year plot remeasurement data that characterizes productivity and mortality patterns did not show a strong relationship to urban proximity. Plot productivity was generally consistent with values taken from studies of other similarly aged (~100 years old) Douglas-fir /Western Hemlock stands. Mortality was highest in rural plots, and was driven by large windthrow events to canopy trees. Soil organic matter, soil pH, and depth of organic horizon indicated a legacy of soil impact in urban areas most impacted by past intensive logging. The urban mature plot had higher mean soil pH at site (5.87, se: ±0.06) compared to a rural mature, and old growth reference sites located within the park. Although surface organic and A layer soil horizon depth was thinnest at the urban mature site, soil organic matter was not found to be significantly different across sites. Light detection and ranging ( LiDAR) data showed that old-growth plots and plots in the middle section of the park had the highest degree of canopy structure as measured by Rumple and standard deviation of point elevation. Measures of stand height showed OG plots and urban plots to have the tallest trees. Rural plots showed a high degree of variability in all LiDAR metrics, showing a wider range of stand height and complexity than urban and middle plots. These results suggest that past land-use and urban proximity affect plot level productivity, soil quality, and above-ground canopy structure in Forest Park. These results clarify how the lack of late-successional tree species might be most linked to differing histories of intensive logging activity within the park. Reduced old-growth legacy features (remnant seed trees, coarse woody debris) in plots with a clear history of aggressive clear-cuts has led to a reduction in regeneration of western hemlock and western red-cedar in the understory. Close

• 80. [Article] The Enigma of the Spartan Woman

  Active in both social and economic spheres, Spartan women possessed much more mobility than their counterparts in Athens. In the areas of education, the arts, land ownership, marriage, and family life, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Enigma of the Spartan Woman Author: Post, Jalena M. Year: 2015 Active in both social and economic spheres, Spartan women possessed much more mobility than their counterparts in Athens. In the areas of education, the arts, land ownership, marriage, and family life, the women of Sparta enjoyed a large amount of sovereignty when compared to other ancient societies. The absence of Spartan men during almost constant times of war necessitated women taking on more responsibility than they would have otherwise, but to what extent? This paper strives to characterize the unique role of the women of Sparta during the classical period of Greek history, especially as in contrast to their Athenian neighbors. Title: The Enigma of the Spartan Woman Author: Post, Jalena M. Year: 2015 Active in both social and economic spheres, Spartan women possessed much more mobility than their counterparts in Athens. In the areas of education, the arts, land ownership, marriage, and family life, the women of Sparta enjoyed a large amount of sovereignty when compared to other ancient societies. The absence of Spartan men during almost constant times of war necessitated women taking on more responsibility than they would have otherwise, but to what extent? This paper strives to characterize the unique role of the women of Sparta during the classical period of Greek history, especially as in contrast to their Athenian neighbors. Close

• 81. [Article] Land Use Mix and Pedestrian Travel Behavior: Advancements in Conceptualization and Measurement

  Smart growth policies have often emphasized the importance of land use mix as an intervention beholding of lasting urban planning and public health benefits. Past transportation-land use research has identified ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Use Mix and Pedestrian Travel Behavior: Advancements in Conceptualization and Measurement Author: Gehrke, Steven Robert Year: 2017 Smart growth policies have often emphasized the importance of land use mix as an intervention beholding of lasting urban planning and public health benefits. Past transportation-land use research has identified potential efficiency gains achieved by mixed-use neighborhoods and the subsequent shortening of trip lengths; whereas, public health research has accredited increased land use mixing as an effective policy for facilitating greater physical activity. However, despite the celebrated transportation, land use, and health benefits of improved land use mixing and the extent of topical attention, no consensus has been reached regarding the conceptualization and measurement of this key smart growth principle or the magnitude of its link to walking. This dissertation, comprised of three empirical studies, explores this topic in detail. In the first study, activity-based transportation and landscape ecology theory contributed to the introduction of a multifaceted land use mix construct reflected by a set of composition and configuration indicators. This activity-related land use mix construct, and not the commonly used entropy index, was a significant built environmental determinant of walk mode choice and home-based walk trip frequency. In the second study, structural equation modeling was used to establish a connection between residing in a smart growth neighborhood and home-based pedestrian travel. This study discovered a multidimensional depiction of the traveler’s residential environment that was reflective of local land use mix, employment concentration, and pedestrian-oriented design. The second-order factor, which described a smart growth neighborhood, had a strong and positive effect on the household-level decision to walk for transportation-related and discretionary travel when assessed in a multidirectional conceptual framework. In the final study, the influence of geographic scale selection on the connection between the built environment and active and auto-related travel was explored. Informed by this sensitivity analysis, which underlined the existence of scaling and zoning effects, mode choice for both work and nonwork travel as a function of individual, household, transportation, and built environment features at the home location and destination was modeled. These discrete choice analysis results found that measures of land use mix and density at each trip end had the strongest effect on the decision to walk rather drive or ride in a vehicle for nonwork trips. In all, the findings from this dissertation provide policymakers and practitioners greater specificity in the measurement of land use mix and its connection to pedestrian travel behavior. Title: Land Use Mix and Pedestrian Travel Behavior: Advancements in Conceptualization and Measurement Author: Gehrke, Steven Robert Year: 2017 Smart growth policies have often emphasized the importance of land use mix as an intervention beholding of lasting urban planning and public health benefits. Past transportation-land use research has identified potential efficiency gains achieved by mixed-use neighborhoods and the subsequent shortening of trip lengths; whereas, public health research has accredited increased land use mixing as an effective policy for facilitating greater physical activity. However, despite the celebrated transportation, land use, and health benefits of improved land use mixing and the extent of topical attention, no consensus has been reached regarding the conceptualization and measurement of this key smart growth principle or the magnitude of its link to walking. This dissertation, comprised of three empirical studies, explores this topic in detail. In the first study, activity-based transportation and landscape ecology theory contributed to the introduction of a multifaceted land use mix construct reflected by a set of composition and configuration indicators. This activity-related land use mix construct, and not the commonly used entropy index, was a significant built environmental determinant of walk mode choice and home-based walk trip frequency. In the second study, structural equation modeling was used to establish a connection between residing in a smart growth neighborhood and home-based pedestrian travel. This study discovered a multidimensional depiction of the traveler’s residential environment that was reflective of local land use mix, employment concentration, and pedestrian-oriented design. The second-order factor, which described a smart growth neighborhood, had a strong and positive effect on the household-level decision to walk for transportation-related and discretionary travel when assessed in a multidirectional conceptual framework. In the final study, the influence of geographic scale selection on the connection between the built environment and active and auto-related travel was explored. Informed by this sensitivity analysis, which underlined the existence of scaling and zoning effects, mode choice for both work and nonwork travel as a function of individual, household, transportation, and built environment features at the home location and destination was modeled. These discrete choice analysis results found that measures of land use mix and density at each trip end had the strongest effect on the decision to walk rather drive or ride in a vehicle for nonwork trips. In all, the findings from this dissertation provide policymakers and practitioners greater specificity in the measurement of land use mix and its connection to pedestrian travel behavior. Close

