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• 1. [Article] Western spruce budworm in the Northern Region in 1977 and predictions for defoliation in 1978

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Western spruce budworm in the Northern Region in 1977 and predictions for defoliation in 1978 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Flavell, Thomas H. Title: Western spruce budworm in the Northern Region in 1977 and predictions for defoliation in 1978 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Flavell, Thomas H. Close

• 2. [Article] Progress report on spruce budworm damage in Idaho and Montana, 1978

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Progress report on spruce budworm damage in Idaho and Montana, 1978 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Bousfield, Wayne E. Title: Progress report on spruce budworm damage in Idaho and Montana, 1978 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Bousfield, Wayne E. Close

• 3. [Article] Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in Douglas-fir stands in eastern Montana, 1975

  Aerially visible defoliation by the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, increased from 149,250 acres in 1973 to 649,319 acres in 1974 on five eastern Montana National Forests. An ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in Douglas-fir stands in eastern Montana, 1975 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. Forest Environmental Protection, United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Aerially visible defoliation by the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, increased from 149,250 acres in 1973 to 649,319 acres in 1974 on five eastern Montana National Forests. An egg mass survey during the fall of 1974 predicted that additional defoliation will occur in 1975 on 47 of 48 plots located on these Forests. Areas with the highest potential for increasing populations in 1975 are being considered as sites for pilot control projects of several promising chemical and biological insecticides. Title: Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in Douglas-fir stands in eastern Montana, 1975 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. Forest Environmental Protection, United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Aerially visible defoliation by the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, increased from 149,250 acres in 1973 to 649,319 acres in 1974 on five eastern Montana National Forests. An egg mass survey during the fall of 1974 predicted that additional defoliation will occur in 1975 on 47 of 48 plots located on these Forests. Areas with the highest potential for increasing populations in 1975 are being considered as sites for pilot control projects of several promising chemical and biological insecticides. Close

• 4. [Article] A three year evaluation of Douglas-fir cone and seed insects in Montana and Yellowstone National Park

  A 3-year evaluation of Douglas-fir cones in Montana and Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, showed the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, and midges were the most common and injurious ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A three year evaluation of Douglas-fir cone and seed insects in Montana and Yellowstone National Park Author: Dewey, Jerald E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry A 3-year evaluation of Douglas-fir cones in Montana and Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, showed the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, and midges were the most common and injurious insects found each year. Injury was so severe at some plots that no 41 sound seeds could be found. Title: A three year evaluation of Douglas-fir cone and seed insects in Montana and Yellowstone National Park Author: Dewey, Jerald E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry A 3-year evaluation of Douglas-fir cones in Montana and Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, showed the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, and midges were the most common and injurious insects found each year. Injury was so severe at some plots that no 41 sound seeds could be found. Close

• 5. [Article] Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in northern Idaho and Montana, 1977

  Epidemic populations of the western spruce budworm persist in the Northern Region. Aerial surveys made in August 1976 showed a decline in the acreage of aerially visible defoliation. In northern Idaho, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in northern Idaho and Montana, 1977 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Epidemic populations of the western spruce budworm persist in the Northern Region. Aerial surveys made in August 1976 showed a decline in the acreage of aerially visible defoliation. In northern Idaho, the defoliated area dropped from 831,487 acres in 1975 to 655,711 acres in 1976, down 21 percent. Surveys in Montana found a net decrease in defoliation of 11 percent, down from 2,797,986 in 1975 to 2,496,274 in 1976. Egg mass surveys made in September and October 1976 indicate that defoliation will be light on the Clearwater and Nezperce National Forests and moderate on the Idaho Panhandle National Forests, Idaho, in 1977. Defoliation in Montana during 1977 is expected to be light on the Flathead, moderate on the Kootenai, and heavy on the Beaverhead, Bitterroot, Deerlodge, Gallatin, Helena, Lewis and Clark, and Lolo National Forests and the Flathead Indian Reservation. Title: Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in northern Idaho and Montana, 1977 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Epidemic populations of the western spruce budworm persist in the Northern Region. Aerial surveys made in August 1976 showed a decline in the acreage of aerially visible defoliation. In northern Idaho, the defoliated area dropped from 831,487 acres in 1975 to 655,711 acres in 1976, down 21 percent. Surveys in Montana found a net decrease in defoliation of 11 percent, down from 2,797,986 in 1975 to 2,496,274 in 1976. Egg mass surveys made in September and October 1976 indicate that defoliation will be light on the Clearwater and Nezperce National Forests and moderate on the Idaho Panhandle National Forests, Idaho, in 1977. Defoliation in Montana during 1977 is expected to be light on the Flathead, moderate on the Kootenai, and heavy on the Beaverhead, Bitterroot, Deerlodge, Gallatin, Helena, Lewis and Clark, and Lolo National Forests and the Flathead Indian Reservation. Close

• 6. [Article] Western spruce budworm egg masses for predicting defoliation potential in the northern region : progress report

