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• 1. [Article] Impact of egg viability, egg parasitism, and virus on 1975 Douglas-fir tussock moth defoliation potential in the lower Flathead Valley, Montana

  Evaluation of Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata, egg masses collected from an outbreak area in the lower Flathead Valley indicated that overall egg viability was relatively high, egg parasitism ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impact of egg viability, egg parasitism, and virus on 1975 Douglas-fir tussock moth defoliation potential in the lower Flathead Valley, Montana Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Evaluation of Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata, egg masses collected from an outbreak area in the lower Flathead Valley indicated that overall egg viability was relatively high, egg parasitism was low, and virus infestation averaged 7.1 percent northwest of Polson, 17.9 percent south of St. Ignatius, and 57.0 percent west of Ravalli. In the three areas, a total of 2,240 acres may be visibly defoliated in 1975, and light defoliation may be scattered over an additional 5,600 acres. The outbreak is expected to decline due to natural causes by the end of 1975. Title: Impact of egg viability, egg parasitism, and virus on 1975 Douglas-fir tussock moth defoliation potential in the lower Flathead Valley, Montana Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Evaluation of Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata, egg masses collected from an outbreak area in the lower Flathead Valley indicated that overall egg viability was relatively high, egg parasitism was low, and virus infestation averaged 7.1 percent northwest of Polson, 17.9 percent south of St. Ignatius, and 57.0 percent west of Ravalli. In the three areas, a total of 2,240 acres may be visibly defoliated in 1975, and light defoliation may be scattered over an additional 5,600 acres. The outbreak is expected to decline due to natural causes by the end of 1975. Close

• 2. [Article] Ground application of dimethoate (Cygon) for the control of cone and seed destroying insects of Douglas-fir and grand fir

  Two concentrations of dimethoate were applied with a hydraulic ground sprayer to cone-bearing Douglas-fir and grand fir trees. Single application (mid-June) and a double application (mid-June and mid-July) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ground application of dimethoate (Cygon) for the control of cone and seed destroying insects of Douglas-fir and grand fir Author: Dewey, Jerald E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. Forest Environmental Protection, United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry Two concentrations of dimethoate were applied with a hydraulic ground sprayer to cone-bearing Douglas-fir and grand fir trees. Single application (mid-June) and a double application (mid-June and mid-July) were compared. Three of the four treatments applied to Douglas-fir resulted in a significantly higher number of sound seeds produced per cone compared to untreated cones. No seed protection was exhibited in the grand fir treatments. Title: Ground application of dimethoate (Cygon) for the control of cone and seed destroying insects of Douglas-fir and grand fir Author: Dewey, Jerald E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. Forest Environmental Protection, United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry Two concentrations of dimethoate were applied with a hydraulic ground sprayer to cone-bearing Douglas-fir and grand fir trees. Single application (mid-June) and a double application (mid-June and mid-July) were compared. Three of the four treatments applied to Douglas-fir resulted in a significantly higher number of sound seeds produced per cone compared to untreated cones. No seed protection was exhibited in the grand fir treatments. Close

• 3. [Article] Ash borer damage in green ash windbreaks surrounding the Bowman-Haley Reservoir in North Dakota, spring 1974

  An active infestation of ash borer, Podosesia syringae (Harris) was detected in green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh, surrounding the Bowman-Haley Reservoir in 1973. A survey in 1974 showed that 40.4 percent ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ash borer damage in green ash windbreaks surrounding the Bowman-Haley Reservoir in North Dakota, spring 1974 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tagestad, Arden, Tunnock, Scott, Stein, John D. An active infestation of ash borer, Podosesia syringae (Harris) was detected in green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh, surrounding the Bowman-Haley Reservoir in 1973. A survey in 1974 showed that 40.4 percent of 690 trees examined contained active ash borer attacks. Forty-three out of 140 windbreaks were sampled and each one was infested. There was an average of 1.8 attacks per infested tree. The survey indicated that the infestation will continue in 1974. Plans are being made to test several chemicals on the ash borers at the Bowman-Haley damsite. Title: Ash borer damage in green ash windbreaks surrounding the Bowman-Haley Reservoir in North Dakota, spring 1974 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tagestad, Arden, Tunnock, Scott, Stein, John D. An active infestation of ash borer, Podosesia syringae (Harris) was detected in green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh, surrounding the Bowman-Haley Reservoir in 1973. A survey in 1974 showed that 40.4 percent of 690 trees examined contained active ash borer attacks. Forty-three out of 140 windbreaks were sampled and each one was infested. There was an average of 1.8 attacks per infested tree. The survey indicated that the infestation will continue in 1974. Plans are being made to test several chemicals on the ash borers at the Bowman-Haley damsite. Close