• 82. [Article] Alexander of Macedonia and His Transformation Into Despotism

  At the age 20, Alexander of Macedonia began his campaign. After inheriting Macedonia from his father, he would expand his empire, stretching from Ancient Greece to Asia Minor. Besides conquering the land, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Alexander of Macedonia and His Transformation Into Despotism Author: Tran, Brandon Year: 2016 At the age 20, Alexander of Macedonia began his campaign. After inheriting Macedonia from his father, he would expand his empire, stretching from Ancient Greece to Asia Minor. Besides conquering the land, Alexander changed the land by connecting cultures, adopting foreign customs and expanding trade. Historians like Plutarch and Arrian of the Second Sophistic Age would call him Alexander the Great. But was he truly great? His military campaign was riddled with atrocities and unjustified murders, but history books still describe Alexander as a great man. This paper explores the viewpoints of antiquities greatest historians like Plutarch and Arrian, while also examining contemporary perspectives of Alexander’s life, questioning the validity of his greatness. Title: Alexander of Macedonia and His Transformation Into Despotism Author: Tran, Brandon Year: 2016 At the age 20, Alexander of Macedonia began his campaign. After inheriting Macedonia from his father, he would expand his empire, stretching from Ancient Greece to Asia Minor. Besides conquering the land, Alexander changed the land by connecting cultures, adopting foreign customs and expanding trade. Historians like Plutarch and Arrian of the Second Sophistic Age would call him Alexander the Great. But was he truly great? His military campaign was riddled with atrocities and unjustified murders, but history books still describe Alexander as a great man. This paper explores the viewpoints of antiquities greatest historians like Plutarch and Arrian, while also examining contemporary perspectives of Alexander’s life, questioning the validity of his greatness. Close

• 83. [Article] Mo'Ikeha's Voyage from Tahiti to Hawaii: A Look into Polynesian Culture

  The purpose of this paper was to explore the historiography and significance of Mo’ikeha’s voyage from Tahiti to Hawaii. Traced back to around the 13th century, Mo’ikeha sailed from Tahiti to Hawaii using ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mo'Ikeha's Voyage from Tahiti to Hawaii: A Look into Polynesian Culture Author: Tetsuka, Kalea Year: 2017 The purpose of this paper was to explore the historiography and significance of Mo’ikeha’s voyage from Tahiti to Hawaii. Traced back to around the 13th century, Mo’ikeha sailed from Tahiti to Hawaii using traditional navigational skills mastered by Polynesian voyagers. For years this was merely dismissed as a myth by European scholars, but in 1976 the Hokule’a recreated this trip using the same navigational techniques and traditional boat. Today, Mo’ikeha’s story will continue to live on, inspiring movies like Moana and proving the historical and cultural value of Hawaiian oral history. Title: Mo'Ikeha's Voyage from Tahiti to Hawaii: A Look into Polynesian Culture Author: Tetsuka, Kalea Year: 2017 The purpose of this paper was to explore the historiography and significance of Mo’ikeha’s voyage from Tahiti to Hawaii. Traced back to around the 13th century, Mo’ikeha sailed from Tahiti to Hawaii using traditional navigational skills mastered by Polynesian voyagers. For years this was merely dismissed as a myth by European scholars, but in 1976 the Hokule’a recreated this trip using the same navigational techniques and traditional boat. Today, Mo’ikeha’s story will continue to live on, inspiring movies like Moana and proving the historical and cultural value of Hawaiian oral history. Close

• 84. [Article] Quantitative, Qualitative, and Collaborative Methods: Approaching Indigenous Ecological Knowledge Heterogeneity