  An attempt was made to predict western spruce budworm defoliation using egg counts from plots in the Douglas-fir type east of the Continental Divide in Montana, the Douglas-fir type west of the Continental ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Western spruce budworm egg masses for predicting defoliation potential in the northern region : progress report Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott An attempt was made to predict western spruce budworm defoliation using egg counts from plots in the Douglas-fir type east of the Continental Divide in Montana, the Douglas-fir type west of the Continental Divide in Montana, and the mixed grand fir Douglas-fir type of northern Idaho. The parameters used in a linear regression model for the three ecotypes were eggs per 100 buds in 1972 as the independent variable and percent defoliation in 1973 as the dependent variable. Correlation coefficients (0 were: 0.39, 0.54, and 0.66 for the data from grand fir in northern Idaho and Douglas-fir in eastern and western Montana respectively. A covariance analysis of the three regression lines showed there were differences between the three ecotypes. Title: Western spruce budworm egg masses for predicting defoliation potential in the northern region : progress report Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott An attempt was made to predict western spruce budworm defoliation using egg counts from plots in the Douglas-fir type east of the Continental Divide in Montana, the Douglas-fir type west of the Continental Divide in Montana, and the mixed grand fir Douglas-fir type of northern Idaho. The parameters used in a linear regression model for the three ecotypes were eggs per 100 buds in 1972 as the independent variable and percent defoliation in 1973 as the dependent variable. Correlation coefficients (0 were: 0.39, 0.54, and 0.66 for the data from grand fir in northern Idaho and Douglas-fir in eastern and western Montana respectively. A covariance analysis of the three regression lines showed there were differences between the three ecotypes. Close

• 7. [Article] Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in Douglas-fir stands in Montana, 1976

  Aerial surveys of six Montana National Forests in 1975 found a 22.1% increase in the area of visible defoliation caused by the western spruce budworm. It is estimated that 2,278,804 acres of Douglas-fir ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in Douglas-fir stands in Montana, 1976 Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Flavell, Thomas H., Tunnock, Scott Aerial surveys of six Montana National Forests in 1975 found a 22.1% increase in the area of visible defoliation caused by the western spruce budworm. It is estimated that 2,278,804 acres of Douglas-fir forests are now suffering at least 25% defoliation. This is an increase of 503,706 acres over the 1,775,098 acres defoliated in 1974. Egg mass surveys were made in infested areas to predict the degree of defoliation in 1976. Based on this survey, the following mean percent defoliation is predicted for each National Forest: Deerlodge, 56%; Helena, 57%; Gallatin, 29%; Beaverhead, 37%; Flathead, 5%; Lolo, 24%. Title: Potential for defoliation by western spruce budworm in Douglas-fir stands in Montana, 1976 Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Flavell, Thomas H., Tunnock, Scott Aerial surveys of six Montana National Forests in 1975 found a 22.1% increase in the area of visible defoliation caused by the western spruce budworm. It is estimated that 2,278,804 acres of Douglas-fir forests are now suffering at least 25% defoliation. This is an increase of 503,706 acres over the 1,775,098 acres defoliated in 1974. Egg mass surveys were made in infested areas to predict the degree of defoliation in 1976. Based on this survey, the following mean percent defoliation is predicted for each National Forest: Deerlodge, 56%; Helena, 57%; Gallatin, 29%; Beaverhead, 37%; Flathead, 5%; Lolo, 24%. Close

• 8. [Article] Western spruce budworm defoliation trend relative to weather in the Northern Region, 1969-1979

  Western spruce budworm defoliated area in the Northern Region has differed significantly across three discrete geographic zones during the past decade. Aerially visible defoliation in northern Idaho increased ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Western spruce budworm defoliation trend relative to weather in the Northern Region, 1969-1979 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Hard, John S., Eder, Robert G., Tunnock, Scott Western spruce budworm defoliated area in the Northern Region has differed significantly across three discrete geographic zones during the past decade. Aerially visible defoliation in northern Idaho increased from 1.7 million acres in 1969 to a high of 2.2 million acres in 1974, and declined to none in 1979. Defoliated area in western Montana increased from 1.8 million acres in 1969 to a high of 2.8 million acres in 1972 and declined to 0.6 million acres in 1979. Conversely, defoliated area in eastern Montana fluctuated at low levels between 0.1 and 0.7 million acres between 1969 and 1974, and then rose to a high of 1.6 million acres in 1979. Analysis of defoliation trend, the ratio of acres defoliated in the current year by acres defoliated the prior year, and weather during budworm larval and pupal periods during the past decade revealed the following relationships: Defoliation trend in all three geographic areas varied (a) directly with mean maximum temperature during May, June, and July of the year before, and (b) inversely with frequency of measurable precipitation during May, June, and July of the year before. Based on warm, dry conditions throughout the Region in 1979, we predict a general increase in budworm populations in the Northern Region in 1980. Title: Western spruce budworm defoliation trend relative to weather in the Northern Region, 1969-1979 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Hard, John S., Eder, Robert G., Tunnock, Scott Western spruce budworm defoliated area in the Northern Region has differed significantly across three discrete geographic zones during the past decade. Aerially visible defoliation in northern Idaho increased from 1.7 million acres in 1969 to a high of 2.2 million acres in 1974, and declined to none in 1979. Defoliated area in western Montana increased from 1.8 million acres in 1969 to a high of 2.8 million acres in 1972 and declined to 0.6 million acres in 1979. Conversely, defoliated area in eastern Montana fluctuated at low levels between 0.1 and 0.7 million acres between 1969 and 1974, and then rose to a high of 1.6 million acres in 1979. Analysis of defoliation trend, the ratio of acres defoliated in the current year by acres defoliated the prior year, and weather during budworm larval and pupal periods during the past decade revealed the following relationships: Defoliation trend in all three geographic areas varied (a) directly with mean maximum temperature during May, June, and July of the year before, and (b) inversely with frequency of measurable precipitation during May, June, and July of the year before. Based on warm, dry conditions throughout the Region in 1979, we predict a general increase in budworm populations in the Northern Region in 1980. Close