• 4. [Article] Forest insect and disease status prior to operation of a magnesium plant in northeastern Washington

  An evaluation to establish baseline data on forest insect and disease activity near a magnesium plant under construction in northeastern Washington was initiated in 1974. The plant will emit significant amounts ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Forest insect and disease status prior to operation of a magnesium plant in northeastern Washington Author: Carlson, Clinton E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Gilligan, Carma J. An evaluation to establish baseline data on forest insect and disease activity near a magnesium plant under construction in northeastern Washington was initiated in 1974. The plant will emit significant amounts of sulfur dioxide. Data indicates that several fungal and insect species are at low populations. Needle retention appears normal on ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir. Some tip necrosis was found on pines and histological analysis of needles revealed a pollutant syndrome. Tissue analyses indicated total sulfur in pine and fir needles is about twice that found in "clean" areas in Montana. Sulfur dioxide may be drifting in from Spokane, Washington, or Trail, B.C., Canada. In spite of evidence of a small amount of sulfur pollution at present, the forested area in general appears in good health. The data will be a good baseline to which future evaluations can be compared after the magnesium plant begins production. Title: Forest insect and disease status prior to operation of a magnesium plant in northeastern Washington Author: Carlson, Clinton E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Gilligan, Carma J. An evaluation to establish baseline data on forest insect and disease activity near a magnesium plant under construction in northeastern Washington was initiated in 1974. The plant will emit significant amounts of sulfur dioxide. Data indicates that several fungal and insect species are at low populations. Needle retention appears normal on ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir. Some tip necrosis was found on pines and histological analysis of needles revealed a pollutant syndrome. Tissue analyses indicated total sulfur in pine and fir needles is about twice that found in "clean" areas in Montana. Sulfur dioxide may be drifting in from Spokane, Washington, or Trail, B.C., Canada. In spite of evidence of a small amount of sulfur pollution at present, the forested area in general appears in good health. The data will be a good baseline to which future evaluations can be compared after the magnesium plant begins production. Close

• 5. [Article] Nursery conifer diseases : evaluation of Benomyl to control root disease of Engelmann spruce seedlings

  The benomyl fungicide, rersan, applied at 7 and 14 pounds active ingredient per acre, on April 26 and July 25, 1973, was ineffective in reducing mortality in 2-0 Engelmann spruce seedlings derived from ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nursery conifer diseases : evaluation of Benomyl to control root disease of Engelmann spruce seedlings Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Williams, Ralph E. The benomyl fungicide, rersan, applied at 7 and 14 pounds active ingredient per acre, on April 26 and July 25, 1973, was ineffective in reducing mortality in 2-0 Engelmann spruce seedlings derived from two different seed sources growing in three different nursery sections at the USFS Coeur d'Alene Nursery. Percent mortality in plots monitored over the entire summer was 8.6, 3.6 and 8.0 in sections 31, 36, and 37 respectively, and ranged from 0 to as high as 21.9 in individual mortality plots. Percent mortality in sections 31 and 37 was similar and significantly greater than in section 36, indicating variation in conditions associated with individual sections. Percent mortality combined for sections 36 and 37 (seed source 72-180) was significantly less than that for section 31 (seed source 72-144) indicating variation in host or seed lot susceptibility or tolerance. Higher rates of application, 28 and 42 pounds active per acre, applied during a second treatment period were ineffective. Because of experimental design inadequacies, however, the results are inconclusive. Bioassay studies to determine chemical distribution in soil and within seedlings were generally negative. Reasons for lack of control and negative assays are discussed. Isolation studies did reveal a high frequency of occurrence of Fusariuin spp. in dead seedlings, and disease expression increased with increasing summer temperatures, implicating fusarial pathogens in the causal complex. Title: Nursery conifer diseases : evaluation of Benomyl to control root disease of Engelmann spruce seedlings Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Williams, Ralph E. The benomyl fungicide, rersan, applied at 7 and 14 pounds active ingredient per acre, on April 26 and July 25, 1973, was ineffective in reducing mortality in 2-0 Engelmann spruce seedlings derived from two different seed sources growing in three different nursery sections at the USFS Coeur d'Alene Nursery. Percent mortality in plots monitored over the entire summer was 8.6, 3.6 and 8.0 in sections 31, 36, and 37 respectively, and ranged from 0 to as high as 21.9 in individual mortality plots. Percent mortality in sections 31 and 37 was similar and significantly greater than in section 36, indicating variation in conditions associated with individual sections. Percent mortality combined for sections 36 and 37 (seed source 72-180) was significantly less than that for section 31 (seed source 72-144) indicating variation in host or seed lot susceptibility or tolerance. Higher rates of application, 28 and 42 pounds active per acre, applied during a second treatment period were ineffective. Because of experimental design inadequacies, however, the results are inconclusive. Bioassay studies to determine chemical distribution in soil and within seedlings were generally negative. Reasons for lack of control and negative assays are discussed. Isolation studies did reveal a high frequency of occurrence of Fusariuin spp. in dead seedlings, and disease expression increased with increasing summer temperatures, implicating fusarial pathogens in the causal complex. Close