  I discuss the use of quantitative, qualitative, and collaborative methods to document and operationalize Indigenous ecological knowledge, using case studies from the Nepalese Himalaya and Great Basin. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Collaborative Methods: Approaching Indigenous Ecological Knowledge Heterogeneity Author: Spoon, Jeremy Year: 2014 I discuss the use of quantitative, qualitative, and collaborative methods to document and operationalize Indigenous ecological knowledge, using case studies from the Nepalese Himalaya and Great Basin. Both case studies applied results to natural and cultural resource management and interpretation for the public. These approaches attempt to reposition the interview subjects to serve as active contributors to the research and its outcomes. I argue that the study of any body of Indigenous knowledge requires a context-specific methodology and mutually agreed upon processes and outcomes. In the Nepalese Himalaya, I utilized linked quantitative and qualitative methods to understand how tourism influenced Sherpa place-based spiritual concepts, species, and landscape knowledge inside Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park and Buffer Zone. In this method, Sherpa collaborated in the development of the research questions, the design, and in the review of results. The research in the Great Basin employed collaborative qualitative methods to document Numic (Southern Paiute and Western Shoshone) ecological knowledge of federal lands within their ancestral territory and attempted to piece together fragmented and contested histories of place. In this method, Numic peoples collaborated on the development of research questions and design; however they also conducted most of the interviews. In both cases, I selected particular suites of methods depending on the context and created forums for the translation of this information to applied outcomes. The methods were also improved and innovated through praxis. Title: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Collaborative Methods: Approaching Indigenous Ecological Knowledge Heterogeneity Author: Spoon, Jeremy Year: 2014 I discuss the use of quantitative, qualitative, and collaborative methods to document and operationalize Indigenous ecological knowledge, using case studies from the Nepalese Himalaya and Great Basin. Both case studies applied results to natural and cultural resource management and interpretation for the public. These approaches attempt to reposition the interview subjects to serve as active contributors to the research and its outcomes. I argue that the study of any body of Indigenous knowledge requires a context-specific methodology and mutually agreed upon processes and outcomes. In the Nepalese Himalaya, I utilized linked quantitative and qualitative methods to understand how tourism influenced Sherpa place-based spiritual concepts, species, and landscape knowledge inside Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park and Buffer Zone. In this method, Sherpa collaborated in the development of the research questions, the design, and in the review of results. The research in the Great Basin employed collaborative qualitative methods to document Numic (Southern Paiute and Western Shoshone) ecological knowledge of federal lands within their ancestral territory and attempted to piece together fragmented and contested histories of place. In this method, Numic peoples collaborated on the development of research questions and design; however they also conducted most of the interviews. In both cases, I selected particular suites of methods depending on the context and created forums for the translation of this information to applied outcomes. The methods were also improved and innovated through praxis. Close

• 85. [Article] Patterns and Impacts of Urban Stream Burial and the Potential for Stream Daylighting in Portland, Oregon

  Over the last 150 years, many urban areas have seen streams disappear underground into sewer systems and pipes. Stream burial, the rerouting of open channels to pipes and culverts, has a strong positive ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Patterns and Impacts of Urban Stream Burial and the Potential for Stream Daylighting in Portland, Oregon Author: Weil, Ella Year: 2017 Over the last 150 years, many urban areas have seen streams disappear underground into sewer systems and pipes. Stream burial, the rerouting of open channels to pipes and culverts, has a strong positive correlation with urban development. Patterns of development contributing to stream burial include the building of freeways, roads, sewer infrastructure, and residential housing. This study uses a combination of archival analysis, spatial analysis, and statistical methods to determine the patterns and impacts of stream burial in Portland, Oregon. Urban stream deserts have been identified in many metropolitan areas and can be defined as areas with dense urban development that have lost all hydrological connectivity. This study discusses the history of stream burial in Portland, delineates Portland's urban stream desert and identifies ecological impacts associated with stream burial. Spatial analysis shows the hotspots of stream deserts are concentrated in east Portland where both impervious areas and pipes are highly co-present. Water quality analysis is conducted by comparing five urban subwatersheds with varying degrees of burial and identifying the differences in water quality between upstream open channels and downstream buried reaches. While the ecological impacts of stream burial are not uniform, it can be argued that there is a relationship between stream burial and stream degradation. The results from the available data show significant differences between the upstream and downstream sites in three streams for several water quality parameters, and two streams that showed very little difference between upstream and downstream sites. The streams with the greatest variance in land use across the subwatershed had the most significant changes in water quality between the upstream and downstream sites. This study concludes by looking at stream daylighting as an option for both ecological restoration and social benefits. Recent efforts to design around existing nature and daylight streams in urban environments have contributed to improved water quality, increased biodiversity, community engagement, and reduced strain on aging sewer infrastructure. Title: Patterns and Impacts of Urban Stream Burial and the Potential for Stream Daylighting in Portland, Oregon Author: Weil, Ella Year: 2017 Over the last 150 years, many urban areas have seen streams disappear underground into sewer systems and pipes. Stream burial, the rerouting of open channels to pipes and culverts, has a strong positive correlation with urban development. Patterns of development contributing to stream burial include the building of freeways, roads, sewer infrastructure, and residential housing. This study uses a combination of archival analysis, spatial analysis, and statistical methods to determine the patterns and impacts of stream burial in Portland, Oregon. Urban stream deserts have been identified in many metropolitan areas and can be defined as areas with dense urban development that have lost all hydrological connectivity. This study discusses the history of stream burial in Portland, delineates Portland's urban stream desert and identifies ecological impacts associated with stream burial. Spatial analysis shows the hotspots of stream deserts are concentrated in east Portland where both impervious areas and pipes are highly co-present. Water quality analysis is conducted by comparing five urban subwatersheds with varying degrees of burial and identifying the differences in water quality between upstream open channels and downstream buried reaches. While the ecological impacts of stream burial are not uniform, it can be argued that there is a relationship between stream burial and stream degradation. The results from the available data show significant differences between the upstream and downstream sites in three streams for several water quality parameters, and two streams that showed very little difference between upstream and downstream sites. The streams with the greatest variance in land use across the subwatershed had the most significant changes in water quality between the upstream and downstream sites. This study concludes by looking at stream daylighting as an option for both ecological restoration and social benefits. Recent efforts to design around existing nature and daylight streams in urban environments have contributed to improved water quality, increased biodiversity, community engagement, and reduced strain on aging sewer infrastructure. Close

• 86. [Article] From the Ground Up: The Intersection of Environment and Industry in Portland, Oregon

  This thesis explores the relationship between industrial development and park creation during the first half of the twentieth century in Portland, Oregon. Beginning with an examination of early planning ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: From the Ground Up: The Intersection of Environment and Industry in Portland, Oregon Author: Miller, Madelyn Year: 2017 This thesis explores the relationship between industrial development and park creation during the first half of the twentieth century in Portland, Oregon. Beginning with an examination of early planning efforts of John Charles Olmsted alongside the economic boost brought by Lewis and Clark Exposition, this thesis traces the converging and diverging political and social efforts that formed Portland’s Forest Park and Guild’s Lake Industrial Sanctuary, using primary documents to identify similarities and differences in how those two spaces came into existence. The creation of Forest Park came out of a reaction to expanding economic and industrial development, initially sparked by the Lewis and Clark Exposition a century earlier. At first glance, the Exposition celebrated the region’s natural beauty, but in reality was a tool used to show Oregon’s promise as a vital player in opening global markets. Clearance of large tracts of land, including the trees whose stumps gave Portland its “Stumptown” moniker, was a sign of the region’s prosperity, and the destruction in Portland’s hills and neighboring marsh were similar signs of progress, the new landscapes acting as symbols of the city’s potential prosperity. This research is rooted in William Cronon’s analysis in “The Trouble With Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature”, that nature is a human-made concept and that the human and natural realms are in fact indistinguishable. Title: From the Ground Up: The Intersection of Environment and Industry in Portland, Oregon Author: Miller, Madelyn Year: 2017 This thesis explores the relationship between industrial development and park creation during the first half of the twentieth century in Portland, Oregon. Beginning with an examination of early planning efforts of John Charles Olmsted alongside the economic boost brought by Lewis and Clark Exposition, this thesis traces the converging and diverging political and social efforts that formed Portland’s Forest Park and Guild’s Lake Industrial Sanctuary, using primary documents to identify similarities and differences in how those two spaces came into existence. The creation of Forest Park came out of a reaction to expanding economic and industrial development, initially sparked by the Lewis and Clark Exposition a century earlier. At first glance, the Exposition celebrated the region’s natural beauty, but in reality was a tool used to show Oregon’s promise as a vital player in opening global markets. Clearance of large tracts of land, including the trees whose stumps gave Portland its “Stumptown” moniker, was a sign of the region’s prosperity, and the destruction in Portland’s hills and neighboring marsh were similar signs of progress, the new landscapes acting as symbols of the city’s potential prosperity. This research is rooted in William Cronon’s analysis in “The Trouble With Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature”, that nature is a human-made concept and that the human and natural realms are in fact indistinguishable. Close

• 87. [Article] Language as a Tool: The Use of Arabic in Spain Under Islamic Rule

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Language as a Tool: The Use of Arabic in Spain Under Islamic Rule Author: Hauenstein, Madeline B Year: 2014 Title: Language as a Tool: The Use of Arabic in Spain Under Islamic Rule Author: Hauenstein, Madeline B Year: 2014 Close

• 88. [Article] The First Crusade: The Forgotten Realities

  In the Middle Ages, Europe saw a great amassing of thousands of lords, knights, and ordinary people for an extraordinary expedition into the Holy Land. This event was called the First Crusade. The First ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The First Crusade: The Forgotten Realities Author: Chang, Jonathan Year: 2017 In the Middle Ages, Europe saw a great amassing of thousands of lords, knights, and ordinary people for an extraordinary expedition into the Holy Land. This event was called the First Crusade. The First Crusade was one of the more successful crusades, however, this fact is overshadowed by the negatives of the crusades. My paper explores the reasons for how the crusaders were able to be victorious in the First Crusade. Title: The First Crusade: The Forgotten Realities Author: Chang, Jonathan Year: 2017 In the Middle Ages, Europe saw a great amassing of thousands of lords, knights, and ordinary people for an extraordinary expedition into the Holy Land. This event was called the First Crusade. The First Crusade was one of the more successful crusades, however, this fact is overshadowed by the negatives of the crusades. My paper explores the reasons for how the crusaders were able to be victorious in the First Crusade. Close

• 89. [Article] Album 1, Photo #89

  Vernell (nee Rutherford) & Edward Watson social news clippings, "Tawana" Tennis Club

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Album 1, Photo #89 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 2014 Vernell (nee Rutherford) & Edward Watson social news clippings, "Tawana" Tennis Club Title: Album 1, Photo #89 Author: Watson, Edward Year: 2014 Vernell (nee Rutherford) & Edward Watson social news clippings, "Tawana" Tennis Club Close

• 90. [Article] Power Structure

  By today's standards morally reprehensible subjects are difficult to examine, however, from a historical perspective topics such as infanticide offer insight into individual behavior, therefore reflecting ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Power Structure Author: Klein, Nathaniel Year: 2015 By today's standards morally reprehensible subjects are difficult to examine, however, from a historical perspective topics such as infanticide offer insight into individual behavior, therefore reflecting societal norms. This paper explores the practice of infanticide used during the course of the 7th century BCE to reinforce the power structures of the period. Infanticide was far more than a simple way to dispose of unwanted offspring; it was a tool that was used by ancient Greek societies to maintain systems of control and promote social values upon which society depended. Title: Power Structure Author: Klein, Nathaniel Year: 2015 By today's standards morally reprehensible subjects are difficult to examine, however, from a historical perspective topics such as infanticide offer insight into individual behavior, therefore reflecting societal norms. This paper explores the practice of infanticide used during the course of the 7th century BCE to reinforce the power structures of the period. Infanticide was far more than a simple way to dispose of unwanted offspring; it was a tool that was used by ancient Greek societies to maintain systems of control and promote social values upon which society depended. Close

• 91. [Article] Southern Annular Mode Drives Multicentury Wildfire Activity in Southern South America