• 6. [Article] Evaluation of a Douglas-fir tussock moth outbreak in the lower Flathead Valley, Montana

  An aerial survey during 1974 revealed approximately 5,000 acres of various degrees of Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., defoliation in the lower Flathead Valley. An egg mass survey was ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation of a Douglas-fir tussock moth outbreak in the lower Flathead Valley, Montana Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott An aerial survey during 1974 revealed approximately 5,000 acres of various degrees of Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., defoliation in the lower Flathead Valley. An egg mass survey was made in September to determine the potential for damage in 1975. Based on new egg mass densities, significant defoliation may occur on 2,880 acres. Title: Evaluation of a Douglas-fir tussock moth outbreak in the lower Flathead Valley, Montana Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott An aerial survey during 1974 revealed approximately 5,000 acres of various degrees of Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., defoliation in the lower Flathead Valley. An egg mass survey was made in September to determine the potential for damage in 1975. Based on new egg mass densities, significant defoliation may occur on 2,880 acres. Close

• 7. [Article] Observations of impact on the Nezperce National Forest caused by the Douglas-fir tussock moth

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Observations of impact on the Nezperce National Forest caused by the Douglas-fir tussock moth Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Bousfield, Wayne E., Ward, James D. Title: Observations of impact on the Nezperce National Forest caused by the Douglas-fir tussock moth Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Bousfield, Wayne E., Ward, James D. Close

• 8. [Article] Status of mountain pine beetle on the Bitterroot National Forest, Montana and Idaho, 1974

  Mountain pine beetle activity has increased from about 350 infested trees in 1972 to over 1,200 infested trees in 1974 on the Bitterroot National Forest. The majority of infestation occurs in second-growth, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Status of mountain pine beetle on the Bitterroot National Forest, Montana and Idaho, 1974 Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Hemel, Dennis R., McGregor, Mark D. Mountain pine beetle activity has increased from about 350 infested trees in 1972 to over 1,200 infested trees in 1974 on the Bitterroot National Forest. The majority of infestation occurs in second-growth, overstocked, ponderosa pine stands in the West Fork Bitterroot drainage. An increase in number of trees killed is expected in 1975. Commercial thinning is encouraged to remove infested trees and improve stand vigor to reduce the infestation to endemic levels. Title: Status of mountain pine beetle on the Bitterroot National Forest, Montana and Idaho, 1974 Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Hemel, Dennis R., McGregor, Mark D. Mountain pine beetle activity has increased from about 350 infested trees in 1972 to over 1,200 infested trees in 1974 on the Bitterroot National Forest. The majority of infestation occurs in second-growth, overstocked, ponderosa pine stands in the West Fork Bitterroot drainage. An increase in number of trees killed is expected in 1975. Commercial thinning is encouraged to remove infested trees and improve stand vigor to reduce the infestation to endemic levels. Close

• 9. [Article] Survey and evaluation of park, cemetery, and street trees, Bozeman, Montana

  Shade tree insect and disease activity within the city limits of Bozeman, Montana, were evaluated. Other than a few minor insects, the park, cemetery, and street trees are in remarkably good condition. Both ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Survey and evaluation of park, cemetery, and street trees, Bozeman, Montana Author: Dooling, Oscar J., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Kohler, Steve Shade tree insect and disease activity within the city limits of Bozeman, Montana, were evaluated. Other than a few minor insects, the park, cemetery, and street trees are in remarkably good condition. Both the Park Department and private homeowners appreciate the value of trees in the urban environment. Recommendations on tree maintenance, removal, and replacement are provided. Title: Survey and evaluation of park, cemetery, and street trees, Bozeman, Montana Author: Dooling, Oscar J., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Kohler, Steve Shade tree insect and disease activity within the city limits of Bozeman, Montana, were evaluated. Other than a few minor insects, the park, cemetery, and street trees are in remarkably good condition. Both the Park Department and private homeowners appreciate the value of trees in the urban environment. Recommendations on tree maintenance, removal, and replacement are provided. Close

• 10. [Article] A pine butterfly impact survey on the Bitterroot National Forest and state of Montana lands, 1973

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A pine butterfly impact survey on the Bitterroot National Forest and state of Montana lands, 1973 Author: Dewey, Jerald E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry Title: A pine butterfly impact survey on the Bitterroot National Forest and state of Montana lands, 1973 Author: Dewey, Jerald E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry Close