  The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the main driver of climate variability at mid to high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, affecting wildfire activity, which in turn pollutes the air and contributes ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Southern Annular Mode Drives Multicentury Wildfire Activity in Southern South America Author: Holz, Andres, Paritsis, Juan, Mundo, Ignacio A., Veblen, Thomas T., Williamson, Grant J., Araoz, Ezequiel, Bustos-Schindler, Carlos, Gonzalez, Mauro E., Grau, H. Ricardo, Quezada, Juan M. Year: 2017 The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the main driver of climate variability at mid to high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, affecting wildfire activity, which in turn pollutes the air and contributes to human health problems and mortality, and potentially provides strong feedback to the climate system through emissions and land cover changes. Here we report the largest Southern Hemisphere network of annually resolved tree ring fire histories, consisting of 1,767 fire-scarred trees from 97 sites (from 22 °S to 54 °S) in southern South America (SAS), to quantify the coupling of SAM and regional wildfire variability using recently created multicentury proxy indices of SAM for the years 1531–2010 AD. We show that at interannual time scales, as well as at multidecadal time scales across 37–54 °S, latitudinal gradient elevated wildfire activity is synchronous with positive phases of the SAM over the years 1665–1995. Positive phases of the SAM are associated primarily with warm conditions in these biomass-rich forests, in which widespread fire activity depends on fuel desiccation. Climate modeling studies indicate that greenhouse gases will force SAM into its positive phase even if stratospheric ozone returns to normal levels, so that climate conditions conducive to widespread fire activity in SAS will continue throughout the 21st century. Title: Southern Annular Mode Drives Multicentury Wildfire Activity in Southern South America Author: Holz, Andres, Paritsis, Juan, Mundo, Ignacio A., Veblen, Thomas T., Williamson, Grant J., Araoz, Ezequiel, Bustos-Schindler, Carlos, Gonzalez, Mauro E., Grau, H. Ricardo, Quezada, Juan M. Year: 2017 The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the main driver of climate variability at mid to high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, affecting wildfire activity, which in turn pollutes the air and contributes to human health problems and mortality, and potentially provides strong feedback to the climate system through emissions and land cover changes. Here we report the largest Southern Hemisphere network of annually resolved tree ring fire histories, consisting of 1,767 fire-scarred trees from 97 sites (from 22 °S to 54 °S) in southern South America (SAS), to quantify the coupling of SAM and regional wildfire variability using recently created multicentury proxy indices of SAM for the years 1531–2010 AD. We show that at interannual time scales, as well as at multidecadal time scales across 37–54 °S, latitudinal gradient elevated wildfire activity is synchronous with positive phases of the SAM over the years 1665–1995. Positive phases of the SAM are associated primarily with warm conditions in these biomass-rich forests, in which widespread fire activity depends on fuel desiccation. Climate modeling studies indicate that greenhouse gases will force SAM into its positive phase even if stratospheric ozone returns to normal levels, so that climate conditions conducive to widespread fire activity in SAS will continue throughout the 21st century. Close

• 92. [Article] Sex-Specific Fungal Communities of the Dioicous Moss Ceratodon purpureus

  Mosses display a number of hallmark life history traits that influence their ecology at the population and community level. The long lived separation of sexes observed in the haploid gametophyte (dioicy) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sex-Specific Fungal Communities of the Dioicous Moss Ceratodon purpureus Author: Balkan, Mehmet Ali Year: 2016 Mosses display a number of hallmark life history traits that influence their ecology at the population and community level. The long lived separation of sexes observed in the haploid gametophyte (dioicy) is one such feature of particular importance, as it is observed in the majority of bryophytes and creates intraspecific specialization of male and female individuals. The prevalence of sexually dimorphic mosses raises the possibility of sex-specific interactions with fungi as observed in some vascular plants. Here I investigated how moss sex shapes fungal communities associated with gametophytic tissues of the ubiquitous moss, Ceratodon purpureus. Using greenhouse populations of C. purpureus grown in a common garden, I examined fungal community structure and overall abundance of fungal biomass associated with male and female individuals from multiple populations. I hypothesized that individual mosses would harbor unique fungal communities based on their sex, and that overall fungal biomass associated with host tissues would differ significantly due to differences in morphological and physiological characteristics between the sexes. I found that fungal community composition and overall abundance (i.e. biomass) differ between male and female individuals of C. purpureus, and that sex-specific patterns are retained across individuals from three different populations. This work provides a first glance at how genetically based sexual systems in early land plants influence affiliated fungal community composition. Title: Sex-Specific Fungal Communities of the Dioicous Moss Ceratodon purpureus Author: Balkan, Mehmet Ali Year: 2016 Mosses display a number of hallmark life history traits that influence their ecology at the population and community level. The long lived separation of sexes observed in the haploid gametophyte (dioicy) is one such feature of particular importance, as it is observed in the majority of bryophytes and creates intraspecific specialization of male and female individuals. The prevalence of sexually dimorphic mosses raises the possibility of sex-specific interactions with fungi as observed in some vascular plants. Here I investigated how moss sex shapes fungal communities associated with gametophytic tissues of the ubiquitous moss, Ceratodon purpureus. Using greenhouse populations of C. purpureus grown in a common garden, I examined fungal community structure and overall abundance of fungal biomass associated with male and female individuals from multiple populations. I hypothesized that individual mosses would harbor unique fungal communities based on their sex, and that overall fungal biomass associated with host tissues would differ significantly due to differences in morphological and physiological characteristics between the sexes. I found that fungal community composition and overall abundance (i.e. biomass) differ between male and female individuals of C. purpureus, and that sex-specific patterns are retained across individuals from three different populations. This work provides a first glance at how genetically based sexual systems in early land plants influence affiliated fungal community composition. Close

• 93. [Article] Evolution of Technology in the Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis Program

  The US Forest Service (USFS), Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program is the nation’s forest census program that has been conducting inventories of private and public forested lands for over 80 years. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evolution of Technology in the Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis Program Author: Alobaidi, Sarah, Deshpande, Tejas, Nigg, Donavon, Ozdemir, Dilek, Smith, Mike, Wehner, Nicole Year: 2016 The US Forest Service (USFS), Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program is the nation’s forest census program that has been conducting inventories of private and public forested lands for over 80 years. This paper will discuss the history of the FIA program; how technology has changed, the way field crew’s conduct inventories, as well as look at what new technologies are available to the FIA program. The new endeavor into interior Alaska, approximately 112 million forested acres in size, is the last remaining forested area within the United States to be inventoried. In 2014, the US Forest Service FIA program conducted a pilot inventory in the Tanana Valley of Alaska. This paper looks at current ways the field teams conduct inventories, and how state-of-the-art remote sensing technologies can assist with data collection. Analysis of technologies in use resulted in a set of recommendations related to; 1) Earlier adoption of newer technologies, which in turn allows for earlier adoption of even more future technologies. 2) Tighter integrations at a project management level to ensure overlap is reduced where possible, and 3) Broader, more open relationships with scientific bodies at all levels of the organization resulting in more informed decision making with regards to technology adoption thus optimizing each field team’s data gathered from field plots. Title: Evolution of Technology in the Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis Program Author: Alobaidi, Sarah, Deshpande, Tejas, Nigg, Donavon, Ozdemir, Dilek, Smith, Mike, Wehner, Nicole Year: 2016 The US Forest Service (USFS), Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program is the nation’s forest census program that has been conducting inventories of private and public forested lands for over 80 years. This paper will discuss the history of the FIA program; how technology has changed, the way field crew’s conduct inventories, as well as look at what new technologies are available to the FIA program. The new endeavor into interior Alaska, approximately 112 million forested acres in size, is the last remaining forested area within the United States to be inventoried. In 2014, the US Forest Service FIA program conducted a pilot inventory in the Tanana Valley of Alaska. This paper looks at current ways the field teams conduct inventories, and how state-of-the-art remote sensing technologies can assist with data collection. Analysis of technologies in use resulted in a set of recommendations related to; 1) Earlier adoption of newer technologies, which in turn allows for earlier adoption of even more future technologies. 2) Tighter integrations at a project management level to ensure overlap is reduced where possible, and 3) Broader, more open relationships with scientific bodies at all levels of the organization resulting in more informed decision making with regards to technology adoption thus optimizing each field team’s data gathered from field plots. Close

• 94. [Article] Land Use and Active Travel: A Complex Relationship

  While it’s accepted that mixed-use development promotes active travel, researchers don’t have a consensus on exactly how land use determines people’s travel patterns.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Land Use and Active Travel: A Complex Relationship Author: Gehrke, Steven R. Year: 2017 While it’s accepted that mixed-use development promotes active travel, researchers don’t have a consensus on exactly how land use determines people’s travel patterns. Title: Land Use and Active Travel: A Complex Relationship Author: Gehrke, Steven R. Year: 2017 While it’s accepted that mixed-use development promotes active travel, researchers don’t have a consensus on exactly how land use determines people’s travel patterns. Close

• 95. [Article] A Pathway Linking Smart Growth Neighborhoods to Home-Based Pedestrian Travel

  Land development patterns, urban design, and transportation system features are inextricably linked to pedestrian travel. Accordingly, planners and decision-makers have turned to integrated transportation-land ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Pathway Linking Smart Growth Neighborhoods to Home-Based Pedestrian Travel Author: Gehrke, Steven R., Clifton, Kelly J. Year: 2017 Land development patterns, urban design, and transportation system features are inextricably linked to pedestrian travel. Accordingly, planners and decision-makers have turned to integrated transportation-land use policies and investments to address the pressing need for improvements in physical activity levels via the creation of walkable communities. However, policy questions regarding the identification of smart growth indicators and their connection to walking remain unanswered, because most studies of the built environment determinants of pedestrian travel: (a) represent the built environment with isolated metrics instead of as a multidimensional construct and (b) model this transportation-land use relationship outside of a multidirectional analytic framework. Using structural equation modeling, this Portland, Oregon study identifies a second-order latent construct of the built environment indicated by land use mix, employment concentration, and pedestrian-oriented design features. Study findings suggest this construct has a strong positive effect on the household-level decision to walk for transportation and discretionary trip purposes. Title: A Pathway Linking Smart Growth Neighborhoods to Home-Based Pedestrian Travel Author: Gehrke, Steven R., Clifton, Kelly J. Year: 2017 Land development patterns, urban design, and transportation system features are inextricably linked to pedestrian travel. Accordingly, planners and decision-makers have turned to integrated transportation-land use policies and investments to address the pressing need for improvements in physical activity levels via the creation of walkable communities. However, policy questions regarding the identification of smart growth indicators and their connection to walking remain unanswered, because most studies of the built environment determinants of pedestrian travel: (a) represent the built environment with isolated metrics instead of as a multidimensional construct and (b) model this transportation-land use relationship outside of a multidirectional analytic framework. Using structural equation modeling, this Portland, Oregon study identifies a second-order latent construct of the built environment indicated by land use mix, employment concentration, and pedestrian-oriented design features. Study findings suggest this construct has a strong positive effect on the household-level decision to walk for transportation and discretionary trip purposes. Close

• 96. [Article] Demography and the Evolution of Logistic Organization on the Northern Northwest Coast Between 11,000 and 5,000 cal BP

  Focusing on the relationship between demography and sedentary behavior, this thesis explores changes to mobility strategies on the Northern Northwest Coast of North America between 11,000 and 5,000 cal ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Demography and the Evolution of Logistic Organization on the Northern Northwest Coast Between 11,000 and 5,000 cal BP Author: Brown, Thomas Jay Year: 2016 Focusing on the relationship between demography and sedentary behavior, this thesis explores changes to mobility strategies on the Northern Northwest Coast of North America between 11,000 and 5,000 cal BP. Drawing on a regional database of radiocarbon dates, it uses summed probability distributions (SPDs) of calibrated dates as a proxy for population change, in combination with syntheses of previously published technological, paleo environmental and settlement pattern data to test three hypotheses derived from the literature about the development of logistic mobility among maritime hunter-gatherers on the Northern Coast. In all, each of the hypotheses proposes that early peoples on the coast were foragers that utilized high levels of residential mobility, who later adopted collector (logistic) strategies. Two of the hypotheses emphasize the role of population growth and/or packing and resource distribution in this transformation, while the third emphasizes population replacement. Other issues addressed within this thesis are whether or not the forager-collector continuum, as it is used for terrestrial hunter-gatherers, can be applied to those in aquatic settings. Also explored, is the question of whether the available data is sufficient for making and/or testing claims about early mobility patterns in the region. The results of the demographic models suggest that while population levels were volatile, volatility declined through time and that there is no significant trend in either growth or decline of overall population levels throughout the region. This thesis also confirmed that significant changes to mobility, as evidenced by the emergence of semi-sedentary to sedentary living, begin to appear by ~7,000 cal BP. However, there appears to be little, if any correlation between the advent of more sedentary and logistic behavior and any of the variables tested here. Thus this author suggests, in agreement with Ames (1985; 2004) and Binford (2001) that the distribution of resources and labor organization needs within aquatic environments are sufficient without any other drivers for the development and intensification of logistic mobility. The principle analytic contribution of this research comes from the demographic modeling that relied on the construction of summed probability distributions. Though these methods have become commonplace in other settings (namely Europe), this thesis presents the first application of these methods within the time period and region covered. Moreover, this research is one of the only of its kind to address demographic histories within coastal landscapes that utilizes both marine and terrestrial 14C samples. In order to explore possible biases within the database, comparisons of marine and terrestrial SPDs were made between sub-sections of the region (i.e. Haida Gwaii, Southeast Alaska and the Dundas Islands). Though patterning between each of these areas was consistent, these comparative methods revealed an unexpected finding; a massive population crash throughout the region that began between ~9,000-8,800 cal BP and lasted till around 8,400 cal BP. Importantly, this crash was witnessed within all of the individual sub-areas and within SPDs made from both the marine and terrestrial 14C samples, though the reasons behind this collapse and verification of its existence require future research. However, finding this collapse at all further highlighted the need for use of correctly calibrated 14C dates, as the gap in 14C dates effectively disappears when using uncalibrated dates, which has been a longstanding tradition within Northwest archaeology. Title: Demography and the Evolution of Logistic Organization on the Northern Northwest Coast Between 11,000 and 5,000 cal BP Author: Brown, Thomas Jay Year: 2016 Focusing on the relationship between demography and sedentary behavior, this thesis explores changes to mobility strategies on the Northern Northwest Coast of North America between 11,000 and 5,000 cal BP. Drawing on a regional database of radiocarbon dates, it uses summed probability distributions (SPDs) of calibrated dates as a proxy for population change, in combination with syntheses of previously published technological, paleo environmental and settlement pattern data to test three hypotheses derived from the literature about the development of logistic mobility among maritime hunter-gatherers on the Northern Coast. In all, each of the hypotheses proposes that early peoples on the coast were foragers that utilized high levels of residential mobility, who later adopted collector (logistic) strategies. Two of the hypotheses emphasize the role of population growth and/or packing and resource distribution in this transformation, while the third emphasizes population replacement. Other issues addressed within this thesis are whether or not the forager-collector continuum, as it is used for terrestrial hunter-gatherers, can be applied to those in aquatic settings. Also explored, is the question of whether the available data is sufficient for making and/or testing claims about early mobility patterns in the region. The results of the demographic models suggest that while population levels were volatile, volatility declined through time and that there is no significant trend in either growth or decline of overall population levels throughout the region. This thesis also confirmed that significant changes to mobility, as evidenced by the emergence of semi-sedentary to sedentary living, begin to appear by ~7,000 cal BP. However, there appears to be little, if any correlation between the advent of more sedentary and logistic behavior and any of the variables tested here. Thus this author suggests, in agreement with Ames (1985; 2004) and Binford (2001) that the distribution of resources and labor organization needs within aquatic environments are sufficient without any other drivers for the development and intensification of logistic mobility. The principle analytic contribution of this research comes from the demographic modeling that relied on the construction of summed probability distributions. Though these methods have become commonplace in other settings (namely Europe), this thesis presents the first application of these methods within the time period and region covered. Moreover, this research is one of the only of its kind to address demographic histories within coastal landscapes that utilizes both marine and terrestrial 14C samples. In order to explore possible biases within the database, comparisons of marine and terrestrial SPDs were made between sub-sections of the region (i.e. Haida Gwaii, Southeast Alaska and the Dundas Islands). Though patterning between each of these areas was consistent, these comparative methods revealed an unexpected finding; a massive population crash throughout the region that began between ~9,000-8,800 cal BP and lasted till around 8,400 cal BP. Importantly, this crash was witnessed within all of the individual sub-areas and within SPDs made from both the marine and terrestrial 14C samples, though the reasons behind this collapse and verification of its existence require future research. However, finding this collapse at all further highlighted the need for use of correctly calibrated 14C dates, as the gap in 14C dates effectively disappears when using uncalibrated dates, which has been a longstanding tradition within Northwest archaeology. Close

• 97. [Article] Drivers of Urban Sprawl in Urbanizing China – A Political Ecology Analysis

  Chinese cities have undergone a process of urbanization that has resulted in significant urban sprawl in the past 20 years. This paper uses the 'ecology of actors' framework to analyze the interactions ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Drivers of Urban Sprawl in Urbanizing China – A Political Ecology Analysis Author: Fang, Yiping, Pal, Anirban Year: 2016 Chinese cities have undergone a process of urbanization that has resulted in significant urban sprawl in the past 20 years. This paper uses the 'ecology of actors' framework to analyze the interactions between various state, market and civil society players that result in excessive land conversion from agricultural to urban use. The paper shows that under the existing institutional setting, the interests of most actors involved in the process are aligned towards greater land development and growth. The more land is developed, the more land lease revenue for the local government, the more profit for developers, and the more opportunities for compensation for farmers. Planning actors have been powerless to apply long term planning principles. There is a need to change the underlying rules of the game so that environmental impacts of land conversion are fully taken into account in the future economic calculations of actors involved in the process. Title: Drivers of Urban Sprawl in Urbanizing China – A Political Ecology Analysis Author: Fang, Yiping, Pal, Anirban Year: 2016 Chinese cities have undergone a process of urbanization that has resulted in significant urban sprawl in the past 20 years. This paper uses the 'ecology of actors' framework to analyze the interactions between various state, market and civil society players that result in excessive land conversion from agricultural to urban use. The paper shows that under the existing institutional setting, the interests of most actors involved in the process are aligned towards greater land development and growth. The more land is developed, the more land lease revenue for the local government, the more profit for developers, and the more opportunities for compensation for farmers. Planning actors have been powerless to apply long term planning principles. There is a need to change the underlying rules of the game so that environmental impacts of land conversion are fully taken into account in the future economic calculations of actors involved in the process. Close

• 98. [Article] Unit Plan: Examining the Struggle for an Equitable Education System in Portland, Oregon

  This unit is designed for five 90 minute periods in US history or African American history. Using an array of primary sources, as well as select secondary texts, students will investigate the history of ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Unit Plan: Examining the Struggle for an Equitable Education System in Portland, Oregon Author: Gale, Melinda, Brown, Oliver Year: 2015 This unit is designed for five 90 minute periods in US history or African American history. Using an array of primary sources, as well as select secondary texts, students will investigate the history of segregation, desegregation, and multicultural school reforms in Portland, Oregon. The unit will explore the relationship between local community organizations and Portland Public Schools, having students evaluate the effectiveness of both groups in terms of school reform. In the culminating project students will create a three-minute policy proposal that they present as testimony in a Portland Public Schools Board meeting. Title: Unit Plan: Examining the Struggle for an Equitable Education System in Portland, Oregon Author: Gale, Melinda, Brown, Oliver Year: 2015 This unit is designed for five 90 minute periods in US history or African American history. Using an array of primary sources, as well as select secondary texts, students will investigate the history of segregation, desegregation, and multicultural school reforms in Portland, Oregon. The unit will explore the relationship between local community organizations and Portland Public Schools, having students evaluate the effectiveness of both groups in terms of school reform. In the culminating project students will create a three-minute policy proposal that they present as testimony in a Portland Public Schools Board meeting. Close

• 99. [Article] Rationalism and the Understanding of Irrationality

  The Scientific Revolution is an era heavily scrutinized by historians and history teachers alike; the works of Francis Bacon, Andreas Vesalius, and Isaac Newton are included in nearly every textbook and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rationalism and the Understanding of Irrationality Author: Hamilton, Sophie Year: 2015 The Scientific Revolution is an era heavily scrutinized by historians and history teachers alike; the works of Francis Bacon, Andreas Vesalius, and Isaac Newton are included in nearly every textbook and course covering the Enlightenment era. But many people don’t realize that the scientific discoveries of the Enlightenment were not limited to mathematics, astronomy, and anatomy; a revolution in psychiatry was also occurring. "Rationalism and the Understanding of Irrationality" explores how the rationalist movement in the Enlightenment, which emphasized the use of reason and individualism, enabled leaders in the mental health industry to raise living standards and redefine treatment for mentally ill people. By examining the way that the witchcraft phenomenon and asylums perpetuated the mental illness stigma in the Renaissance, this research paper speaks volumes to the alienation that mentally ill people experienced and the way that the rise of Enlightenment Rationalism made Western Civilization more open-minded to them. Title: Rationalism and the Understanding of Irrationality Author: Hamilton, Sophie Year: 2015 The Scientific Revolution is an era heavily scrutinized by historians and history teachers alike; the works of Francis Bacon, Andreas Vesalius, and Isaac Newton are included in nearly every textbook and course covering the Enlightenment era. But many people don’t realize that the scientific discoveries of the Enlightenment were not limited to mathematics, astronomy, and anatomy; a revolution in psychiatry was also occurring. "Rationalism and the Understanding of Irrationality" explores how the rationalist movement in the Enlightenment, which emphasized the use of reason and individualism, enabled leaders in the mental health industry to raise living standards and redefine treatment for mentally ill people. By examining the way that the witchcraft phenomenon and asylums perpetuated the mental illness stigma in the Renaissance, this research paper speaks volumes to the alienation that mentally ill people experienced and the way that the rise of Enlightenment Rationalism made Western Civilization more open-minded to them. Close

• 100. [Article] Knowledge is Power: The Political Influence of the Chanter Social Circle at the University of Paris (1200-1215)

  The faculty of theology within the medieval University of Paris formed a major node within the social network of thirteenth-century Europe. Through an analysis of papal and university statutes concerning ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Knowledge is Power: The Political Influence of the Chanter Social Circle at the University of Paris (1200-1215) Author: Fleming, Andrew X Year: 2015 The faculty of theology within the medieval University of Paris formed a major node within the social network of thirteenth-century Europe. Through an analysis of papal and university statutes concerning the development of a defined understanding of heresy, an overview of the historiographic methodologies traditionally used in studying such a topic, and a prosopographically-based analysis of the actions taken by Pope Innocent III and a small circle of theologians at Paris, we hope to come to a more clarified understanding of the political motivations which drove academic and papal reform within the thirteenth century. More specifically, this study aims to examine how the papacy worked to directly alter both the curriculum and the faculty at the University of Paris, in order to utilize the department of theology therein as a political platform for the pope's own cause: an effort to coerce the throne of France to go to war with the heretics of Occitania. Title: Knowledge is Power: The Political Influence of the Chanter Social Circle at the University of Paris (1200-1215) Author: Fleming, Andrew X Year: 2015 The faculty of theology within the medieval University of Paris formed a major node within the social network of thirteenth-century Europe. Through an analysis of papal and university statutes concerning the development of a defined understanding of heresy, an overview of the historiographic methodologies traditionally used in studying such a topic, and a prosopographically-based analysis of the actions taken by Pope Innocent III and a small circle of theologians at Paris, we hope to come to a more clarified understanding of the political motivations which drove academic and papal reform within the thirteenth century. More specifically, this study aims to examine how the papacy worked to directly alter both the curriculum and the faculty at the University of Paris, in order to utilize the department of theology therein as a political platform for the pope's own cause: an effort to coerce the throne of France to go to war with the heretics of Occitania. Close